Tesis sobre el tema "Perception des formes – Chez le nourrisson"
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Spriet, Céline. "The development of visual object categorization". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 1, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LYO10231.
Texto completoVisual object categorization is at the interface between "seeing" and "thinking". Evidences from functional MRI (fMRI) studies have described an organization of the ventral stream by visual categories, especially between animate and inanimate entities, that decomposed into finer-grained distinctions. How does this specific organization come about in humans? This thesis presents a set of 4 studies addressing this issue. First, I will hypothesize that the first categories infants represent are constrained by these dimensions organizing object representation in the visual cortex (chapter 3) and study the role of brain maturation and experience in this representation (chapter 4). Then, I will investigate how the speed of presentation influences the animate/inanimate categorization in the first year of life and in adulthood (chapter 5), and what visual features act in this categorization in adults (chapter 6). Results show that infants will first be attracted by non-categorical visual features such as the size of stimuli, before completely relying on categorical features, representing first the animate and inanimate entities. This transition is essentially limited by the brain maturation. This first big categorization gets faster and faster with age, and can be based on low-level visual features, although the more features available, the better the categorization. I suggest that the brain maturation help infants to represent more and more visual features when growing up, allowing them to represent more (finer-grained) categories. This maturation also elicit an acceleration of the representation of the big animate/inanimate categorization with age. Part of this big categorization is actually already possible based on lower-level visual features that covariate with the categories, but adults’ behavior gets influenced by categories only when enough features are presented in the image
Lejeune, Fleur. "Perception manuelle de la forme des objets chez les enfants prématurés en période néonatale". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00648263.
Texto completoLejeune, Fleur. "Perception manuelle de la forme des objets chez les enfants prématurés en période néonatale". Phd thesis, Grenoble, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010GRENS039.
Texto completoPreterm infants receive inadequate sensory stimulations during a critical period of brain development. Touch seems to be a key modality in preterm infants. The aim of this thesis was to investigate early manual abilities in preterm infants. Therefore, we focused on manual haptic processing of object shape without vision control. This field of research remained hitherto unexplored in preterm infants. The first study investigated the abilities (intra-manual) to perceive in one hand the difference between the shape of two objects (prism vs. Cylinder) in preterm infants from 33 to 34+6 GW (Gestational Weeks). In a second study, we examined the development of these manual abilities depending on the degree of prematurity (three groups). Finally, in a third study, we investigated the abilities (inter-manual) of preterm infants from 33 to 34+6 GW to perceive and memorize an object's shape with one hand and to detect differences between two shapes in the opposite hand. Our results reveal that manual habituation and discrimination of object shape are present in preterm infants from 28 GW. In addition, preterm infants from 28 to 34 GW show recognition memory after haptic interference (presentation of a novel object) contrary to infants from 34 GW. This last result indicates qualitative differences between groups of prematurity. However, our results show no quantitative difference in manual performance between the three groups of prematurity. Finally, results reveal that an inter-manual transfer of shape information is present in preterm infants at 33 GW demonstrating the existence of communication between the two cerebral hemispheres. Overall, our results show that the preterm infant is already endowed with early tactile abilities. This thesis provides new theoretical insights concerning the development of tactile perception and opens new perspectives in the context of developmental care
Streri, Arlette. "Voir, atteindre, toucher : les relations entre la vision et le toucher chez le bébé". Paris 5, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA05H036.
Texto completoThe purpose of this thesis is to study the origins of the relations between perceptual systems such as touch and vision, and the development of their relations during the first year of life. The problem of the unity of senses at birth is old. This question has been answered to in two different ways : prehension of visual object and intermodal transfer or multimodal exploration. Prehension is a relation between the visual sense and the tactual motor system whereas intermodal transfer and multimodal exploration is a relation between senses. The two fields were studied separately until now and it became necessary to bring them together in order to have a complete view of the different relations between perceptual systems which organize our behaviour from birth. A complete analysis of the litterature in the two fields and our own experiments on intermodal transfer may suggest an early unity of the systems at birth. However, this unity is fragile in prehension and a reorganization of behaviour is observed which may be attributed to the development of the tactual motor system. The unity is established between sensory modes but the relations between vision and touch are not reversible at each age. This lack of reversibility may be attributed to the different speeds of the development of the two systems. We ask the question of the stages of cognition that the infants construct in the first year from perceptual and motor organization
Millêtre, Béatrice. "Habituation visuelle et traitement de l'information chez le nourrisson de 3 et 5 mois". Paris 5, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA05H063.
Texto completoVisual habituation is often considered as linked to information processing, but very few studies have emphasized the relations. Our work has tried to define the relations between visual habituation and information processing. At the end of our experiments, it clearly appears that informaiton processing is achieved before habituation is reached. Habituation can then be considered as involving two successive operations, the first during which information is encoded and a representation made, the second one during which the perceptive imput is compared with the preceeding mnemonic trace, and information recognized as the same. Habituation shows the sam two operations at 3 and 5 months
Rovira, Katia. "L'organisation perceptive et ses limites chez le bébé de 4 mois : capacités de discrimination et de catégorisation". Paris 5, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA05H081.
Texto completoThis work is dedicated to the study of the early perceptual organization. Following the theoretical presentation of the developmental approaches explaining the emergence of this process, we tested the sensibility of 4-month-old infants to the spatial relationships between elements belonging to a configuration. For this purpose, we used different configurations and their modifications in various discrimination and categorization situations. In a first experimental step, the configurations were made of 6 elements arranged around a vertical or horizontal virtual central axis. The modification was either a partial (2 elements) or complete (all elements) permutation around the central axis. In the discrimination task, babies had significant novelty reaction in the partial permutation condition and a preference for the familiar situation in the total permutation condition. The categorization activity was rarely observed. In a second experimental step, we used more or less regular configurations of 8 elements. The modification here consists in suppressing one element. In discrimination, the results showed both an effect of the fugure regularity level and an effect of the position of the suppressed element. We did not observe a categorization activity. This experimental work evidenced the early perceptual organization and its limitations in 4-monthold infants. The main result is that some relations are more easily perceived than others and the important change rate of stimulations in the categorization situation limits early perceptual organization
Ngon, Céline. "Issues in early phonological and lexical acquisition". Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066348.
Texto completoOver the last four decades, a growing body of research has been dedicated to the study of the cognitive mechanisms allowing infants to acquire their native language with remarkable ease. The present dissertation reports the findings of three experimental studies addressing crucial issues in phonological and lexical acquisition at different stages of development. In a first study, we explored the types of mechanisms driving the acquisition of a sound inventory. During the second half of the first year of life, infants’ phonetic perception is refined according to the native language structure, with speech sound discrimination declining for non-native contrasts and improving for native contrasts. However, a question that has remained unanswered is how to account for the order in which the different native categories are acquired. In particular, two hypotheses have been proposed: (1) a frequency-based hypothesis, according to which exemplars of sound categories occurring the most frequently in the input speech should be acquired earlier than less frequent categories; (2) a universal markedness hypothesis, according to which less marked sounds should acquire before more marked ones. To disentangle these two possibilities, we designed a cross-language developmental study, in which the discrimination of two non-native contrasts was tested across two languages at two ages, and in which the two hypotheses predict different developmental scenarios for the two languages. So far, the pattern of results seems to converge on the universal markedness account (though more robust data is needed to validate this hypothesis). However, we also argue that an alternative frequency-based explanation can account for our results. In a second study, we investigated the acquisition of a receptive lexicon. To detect word-forms in the speech stream, it has been suggested that infants rely on statistical coherence between syllables, a universal, language-independent cue that would help them get started with a first set of forms. While it is well-known that infants are sensitive to statistical cues, we provide unique evidence confirming that infants really make use of this available resource to build a lexicon. In particular, we exploited the fact that a purely statistical learning strategy should extract words but also high-frequency sound sequences that do not correspond to actual words. Infants’ receptive lexicon was simulated using a crude algorithm that extracts frequent disyllabic sequences from a corpus of French infant-directed speech, and recognition of such sequences was tested in a series of preferential listening experiments. French-learning infants of 11 months, an age at which their word segmentation capacities are still rudimentary, were found to recognize isolated high-frequency nonword sequences (e. G. Va faire, n’as plus) and fail to differentiate between these nonwords and actual words in the same frequency range (e. G. Canard, “duck”; ballon, “ball”). These results show that infants do apply statistical cues, guiding them to build a “protolexicon”, containing both words and nonwords, and which will later be pruned as robust segmentation abilities develop. In a third study, we examined the output phonological representations of words in French-learning infants of 21 months, an age at which they comprehend many words but often misarticulate them or do not attempt to produce them at all. We showed that they are able to covertly produce the phonological form of words that they do not yet produce overtly, and make internal (though coarse) judgments about their phonological length. In an anticipatory eye-movement procedure, infants were presented with images of objects whose labels they had to covertly produce and categorize according to their length. Crucially, the images represented objects whose labels were understood but not yet overtly produced by the infants, according to parental report. Successful categorization was measured by correct anticipations of the appearance of each object to a designated side on a screen (left or right), which was determined by the length of the object’s label. Infants’ performance was significantly above chance when words were monosyllabic and trisyllabic (e. G. Chat vs. Pantalon), and marginally so with words of a smaller phonological difference, i. E. Monosyllables vs. Disyllables (e. G. Chat vs. Ballon). These observations constitute unique evidence that infants possess output phonological representations for words before they start producing them. Together, these findings offer new insights into infants’ phonological and lexical development, from the perceptual abilities allowing them to recognize the sounds and word-forms of their language to the representations of words in the output lexicon. We discuss the interpretation of our experimental results and propose avenues for future research to answer new questions raised by our findings
Gendrin, Vincent. "Les formes graves de bronchiolite à virus respiratoire syncytial du nourrisson : à propos de 89 observations". Caen, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991CAEN3051.
Texto completoMartin-Malivel, Julie. "Perception et traitement d'images bidimensionnelles chez le babouin". Aix-Marseille 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX11062.
Texto completoGrondin, Pierre. "La perception des objets impliqués dans des relations causales et non causales chez les enfants de 6 mois". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/43100.
Texto completoManning, Hélène. "Modification de la perception tactile des formes chez la population âgée". Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/26968.
Texto completoPascalis, Olivier. "La mémoire à long terme chez le nourrisson de 4 jours à 6 mois". Aix-Marseille 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993AIX11053.
Texto completoCarchon, Isabelle. "Des relations à la coordination entre l'eil et la tête chez le nourrisson". Paris 5, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA05H057.
Texto completoTurati, Chiara. "Il riconoscimento del volto nei primi mesi di vita : l'emergere di un sistema cognitivo specializzato". Paris 5, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA05H068.
Texto completoBassot, Fabienne. "Les composantes sensori-motrices de l'activité visuelle chez le bébé prématuré". Paris 5, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA05H031.
Texto completoIt is suggested that the association of visual and cephalic systems may predict the eye-head coordination. No research has explored preterm's visuo-cephalic activity. The focus of this study was preterm's visuo-cephalic activity in two tasks : a pursuit and a peripheral detection task. 51 preterms infants, born at 32 weeks, were observed at 37 weeks in a semi vertical position. Four groups of preterms were observed either in one or both conditions : "head fixed" and "head free". Results show that preterm can follow a target moving horizontally at eye level and at a 30 cm distance. The pursuit covers 20 to 25 of the target's total course. Evenmore peripheral detection is observed when the target appears within a 30 angle. Eye displacements were predominantly saccadic in both tasks. Comparison of visual activity between conditions show that preterms perform better in "head fixed" than in "head free" condition. In the latter, two forms of pursuit are observed : a response of ocular pursuit and a response of ocular pursuit accompagnied by a cephalic movement oriented in the same direction. This "ocular-cephalic" pattern of response is characterized by an ocular localization followed by an accelerated cephalic movement
Damon, Fabrice. "Développement des préférences pour la familiarité chez le nourrisson". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAS033/document.
Texto completoThe purpose of this work is to examine of the development of face category formation using infants’ visual preferences. We investigated the mechanisms leading to differential face preferences by integrating them in the theoretical framework developed by Valentine (1991), the face-space. We proposed that the way perceptual experience shape the structure of the face-space is a determinant of infants’ face preferences. We postulated that faces close to the central tendency of the face-space (i.e., prototype) will be preferred. We first reported a bias to look more toward adult faces than infant faces from birth to 6 month of age (Studies 1 and 2). Adult faces correspond to a frequently encountered category while infant faces represent a less frequently encountered category. We also showed a downturn of this familiarity bias as infants grow older (Study 3). The preferences showed by younger infants might be linked to a form of false recognition of the caregivers’ faces, due to the massive exposure to these faces. This pattern of preferences was not found in 3-to 12-month-olds presented with child and infant faces (Studies 4 and 5). Conversely, infants showed a tendency to prefer the less familiar faces, depending on their perceptual experience. We then studied 9- and 12-month-olds’ abilities to form categories of faces differing by age, i.e., adult, child, and infant faces, (Study 6). Twelve-month-olds formed discrete categories of adult and infant faces in one hand, and of child and infants faces on the other hand. Nine month-olds showed an asymmetric pattern of behavior, forming categories of child faces that exclude a new infant face, and categories of infant faces that include a new child face. All these infants being exposed to infant faces via nursery, the asymmetry might stem from the influence of the knowledge of this category of faces. In the last study (Study 7), we tried to provide more direct evidences of the link between face preferences and the distance from the prototype in two different populations: 12-month-old human infants, and 3-month-old macaque infants (Macaca mulatta). Preferences for faces close to the prototype in both species suggest a common mechanism leading to face preferences
Milhet, Sylvie. "Perception tactilo-kinesthésique du poids et appariements intermodaux entre le toucher et la vision chez le jeune bébé de moins de six mois : étude développementale". Paris 5, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA05H020.
Texto completoA series of experiments study the haptic bimanual perception of objects with identical or different weights, and intermodal matching between touch and vision in 2- and 4-month-olds infants. Results show that (1) out of visual control, infants can haptically discriminate between same and different weignt displays and (2) infants can match haptic information about weight difference or identity with subsequent visual information about a difference or identity between the levels of two objects hung to a scale beam. Moreover, 4-month-olds ara able to establish this relation from touch to vision and also from vision to touch. This result support the hypothesis of one information being amodal. To understand these matchings and their milits three others properties were studied. Infants are able to make intermodal matching when the discrepancy between haptic ans visual information is low. But, the infants fail when they have to rely on a non-perceptive cue to make the relation
THOMINET, ISABELLE. "Hypophosphatasie : a propos d'un cas observe chez un enfant de sept mois ; revue de la litterature des formes neonatales et du jeune nourrisson". Reims, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991REIMM111.
Texto completoPoirel, Nicolas. "Traitement visuel global-local et identification chez l’enfant et l’adulte". Caen, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CAEN2033.
Texto completoA visual scene has different hierarchical levels of structure, from the most local elements to the largest global level of organization. To study the mechanisms that underlie global and local perception, Navon (1977) used compound stimuli, consisting of large letters composed of a suitable arrangement of small letters. In adults, two very reproducible effects were found: a global advantage and a global interference. These have been called the “global precedence effect” (GPE). This thesis aimed at studying interactions between global-local and identification processes. In a first experiment, we used compound stimuli composed of objects and non-objects. We showed that the global precedence effect could be inversed depending on the meaningfulness of the stimuli. In a second experiment we found, first, that the global level was always processed faster than the local level, irrespective of the meaningfulness of the material. Second, we found that the interference effect occurred only with meaningful stimuli. These results suggest that the GPE involves, on the one hand, “sensory mechanisms” and, on the other hand, “cognitive mechanisms”. We also studied how global and local processes evolve during childhood, according to the meaningfulness of the stimuli. We found evidence for an evolution from local preference at 4 years of age to adult-like global preference at 9 years of age. Moreover, we found that the effect of identification processes during the global-local task evolves during childhood. Finally, a forth study revealed that the way in which people deal with global and local information varies according to the inter-individual characteristic of field dependency. All these results underscore the fact that looking for meaning is crucial in the perception of visual scenes
Boyer, Marie-Monique. "L'Organisation spatiale des formes dans l'oeuvre plastique de l'enfant au Japon et en France". Lille 3 : ANRT, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37603408z.
Texto completoGliga, Teodora Andreea. "Reconnaitre ses congénères : perception des aspects structurels du corps humain dans les premiers mois de la vie". Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066623.
Texto completoKitromilides-Salerio, Elenitsa. "La perception visuelle des mouvements humains chez le nouveau-né, l'enfant et l'adulte". Grenoble 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009GRE29024.
Texto completoThis doctoral work aims at analyzing the role of motor-perceptual interactions in the visual perception of human movements. Most of studies showed that recognition of human movements was influenced by motor competences, whereas others on the contrary showed dissociation between motor abilities and perception. The aim of our research was to specify the implication of the motor competences in the visual perception of this type of movement. The experiment consisted in analyzing the perceptual preferences for locomotion movements and for morphocinetic movements (elliptical, circular) and the visual perception of the illusion of uniform velocity, which is observed in elliptical movements, in populations presenting quasi-null or variable motor competences (newborn babies, young children aged from 5 to 10 years). These experiments included movements respecting or not the motor constraints imposed by our skeleton (locomotion) and movements whose kinematics conform or not to the motor rules (two-third power law). The principal results indicate that newborns are able to discriminate human movements and are sensitive to the kinematics rules of motor production. Moreover, in the task of perceptual judgment a shift appear between motor competences and perceptual competences in children. Indeed, the phenomenon of the illusion of uniform velocity is more important in the young children and tends to decrease with the age. These findings suggest that the perceptual preferences and judgments do not fully depend on motor competences of the subjects. Taken together, these findings propose that visual perception of the human movements would not systematically imply an intervention of the motor system as stipulate motor theories of perception
Serres-Ruel, Josette. "Developpement des capacites attentionnelles du nourrisson entre 2 et 8 mois : role de la dynamique de l'interaction mere-bebe dans les differences individuelles". Paris 5, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA054022.
Texto completoBélanger, Claude. "Les implications des aires corticales visuelles dans la perception des formes chez le chat". Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 1986. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/5792/1/000560031.pdf.
Texto completoBayet, Laurie. "Le développement de la perception des expressions faciales". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAS049/document.
Texto completoThis thesis addressed the question of how the perception of emotional facial expressions develops, reframing it in the theoretical framework of face perception: the separation of variant (expression, gaze) and invariant (gender, race) streams, the role of experience, and social attention. More specifically, we investigated how in infants and children the perception of angry, smiling, or fearful facial expressions interacts with gender perception (Studies 1-2), gaze perception (Study 3), and face detection (Study 4).In a first study, we found that adults and 5-12 year-old children tend to categorize angry faces as male (Study 1). Comparing human performance with that of several automatic classifiers suggested that this reflects a strategy of using specific features and second-order relationships in the face to categorize gender. The bias was constant over all ages studied and extended to other-race faces, further suggesting that it doesn't require extensive experience. A second set of studies examined whether, in infants, the perception of smiling depends on experience-sensitive, invariant dimensions of the face such as gender and race (Study 2). Indeed, infants are typically most familiar with own-race female faces. The visual preference of 3.5 month-old infants for open-mouth, own-race smiling (versus neutral) faces was restricted to female faces and reversed in male faces. The effect did not replicate with own- or other-race closed-mouth smiles. We attempted to extend these results to an object-referencing task in 3.5-, 9- and 12-month-olds (Study 3). Objects previously referenced by smiling faces attracted similar attention as objects previously cued by neutral faces, regardless of age group and face gender, and despite differences in gaze following. Finally, we used univariate (face side preference) and multivariate (face versus noise side decoding evidence) trial-level measures of face detection, coupled with non-linear mixed modeling of psychometric curves, to reveal the detection advantage of fearful faces (compared to smiling faces) embedded in phase-scrambled noise in 3.5-, 6-, and 12-month-old infants (Study 4). The advantage was as or more evident in the youngest group than in the two older age groups.Taken together, these results provide insights into the early ontogeny and underlying cause of gender-emotion relationships in face perception and the sensitivity to fear
Boyer, Marie-Monique. "L'organisation spatiale des formes dans l'oeuvre plastique de l'enfant au Japon et en France". Paris, EHESS, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987EHES0045.
Texto completoThe study of spatial organisation of the forms in the painting of the child in japan and in France has fo sed mainly on how Japanese and French children perceive space and represent it. The comparative analysis of the paintings has aimed to disclose how "Japanese space" confronted to "French space", differ from each other or ressemble one another. In doing so, the comparative study has considered the psycho-physiolo gical factors and the cultural codes which intervent in the acquiring of the concept of space. The systematic analysis of the iconographic content has allowed to disclose the spatial relationship entertained by forms in the paintings, henceforth to establish types of spatial organisation which are specific to the Japanese paintings and specific to French paintings
Acerra, Francesca (1970. "Modélisation d'un aspect du développement cognitif : la reconnaissance des visages dans la première année de vie". Aix-Marseille 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AIX11071.
Texto completoLalitte, Philippe. "Ecriture et perception des grandes formes en musique contemporaine et, en particulier, chez Roger Reynolds". Paris 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA040194.
Texto completoThis PhD approaches the issue of musical time and form in the second half of the XXth century with the joint perspective of composition and perception. The first chapter describes inflluential conceptions of musical time, compositional strategies, functions and formal models for composers, as well as the main musicological theories concerning musical form. The second chapter is devoted to the semiotic square of musical form (definition,. Typological and syntagmatical approach). The third chapter is dedicated to R. Reynolds'The Angel of Death, work which allows a dual exploration of composition and perception. The fourth chapter reviews the principal studies and theories in psychology which address the subject and presents an experiment studying the perception of formal coherence. The end of the fourth chapter outlines a cognitive model describing the structuring of musical information and four levels of temporal coherence
Cabrera, Laurianne. "Développement de la perception de la parole et du traitement auditif des modulations spectro-temporelles : études comportementales chez le nourrisson". Thesis, Paris 5, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA05H112/document.
Texto completoThe goal of this doctoral research was to characterize the auditory processing of the spectro-temporal cues involved in speech perception during development. The ability to discriminate phonetic contrasts was evaluated in 6- and 10-month-old infants using two behavioral methods. The speech sounds were processed by “vocoders” designed to reduce selectively the spectro-temporal modulation content of the phonetically contrasting stimuli. The first three studies showed that fine spectro-temporal modulation cues (the frequency-modulation cues and spectral details) are not required for the discrimination of voicing and place of articulation in French-learning 6-month-old infants. As for French adults, 6-month-old infants can discriminate those phonetic features on the sole basis of the slowest amplitude-modulation cues. The last two studies revealed that the fine modulation cues are required for lexical-tone (pitch variations related to the meaning of one-syllable word) discrimination in French- and Mandarin-learning 6-month-old infants. Furthermore, the results showed the influence of linguistic experience on the perceptual weight of these modulation cues in both young adults and 10-month-old infants learning either French or Mandarin.This doctoral research showed that the spectro-temporal auditory mechanisms involved in speech perception are efficient at 6 months of age, but will be influenced by the linguistic environment during the following months. Finally, the present research discusses the implications of these findings for cochlear implantation in profoundly deaf infants who have only access to impoverished speech modulation cues
Coulon, Marion. "Impact du langage sur la perception visuelle des visages par le nourrisson : D’une analyse globale aux aspects moteurs de la parole". Paris 5, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA05H113.
Texto completoFetuses perceive speech sounds in utero in a relatively intelligible manner. Infants are therefore born with sophisticated speech abilities. However, newborns see faces talking to them. What brings the visual modality in speech perception at birth? Moreover, much adult research evidenced the strong involvement of the motor system in speech perception. Language would thus be not uniquely audio-visual, but rather audio-visuo-motor. What is the origin of the links between perception and visuo-motor aspects of speech? In a first series of studies, we tried to determine the impact of talking faces in newborns and the conditions that allow their recognition. In a second series of studies, we specifically studied the audio-visuo-motor link in speech perception and this, in two experimental conditions, either by using facial imitation in newborns, either with intermodal auditivo-visual situations in 3-, 6- and 9-month-old infants. In this way, we wanted to know if the infants’ vocal experience could have an influence on the representations of heard vowels. The results revealed that the link between perceptive and motor aspects in speech perception are present already at birth, but that the phonological representations of memorized vowels are still fragile and become more robust as soon as the infant produce the vowel
Erzépa, Annabelle. "Le rôle de la participation active de l'enfant de 6 mois dans sa perception de la causalité". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/46548.
Texto completoArseneau, Isabelle. "La reconnaissance du visage du père par les enfants de cinq mois". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/46601.
Texto completoLhote, Myriam. "Le développement de la mémoire haptique de la naissance à quatre mois". Paris 5, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA05H092.
Texto completoBelot, Rose-Angélique. "Le nourrisson et son corps : regards croisés sur l'expression somatique du nourrisson (âgé de 1 mois 08 jours à 4 mois 15 jours), ses compétences et ses relations avec son environnement". Paris 5, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA05H002.
Texto completoThis research concerns a comparison of 2 groups of babies aged approximately from 1 to 4 months. 13 babies were in the first group and presented somatic symptoms in sleep, eating, digestion, breathing, and/or of the skin while the group 2 (also of 13) displayed none of these symptoms. The Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS) of T. B. Brazelton allows an evaluation of the different behaviors and capabilities of the 2 groups. Due to the importance of the level of psychological activity in the development of somatic difficulties in adults and taking into account the psychological and physical immaturity of the baby, the question of the quality of the mothers mentalisation was evaluated using Rorschach's and the TAT projective methods and by the definition of some specific factors. The importance of the father on the familiy environment was evaluated by a clinical interview with mother sometimes in the presence of the father, and by use of a symptom check list questionnaire. This research tool was modified during this study in order to adapt it to the very young babies encountered
Frichtel, Myriam. "L'utilisation des indices de perspective et de gradients de texture à partir d'un support bidimensionnel chez les bébés de 4-5 mois". Paris 5, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA05H043.
Texto completoWe are wondering whether infants may perceive the depth representation and more particularly the perspective at a two dimensional display. The passage from a three dimensional perception to a two dimensional representation witch may be a difficulty for infants. Six experiments are carried out. During these experiments, perspective situations are animated and shown to 4 and 5-month-old infants on a screen in a dynamic way. Their capacities of using perspective cues alone or combined with texture gradient cues are tested. Visual data are recorded: the looking time data and the gaze directions during the animation in using an eye-tracking-system. The habituation/reaction-to-strange-event paradigm is also used. Results indicate that 4 and 5-month-old infants can already perceive the representation of the perspective situation on a 2D display and yet the increasing number of visual cues can make their perception easier. Results and various methods are discussed in connection with theories
Boutkhil, Latifa. "Coopération entre les aires corticales pour l'acquisition des capacités de reconnaissance visuelle invariante : modélisation fonctionnelle". Paris, EHESS, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002EHES0121.
Texto completoWe can recognize objects despite changes of point of view, eye’s position, size, orientation, relative position or non rigid transformations of the object itself (for instance of a newspaper or a gymnast). How this cognitive ability can be learned? That’s the question we try to answer in that work, which slots in the Cognitive Science framework, coupling neuroscience, experimental psychology, and connectionist modelling in order to take into account the richness of the biological neural substrate and of the multiplicity of the infant’s learning. We try to describe a progressive use of different kinds of sensorial and motor information, from the maturation logic of the nervous system, in the same connectionist neural network, which’s combinatory resembles in the most closer way possible to the actual visual cortex system. Within the framework of this connectionist neural network, we focus on the problem of the acquisition of perceptive visual invariants, that we modularise in a series of different learning stages from the developmental data, and we are interested in the causal sequence generated by this network, linking for instance the development of ocular exploration and the development of infant’s perceptual abilities. The first chapter reminds the conceptual foundations of connectionism, pointing particularly on the relative invariance capacities and the limits of different “classical” neural networks models. In the first part of the second chapter, we propose a review of the data from neurobiology, experimental psychology relative to the architecture of the cortical visual system, analysed from the point of view of the objects coding for an invariant recognition. A foreword to this part will present a synthesis on the principal invariant recognition theories. The second part gives a review of the connectionist solutions to the invariant visual recognition problem, naming a classification of different kinds of neural networks models, biologically plausible or not, arranged in four big classes to get perceptive invariance: I) invariance through the input coding (local or global transformation), II) invariance thanks to changes of the neural network structure or correlation methods: III) invariance to perspective by interpolation between a collection of 2D views: a)memorization of prototypes by RBF connectionists networks and b) use of the information of the spatiotemporal continuity. With the concepts of the first, the third chapter focus on the neural processing, realized by the visual cortex, considered as an architecture of a network of “cortical column” networks. Within this connectionist paradigm, a functional benchmarking of the invariance capacities of such a model of the cortical visual system is proposed from two simulations on a network of transputers applied a task of characters recognition. The relative translation and scale invariance capacities obtained, result principally from the cooperation between two networks (the first one models the temporal way of the visual cerebral cortex, dedicated more particularly to the identification task, the second one models the parietal, dedicated to the perception of space and ocular exploration). In order to reach the goal of this thesis, which consists in finding the correspondences between the development stages of the infant’s visual system and the setting of functional relations that could allow perceptive invariance, the last chapter proposes a functional modelling, that posits at the different levels of the architecture of the visual system in maturation, the neural networks models detailed previously in the second part of the second chapter to solve the problem of invariant recognition. This functional modelling make reference to the mechanisms simulated in the second part of the third chapter
Fortier, Nathalie. "La reconnaissance du visage du père chez les nourrissons de cinq mois". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ51131.pdf.
Texto completoBisson, Caroline. "La reconnaissance du visage du père chez les nourrissons de trois mois". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/46827.
Texto completoHillairet, de Boisféron Anne. "Apprentissage multisensoriel de lettres et de formes abstraites chez les jeunes enfants et les adultes". Grenoble, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010GRENS038.
Texto completoLearning to read in an alphabetic system requires children to understand that letters (graphemes) in written language correspond to sounds (phonemes) in oral language. To learn these novel associations requires several years of specific instruction. Using some methods early on to prepare children for this seems efficient, where the methods are designed to reinforce the link observed between perceptive and motor abilities during reading and handwriting acquisition. The main goal of this work was to understand the way manual haptic exploration of cursive letters can enhance pseudo-words decoding and handwriting fluidity in letters production in senior kindergarten children. To do so, we compared multisensory trainings involving haptic and visual modalities, in the proposed motor activities around the letters, to visual or haptic unisensory tranings. This work was realised according to two axes: for the first, in senior kindergarten children shown graphemes and phonemes, and for the second, in adults shown a new learning of unseen abstract forms and auditory stimuli. Results reveal that motor activity around letters and abstract forms does not enhance participant's memorisation despite exploratory motions intimately related to their shapes. Nevertheless, we showed in a robust way a more important associative learning of letters and sounds after a visuo-haptic exploration of letters. In addition, this enhancement is not only due to a more sequential exploration induced by the haptic modality but more to the motor activity per se. Haptic modality could be at the origin of a "binding" effect between visual and auditory stimuli. Finally, getting children into the habit of handwriting motion of cursive letters via a haptic exploration (arm robot device), enhances their handwriting fluidity. Demonstration of a static and dynamic model of letters could help children in the acquisition of some motor rules production (as strokes order and kinematics) and in the construction of more complete motor representations of letters. Taken together, results suggest a significant impact of the haptic exploration of letters in acquiring the skills of reading and handwriting and add weight to the suggestion that haptic exploration should be used in training programs designed to prepare children for acquiring these skills
Pelletier, Sylvie. "Évaluation des représentations de soi et des représentations d'objet chez trois groupes de sujets de structure de personnalité différente". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0018/MQ47546.pdf.
Texto completoDacher, Matthieu. "Rôle des récepteurs nicotiniques dans différentes formes de mémoire chez l'abeille Apis mellifera". Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00529094.
Texto completoLafine, Florence. "Corps, affectivité et jeu de langage : du sensoriel au sens social, l'ontogènese possible de l'habitus et des représentations sociales chez le Bébé". Paris, EHESS, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EHES0166.
Texto completoThe aim of our project is to make a focus on the concept of habitus (Bourdieu) through the analysis of interactions between the baby and his environment. Our conceptual groundwork consists of three parts: The first one starts with the learning and acquisition of a language game (Wittgenstein) during the intra-uterine life. Throughout the five sense organs, the baby experiences various sensory lines performed in specific grammatical meanings. Based both on customary experiences and strange events, a perceptive sensory system with a proximal closeness is invented, included a social dimension. Thanks to it, the baby can ascribe an intelligibility to his native surrounding conditions, and he can afford to communicate and convey emotions. The second one relates how soon after birth the infant can afford to a more complex system, including a distal dimension. Thanks to the results of PILE, 2004-2008 (a research program on language, based on a qualitative database from video sequencies of babies in interaction with their mother), we can see how specifical conditions or troubles make different the developpement and the efficience of the language game. So that, the baby is differently introduced to self-discovery and to his social environment. The last part tries to describe and study the way of transmission of social meanings on which habitus and language forming are based. This transmission is only possible under the specific charge of affectivity in characteristic activities running social reference patterns. Language game, including a spatio-temporal dimension, will be the always active part of the processes involved with primary habitus and in the infant acquiring language
Bae, Jung Sook. "Etude exploratoire de l'évolution du langage d'une enfant francophone de 7 à 34 mois : psychologie de la perception auditive : principales théories et études empiriques". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999STR1PS03.
Texto completoPages, Sylvie. "Influence des variables différentielles sur les réponses motrices des bébés nés par voie naturelle et des bébés nés par césarienne à des stimulations auditives". Montpellier 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON14004.
Texto completoGonzález, Gómez Nayeli. "Acquisition de relations phonologiques non-adjacentes : de la perception de la parole à l’acquisition lexicale". Thesis, Paris 5, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA05H102/document.
Texto completoLanguages instantiate many different kinds of dependencies, some holding between adjacent elements and others holding between non-adjacent elements. During the past decades, many studies have shown how infant initial language-general abilities change into abilities that are attuned to the language they are acquiring. These studies have shown that during the second half of their first year of life, infants became sensitive to the prosodic, phonetic and phonotactic properties of their mother tongue holding between adjacent elements. However, at the present time, no study has established sensitivity to nonadjacent phonological dependencies, which are a key feature in human languages. Therefore, the present dissertation investigates whether infants are able to detect, learn and use non-adjacent phonotactic dependencies. The Labial-Coronal bias, corresponding to the prevalence of structures starting with a labial consonant followed by a coronal consonant (LC, i.e. bat), over the opposite pattern (CL, i.e. tab) was used to explore infants sensitivity to non-adjacent phonological dependencies. Our results establish that by 10 months of age French-learning infants are sensitive to non-adjacent phonological dependencies (experimental part 1.1). In addition, we explored the level of generalization of these acquisitions. Frequency analyses on the French lexicon showed that the LC bias is clearly present for plosive and nasal sequences but not for fricatives. The results of a series of experiments suggest that infants preference patterns are not guided by overall cumulative frequencies in the lexicon, or frequencies of individual pairs, but by consonant classes defined by manner of articulation (experimental part 1.2). Furthermore, we explored whether the LC bias was trigger by maturational constrains or by the exposure to the input. To do so, we tested the emergence of the LC bias firstly in a population having maturational differences, that is infants born prematurely (± 3 months before term) and compared their performance to a group of full-term infants matched in maturational age, and a group of full-term infants matched in chronological age. Our results indicate that the preterm 10-month-old pattern resembles much more that of the full-term 10-month-olds (same listening age) than that of the full-term 7-month-olds (same maturational age; experimental part 1.3). Secondly we tested a population learning a language with no LC bias in its lexicon, that is Japanese-learning infants. The results of these set of experiments failed to show any preference for either LC or CL structures in Japanese-learning infants (experimental part 1.4). Taken together these results suggest that the LC bias is triggered by the exposure to the linguistic input and not only to maturational constrains. Finally, we explored whether, and if so when, phonological acquisitions during the first year of life constrain early lexical development at the level of word segmentation and word learning. Our results show that words with frequent phonotactic structures are segmented (experimental part 2.1) and learned (experimental part 2.2) at an earlier age than words with a less frequent phonotactic structure. These results suggest that prior phonotactic knowledge can constrain later lexical acquisition even when it involves a non-adjacent dependency
Hoareau, Mélanie. "L'influence de l'input parental et des productions précoces sur la perception de la parole et l'acquisition du vocabulaire au cours de la première année de vie Infants' statistical word segmentation in an artificial language il linked to both parental speech input and reported production abilities". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019USPCB053.
Texto completoThe majority of infants acquire their native language relatively fast, yet the trajectory of their acquisition varies from one child to another. This is the case for example for the rate of vocabulary growth but also for some early speech perception abilities. Research studies conducted in psycholinguistics over the last two decades started to explore these individual differences, seeking to specify the factors that predict these differences on the one hand, and to further understand how these differences impact later language acquisition, including vocabulary, on the other hand. These studies focused mainly on the second year of life. The aim of this thesis is to complement this research, focusing on the first year of life. It aims to better characterize individual variability in three early speech processing abilities, to specify some of the predictors of these abilities, and to assess the impact of individual variability on vocabulary acquisition at 12 months. The speech processing abilities we investigated are: (1) audiovisual speech processing at 4 and 8 months, and more specifically infants' relative attention towards the eyes or the mouth of a talking face; (2) word form segmentation from a continuous speech stream, based on transitional probabilities between syllables at 8 months; and (3) familiar word form recognition at 12 months. The predictors that have been investigated are related to the quantity of parental speech input and to infants' early production skills. To this end, daylong recordings were collected longitudinally in infants' natural environment at 4, 8 and 12 months of age, using a device wore by the infants at home. Three quantitative measures were extracted from these audio recordings: (1) the number of words heard by the infants, (2) the number of conversational turns between a parent and his child and (3) the number of infants' vocalizations. Moreover, a qualitative measure of (4) babbling (inventory of produced sounds) was collected at 4 and 8 months of age through parental questionnaires. Regarding the links between input and early abilities, the results show that more parental input at 4 months is related to better auditory speech processing skills (word segmentation at 8 months and word form recognition at 12 months) but not to audiovisual speech processing. In addition, more parental input at 8 months is related to more receptive vocabulary at 12 months. Furthermore, the quantity of conversational turns is not linked to the abilities investigated here, but more conversational turns is linked to more expressive vocabulary at 12 months. Regarding the links between production and early abilities, the amount of vocalizations appears to only play a minor role in early abilities (limited to audiovisual speech processing) and is not linked to vocabulary at 12 months. However, a richer babbling repertoire at 8 months is linked to auditory (better segmentation skills) and audiovisual speech processing skills (less interest in the mouth) at the concurrent age and, to a lesser extent, to word processing abilities at 12 months. A more complex babbling at 4 and 8 months is linked to more vocabulary in production at 12 months. Lastly, regarding the predictors of early vocabulary, the results show that infants who look the most towards the mouth and who have better speech segmentation skills at 8 months have more vocabulary in production at 12 months. Taken together, our results help us highlight the existence of very early links between the amount of parental input, speech processing skills and vocabulary. These results also emphasize the importance of investigating infants' early production skills together with speech processing skills and vocabulary acquisition during the first year of life
Abboub, Nawal. "Étude d'un biais prosodique précoce : le cas de la loi iambo-trochaïque". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA05H106.
Texto completoThe goal of this doctoral dissertation was to explore the mechanisms underlying linguistic prosodic perception. Prosody is carried in the speech signal by a number of acoustic cues, including duration, intensity and pitch. Importantly for language acquisition, prosody could help infants learn words and word order in their native language. Therefore, we studied a mechanism that could support these early prosodic abilities: the iambic/trochaic law (ITL). The ITL (Woodrow, 1909; Hayes, 1995; Nespor et al., 2008) is a mechanism that organizes auditory perception and was proposed to have an important role not only in adult speech perception but also in language acquisition in infancy. The ITL states that sounds (e.g., syllables, musical notes, etc.) contrasting in intensity/pitch form pairs with initial prominence, i.e., a trochaic pattern (strong-weak or high-low), and those contrasting in duration form pairs with final prominence, i.e., an iambic pattern (short-long). However, languages differ in how these acoustic cues mark prosodic prominence both at the level of words and of phonological phrases. For example, French has no lexical stress but has phrase-final stress, the last syllable of the phrase being lengthened, creating a short-long pattern (duration-based iambic pattern). Conversely, in English or in German, lexical stress is usually on the first syllable, which has higher intensity and/or pitch (intensity- or pitch-based trochaic pattern). Listeners' language background is therefore likely to interact with the ITL bias. This thesis is divided into two main parts. First, in a segmentation / syllable pair recognition task, we found that sensitivity to the ITL was present in French and German adults (Exp. 1) and 7.5-month-old infants (Exp. 2). We found weak cross-linguistic differences between the two language groups for the intensity grouping in adults and infants. Secondly, using NIRS (Near InfraRed Spectroscopy), we measured cortical responses in newborns and demonstrated that sensitivity to the ITL was present at birth and were already influenced by the language the infants heard in utero (Exp. 3-6). Finally, we observed how language background influences the ability to discriminate lexical stress patterns in 10-month-olds (Exp. 7). Our findings show that bilingual infants simultaneously learning French and a language with variable lexical stress were able to discriminate stress patterns whereas monolingual French infants could not. Taken together, our results contribute to a better understanding of the developmental origin of the ITL, its modulation by linguistic experience, and language-specific processing and rhythmic preferences
Alioua, Nawal. "Extraction et analyse des caractéristiques faciales : application à l'hypovigilance chez le conducteur". Thesis, Rouen, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAM0002/document.
Texto completoStudying facial features has attracted increasing attention in both academic and industrial communities. Indeed, these features convey nonverbal information that plays a key role in humancommunication. Moreover, they are very useful to allow human-machine interactions. Therefore, the automatic study of facial features is an important task for various applications includingrobotics, human-machine interfaces, behavioral science, clinical practice and monitoring driver state. In this thesis, we focus our attention on monitoring driver state through its facial features analysis. This problematic solicits a universal interest caused by the increasing number of road accidents, principally induced by deterioration in the driver vigilance level, known as hypovigilance. Indeed, we can distinguish three hypovigilance states. The first and most critical one is drowsiness, which is manifested by an inability to keep awake and it is characterized by microsleep intervals of 2-6 seconds. The second one is fatigue, which is defined by the increasing difficulty of maintaining a task and it is characterized by an important number of yawns. The third and last one is the inattention that occurs when the attention is diverted from the driving activity and it is characterized by maintaining the head pose in a non-frontal direction.The aim of this thesis is to propose facial features based approaches allowing to identify driver hypovigilance. The first approach was proposed to detect drowsiness by identifying microsleepintervals through eye state analysis. The second one was developed to identify fatigue by detecting yawning through mouth analysis. Since no public hypovigilance database is available,we have acquired and annotated our own database representing different subjects simulating hypovigilance under real lighting conditions to evaluate the performance of these two approaches. Next, we have developed two driver head pose estimation approaches to detect its inattention and also to determine its vigilance level even if the facial features (eyes and mouth) cannot be analyzed because of non-frontal head positions. We evaluated these two estimators on the public database Pointing'04. Then, we have acquired and annotated a driver head pose database to evaluate our estimators in real driving conditions
Wagner, Sandra. "Dynamique des réponses olfactives au cours des deux premières années de la vie : impact des expositions aromatiques précoces et relation avec le comportement alimentaire". Thesis, Dijon, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013DIJOS058/document.
Texto completoThe role of taste on food preferences has already been investigated, however, little is known about the role of olfaction. The main objectives of this work were to assess infants’ olfactory responses, their dynamic during the first two years of life, and also their links with early food exposures, food liking and infants’ food neophobia. This work was conducted within a longitudinal study named OPALINE (Observatory of food preferences in infants and children). Olfactory responses were assessed, in 8-, 12- and 22-month-old infants, towards pleasant odours, such as vanilla, and unpleasant odours, such as fish. The results reveal that, from 8 months, infants can discriminate pleasant and unpleasant odours. However, only avoidance responses are observed towards some unpleasant odours; no attraction responses are highlighted during the first two years of life. Our results also suggest a plasticity of olfactory responses. Only responses towards some unpleasant odours are stable between two consecutive ages, suggesting that negative hedonic responses towards food odours would appear earlier than positive ones. Concerning the effects of early food exposure, it appears that the more an infant has been exposed, in utero or during breastfeeding, to some unpleasant food odours, the least s/he exhibits avoidance responses towards these food odours at 8 months, but not beyond. When complementary feeding has begun (8 months), olfaction does not seem to impact new food liking. However, at 12 months, olfaction can play a role of modulator in liking of the foods with strong flavour. This role is not observed anymore at 22 months. Our results also highlight that differential olfactory responses, and not gustatory ones, are linked to infants’ food neophobia suggesting that only odours contribute to the suspicion towards unfamiliar foods during the second year of life. This work stresses that early sensory exposures influence responses towards unpleasant odours at the onset of complementary feeding, which is a favourable period to food acceptance. Then, olfaction can play a role in food liking by acting as an alarm system protecting the infants against potentially harmful food
Grondin, Pierre. "La perception des objets impliqués dans des relations causales et non causales chez les enfants de 6 mois /". 2003. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=766662841&sid=18&Fmt=2&clientId=9268&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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