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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Perceived magnitude"

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Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 11 de marzo de 2023

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1

Matthews, Harold, Harold Hill y Stephen Palmisano. "Binocular Disparity Magnitude Affects Perceived Depth Magnitude despite Inversion of Depth Order". Perception 40, n.º 8 (enero de 2011): 975–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p6915.

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2

Cutone, Matthew y Laurie Wilcox. "Distortions in perceived depth magnitude for stereoscopic surfaces". Journal of Vision 17, n.º 10 (31 de agosto de 2017): 317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/17.10.317.

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3

Hadera, Etsedingl, Endalamaw Salelew, Eshetu Girma, Sandra Dehning, Kristina Adorjan y Markos Tesfaye. "Magnitude and Associated Factors of Perceived Stigma among Adults with Mental Illness in Ethiopia". Psychiatry Journal 2019 (27 de marzo de 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/8427561.

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Background. Many people with mental illness perceive and experience stigma caused by other people’s knowledge, attitudes, and behavior. The stigma can lead to patients’ impoverishment, social marginalization, poor adherence to medication, and low quality of life, worsen the disease, decrease health-seeking behavior, and have a negative impact on socioeconomic well-being. Therefore, this study aimed to explore these issues. Objective. To assess the magnitude and associated factors of perceived stigma among adults with mental illness in an Ethiopian setting. Methods. A facility-based, cross-sectional study design with a consecutive sampling technique was employed from September 1 to 30, 2012. Data for perceived stigma were assessed by using the perceived devaluation-discrimination (PDD) scale from new or returning patients. The data was analyzed by using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. The results were described with the frequency table, graph, mean, and standard deviation. Bivariate analysis was used to get candidate variables for multivariate logistic regression analysis. Variables with a P value of < 0.05 at multivariate analysis were considered statistically associated with perceived stigma. Results. A total of 384 participants were interviewed and the response rate was 100%. The prevalence of high and low perceived stigma was 51% and 44%, respectively. Having substance use history (AOR=0.6, 95% CI: 0.4–0.9) and family support (AOR=2.5, 95% CI: 1.5–4.3) and medication side effects (AOR=0.6, 95% CI: 0.5–0.8) were associated statistically with higher perceived stigma of people with mental illness. Conclusion. Perceived stigma is a major problem of adults with mental illness in this outpatient setting in Ethiopia. Patients who had substance use and family support and medication side effects were more likely to have high perceived stigma. Therefore, screening and management of substance use, social support, and medication side effect should be strengthened for people with mental illness.

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4

Aida, Saori, Koichi Shimono y Wa James Tam. "Magnitude of perceived depth of multiple stereo transparent surfaces". Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics 77, n.º 1 (14 de agosto de 2014): 190–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13414-014-0746-8.

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5

Allik, Jüri y Aleksander Pulver. "Magnitude of luminance modulation specifies amplitude of perceived movement". Perception & Psychophysics 57, n.º 1 (enero de 1995): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03211847.

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6

Tsirlin, I., L. Wilcox y R. Allison. "Size matters: Perceived depth magnitude varies with stimulus height". Journal of Vision 14, n.º 10 (22 de agosto de 2014): 977. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/14.10.977.

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7

Tsirlin, Inna, Laurie M. Wilcox y Robert S. Allison. "Size matters: Perceived depth magnitude varies with stimulus height". Vision Research 123 (junio de 2016): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2016.04.006.

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8

Jones, Lynette A. "Perceptual constancy and the perceived magnitude of muscle forces". Experimental Brain Research 151, n.º 2 (1 de julio de 2003): 197–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00221-003-1434-4.

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9

Killian, K. J., E. Summers, M. Basalygo y E. J. Campbell. "Effect of frequency on perceived magnitude of added loads to breathing". Journal of Applied Physiology 58, n.º 5 (1 de mayo de 1985): 1616–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1985.58.5.1616.

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Using open-magnitude scaling, six normal subjects estimated the perceived magnitude of a range of added elastic loads (20–76 cmH2O/l), applied for a sequence of five breaths, at frequencies varying from 5 to 26.4 breaths/min. Two experiments were performed. In the first, frequency was increased by a reduction in expiratory duration (TE), and the duty cycle (ratio of inspiratory duration to total breath duration, TI/TT) ranged between 0.10 and 0.52. The perceived magnitude psi increased significantly with the peak airway pressure (Pm) (P less than 0.0001) but did not reach conventional significance with frequency (fb) (P = 0.15): psi = K0Pm1.23fb0.07 (r = 0.911). However, the sensory magnitude increased significantly as the duty cycle increased (P less than 0.01), but when it was included, the magnitude decreased minimally with frequency (P less than 0.01): psi = K0Pm1.3fb-0.97 TI/TT1.14 (r = 0.92). In the second experiment the duty cycle (TI/TT) was kept constant [(0.43 +/- 0.008 (SE)] and frequency (5–26.4 breaths/min) increased at the expense of shortening both TI and TE. The perceived magnitude of the added elastances decreased with the increase in frequency. However, when the perceived magnitude was corrected for the duration of inspiration, which is known to increase the sensory magnitude, psi = K0Pm1.3TI0.56, the sensory magnitude increased significantly with frequency (P less than 0.001): psi/TI0.56 = K0Pm1.21fb0.28 (r = 0.773). The decrease in inspiratory duration had a greater quantitative effect decreasing sensory magnitude than frequency had on increasing the magnitude. The effect of increasing frequency is complex and depends on the simultaneous intensity, duration of inspiratory pressure, and the duty cycle.

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10

Rollman, Gary B. y Georgina Harris. "The detectability, discriminability, and perceived magnitude of painful electrical shock". Perception & Psychophysics 42, n.º 3 (mayo de 1987): 257–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03203077.

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11

Baird, John C., Birgitta Berglund y Mats J. Olsson. "Magnitude estimation of perceived odor intensity: Empirical and theoretical properties." Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 22, n.º 1 (1996): 244–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0096-1523.22.1.244.

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12

Lee, Hunjae, Jongsoo Baek y Sang Chul Chong. "Perceived magnitude of visual displays: Area, numerosity, and mean size". Journal of Vision 16, n.º 3 (12 de febrero de 2016): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/16.3.12.

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13

Necessary, James R. y Thomas S. Parish. "Are we as we Act or as we See Ourselves to Be?" Perceptual and Motor Skills 79, n.º 3 (diciembre de 1994): 1232–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1994.79.3.1232.

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125 college students' self-concepts were significantly correlated with their own perceived behaviors, as well as with seven (of 11) other traits or characteristics measured. Perceived behaviors, however, did not correlate significantly with as many of these other traits. All rs are low in magnitude and account for little variance. These findings suggest that we may not perceive our own actions as clearly as the person we see ourselves to be.

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14

Baliki, M. N., P. Y. Geha y A. V. Apkarian. "Parsing Pain Perception Between Nociceptive Representation and Magnitude Estimation". Journal of Neurophysiology 101, n.º 2 (febrero de 2009): 875–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.91100.2008.

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Assessing the size of objects rapidly and accurately clearly has survival value. A central multisensory module for subjective magnitude assessment is therefore highly likely, suggested by psychophysical studies, and proposed on theoretical grounds. Given that pain perception is fundamentally an assessment of stimulus intensity, it must necessarily engage such a central module. Accordingly, we compared functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) activity of pain magnitude ratings to matched visual magnitude ratings in 14 subjects. We show that brain activations segregate into two groups, one preferentially activated for pain and another equally activated for both visual and pain magnitude ratings. The properties of regions in the first group were consistent with encoding nociception, whereas those in the second group with attention and task control. Insular cortex responses similarly segregated to a pain-specific area and an area (extending to the lateral prefrontal cortex) conjointly representing perceived magnitudes for pain and vision. These two insular areas were differentiated by their relationship to task variance, ability to encode perceived magnitudes for each stimulus epoch, temporal delay differences, and brain intrinsic functional connectivity. In a second group of subjects ( n = 11) we contrasted diffusion tensor imaging–based white matter connectivity for these two insular areas and observed anatomical connectivity closely corresponding to the functional connectivity identified with fMRI. These results demonstrate that pain perception is due to the transformation of nociceptive representation into subjective magnitude assessment within the insula. Moreover, we argue that we have identified a multisensory cortical area for “how much” complementary and analogous to the “where” and “what” as described for central visual processing.

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15

Teigen, Karl Halvor, Erik Løhre y Sigrid Møyner Hohle. "The boundary effect: Perceived post hoc accuracy of prediction intervals". Judgment and Decision Making 13, n.º 4 (julio de 2018): 309–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1930297500009190.

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AbstractPredictions of magnitudes (costs, durations, environmental events) are often given as uncertainty intervals (ranges). When are such forecasts judged to be correct? We report results of four experiments showing that forecasted ranges of expected natural events (floods and volcanic eruptions) are perceived as accurate when an observed magnitude falls inside or at the boundary of the range, with little regard to its position relative to the “most likely” (central) estimate. All outcomes that fell inside a wide interval were perceived as equally well captured by the forecast, whereas identical outcomes falling outside a narrow range were deemed to be incorrectly predicted, in proportion to the magnitude of deviation. In these studies, ranges function as categories, with boundaries distinguishing between right or wrong predictions, even for outcome distributions that are acknowledged as continuous, and for boundaries that are arbitrarily defined (for instance, when the narrow prediction interval is defined as capturing 50 percent and the wide 90 percent of all potential outcomes). However, the boundary effect is affected by label. When the upper limit of a range is described as a value that “can” occur (Experiment 5), outcomes both below and beyond this value were regarded as consistent with the forecast.

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16

Alteras-Webb, Sabina y Debra K. Dekker. "Measuring Perceived Task Difficulty Using Magnitude Estimation: A Demonstration and Replication". Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 38, n.º 4 (octubre de 1994): 335–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129403800431.

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The proliferation of sedentary, more cognitively demanding computer-mediated work, calls attention to the need for methods to measure mental work load. The present research describes two experiments in which participants performed a machine paced task of entering five and/or nine digit zip codes into a computer. The zip code data was presented on a computer screen for twelve four minute trials where the rate of zip code presentation varied from trial to trial. Using the psychophysical scaling method of magnitude estimation, participants made a judgment of task difficulty after each trial period. In Experiment 1, four females participated in a repeated measures within-subjects design performing each digit task condition for five consecutive days. In Experiment 2, a between-subjects design was adopted where 42 females performed either the five or the nine digit data-entry for only one testing session. Regression analyses using the independent variable of stimulus presentation rate and the dependent variable of judgments of perceived difficulty resulted in R2s of .90 or better for both digit conditions in both experiments. T-tests were conducted to see if different task parameters would affect difficulty judgments; these were statistically significant to the .001 level in both experiments. The results support the notion that magnitude estimation is a reliable method for scaling subjective perceptions of difficulty, which may be an important component of mental workload.

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17

Cardello, Armand V., Howard G. Schutz, Larry L. Lesher y Ellen Merrill. "Development and testing of a labeled magnitude scale of perceived satiety". Appetite 44, n.º 1 (febrero de 2005): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2004.05.007.

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18

Calear, Alison L., Kathleen M. Griffiths y Helen Christensen. "Personal and perceived depression stigma in Australian adolescents: Magnitude and predictors". Journal of Affective Disorders 129, n.º 1-3 (marzo de 2011): 104–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2010.08.019.

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19

Hellman, Rhona P. "Perceived magnitude of two‐tone‐noise complexes: Loudness, annoyance, and noisiness". Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 77, n.º 4 (abril de 1985): 1497–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.392044.

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20

Sharma, T. R., V. Yeh, S. Debanne y J. S. Bordeaux. "196 Perceived magnitude of skin cancer risk reduction predicts sunscreen use". Journal of Investigative Dermatology 137, n.º 5 (mayo de 2017): S33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jid.2017.02.211.

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21

Maggie, Ka-Po, Kam-Hong Chau, Chi-Wai Kan y Jin-tu Fan. "Magnitude Estimation Approach for Assessing Stickiness Sensation Perceived in Wet Fabrics". Fibers and Polymers 19, n.º 11 (noviembre de 2018): 2418–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12221-018-8626-9.

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22

Bai, Xueqiong, Ningfang Liao y Wenmin Wu. "Assessment of Camouflage Effectiveness Based on Perceived Color Difference and Gradient Magnitude". Sensors 20, n.º 17 (19 de agosto de 2020): 4672. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20174672.

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We propose a new model to assess the effectiveness of camouflage in terms of perceived color difference and gradient magnitude. The “image color similarity index” (ICSI) and gradient magnitude similarity deviation (GMSD) were employed to analyze color and texture differences, respectively, between background and camouflage images. Information entropy theory was used to calculate weights for each metric, yielding an overall camouflage effectiveness metric. During the analysis process, both spatial and color perceptions of the human visual system (HVS) were considered, to mimic real-world observations. Subjective tests were used to compare our proposed method with previous methods, and our results confirmed the validity of assessing camouflage effectiveness based on perceived color difference and gradient magnitude.

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23

Kitada, Ryo, Norihiro Sadato y Susan J. Lederman. "Tactile Perception of Nonpainful Unpleasantness in Relation to Perceived Roughness: Effects of Inter-Element Spacing and Speed of Relative Motion of Rigid 2-D Raised-Dot Patterns at Two Body Loci". Perception 41, n.º 2 (1 de enero de 2012): 204–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p7168.

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Rigid surfaces consisting of spatially jittered 2-D raised-dot patterns with different inter-element spacings were moved back and forth across the skin at three different speeds (10-fold range). Within each psychophysical experiment, participants numerically estimated the perceived magnitude of either unpleasantness (nonpainful) or roughness of 2-D raised-dot surfaces applied to two stationary body sites (experiment 1: fingers; experiment 2: forearm). The psychophysical functions for the two types of perceptual judgment were highly similar at both body loci; more specifically, the perceived magnitude of unpleasantness and roughness both increased monotonically as a power function of increasing inter-element spacing, with the rate of growth declining at the upper end of the continuum. These results suggest that inter-element spacing is a critical determinant of the perceived magnitude of unpleasantness (nonpainful), as well as of roughness. Each perceptual judgment also increased as a function of increasing relative speed at both body loci. However, the magnitude of this effect was significantly greater for perceived unpleasantness than for perceived roughness; conversely, the speed effect was significantly greater on the forearm than on the fingers. Several possible explanations for these findings are considered.

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24

Kawabata, Nobuo. "Depth Perception in Simple Line Drawings". Perceptual and Motor Skills 85, n.º 3 (diciembre de 1997): 1043–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1997.85.3.1043.

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Three-dimensional interpretation of simple line drawings, composed of two triangles with a common side, was studied through the quantitative measurement of perceived orientation of the surface indicated by a stimulus figure. In a single triangle, depth perception is ambiguous and is not stable even if perceived. In two triangles with a common side, however, depth is stably perceived. Depth effect, defined as the magnitude of the angle formed by the two perceived surfaces, increased linearly as the magnitude of an angle at a vertex facing the common side became larger. The depth effect did not vary significantly for the change of a triangular form when the magnitude of the angle at the vertex facing the common side was constant. These results suggest that the depth effect changes systematically with variation in the triangle's form

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25

Kantor‐Martynuska, Joanna. "The listener's temperament and perceived tempo and loudness of music". European Journal of Personality 23, n.º 8 (diciembre de 2009): 655–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.734.

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The relationship between the listener's temperament and perceived magnitude of tempo and loudness of music was studied using the techniques of magnitude production, magnitude estimation scaling and cross‐modal matching. Four piano pieces were presented at several levels of tempo and loudness. In Study 1, participants adjusted tempo and loudness of music to their subjective level of comfort. In Study 2, participants estimated these parameters on a numerical scale and matched the length of a line segment to the estimates of these musical features. The results showed significant correlations of selected aspects of perceived tempo with perseveration and endurance as well as of selected aspects of perceived loudness with endurance and emotional reactivity. Perceived tempo and loudness, as measured by magnitude production and cross‐modal matching tasks, do not seem to systematically correlate with the six formal characteristics of behaviour distinguished in the most recent version of the Regulative Theory of Temperament (RTT). Additionally, there is some evidence that they are selectively associated with reactivity and activity, the dimensions of a previous version of the RTT. The study extends the methodology of research on music preferences and the stimulatory value of music. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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26

Stewart, Michael J. y Peter J. Ellery. "Sources and Magnitude of Perceived Psychological Stress in High School Volleyball Officials". Perceptual and Motor Skills 87, n.º 3_suppl (diciembre de 1998): 1275–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1998.87.3f.1275.

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27

Da Silva, José Aparecido, Erasmo Miessa Ruiz y Suzi Lippi Marques. "Individual differences in magnitude estimates of inferred, remembered, and perceived geographical distance". Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society 25, n.º 4 (abril de 1987): 240–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03330343.

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28

Arshad, Q., Y. Nigmatullina, R. E. Roberts, U. Goga, M. Pikovsky, S. Khan, R. Lobo et al. "Perceived state of self during motion can differentially modulate numerical magnitude allocation". European Journal of Neuroscience 44, n.º 6 (10 de agosto de 2016): 2369–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ejn.13335.

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29

Jelinek, Herbert F. y Rowan McIntyre. "Electric Pulse Frequency and Magnitude of Perceived Sensation During Electrocutaneous Forearm Stimulation". Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 91, n.º 9 (septiembre de 2010): 1378–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2010.06.016.

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30

BROPHEY, GLENN, ANAHITA BAREGHEH y DAVID HEMSWORTH. "INNOVATION PROCESS, DECISION-MAKING, PERCEIVED RISKS AND METRICS: A DYNAMICS TEST". International Journal of Innovation Management 17, n.º 03 (31 de mayo de 2013): 1340014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1363919613400148.

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Innovation processes result from a series of decisions and these are influenced by the perceived risks and success metrics faced by the decision-maker. Aiming to understand whether innovation risks and success metrics change during and between innovations, four hypotheses were developed and a questionnaire-based survey was adopted targeting managers of mechanically based manufacturers. Respondents were asked to indicate the importance of perceived risks throughout specific innovations for four domains of risk: marketing, technical, organizational and financial. Respondents were also asked to identify changes in type and magnitude of innovation risk and success metric. Descriptive and statistical tests were conducted to analyse the data. The results suggest that innovation risk changes in type and magnitude during and between innovations and success metrics change in type and magnitude during innovation. This study calls for situation specific research to provide helpful advice to practitioners.

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31

Kim, Youngsung y Jihye Park. "1,000 ml ≠ 1L : The Effect of a Magnitude of a Core Product on the Perceived Magnitude of a Product Premium". JOURNAL OF KOREAN MARKETING ASSOCIATION 31, n.º 3 (31 de agosto de 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.15830/kmr.2016.31.3.1.

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32

Sakurai, K. y H. Ono. "Perceived Depth from Dot Density Change by Lateral Head Movements". Perception 25, n.º 1_suppl (agosto de 1996): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/v96p0119.

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We investigated whether there is a trade-off between magnitude of perceived depth and that of perceived motion, using density changes (expansion/contraction) in a random-dot pattern yoked to lateral head movements. We simulated sine-wave surfaces with a depth of 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 cm. Subjects viewed the patterns monocularly while moving their heads from side to side laterally, and reported the magnitude of perceived depth and that of perceived motion. When simulated depth was less than 4 cm, the surfaces looked stationary and the amount of perceived depth was the same as that of simulated depth. When it was more than 4 cm, the surfaces appeared to move in a rocking motion and the amount of perceived depth was smaller than that of simulated depth. The trade-off implies a mechanism which transduces single visual input into depth or motion.

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33

Devlin, Ann Sloan, Alaina Anderson, Sarah Hession-Kunz, Margaret Kelly, Lilly Noble y Amy Zou. "Magnitude Matters: Art Image Size and Waiting Time Impact Perceived Quality of Care". HERD: Health Environments Research & Design Journal 13, n.º 3 (26 de diciembre de 2019): 140–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1937586719892602.

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Objective: The study fills a gap in the literature by examining the size of the art displayed and waiting time in an exam office on patients’ judgments of the quality of care they are likely to receive. Background: A body of research shows that the content of art in healthcare settings has an impact on patients’ well-being, yet no work has empirically systematically examined the size of the art displayed on perceived healthcare outcomes. Method: A fully crossed 4 ×2 between-subjects experimental design examined the impact of exposure to images in an outpatient exam room that varied in the size of what was displayed (a landscape scene: small, medium, large, and control—blank wall) crossed by the time waiting for the physician (10 vs. 45 min). The Dependent Variables were the reported anxiety and various measures of satisfaction with the healthcare visit. Results: The size of the art had a significant effect on the majority of the dependent variables; specifically, the large image had a more positive impact than the other sizes; longer waits were also negatively evaluated by patients and affected anxiety and judgments of room spaciousness. Conclusions: Identifying the recommended content of art displayed is necessary but not sufficient; the size of the art in its context has the potential to impact a range of important perceptions related to healthcare. When the size does not match the available wall space (i.e., the canonical size was not utilized), a variety of ratings of the healthcare environment (including the practitioner) were negatively affected.

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34

Alards-Tomalin, Doug, Jason P. Leboe-McGowan, Joshua D. M. Shaw y Launa C. Leboe-McGowan. "The effects of numerical magnitude, size, and color saturation on perceived interval duration." Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 40, n.º 2 (2014): 555–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0035031.

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35

Mehboob, Rubab, Hassan Dawood, Hussain Dawood, Muhammad Usman Ilyas, Ping Guo y Ameen Banjar. "Live fingerprint detection using magnitude of perceived spatial stimuli and local phase information". Journal of Electronic Imaging 27, n.º 05 (13 de octubre de 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.jei.27.5.053038.

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36

Nawrot, M., J. Holmin y K. Stroyan. "Perceived depth magnitude with a combination of motion parallax and binocular disparity cues". Journal of Vision 13, n.º 9 (25 de julio de 2013): 1181. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/13.9.1181.

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37

Gencay, Selcuk. "Magnitude of Psychological Stress Reported by Soccer Referees". Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 37, n.º 7 (1 de agosto de 2009): 865–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2009.37.7.865.

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The purpose of this investigation was to identify the magnitude of psychological stress reported by soccer referees and assistant referees (linesmen). One hundred and fifty-six soccer referees who were members of the Turkish Soccer Referees' Committee responded to a survey that assessed perceived stress related to refereeing. Results showed that mean ratings of psychological stress scores of referees ranged between "a very little" and "moderate amount". Results also showed that there was no significant difference between referees' and assistant referees' magnitude of psychological stress. These results were consistent with those of previous studies, suggesting that most sport referees do not experience much stress while refereeing.

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38

Thompson, Sommer N., Nathan R. Bailey y Mark W. Scerbo. "Magnitude Estimation of Velocity in the X, Y, and Z Axes". Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 49, n.º 17 (septiembre de 2005): 1630–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120504901728.

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The present study examined the perception of velocity along different axes. Participants viewed the movement of two small circles on a computer display and gave verbal responses for the perceived velocity of one of the circles relative to the other using the psychophysical method of magnitude estimation. Stimuli were presented along the x, y, and z axes. Other variables included direction traveled, time and distance constant, and velocity. Movement in the z axis was represented through angular expansion. As expected, results indicated that velocity judgments increased with increases in stimulus velocity. Perceived velocity was expected to be higher for vertical as compared to horizontal stimuli. The results provided partial support for this hypothesis. Estimates for velocity along the z axis were qualitatively different than for the other two axes. Further, velocity estimates depended upon whether the time or distance was held constant and suggest that the perception of velocity is tied to both spatial and temporal properties of the stimuli.

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39

Bowns, L. "Feature Contribution to Motion Signal Predicted by Magnitude of Intersection-of-Constraints Projection". Perception 25, n.º 1_suppl (agosto de 1996): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/v96l0212.

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Yo and Wilson (1992 Vision Research32 135 – 147) reported that Type II plaids move in the vector sum (VS) direction at short durations. Bowns ( Vision Research in press) showed that the result did not generalise to all Type II plaids. Computational analysis of the stimuli revealed an alternative explanation of the result in terms of features that were shown to move in a similar direction to the VS. When features (or VS) moved in a different direction to the intersection of constraints (IOC) the plaids were often perceived to move in the direction of the feature. It is hypothesised that a feature will contribute only when there is sufficient projection of the IOC in the feature direction. The direction of the features and the IOC for the stimuli used by Bowns was computed for a set of plaids that shifted from being perceived in the feature direction to the IOC. If projection is critical, then it should decrease as the stimuli shift direction. This was confirmed. A different set of plaids comprising a feature that moved in the opposite direction to the IOC and varied in terms of the magnitude of projection was presented to subjects in a forced-choice task. The plaids moved as predicted from the hypothesis. These results show a correlation between the amount of projection of the IOC in the direction of a feature and the incidence of perceived movement in the direction of the feature. The hypothesis that perceived movement of a plaid is influenced by the degree of projection of the IOC onto another available motion signal such as a displaced feature is supported.

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40

Quaglia, Maria Amélia Cesari, Lívia da Silva Bachetti y Arthur Alves. "The hollow-face illusion monocularly observed in a box". Estudos de Psicologia (Campinas) 31, n.º 3 (septiembre de 2014): 359–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-166x2014000300004.

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Under monocular conditions, 40 students observed the reverse of polychrome and monochrome masks and judged them to be concave, convex or flat. The mask was presented upright and illuminated from above, below, right and left and in the upside down position illuminated from below. The magnitude of the perceived depth or relief was estimated using a retractable tape measure. Regardless of color, lighting and orientation, the majority of responses indicated that the hollow masks were perceived to be convex. No significant differences were observed between the depth or convexity of the metric magnitudes and scalar magnitudes of the concave masks in relation to variations in the light source direction, color, and position. The illusory depth, seeing the concave mask as convex, is a robust phenomenon that suggests the predominant role of higher-order processes over the low-order processes in visual face perception.

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41

Badawy, Mohamed, Mark C. Schall, Sean Gallagher, Richard F. Sesek y Gerard A. Davis. "Heart Rate and Perceived Exertion Among Young Adult Obese Males During One-Handed Carrying". Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 62, n.º 1 (septiembre de 2018): 893–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931218621205.

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Obesity is an increasing problem across the globe that has been strongly associated with work-related injury. One-handed carrying is considered one of the most fatiguing methods of load carrying. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of obesity and load magnitude on heart rate and ratings of perceived exertion among young adult males during one-handed carrying. Load magnitude was observed to have a statistically significantly effect on heart rate and perceived exertion of the arm, back and whole body, whereas obesity was significant only for perceived exertion of the arm. The results suggest that young adult obese males can carry similar loads as young adult non-obese males without having a statistically significant increase in heart rate or perceived exertion. However, more research is needed to validate these results for longer distances and carrying times.

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42

Lee, Chang-Yuan y Carey K. Morewedge. "Noise Increases Anchoring Effects". Psychological Science 33, n.º 1 (8 de diciembre de 2021): 60–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09567976211024254.

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We introduce a theoretical framework distinguishing between anchoring effects, anchoring bias, and judgmental noise: Anchoring effects require anchoring bias, but noise modulates their size. We tested this framework by manipulating stimulus magnitudes. As magnitudes increase, psychophysical noise due to scalar variability widens the perceived range of plausible values for the stimulus. This increased noise, in turn, increases the influence of anchoring bias on judgments. In 11 preregistered experiments ( N = 3,552 adults), anchoring effects increased with stimulus magnitude for point estimates of familiar and novel stimuli (e.g., reservation prices for hotels and donuts, counts in dot arrays). Comparisons of relevant and irrelevant anchors showed that noise itself did not produce anchoring effects. Noise amplified anchoring bias. Our findings identify a stimulus feature predicting the size and replicability of anchoring effects—stimulus magnitude. More broadly, we show how to use psychophysical noise to test relationships between bias and noise in judgment under uncertainty.

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43

Predebon, John. "The Influence of Object Familiarity on Magnitude Estimates of Apparent Size". Perception 21, n.º 1 (febrero de 1992): 77–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p210077.

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Three magnitude-estimation experiments were used to determine the exponents of the power function relating size judgments and physical size for two-dimensional familiar and unfamiliar stimuli. The exponent of the power function was used to index the effect of familiar size on perceived size under a variety of conditions, from full-cue to reduced-cue viewing conditions. Although the value of the exponents varied across the three experiments, within each experiment the exponent of the familiar stimulus was not significantly different from that of the unfamiliar stimulus, indicating that familiar size does not influence the rate of growth of perceived size. The results of a fourth experiment excluded a possible explanation of the findings of experiments 1–3 in terms of subjects responding to relative angular size as a consequence of the successive presentation of the different-sized representations of the familiar stimulus. Taken together, the present findings are consistent with the hypothesis that the influence of familiar size on estimates of size mainly reflects the intrusion of nonperceptual processes in spatial responses.

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44

Ojeme, Emmanuel O. "Perceived and Actual Role of Secondary School Physical Educators". Journal of Teaching in Physical Education 8, n.º 1 (octubre de 1988): 33–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.8.1.33.

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This paper describes a study conducted to determine the role perception and enactment (or performance) of secondary school physical educators as well as the magnitude of role deficits that physical educators experience in schools. The data for the study were collected using a 28-item test instrument classified into four role-subsets of teaching, coaching and sports administration, research and development, and student welfare roles. The results indicated that the physical educators studied possess an acceptable perception of their roles, and that they differentially enact or perform these roles. The coaching and sports administration role-subset is more enacted by physical educators than are teaching, research and development, and student welfare roles, respectively. Furthermore, the magnitude of role deficits experienced by physical educators is higher for teaching, research and development, and student welfare roles compared with role deficits in the coaching and sports administration role-subset. Further studies are required to ascertain the forces that shape the role of physical educators in the school system as well as the sources of role deficits.

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45

Geringer, John M. "Continuous Loudness Judgments of Dynamics in Recorded Music Excerpts". Journal of Research in Music Education 43, n.º 1 (abril de 1995): 22–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3345789.

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This study was designed to investigate loudness judgments of musician and nonmu-sician listeners in response to performed dynamic changes within a musical context. Ten previously recorded music excerpts selected from diverse examples of music served as stimuli. Subjects listened individually and responded continuously during music examples using the Continuous Response Digital Interface (CRDI) to indicate perceived loudness levels. A three-way analysis of variance revealed that musician subjects indicated a significantly smaller magnitude of dynamic change than did nonmusician subjects. Crescendos were judged as having a significantly greater magnitude of change than decrescendos. There were also differences between the individual excerpts. The obtained relationships between the subjective magnitude of loudness change and the physical magnitude of intensity change were compared to those found in the psychoa-coustical literature. Music stimuli in context were perceived somewhat differently than were the pure tone and noise-band stimuli of previous research.

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46

Norman, Hideko F., J. Farley Norman, James T. Todd y Delwin T. Lindsey. "Spatial Interactions in Perceived Speed". Perception 25, n.º 7 (julio de 1996): 815–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p250815.

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Previous research has shown that the perception of motion within a local region is influenced by other motions within neighboring areas (eg induced motion). Here, a study is reported of the perceived speed of dots moving within a circular target region, which was surrounded by other motions within a larger surrounding area. The perceived speed of the central dots was found to be fastest when the surround was stationary; it became slower as the speed of motion in the surround was increased. This decrease in the perceived target speed with increases in surround velocity occurred regardless of whether the direction in which the surround moved was the same as or opposite to the motion of the target region. This result cannot be explained by using simple models of perceived speed that depend only upon such factors as the magnitude of relative motion between center and surround. The spatial area over which these motion interactions occur was also investigated.

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47

Keyson, David V. "Estimation of Virtually Perceived Length". Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 9, n.º 4 (agosto de 2000): 394–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/105474600566899.

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Increasingly, information is presented to users in a spatial domain in which distances and orientation between objects imply some meaning. Perception of distances between objects may be influenced by actual movement through space, and distances may be represented by visual, tactual, or auditory means. This paper examines the judgment of linear path distances that were either tactually, visually, or visually and tactually presented to subjects. Tactual paths were virtually created using force-feed-back fields. Additionally, the influence of a constant simulated-friction force in terms of distance judgments was examined. Based on the method of direct estimation of magnitude, a high correlation between tactual and visual estimates for eight path lengths was found. The results of the tactual condition with simulated friction indicated that the perceived distance between felt objects can be manipulated without requiring longer movements of an input device. In general, results indicated that the spatial relations between objects can be accurately communicated by virtual tactual paths.

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48

Kaplanski, Guy y Haim Levy. "Seasonality in Perceived Risk: A Sentiment Effect". Quarterly Journal of Finance 07, n.º 01 (21 de febrero de 2017): 1650015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010139216500154.

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Studies which attribute markets’ seasonality to sentiment assume that seasonal affective disorder (SAD) creates seasonal fluctuations in risk-aversion which, in turn, affects prices. Employing the variance risk premium (VP), we directly test for seasonality in risk-aversion. We find significant seasonality in the VP which is not explained by exogenous events, market-realized variance and returns and major macroeconomic variables. We use the number of people who actively suffer from SAD to show that consistent with the SAD hypothesis VP and SAD are significantly positively correlated. International comparison reveals significant positive association between the magnitude of seasonally and the prevalence of SAD.

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49

Hamilton, James D., Seth Pruitt y Scott Borger. "Estimating the Market-Perceived Monetary Policy Rule". American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics 3, n.º 3 (1 de julio de 2011): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/mac.3.3.1.

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We introduce a novel method for estimating a monetary policy rule using macroeconomic news. We estimate directly the policy rule agents use to form their expectations by linking news' effects on forecasts of both economic conditions and monetary policy. Evidence between 1994 and 2007 indicates that the market-perceived Federal Reserve policy rule changed: the output response vanished, and the inflation response path became more gradual but larger in long-run magnitude. These response coefficient estimates are robust to measurement and theoretical issues with both potential output and the inflation target. (JEL C51, E31, E43, E52, E58)

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50

Li, Song, Roman Schlieper y Jürgen Peissig. "The Role of Reverberation and Magnitude Spectra of Direct Parts in Contralateral and Ipsilateral Ear Signals on Perceived Externalization". Applied Sciences 9, n.º 3 (29 de enero de 2019): 460. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9030460.

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Several studies show that the reverberation and spectral details in direct sounds are two essential cues for perceived externalization of virtual sound sources in reverberant environments. The present study investigated the role of these two cues in contralateral and ipsilateral ear signals on perceived externalization of headphone-reproduced binaural sound images at different azimuth angles. For this purpose, seven pairs of non-individual binaural room impulse responses (BRIRs) were measured at azimuth angles of −90°, −60°, −30°, 0°, 30°, 60°, and 90° in a listening room. The magnitude spectra of direct parts were smoothed, and the reverberation was removed, either in left or right ear BRIRs. Such modified BRIRs were convolved with a speech signal, and the resulting binaural sounds were presented over headphones. Subjects were asked to assess the degree of perceived externalization for the presented stimuli. The result of the subjective listening experiment revealed that the magnitude spectra of direct parts in ipsilateral ear signals and the reverberation in contralateral ear signals are important for perceived externalization of virtual lateral sound sources.

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