Tesis sobre el tema "Perception des objets – Chez le nourrisson"
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Grondin, Pierre. "La perception des objets impliqués dans des relations causales et non causales chez les enfants de 6 mois". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/43100.
Texto completoSpriet, Céline. "The development of visual object categorization". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 1, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LYO10231.
Texto completoVisual object categorization is at the interface between "seeing" and "thinking". Evidences from functional MRI (fMRI) studies have described an organization of the ventral stream by visual categories, especially between animate and inanimate entities, that decomposed into finer-grained distinctions. How does this specific organization come about in humans? This thesis presents a set of 4 studies addressing this issue. First, I will hypothesize that the first categories infants represent are constrained by these dimensions organizing object representation in the visual cortex (chapter 3) and study the role of brain maturation and experience in this representation (chapter 4). Then, I will investigate how the speed of presentation influences the animate/inanimate categorization in the first year of life and in adulthood (chapter 5), and what visual features act in this categorization in adults (chapter 6). Results show that infants will first be attracted by non-categorical visual features such as the size of stimuli, before completely relying on categorical features, representing first the animate and inanimate entities. This transition is essentially limited by the brain maturation. This first big categorization gets faster and faster with age, and can be based on low-level visual features, although the more features available, the better the categorization. I suggest that the brain maturation help infants to represent more and more visual features when growing up, allowing them to represent more (finer-grained) categories. This maturation also elicit an acceleration of the representation of the big animate/inanimate categorization with age. Part of this big categorization is actually already possible based on lower-level visual features that covariate with the categories, but adults’ behavior gets influenced by categories only when enough features are presented in the image
Lejeune, Fleur. "Perception manuelle de la forme des objets chez les enfants prématurés en période néonatale". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00648263.
Texto completoLejeune, Fleur. "Perception manuelle de la forme des objets chez les enfants prématurés en période néonatale". Phd thesis, Grenoble, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010GRENS039.
Texto completoPreterm infants receive inadequate sensory stimulations during a critical period of brain development. Touch seems to be a key modality in preterm infants. The aim of this thesis was to investigate early manual abilities in preterm infants. Therefore, we focused on manual haptic processing of object shape without vision control. This field of research remained hitherto unexplored in preterm infants. The first study investigated the abilities (intra-manual) to perceive in one hand the difference between the shape of two objects (prism vs. Cylinder) in preterm infants from 33 to 34+6 GW (Gestational Weeks). In a second study, we examined the development of these manual abilities depending on the degree of prematurity (three groups). Finally, in a third study, we investigated the abilities (inter-manual) of preterm infants from 33 to 34+6 GW to perceive and memorize an object's shape with one hand and to detect differences between two shapes in the opposite hand. Our results reveal that manual habituation and discrimination of object shape are present in preterm infants from 28 GW. In addition, preterm infants from 28 to 34 GW show recognition memory after haptic interference (presentation of a novel object) contrary to infants from 34 GW. This last result indicates qualitative differences between groups of prematurity. However, our results show no quantitative difference in manual performance between the three groups of prematurity. Finally, results reveal that an inter-manual transfer of shape information is present in preterm infants at 33 GW demonstrating the existence of communication between the two cerebral hemispheres. Overall, our results show that the preterm infant is already endowed with early tactile abilities. This thesis provides new theoretical insights concerning the development of tactile perception and opens new perspectives in the context of developmental care
Streri, Arlette. "Voir, atteindre, toucher : les relations entre la vision et le toucher chez le bébé". Paris 5, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA05H036.
Texto completoThe purpose of this thesis is to study the origins of the relations between perceptual systems such as touch and vision, and the development of their relations during the first year of life. The problem of the unity of senses at birth is old. This question has been answered to in two different ways : prehension of visual object and intermodal transfer or multimodal exploration. Prehension is a relation between the visual sense and the tactual motor system whereas intermodal transfer and multimodal exploration is a relation between senses. The two fields were studied separately until now and it became necessary to bring them together in order to have a complete view of the different relations between perceptual systems which organize our behaviour from birth. A complete analysis of the litterature in the two fields and our own experiments on intermodal transfer may suggest an early unity of the systems at birth. However, this unity is fragile in prehension and a reorganization of behaviour is observed which may be attributed to the development of the tactual motor system. The unity is established between sensory modes but the relations between vision and touch are not reversible at each age. This lack of reversibility may be attributed to the different speeds of the development of the two systems. We ask the question of the stages of cognition that the infants construct in the first year from perceptual and motor organization
Segond, Hervé. "Développement de la spécialisation manuelle et exploration tactilo-kinesthesique des objets chez le bébé de 2, 4 et 6 mois". Paris 5, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA05H089.
Texto completoNumerous asymmetries of movement, reaction and posture characterize the motor and perceptual development from fetal life. These asymmetries are supposed to contribute to the development of laterality and manual preferences. Most of the studies about early manual preference have concerned motor activities and eye-hand coordination through reaching and were confronted with important limits. The aim of our cross-sectional and longitudinal investigations was to study the existence and the development of asymmetry cues not only of the fine motor function but also of the perception during manual exploration in 2, 4 and 6 month-old infants. A haptic habituation procedure without visual control has been used for the first time so as to compare the manual performances and to look for early specialization cues in object holding, information processing about objects' shape, and between hand transfer of information. Two cues are proposed. The first one (QT) allows to determine the subject's manual laterality. The second one (QP) allows to determine the direction of manual specialization for the processing of haptic information on manipulated objects' shape characteristics. A change in function appears in the right hand in favor of a motor specialization in holding and transport activities of an object, while we observe a perceptual specialization of the left hand for the processing of spatial and haptic information which are related to characteristics of manipulated objects' shapes. This manual specialization, indicated by a quicker habituation and better discrimination capacities of the left hand compared to the right hand, appears earlier in girls than in boys, confirming thus a maturational lag between girls and boys (cf. Tanner, 1974-78). Moreover, our results confirm the model of the prenatal origins of manual laterality (Previc, 1991) since we can observe an influence of the fetal position on differences in holding time between the two hands on a small number of trials. Finally, our procedure of double habituation in the longitudinal study allows us to distinguish subjects who present a cerebral organization in mirror compared to the prototypical model
Millêtre, Béatrice. "Habituation visuelle et traitement de l'information chez le nourrisson de 3 et 5 mois". Paris 5, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA05H063.
Texto completoVisual habituation is often considered as linked to information processing, but very few studies have emphasized the relations. Our work has tried to define the relations between visual habituation and information processing. At the end of our experiments, it clearly appears that informaiton processing is achieved before habituation is reached. Habituation can then be considered as involving two successive operations, the first during which information is encoded and a representation made, the second one during which the perceptive imput is compared with the preceeding mnemonic trace, and information recognized as the same. Habituation shows the sam two operations at 3 and 5 months
Rovira, Katia. "L'organisation perceptive et ses limites chez le bébé de 4 mois : capacités de discrimination et de catégorisation". Paris 5, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA05H081.
Texto completoThis work is dedicated to the study of the early perceptual organization. Following the theoretical presentation of the developmental approaches explaining the emergence of this process, we tested the sensibility of 4-month-old infants to the spatial relationships between elements belonging to a configuration. For this purpose, we used different configurations and their modifications in various discrimination and categorization situations. In a first experimental step, the configurations were made of 6 elements arranged around a vertical or horizontal virtual central axis. The modification was either a partial (2 elements) or complete (all elements) permutation around the central axis. In the discrimination task, babies had significant novelty reaction in the partial permutation condition and a preference for the familiar situation in the total permutation condition. The categorization activity was rarely observed. In a second experimental step, we used more or less regular configurations of 8 elements. The modification here consists in suppressing one element. In discrimination, the results showed both an effect of the fugure regularity level and an effect of the position of the suppressed element. We did not observe a categorization activity. This experimental work evidenced the early perceptual organization and its limitations in 4-monthold infants. The main result is that some relations are more easily perceived than others and the important change rate of stimulations in the categorization situation limits early perceptual organization
Ngon, Céline. "Issues in early phonological and lexical acquisition". Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066348.
Texto completoOver the last four decades, a growing body of research has been dedicated to the study of the cognitive mechanisms allowing infants to acquire their native language with remarkable ease. The present dissertation reports the findings of three experimental studies addressing crucial issues in phonological and lexical acquisition at different stages of development. In a first study, we explored the types of mechanisms driving the acquisition of a sound inventory. During the second half of the first year of life, infants’ phonetic perception is refined according to the native language structure, with speech sound discrimination declining for non-native contrasts and improving for native contrasts. However, a question that has remained unanswered is how to account for the order in which the different native categories are acquired. In particular, two hypotheses have been proposed: (1) a frequency-based hypothesis, according to which exemplars of sound categories occurring the most frequently in the input speech should be acquired earlier than less frequent categories; (2) a universal markedness hypothesis, according to which less marked sounds should acquire before more marked ones. To disentangle these two possibilities, we designed a cross-language developmental study, in which the discrimination of two non-native contrasts was tested across two languages at two ages, and in which the two hypotheses predict different developmental scenarios for the two languages. So far, the pattern of results seems to converge on the universal markedness account (though more robust data is needed to validate this hypothesis). However, we also argue that an alternative frequency-based explanation can account for our results. In a second study, we investigated the acquisition of a receptive lexicon. To detect word-forms in the speech stream, it has been suggested that infants rely on statistical coherence between syllables, a universal, language-independent cue that would help them get started with a first set of forms. While it is well-known that infants are sensitive to statistical cues, we provide unique evidence confirming that infants really make use of this available resource to build a lexicon. In particular, we exploited the fact that a purely statistical learning strategy should extract words but also high-frequency sound sequences that do not correspond to actual words. Infants’ receptive lexicon was simulated using a crude algorithm that extracts frequent disyllabic sequences from a corpus of French infant-directed speech, and recognition of such sequences was tested in a series of preferential listening experiments. French-learning infants of 11 months, an age at which their word segmentation capacities are still rudimentary, were found to recognize isolated high-frequency nonword sequences (e. G. Va faire, n’as plus) and fail to differentiate between these nonwords and actual words in the same frequency range (e. G. Canard, “duck”; ballon, “ball”). These results show that infants do apply statistical cues, guiding them to build a “protolexicon”, containing both words and nonwords, and which will later be pruned as robust segmentation abilities develop. In a third study, we examined the output phonological representations of words in French-learning infants of 21 months, an age at which they comprehend many words but often misarticulate them or do not attempt to produce them at all. We showed that they are able to covertly produce the phonological form of words that they do not yet produce overtly, and make internal (though coarse) judgments about their phonological length. In an anticipatory eye-movement procedure, infants were presented with images of objects whose labels they had to covertly produce and categorize according to their length. Crucially, the images represented objects whose labels were understood but not yet overtly produced by the infants, according to parental report. Successful categorization was measured by correct anticipations of the appearance of each object to a designated side on a screen (left or right), which was determined by the length of the object’s label. Infants’ performance was significantly above chance when words were monosyllabic and trisyllabic (e. G. Chat vs. Pantalon), and marginally so with words of a smaller phonological difference, i. E. Monosyllables vs. Disyllables (e. G. Chat vs. Ballon). These observations constitute unique evidence that infants possess output phonological representations for words before they start producing them. Together, these findings offer new insights into infants’ phonological and lexical development, from the perceptual abilities allowing them to recognize the sounds and word-forms of their language to the representations of words in the output lexicon. We discuss the interpretation of our experimental results and propose avenues for future research to answer new questions raised by our findings
Pascalis, Olivier. "La mémoire à long terme chez le nourrisson de 4 jours à 6 mois". Aix-Marseille 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993AIX11053.
Texto completoCarchon, Isabelle. "Des relations à la coordination entre l'eil et la tête chez le nourrisson". Paris 5, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA05H057.
Texto completoTurati, Chiara. "Il riconoscimento del volto nei primi mesi di vita : l'emergere di un sistema cognitivo specializzato". Paris 5, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA05H068.
Texto completoBassot, Fabienne. "Les composantes sensori-motrices de l'activité visuelle chez le bébé prématuré". Paris 5, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA05H031.
Texto completoIt is suggested that the association of visual and cephalic systems may predict the eye-head coordination. No research has explored preterm's visuo-cephalic activity. The focus of this study was preterm's visuo-cephalic activity in two tasks : a pursuit and a peripheral detection task. 51 preterms infants, born at 32 weeks, were observed at 37 weeks in a semi vertical position. Four groups of preterms were observed either in one or both conditions : "head fixed" and "head free". Results show that preterm can follow a target moving horizontally at eye level and at a 30 cm distance. The pursuit covers 20 to 25 of the target's total course. Evenmore peripheral detection is observed when the target appears within a 30 angle. Eye displacements were predominantly saccadic in both tasks. Comparison of visual activity between conditions show that preterms perform better in "head fixed" than in "head free" condition. In the latter, two forms of pursuit are observed : a response of ocular pursuit and a response of ocular pursuit accompagnied by a cephalic movement oriented in the same direction. This "ocular-cephalic" pattern of response is characterized by an ocular localization followed by an accelerated cephalic movement
Damon, Fabrice. "Développement des préférences pour la familiarité chez le nourrisson". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAS033/document.
Texto completoThe purpose of this work is to examine of the development of face category formation using infants’ visual preferences. We investigated the mechanisms leading to differential face preferences by integrating them in the theoretical framework developed by Valentine (1991), the face-space. We proposed that the way perceptual experience shape the structure of the face-space is a determinant of infants’ face preferences. We postulated that faces close to the central tendency of the face-space (i.e., prototype) will be preferred. We first reported a bias to look more toward adult faces than infant faces from birth to 6 month of age (Studies 1 and 2). Adult faces correspond to a frequently encountered category while infant faces represent a less frequently encountered category. We also showed a downturn of this familiarity bias as infants grow older (Study 3). The preferences showed by younger infants might be linked to a form of false recognition of the caregivers’ faces, due to the massive exposure to these faces. This pattern of preferences was not found in 3-to 12-month-olds presented with child and infant faces (Studies 4 and 5). Conversely, infants showed a tendency to prefer the less familiar faces, depending on their perceptual experience. We then studied 9- and 12-month-olds’ abilities to form categories of faces differing by age, i.e., adult, child, and infant faces, (Study 6). Twelve-month-olds formed discrete categories of adult and infant faces in one hand, and of child and infants faces on the other hand. Nine month-olds showed an asymmetric pattern of behavior, forming categories of child faces that exclude a new infant face, and categories of infant faces that include a new child face. All these infants being exposed to infant faces via nursery, the asymmetry might stem from the influence of the knowledge of this category of faces. In the last study (Study 7), we tried to provide more direct evidences of the link between face preferences and the distance from the prototype in two different populations: 12-month-old human infants, and 3-month-old macaque infants (Macaca mulatta). Preferences for faces close to the prototype in both species suggest a common mechanism leading to face preferences
Milhet, Sylvie. "Perception tactilo-kinesthésique du poids et appariements intermodaux entre le toucher et la vision chez le jeune bébé de moins de six mois : étude développementale". Paris 5, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA05H020.
Texto completoA series of experiments study the haptic bimanual perception of objects with identical or different weights, and intermodal matching between touch and vision in 2- and 4-month-olds infants. Results show that (1) out of visual control, infants can haptically discriminate between same and different weignt displays and (2) infants can match haptic information about weight difference or identity with subsequent visual information about a difference or identity between the levels of two objects hung to a scale beam. Moreover, 4-month-olds ara able to establish this relation from touch to vision and also from vision to touch. This result support the hypothesis of one information being amodal. To understand these matchings and their milits three others properties were studied. Infants are able to make intermodal matching when the discrepancy between haptic ans visual information is low. But, the infants fail when they have to rely on a non-perceptive cue to make the relation
Pierret, Anne. "Les potentiels évoqués visuels appliqués à l'étude de l'imagerie mentale chez l'homme". Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO1T214.
Texto completoGliga, Teodora Andreea. "Reconnaitre ses congénères : perception des aspects structurels du corps humain dans les premiers mois de la vie". Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066623.
Texto completoFaillenot, Isabelle. "Neuroanatomie fonctionnelle du traitement des propriétés visuelles des objets : études en tomographie par émission de positons chez l'homme sain". Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO1T236.
Texto completoKitromilides-Salerio, Elenitsa. "La perception visuelle des mouvements humains chez le nouveau-né, l'enfant et l'adulte". Grenoble 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009GRE29024.
Texto completoThis doctoral work aims at analyzing the role of motor-perceptual interactions in the visual perception of human movements. Most of studies showed that recognition of human movements was influenced by motor competences, whereas others on the contrary showed dissociation between motor abilities and perception. The aim of our research was to specify the implication of the motor competences in the visual perception of this type of movement. The experiment consisted in analyzing the perceptual preferences for locomotion movements and for morphocinetic movements (elliptical, circular) and the visual perception of the illusion of uniform velocity, which is observed in elliptical movements, in populations presenting quasi-null or variable motor competences (newborn babies, young children aged from 5 to 10 years). These experiments included movements respecting or not the motor constraints imposed by our skeleton (locomotion) and movements whose kinematics conform or not to the motor rules (two-third power law). The principal results indicate that newborns are able to discriminate human movements and are sensitive to the kinematics rules of motor production. Moreover, in the task of perceptual judgment a shift appear between motor competences and perceptual competences in children. Indeed, the phenomenon of the illusion of uniform velocity is more important in the young children and tends to decrease with the age. These findings suggest that the perceptual preferences and judgments do not fully depend on motor competences of the subjects. Taken together, these findings propose that visual perception of the human movements would not systematically imply an intervention of the motor system as stipulate motor theories of perception
Serres-Ruel, Josette. "Developpement des capacites attentionnelles du nourrisson entre 2 et 8 mois : role de la dynamique de l'interaction mere-bebe dans les differences individuelles". Paris 5, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA054022.
Texto completoBayet, Laurie. "Le développement de la perception des expressions faciales". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAS049/document.
Texto completoThis thesis addressed the question of how the perception of emotional facial expressions develops, reframing it in the theoretical framework of face perception: the separation of variant (expression, gaze) and invariant (gender, race) streams, the role of experience, and social attention. More specifically, we investigated how in infants and children the perception of angry, smiling, or fearful facial expressions interacts with gender perception (Studies 1-2), gaze perception (Study 3), and face detection (Study 4).In a first study, we found that adults and 5-12 year-old children tend to categorize angry faces as male (Study 1). Comparing human performance with that of several automatic classifiers suggested that this reflects a strategy of using specific features and second-order relationships in the face to categorize gender. The bias was constant over all ages studied and extended to other-race faces, further suggesting that it doesn't require extensive experience. A second set of studies examined whether, in infants, the perception of smiling depends on experience-sensitive, invariant dimensions of the face such as gender and race (Study 2). Indeed, infants are typically most familiar with own-race female faces. The visual preference of 3.5 month-old infants for open-mouth, own-race smiling (versus neutral) faces was restricted to female faces and reversed in male faces. The effect did not replicate with own- or other-race closed-mouth smiles. We attempted to extend these results to an object-referencing task in 3.5-, 9- and 12-month-olds (Study 3). Objects previously referenced by smiling faces attracted similar attention as objects previously cued by neutral faces, regardless of age group and face gender, and despite differences in gaze following. Finally, we used univariate (face side preference) and multivariate (face versus noise side decoding evidence) trial-level measures of face detection, coupled with non-linear mixed modeling of psychometric curves, to reveal the detection advantage of fearful faces (compared to smiling faces) embedded in phase-scrambled noise in 3.5-, 6-, and 12-month-old infants (Study 4). The advantage was as or more evident in the youngest group than in the two older age groups.Taken together, these results provide insights into the early ontogeny and underlying cause of gender-emotion relationships in face perception and the sensitivity to fear
Acerra, Francesca (1970. "Modélisation d'un aspect du développement cognitif : la reconnaissance des visages dans la première année de vie". Aix-Marseille 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AIX11071.
Texto completoCabrera, Laurianne. "Développement de la perception de la parole et du traitement auditif des modulations spectro-temporelles : études comportementales chez le nourrisson". Thesis, Paris 5, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA05H112/document.
Texto completoThe goal of this doctoral research was to characterize the auditory processing of the spectro-temporal cues involved in speech perception during development. The ability to discriminate phonetic contrasts was evaluated in 6- and 10-month-old infants using two behavioral methods. The speech sounds were processed by “vocoders” designed to reduce selectively the spectro-temporal modulation content of the phonetically contrasting stimuli. The first three studies showed that fine spectro-temporal modulation cues (the frequency-modulation cues and spectral details) are not required for the discrimination of voicing and place of articulation in French-learning 6-month-old infants. As for French adults, 6-month-old infants can discriminate those phonetic features on the sole basis of the slowest amplitude-modulation cues. The last two studies revealed that the fine modulation cues are required for lexical-tone (pitch variations related to the meaning of one-syllable word) discrimination in French- and Mandarin-learning 6-month-old infants. Furthermore, the results showed the influence of linguistic experience on the perceptual weight of these modulation cues in both young adults and 10-month-old infants learning either French or Mandarin.This doctoral research showed that the spectro-temporal auditory mechanisms involved in speech perception are efficient at 6 months of age, but will be influenced by the linguistic environment during the following months. Finally, the present research discusses the implications of these findings for cochlear implantation in profoundly deaf infants who have only access to impoverished speech modulation cues
Coulon, Marion. "Impact du langage sur la perception visuelle des visages par le nourrisson : D’une analyse globale aux aspects moteurs de la parole". Paris 5, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA05H113.
Texto completoFetuses perceive speech sounds in utero in a relatively intelligible manner. Infants are therefore born with sophisticated speech abilities. However, newborns see faces talking to them. What brings the visual modality in speech perception at birth? Moreover, much adult research evidenced the strong involvement of the motor system in speech perception. Language would thus be not uniquely audio-visual, but rather audio-visuo-motor. What is the origin of the links between perception and visuo-motor aspects of speech? In a first series of studies, we tried to determine the impact of talking faces in newborns and the conditions that allow their recognition. In a second series of studies, we specifically studied the audio-visuo-motor link in speech perception and this, in two experimental conditions, either by using facial imitation in newborns, either with intermodal auditivo-visual situations in 3-, 6- and 9-month-old infants. In this way, we wanted to know if the infants’ vocal experience could have an influence on the representations of heard vowels. The results revealed that the link between perceptive and motor aspects in speech perception are present already at birth, but that the phonological representations of memorized vowels are still fragile and become more robust as soon as the infant produce the vowel
Erzépa, Annabelle. "Le rôle de la participation active de l'enfant de 6 mois dans sa perception de la causalité". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/46548.
Texto completoArseneau, Isabelle. "La reconnaissance du visage du père par les enfants de cinq mois". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/46601.
Texto completoLhote, Myriam. "Le développement de la mémoire haptique de la naissance à quatre mois". Paris 5, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA05H092.
Texto completoBelot, Rose-Angélique. "Le nourrisson et son corps : regards croisés sur l'expression somatique du nourrisson (âgé de 1 mois 08 jours à 4 mois 15 jours), ses compétences et ses relations avec son environnement". Paris 5, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA05H002.
Texto completoThis research concerns a comparison of 2 groups of babies aged approximately from 1 to 4 months. 13 babies were in the first group and presented somatic symptoms in sleep, eating, digestion, breathing, and/or of the skin while the group 2 (also of 13) displayed none of these symptoms. The Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS) of T. B. Brazelton allows an evaluation of the different behaviors and capabilities of the 2 groups. Due to the importance of the level of psychological activity in the development of somatic difficulties in adults and taking into account the psychological and physical immaturity of the baby, the question of the quality of the mothers mentalisation was evaluated using Rorschach's and the TAT projective methods and by the definition of some specific factors. The importance of the father on the familiy environment was evaluated by a clinical interview with mother sometimes in the presence of the father, and by use of a symptom check list questionnaire. This research tool was modified during this study in order to adapt it to the very young babies encountered
Frichtel, Myriam. "L'utilisation des indices de perspective et de gradients de texture à partir d'un support bidimensionnel chez les bébés de 4-5 mois". Paris 5, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA05H043.
Texto completoWe are wondering whether infants may perceive the depth representation and more particularly the perspective at a two dimensional display. The passage from a three dimensional perception to a two dimensional representation witch may be a difficulty for infants. Six experiments are carried out. During these experiments, perspective situations are animated and shown to 4 and 5-month-old infants on a screen in a dynamic way. Their capacities of using perspective cues alone or combined with texture gradient cues are tested. Visual data are recorded: the looking time data and the gaze directions during the animation in using an eye-tracking-system. The habituation/reaction-to-strange-event paradigm is also used. Results indicate that 4 and 5-month-old infants can already perceive the representation of the perspective situation on a 2D display and yet the increasing number of visual cues can make their perception easier. Results and various methods are discussed in connection with theories
Boutkhil, Latifa. "Coopération entre les aires corticales pour l'acquisition des capacités de reconnaissance visuelle invariante : modélisation fonctionnelle". Paris, EHESS, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002EHES0121.
Texto completoWe can recognize objects despite changes of point of view, eye’s position, size, orientation, relative position or non rigid transformations of the object itself (for instance of a newspaper or a gymnast). How this cognitive ability can be learned? That’s the question we try to answer in that work, which slots in the Cognitive Science framework, coupling neuroscience, experimental psychology, and connectionist modelling in order to take into account the richness of the biological neural substrate and of the multiplicity of the infant’s learning. We try to describe a progressive use of different kinds of sensorial and motor information, from the maturation logic of the nervous system, in the same connectionist neural network, which’s combinatory resembles in the most closer way possible to the actual visual cortex system. Within the framework of this connectionist neural network, we focus on the problem of the acquisition of perceptive visual invariants, that we modularise in a series of different learning stages from the developmental data, and we are interested in the causal sequence generated by this network, linking for instance the development of ocular exploration and the development of infant’s perceptual abilities. The first chapter reminds the conceptual foundations of connectionism, pointing particularly on the relative invariance capacities and the limits of different “classical” neural networks models. In the first part of the second chapter, we propose a review of the data from neurobiology, experimental psychology relative to the architecture of the cortical visual system, analysed from the point of view of the objects coding for an invariant recognition. A foreword to this part will present a synthesis on the principal invariant recognition theories. The second part gives a review of the connectionist solutions to the invariant visual recognition problem, naming a classification of different kinds of neural networks models, biologically plausible or not, arranged in four big classes to get perceptive invariance: I) invariance through the input coding (local or global transformation), II) invariance thanks to changes of the neural network structure or correlation methods: III) invariance to perspective by interpolation between a collection of 2D views: a)memorization of prototypes by RBF connectionists networks and b) use of the information of the spatiotemporal continuity. With the concepts of the first, the third chapter focus on the neural processing, realized by the visual cortex, considered as an architecture of a network of “cortical column” networks. Within this connectionist paradigm, a functional benchmarking of the invariance capacities of such a model of the cortical visual system is proposed from two simulations on a network of transputers applied a task of characters recognition. The relative translation and scale invariance capacities obtained, result principally from the cooperation between two networks (the first one models the temporal way of the visual cerebral cortex, dedicated more particularly to the identification task, the second one models the parietal, dedicated to the perception of space and ocular exploration). In order to reach the goal of this thesis, which consists in finding the correspondences between the development stages of the infant’s visual system and the setting of functional relations that could allow perceptive invariance, the last chapter proposes a functional modelling, that posits at the different levels of the architecture of the visual system in maturation, the neural networks models detailed previously in the second part of the second chapter to solve the problem of invariant recognition. This functional modelling make reference to the mechanisms simulated in the second part of the third chapter
Fortier, Nathalie. "La reconnaissance du visage du père chez les nourrissons de cinq mois". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ51131.pdf.
Texto completoBisson, Caroline. "La reconnaissance du visage du père chez les nourrissons de trois mois". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/46827.
Texto completoRat-Fischer, Lauriane. "Cognitive, perceptual and motor bases for the acquisition of tool use in infants". Thesis, Paris 5, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA05H110/document.
Texto completoTool use is the ability to act on an object with another object. In human infants, this ability develops toward the end of the second year of life. Despite a recent resurgence of interest in the study of tool-use learning in infancy, very little is known about the developmental steps in this learning or the underlying mechanisms. The present thesis presents a series of investigations on the age and conditions under which infants learn to use a tool to retrieve an out-of-reach object. In a first cross-sectional study (Paper 1), based on a preliminary study on 5 infants followed longitudinally from 12 to 20 months of age (Appendices 2 and 3), infants aged 14 to 22 months were tested on a task involving the use of a rake-like tool to retrieve an out-of-reach toy. Infants' performance across variations in the spatial relationship between the rake and the toy was explored. The results showed that infants as young as 14 months of age succeeded spontaneously when the toy was initially placed against the rake or at least lay in the shortest trajectory between the rake and the infant. When the toy was placed at some distance from the rake, outside its shortest trajectory, infants only succeeded spontaneously at the task around 18 to 22 months of age. Likewise, when an adult demonstrated how to use the rake in the same spatial conditions, infants showed sensitivity to the demonstration only starting at 18 months of age. In a follow up of this study, a finer analysis of the data was conducted, which yielded insight on the age at which infants start to plan their action when using a tool (Paper 2). This analysis showed that before 18 months of age, infants were mostly influenced by their manual preference toward the right hand when grasping the tool. In contrast, starting 18 months, infants were more likely to vary the hand they used for grasping according to the toy's position in relation to the tool (right or left). These results show that infants who are in the phase of acquiring tool use are better able to anticipate the action than younger infants. One observation from these first cross-sectional and longitudinal studies was of particular interest. When the toy was attached to the rake, all infants were spontaneously able to successfully retrieve the toy starting at 12 months of age. This suggests that at this age, infants have already acquired the notion of composite objects. In a complementary study, a significant change was observed between 6 and 9 months of age in the understanding of the notion of spatial connectedness between objects. Starting at 8 months of age, infants befan to show visual anticipation toward the distal part of the composite object when grasping its proximal part. Thus, 8-month-old infants use the notion of connectedness when acting on composite objects. This is in line with results from previous studies showing that around 10-12 months infants pull a string to which an out-of-reach object is attached before trying to grasp the object. However, in a pilot study where 16-month-old infants were presented a choice of several strings, only one of which was connected to the out-of-reach object, infants did not systematically choose the connected string. This led us to an investigation of why, at 16 months, infants do not use the notion of connectedness between objects in order to solve this task (Paper 3). To do so a study was conducted comparing infants' performance on the multiple strings task (action condition) with their looking behaviours at the same multiple-string scene when an adult solved the task in front of them (vision condition). The results showed that only infants who succeeded at the task themselves were able to visually anticipate which string the adult had to pull in order to retrieve the object. Additionally, the results showed that lack of inhibitory control partly explains infants' failure at the task
Thibaut, Miguel. "Etude des capacités en vision périphérique chez le sujet sain et contribution de la pathologie (maculopathies)". Thesis, Lille 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL2S032/document.
Texto completoUnlike foveal vision that allows a detailed perception of our visual environment, the periphery only allows a coarse vision. This is why we have to move our eyes all the time in order to localize the image on the fovea, where spatial resolution is better. However, some diseases induce a loss of central vision and cause many difficulties in everyday life especially in reading, driving, face recognition and spatial cognition in general. Unlike word and face perception scene and object perception have had litte investigations in maculopathies in which people have to rely on peripheral vision. This thesis is based on the study of the capabilities of peripheral vision in scenes and objects perception.In the first part we studied scne perception at very large eccentricities in normally sighted young people. We show that, in spite of its low resolution, peripheral vision is efficient to recognize objects and scenes even at very large eccentricities (above 50°).In the second part, we investigated on effects of central vision loss on object and scene perception in identification and visual search tasks on small or realistic panoramic displays. We report a series of experiments showing that central vision loss induced a lower fixation stability which had a strong impact on object and scene and on visual search, especially in crowded conditions.These studies contribute to the understanding of the contribution of central and peripheral vision on object and scene gist recognition but also on the role of contextual information and how patients with central vision loss perceive real-world scenes
Ciantelli, Veronica. "Mythe et objet chez Walter Benjamin". Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0062.
Texto completoThis thesis presents an analyse of Walter Benjamin's reflection on myth from a very special point of view : things. Hidden, forgotten, lost, dreamed, objects contain traces of the past, but also fears, whishes and fantaisies that have haunted (and are haunting) collective and individual imagination. Based on his early writings, more particurarly "On langage in general and human langage" and the fragments of perception, this study brought out the connection between word and thing on wich Benjamin based the possibility of an interaction between the imagination and the inanimate's materials. Receptacles of images and symbols, objects don't trigger off only the process of recollection, but they also evoke an original perception of reality - happier, said Benjamin. The question of myth cannot be ignored, in his attempt to define a new form of experience, höherer Erfahrung, wich would be able to integrate the spiritual. Elusive elements, the symbols that flow into the collective mythology indicate the fullness as well as the danger for knowledge to open up to a dimension that borders the irrational. Finally, this work seeks to bring back Benjamin's work in his rightful position in the debate on the anthropological, psychological and sociological aspects of myth that appeared in the inter-war period between Germany and France. Through a reconstruction of biographical and theoretical links that united the members of Berlin philosopher College of Sociology, this study emphasizes the importance of this fondamental relationship and so far almost unexplored
Lafine, Florence. "Corps, affectivité et jeu de langage : du sensoriel au sens social, l'ontogènese possible de l'habitus et des représentations sociales chez le Bébé". Paris, EHESS, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EHES0166.
Texto completoThe aim of our project is to make a focus on the concept of habitus (Bourdieu) through the analysis of interactions between the baby and his environment. Our conceptual groundwork consists of three parts: The first one starts with the learning and acquisition of a language game (Wittgenstein) during the intra-uterine life. Throughout the five sense organs, the baby experiences various sensory lines performed in specific grammatical meanings. Based both on customary experiences and strange events, a perceptive sensory system with a proximal closeness is invented, included a social dimension. Thanks to it, the baby can ascribe an intelligibility to his native surrounding conditions, and he can afford to communicate and convey emotions. The second one relates how soon after birth the infant can afford to a more complex system, including a distal dimension. Thanks to the results of PILE, 2004-2008 (a research program on language, based on a qualitative database from video sequencies of babies in interaction with their mother), we can see how specifical conditions or troubles make different the developpement and the efficience of the language game. So that, the baby is differently introduced to self-discovery and to his social environment. The last part tries to describe and study the way of transmission of social meanings on which habitus and language forming are based. This transmission is only possible under the specific charge of affectivity in characteristic activities running social reference patterns. Language game, including a spatio-temporal dimension, will be the always active part of the processes involved with primary habitus and in the infant acquiring language
Bae, Jung Sook. "Etude exploratoire de l'évolution du langage d'une enfant francophone de 7 à 34 mois : psychologie de la perception auditive : principales théories et études empiriques". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999STR1PS03.
Texto completoPages, Sylvie. "Influence des variables différentielles sur les réponses motrices des bébés nés par voie naturelle et des bébés nés par césarienne à des stimulations auditives". Montpellier 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON14004.
Texto completoMarti, Geoffrey. "Rôle de multiples affordances dans la prise de décision et la régulation de l'action chez le conducteur : L'exemple du franchissement d'intersection". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4024.
Texto completoCrossing an intersection is a typical task in which several affordances coexist, one offering the possibilities to safely cross the intersection (the main goal) and another offering the possibilities to stop the driving car to avoid a collision (the alternative goal). Based on Gibson and Crooks’ works (1938), we formalized the so-called Field of Safe Travel (FST) and Minimum Stopping Zone (MSZ) affordances in terms of critical time for safe crossing and for safe stopping, respectively. Using a virtual reality set-up with a driving simulator, three experiments have been designed to test the role of these two affordances on the decision-making and the regulation of action process. Our results, supported by a model of decision-making, reveal that drivers rely not only on the FST affordance, but also on the MSZ affordance, to choose to cross-or-not the intersection. Moreover, the joint use of these affordances is still observed when drivers have to control their velocity to perform the task when either a vehicle with a computed kinematic or a car driven by another agent is approaching. Put together, these results show that drivers take into account several possibilities for action offered by the environment (FST and MSZ affordances) to make a suitable choice and to control their speed when approaching an intersection
González, Gómez Nayeli. "Acquisition de relations phonologiques non-adjacentes : de la perception de la parole à l’acquisition lexicale". Thesis, Paris 5, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA05H102/document.
Texto completoLanguages instantiate many different kinds of dependencies, some holding between adjacent elements and others holding between non-adjacent elements. During the past decades, many studies have shown how infant initial language-general abilities change into abilities that are attuned to the language they are acquiring. These studies have shown that during the second half of their first year of life, infants became sensitive to the prosodic, phonetic and phonotactic properties of their mother tongue holding between adjacent elements. However, at the present time, no study has established sensitivity to nonadjacent phonological dependencies, which are a key feature in human languages. Therefore, the present dissertation investigates whether infants are able to detect, learn and use non-adjacent phonotactic dependencies. The Labial-Coronal bias, corresponding to the prevalence of structures starting with a labial consonant followed by a coronal consonant (LC, i.e. bat), over the opposite pattern (CL, i.e. tab) was used to explore infants sensitivity to non-adjacent phonological dependencies. Our results establish that by 10 months of age French-learning infants are sensitive to non-adjacent phonological dependencies (experimental part 1.1). In addition, we explored the level of generalization of these acquisitions. Frequency analyses on the French lexicon showed that the LC bias is clearly present for plosive and nasal sequences but not for fricatives. The results of a series of experiments suggest that infants preference patterns are not guided by overall cumulative frequencies in the lexicon, or frequencies of individual pairs, but by consonant classes defined by manner of articulation (experimental part 1.2). Furthermore, we explored whether the LC bias was trigger by maturational constrains or by the exposure to the input. To do so, we tested the emergence of the LC bias firstly in a population having maturational differences, that is infants born prematurely (± 3 months before term) and compared their performance to a group of full-term infants matched in maturational age, and a group of full-term infants matched in chronological age. Our results indicate that the preterm 10-month-old pattern resembles much more that of the full-term 10-month-olds (same listening age) than that of the full-term 7-month-olds (same maturational age; experimental part 1.3). Secondly we tested a population learning a language with no LC bias in its lexicon, that is Japanese-learning infants. The results of these set of experiments failed to show any preference for either LC or CL structures in Japanese-learning infants (experimental part 1.4). Taken together these results suggest that the LC bias is triggered by the exposure to the linguistic input and not only to maturational constrains. Finally, we explored whether, and if so when, phonological acquisitions during the first year of life constrain early lexical development at the level of word segmentation and word learning. Our results show that words with frequent phonotactic structures are segmented (experimental part 2.1) and learned (experimental part 2.2) at an earlier age than words with a less frequent phonotactic structure. These results suggest that prior phonotactic knowledge can constrain later lexical acquisition even when it involves a non-adjacent dependency
Hoareau, Mélanie. "L'influence de l'input parental et des productions précoces sur la perception de la parole et l'acquisition du vocabulaire au cours de la première année de vie Infants' statistical word segmentation in an artificial language il linked to both parental speech input and reported production abilities". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019USPCB053.
Texto completoThe majority of infants acquire their native language relatively fast, yet the trajectory of their acquisition varies from one child to another. This is the case for example for the rate of vocabulary growth but also for some early speech perception abilities. Research studies conducted in psycholinguistics over the last two decades started to explore these individual differences, seeking to specify the factors that predict these differences on the one hand, and to further understand how these differences impact later language acquisition, including vocabulary, on the other hand. These studies focused mainly on the second year of life. The aim of this thesis is to complement this research, focusing on the first year of life. It aims to better characterize individual variability in three early speech processing abilities, to specify some of the predictors of these abilities, and to assess the impact of individual variability on vocabulary acquisition at 12 months. The speech processing abilities we investigated are: (1) audiovisual speech processing at 4 and 8 months, and more specifically infants' relative attention towards the eyes or the mouth of a talking face; (2) word form segmentation from a continuous speech stream, based on transitional probabilities between syllables at 8 months; and (3) familiar word form recognition at 12 months. The predictors that have been investigated are related to the quantity of parental speech input and to infants' early production skills. To this end, daylong recordings were collected longitudinally in infants' natural environment at 4, 8 and 12 months of age, using a device wore by the infants at home. Three quantitative measures were extracted from these audio recordings: (1) the number of words heard by the infants, (2) the number of conversational turns between a parent and his child and (3) the number of infants' vocalizations. Moreover, a qualitative measure of (4) babbling (inventory of produced sounds) was collected at 4 and 8 months of age through parental questionnaires. Regarding the links between input and early abilities, the results show that more parental input at 4 months is related to better auditory speech processing skills (word segmentation at 8 months and word form recognition at 12 months) but not to audiovisual speech processing. In addition, more parental input at 8 months is related to more receptive vocabulary at 12 months. Furthermore, the quantity of conversational turns is not linked to the abilities investigated here, but more conversational turns is linked to more expressive vocabulary at 12 months. Regarding the links between production and early abilities, the amount of vocalizations appears to only play a minor role in early abilities (limited to audiovisual speech processing) and is not linked to vocabulary at 12 months. However, a richer babbling repertoire at 8 months is linked to auditory (better segmentation skills) and audiovisual speech processing skills (less interest in the mouth) at the concurrent age and, to a lesser extent, to word processing abilities at 12 months. A more complex babbling at 4 and 8 months is linked to more vocabulary in production at 12 months. Lastly, regarding the predictors of early vocabulary, the results show that infants who look the most towards the mouth and who have better speech segmentation skills at 8 months have more vocabulary in production at 12 months. Taken together, our results help us highlight the existence of very early links between the amount of parental input, speech processing skills and vocabulary. These results also emphasize the importance of investigating infants' early production skills together with speech processing skills and vocabulary acquisition during the first year of life
Abboub, Nawal. "Étude d'un biais prosodique précoce : le cas de la loi iambo-trochaïque". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA05H106.
Texto completoThe goal of this doctoral dissertation was to explore the mechanisms underlying linguistic prosodic perception. Prosody is carried in the speech signal by a number of acoustic cues, including duration, intensity and pitch. Importantly for language acquisition, prosody could help infants learn words and word order in their native language. Therefore, we studied a mechanism that could support these early prosodic abilities: the iambic/trochaic law (ITL). The ITL (Woodrow, 1909; Hayes, 1995; Nespor et al., 2008) is a mechanism that organizes auditory perception and was proposed to have an important role not only in adult speech perception but also in language acquisition in infancy. The ITL states that sounds (e.g., syllables, musical notes, etc.) contrasting in intensity/pitch form pairs with initial prominence, i.e., a trochaic pattern (strong-weak or high-low), and those contrasting in duration form pairs with final prominence, i.e., an iambic pattern (short-long). However, languages differ in how these acoustic cues mark prosodic prominence both at the level of words and of phonological phrases. For example, French has no lexical stress but has phrase-final stress, the last syllable of the phrase being lengthened, creating a short-long pattern (duration-based iambic pattern). Conversely, in English or in German, lexical stress is usually on the first syllable, which has higher intensity and/or pitch (intensity- or pitch-based trochaic pattern). Listeners' language background is therefore likely to interact with the ITL bias. This thesis is divided into two main parts. First, in a segmentation / syllable pair recognition task, we found that sensitivity to the ITL was present in French and German adults (Exp. 1) and 7.5-month-old infants (Exp. 2). We found weak cross-linguistic differences between the two language groups for the intensity grouping in adults and infants. Secondly, using NIRS (Near InfraRed Spectroscopy), we measured cortical responses in newborns and demonstrated that sensitivity to the ITL was present at birth and were already influenced by the language the infants heard in utero (Exp. 3-6). Finally, we observed how language background influences the ability to discriminate lexical stress patterns in 10-month-olds (Exp. 7). Our findings show that bilingual infants simultaneously learning French and a language with variable lexical stress were able to discriminate stress patterns whereas monolingual French infants could not. Taken together, our results contribute to a better understanding of the developmental origin of the ITL, its modulation by linguistic experience, and language-specific processing and rhythmic preferences
Wagner, Sandra. "Dynamique des réponses olfactives au cours des deux premières années de la vie : impact des expositions aromatiques précoces et relation avec le comportement alimentaire". Thesis, Dijon, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013DIJOS058/document.
Texto completoThe role of taste on food preferences has already been investigated, however, little is known about the role of olfaction. The main objectives of this work were to assess infants’ olfactory responses, their dynamic during the first two years of life, and also their links with early food exposures, food liking and infants’ food neophobia. This work was conducted within a longitudinal study named OPALINE (Observatory of food preferences in infants and children). Olfactory responses were assessed, in 8-, 12- and 22-month-old infants, towards pleasant odours, such as vanilla, and unpleasant odours, such as fish. The results reveal that, from 8 months, infants can discriminate pleasant and unpleasant odours. However, only avoidance responses are observed towards some unpleasant odours; no attraction responses are highlighted during the first two years of life. Our results also suggest a plasticity of olfactory responses. Only responses towards some unpleasant odours are stable between two consecutive ages, suggesting that negative hedonic responses towards food odours would appear earlier than positive ones. Concerning the effects of early food exposure, it appears that the more an infant has been exposed, in utero or during breastfeeding, to some unpleasant food odours, the least s/he exhibits avoidance responses towards these food odours at 8 months, but not beyond. When complementary feeding has begun (8 months), olfaction does not seem to impact new food liking. However, at 12 months, olfaction can play a role of modulator in liking of the foods with strong flavour. This role is not observed anymore at 22 months. Our results also highlight that differential olfactory responses, and not gustatory ones, are linked to infants’ food neophobia suggesting that only odours contribute to the suspicion towards unfamiliar foods during the second year of life. This work stresses that early sensory exposures influence responses towards unpleasant odours at the onset of complementary feeding, which is a favourable period to food acceptance. Then, olfaction can play a role in food liking by acting as an alarm system protecting the infants against potentially harmful food
Grondin, Pierre. "La perception des objets impliqués dans des relations causales et non causales chez les enfants de 6 mois /". 2003. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=766662841&sid=18&Fmt=2&clientId=9268&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Texto completoBrosseau-Lachaine, Odile. "Évaluation de la perception visuelle chez le nourrisson et suite à un traumatisme craniocérébral léger chez l'enfant". Thèse, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/6351.
Texto completoErzépa, Annabelle. "Le rôle de la participation active de l'enfant de 6 mois dans sa perception de la causalité /". 2002. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=766607751&sid=35&Fmt=2&clientId=9268&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Texto completoBisson, Caroline. "La reconnaissance du visage du père chez les nourrissons de trois mois /". 2002. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=766607901&sid=19&Fmt=2&clientId=9268&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Texto completoArseneau, Isabelle. "La reconnaissance du visage du père par les enfants de cinq mois /". 2003. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=766575201&sid=2&Fmt=2&clientId=9268&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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