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Literatura académica sobre el tema "Pension funds and social security"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 11 de marzo de 2023

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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Pension funds and social security"

Valkov, Vladimir. "IMPACT OF THE ECONOMIC FACTOR ON THE SOCIAL SECURITY SYSTEM". KNOWLEDGE - International Journal 47, n.º 1 (16 de agosto de 2021): 213–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij4701213v.

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The economic factor and its strong influence is determined mainly by the funds received from social security contributions in the social security system, by the number of persons employed, by the pension costs and the amount of the maximum social security income, as well as by the average monthly salary. Funds allocated to pensions are a major economic factor that has a major impact on the social security system. The more money is spent on pensions, the greater the negative financial effect on the social security system. The unfavorable demographic trends and the aging of the population in Bulgaria have led to higher pension expenditures. The purpose of the report is to show the great importance of the economic factor as an essential element of the social security system. The funds allocated for pensions in the social security system are essential. As the population ages, pension costs increase, so does the burden on the social security system. The current social security system is based on three pillars - mandatory pension insurance, mandatory supplementary and supplementary voluntary pension insurance. Compulsory pension insurance is in fact a continuation of the previously operating pension system, based on the pay-as-you-go system, with modifications to somehow link people's contributions to the pensions received. The insured pay social security contributions, which are distributed and paid in the form of a pension to the disabled. Compulsory supplementary pension insurance is the second pillar of the system and is based on the so-called funds or capital principle. The contributions of the insured persons are transferred to pension funds, which invest the resources in investment instruments. As it has already become clear, the three-pillar model in Bulgaria is a mix of the cost-covering and capital models. The problems in these models quite naturally have an impact on the chosen three-pillar model in Bulgaria. The main idea behind the cost-covering model is that working young people contribute to the pension system and these contributions are used to pay the pensions of the currently disabled. The model can be considered as a kind of social transfer of resources between generations. Young people work and pay a "social tax", and the disabled receive an income (pension) that provides them with consumption. The results show that more and more funds are needed for the social security system, which are obtained through grants from the national budget.

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Аксенов, P. Aksenov, Емельянов y S. Emelyanov. "The Role of Pension Funds in Financing US Federal Debt". Administration 5, n.º 1 (16 de marzo de 2017): 93–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/24707.

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The article examines main trends in financing the federal debt, pointing out its structure, with focus on the role of pension funds as a source of financing; because the surplus of Social Security funds is loaned to the rest of the government; interlinks concerning this process and possible problems; the peculiarities of the federal government pension system’s investment in the government bonds. The US public debt as a share of GDP is much less than in many countries, but its volume is near 20 trln. doll. It may be classified by marketable and non-marketable securities, which are mainly owed to certain government trust funds such as the Social Security trust fund. So the Social Security trust fund, in effect is exchanging one type of debt for the other, taking into consideration that the non-marketable securities represent amounts owed to the beneficiaries. The reserves are in effect borrowed for a time by the rest of the government, and then repaid with interest when the trust funds need them back. Looking ahead Social Security will continue to be financed through its own receipts, mainly payroll tax; and Social Security Trust Fund surplus will become diminishing, with less possibilities to finance federal debt.

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Yakovlenko, M. S. "Pension fund of Ukraine as a subject of dispute resolution in the field of social security". Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law, n.º 65 (25 de octubre de 2021): 416–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2021.65.75.

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The formation of Ukraine as a welfare state requires the restructuring of the entire system of social protection. The main principles of such restructuring are that a person, his life and health are recognized as the highest social, and citizens have the right to social protection (Articles 3, 46 of the Constitution of Ukraine). Social security issues concern everyone. However, at present, the majority of the population still does not have a clear idea of private pension funds and the services they offer. This article is devoted to the study of the subject, which provides basic social guarantees for the stable development of society. One of the most important directions for members of society to transform the social policy of the state is to reform the pension system, which affects the interests of several generations for a long time. The article considers the activity of the Pension Fund of Ukraine as a subject of dispute resolution in the field of social security. The activities of the Pension Fund of Ukraine are subordinated and coordinated by the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine through the Minister of Social Policy of Ukraine. Pension provision is considered as a component of the system of social obligations of the state. The problems of financial support of the Pension Fund, which are due to the peculiarities of the solidarity system of compulsory state pension insurance, are studied. Pension provision is one of the most important social guarantees of stable development of society, as it directly affects the interests of the disabled population and indirectly able-bodied population. And it becomes extremely important in the period of economic transformations taking place in Ukraine. Pension provision is the main component of the state system of social protection and, of course, reflects the characteristics of this higher system, which is a system of interconnected funds, bodies and institutions, entities, types of provision and legal acts. The relevance of the topic is determined by the need for in-depth study of problematic issues in the field of pensions in order to create a reliable and adequate to market conditions of the social protection system for the population.

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Vízhunov, O. "The importance of social security as a whole for the legal system". Social Law, n.º 3 (6 de noviembre de 2019): 91–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.37440/soclaw.2019.03.15.

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The current state, trends of development and directions of improvement of functioning of social security system in modern conditions are analyzed, based on the activity of four extrabudgetary funds. The organizational-economic and social features of functioning of compulsory social insurance, sources of formation and management of functioning of the pension fund are investigated.

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Sun, Shouji y Jiye Hu. "The impact of pension systems on financial development: An empirical study". Risk Governance and Control: Financial Markets and Institutions 4, n.º 3 (2014): 119–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/rgcv4i3c1art5.

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The impact of pension assets on financial development is both quantitatively and qualitatively. On quantitatively, pension funds increase capital supply to financial market. On qualitatively, pension funds as institutional investors could promote corporate governance, information disclosure and transaction efficiency. Based on regression results of 55 countries and regions, we find that different pension systems formed different size of pension fund; every 1% increase of the pension funds’ assets could bring about 0.15%-0.23% increase of the market value, which could explain cross-countries difference of financial development. Based on panel data analysis, we find that the impact of pension fund on financial development is very significant especially in civil law and underdeveloped countries. By using co-integration analysis and vector auto regression model (VAR) with time series data of Chile, we find positive relationship between pension funds and financial development again. The empirical results indicate that legal origin, endowment and pension fund views are not exclusive but compatible. A country cannot change its legal origin and endowment, but it can change pension policies and reform social security system. A funded pension system with accumulates pension assets could promote a country’s financial development and economic growth.

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Шрам, Валерий y Valeriy Shram. "PENSION INSURANCE REFORM IN CROATIA AT THE PRESENT STAGE". Journal of Foreign Legislation and Comparative Law 1, n.º 4 (29 de octubre de 2015): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/14270.

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The article analyzes the pension insurance reform in Croatia, which marked the beginning of a three-level pension system formation. The first level includes old-age pensions, disability pension and survivors pension as part of the compulsory pension insurance system. The second level includes pensions on the basis of the compulsory pension insurance with a saving element. The third level is based on the voluntary pension insurance system. The author reveals the conditions for granting non-contributory pensions, non-contributory pensions with a saving element as well as conditions for granting funded pensions. The article analyses the new formula for calculation of non-contributory (funded) pensions, which was initially introduced as part of the Pension Insurance Law in 1998. The article displays fundamental changes in the pension insurance system, which led to the formation of compulsory pension funds and non-governmental pension funds. Special attention is paid to the formation in compulsory pension funds of capitalized savings of the insured parties as part of the compulsory pension insurance and to the procedures for payment of funded pensions with a saving element. The article reveals the reasons for adopting in 2013 and 2014 of pension laws, the implementation of which will determine the improvement of the pension insurance system in Croatia. The article reviews the conditions for the formation of compulsory and voluntary pension funds. Special attention is paid to the participation of the insured parties aged up to 40 years in compulsory pension funds, which are divided into three categories depending on the extent of risk management during investing of the insured parties’ savings. Besides general scientific methods (analysis and synthesis), the author also applied in the article private law research techniques, in particular, formal logical, theoretical, comprehensive legal, historical and comparative law methods. Scientific novelty of the work is in its integrative and comprehensive approach to the analysis of the Croatian pension system development, which is formed on the basis of a three-level system of pension insurance. The analysis of the pension insurance norms and law enforcement practice in the modern period is of great scientific and practical importance. The research findings should contribute to the development of proposals on the creation in the Russian Federation of a pension system, which is adequate to the country’s modern social-economic development and which complies with the international and legal standards of social security and foreign states’ experience.

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Rutecka, Joanna. "Funkcjonowanie państwowych funduszy rezerwowych o celu emerytalnym na przykładzie doświadczeń Norwegii". Kwartalnik Kolegium Ekonomiczno-Społecznego. Studia i Prace, n.º 4 (29 de noviembre de 2014): 127–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.33119/kkessip.2014.4.5.

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Pensions reserve funds are permanent elements of social security systems in many countries. In others they play important role of a useful solution that helps to alleviate temporary deficits in social security. One of the few countries that gath‑ ered very large pensions reserves is Norway. It is an excellent example of a country that uses oil revenues to fulfil the long ‑term liabilities of the social security system and promote solidarity between generations. The article analyses the sources of fundraising and methods of asset management used in Norwegian public reserve funds. The collection of large reserves was possible only due to permanent sur‑ plus in state budget resulting from oil revenues. Assets collected in the fund were then invested in highly diversified and long ‑term portfolio that proved to be very effective. Norwegian pension reserve fund Global showed that the right strategies of asset allocation and broad geographical diversifications may result in rates of return much higher than constructed benchmarks. Moreover, it can also meet the expectations of ethical and socially ‑responsible investments.

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Owczarczyk, Anna. "IMPACT OF PENSION SYSTEM REFORMS ON PUBLIC FINANCE EXPENDITURES IN POLAND". Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW, Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing, n.º 22(71) (16 de diciembre de 2019): 145–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/pefim.2019.22.71.32.

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The social security system in each country, if it exists, plays a crucial role in supporting citizens and specific expenditures of the public finance system. Its importance in public spending depends on many factors; in particular, on its source and on its form of financing benefits or pensions. The social security system in Poland is composed of a social insurance and welfare system, a health insurance system, unemployment and family benefits, from which are enumerated an old-age pension, invalidity pension, sickness and maternity insurance, insurance against accidents at work and occupational diseases, and health insurance. The Polish social security system often changes due to implementation of improvements or limits on public spending. The most famous reform took place in 1999 and introduced the largest number of changes in the sphere of pension security. Because the scale of public funds that are passed on to the social security system is very large, pension reforms should are crucial for improving the state of public finances. The aim of the paper is to present changes that took place in the Polish pension system between 1999 and 2017 and how those changes influenced the amount of public expenditures. The study reviews the research hypothesis: frequent changes in the pension system have a negative impact on the state of Polish public finance. The study covers the years 1999-2017, as well as the previous four years before the implementation of the pension reform. Basic research materials used to conduct the research analysis were reports on implementation of the state budget, data prepared by the Social Insurance Institution and the Agricultural Social Insurance Fund as well as statistical data obtained from the Central Statistical Office.

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Ząbkowicz, Anna. "Mandatory pension funds in Chile: decline of the arrangement?" e-Finanse 13, n.º 4 (1 de diciembre de 2017): 149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/fiqf-2016-0043.

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AbstractChile has been both a pioneer and the most radical follower of the idea of converting pension savings into contributions to privately-managed capital funds. Two recent portions of reforms under President Bachelet extended the social safety net as well as re-introduced publicly-administered programs on behalf of retirees.Does such direction, in the country with the longest lasting evidence of privatized fully-funded pensions mean a fall of the arrangement? The article attempts a political-economic argumentation in aim to form the answer.The premise is that risk sharing constitutes a crucial issue in insurance industry where old-age security is largely placed. In social security segment the risk of default on liabilities is backed by taxing capacity of the state; in fully-funded-pensions plans normally this is individual contributor who faces the portfolio risk. Therefore change in risk sharing between the contributors to the funds, pension management companies and the state is fundamental for evaluation of the reforms. The review of Chilean reforms reveals an institutional arrangement which is fundamental to risk sharing, namely the relation between contribution and benefit, left intact. This finding supports the conclusion that bringing recently the state back into retirement system can not be conceived as any systemic revolution.

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Drobina, Liliia. "Social Insurance Aid of the Soviet Post-War System in the Western Regions of the Ukrainian SSR". Науковий вісник Чернівецького національного університету імені Юрія Федьковича. Історія 1, n.º 47 (30 de junio de 2018): 105–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.31861/hj2018.47.105-114.

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The issues of population social security are also urgent in Ukraine in the 21st century. A lotof these issues still remain poorly studied. The purpose of this article is to clarify the circumstances of the social insurance system formation in the post-war policy of Soviet social security system in the western regions of Ukraine. The social security system is characterized by the formation of trade unions according to the industrial-branch principle. The main and only participants in these funds were enterprises, institutions and organizations; therefore, social and insurance assistance was provided to citizens in a centralized manner and had a strictly targeted purpose. All members of trade unions (workers and employees) were entitled to pensions and free medical care being disabled in the event of injury and other illnesses. In kolkhozes, the peasants could not claim the state aid, they should have been paid the aid from the funds of the collective farms on the decision of the general meeting. In the system of social security, public organizations were formed: disablement association (Ukoopinrada and Ukrinstrakhkasa), mutual aid funds (MAF), the Society of deaf people (UTOG) and the Society of blind people (UTOS). Social security bodies lacked funds; therefore, in general, the decrees remained declarative, since all payments were scanty, much lower than the subsistence level. Keywords: social security, trade unions, mutual aid fund, members of kolgosp, pension, disablement

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Más fuentes

Tesis sobre el tema "Pension funds and social security"

Rodrigues, Juliana Daniela. "Determinantes de risco e retorno em investimentos de regimes próprios de previdência social". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/170283.

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Estudos recentes sobre fundos de pensão dos servidores públicos trazem indícios de fatores relacionados ao maior risco assumido nos investimentos. Para a realidade brasileira, existem poucos trabalhos que abordam as aplicações dos Regimes Próprios de Previdência Social (RPPS), apesar da representatividade dos valores detidos e da expectativa de escassez futura para o pagamento das pensões aos servidores públicos. Esta dissertação de mestrado traz a primeira análise com amostra representativa da totalidade, sendo composta por 629 carteiras de investimentos de RPPS durante os exercícios de 2015 e 2016. Os resultados encontrados levam à conclusão de que o risco assumido e o retorno alcançado pelas carteiras estão positivamente relacionados ao tamanho do fundo em volume de recursos, e negativamente relacionados à maturidade do fundo. A análise da performance dos fundos indica a importância do funcionamento de um comitê de investimentos.
Recent studies on the public servants’ pension funds provide evidence of factors regarding the greater risk assumed on the investments. For the Brazilian scenario, there are few works approaching the investments of the Alternative Social Security Systems (RPPS, Regimes Próprios de Previdência Social), despite the representativeness of the amounts withheld and the expected scarcity for the payment of the public servants’ pensions. This dissertation makes the first analysis with a sample representing all the 629 RPPS investment portfolios during the fiscal years of 2015 and 2016. The results allow us to conclude that the risk taken on and the return achieved by the portfolios are positively related to the fund size in terms of volume of resources, and negatively related to the fund maturity. The analysis of the funds’ performance indicates the importance of a having an investment committee in place.

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Patrício, Joana Cristina dos Santos. "The role of pension reserve funds in pay-as-you-go pension schemes financial sustainability". Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/12707.

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Mestrado em Finanças
O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar a estratégia seguida pelo fundo de estabilização financeira da segurança social (FEFSS), bem como investigar qual seria a situação atual do fundo caso um maior volume de transferências se tivesse verificado ou sido aplicado em investimentos alternativos. Numa primeira fase, o estudo analisa a extensa literatura referente à importância dos fundos de pensões na sustentabilidade financeira dos sistemas pay-as-you-go, assim como a influência da sua gestão no alcance deste objetivo. De forma a proceder à análise da performance específica do caso português, foram consideradas duas políticas alternativas de transferências estáveis para o fundo, utilizando a simulação do valor do fundo na aplicação em três estratégias de investimento distintas. As transferências foram aplicadas às taxas de retorno respetivas a dois períodos de tempo: de 1989 e 2014 e de 1997 a 2014. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que as políticas de investimento propostas aumentaram o valor do portfólio, cumprindo entre 2010 e 2012 o objetivo final definido por lei de cobrir dois anos das necessidades de pensões. Deste modo, aplicando as propostas consideradas verificar-se-ia um aumento da contribuição do fundo na estabilidade do sistema pay-as-you-go.
The present study aims to analyze the strategy followed by the Portuguese financial stabilization fund (FEFSS), along with investigating what would the situation be if a greater volume of transfers would have been performed or applied in alternative investments. In the first place, the study investigates the substantial literature related to the importance of pension reserve funds in the financial sustainability of the pay-as-you-go systems, as well as the influence of its management on reaching this goal. In order to proceed to the analysis of the performance of the Portuguese case, two different policies of stable transfers to the fund are contemplated. The simulation of the value of the fund coming from the application of these policies is then used to apply three different strategies of asset allocation. Two different time-frames are taken into account to perform the study: from 1989 to 2014 and from 1997 to 2014. The final results show that the proposed investment strategies increase the value of the portfolio, allowing to fulfill between the years of 2010 and 2012 the goal set by law: covering two years of pension needs. Thus, applying the strategies considered would increase the contribution of the fund to the financial sustainability of the pay-as-you-go system.
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Matotoka, Motlhatlego Dennis. "Section 37C of the Pension Funds Act, 24 of 1956 : a social security measure to escape destitution". Thesis, University of Limpopo, Turfloop Campus, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1102.

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Thesis (LLM. (Labour Law)) -- University of Limpopo, 2013
The study will analyse section 37C of the Pension Funds Act, 24 of 1956. This section limits the deceased’s freedom of testate by placing the death benefits and the control of the board of trustees who are tasked to distribute such benefits equitably among the dependants and nominees of the deceased. Section 37C of the Act was enacted to protect dependency by ensuring that the dependants of the deceased are not left in destitute. In order to achieve this, three duties are placed on the board of trustees namely, to identify the dependants and nominees of the deceased member; to effect an equitable distribution of the benefit among the beneficiaries; and to determine an appropriate mode of payment. This section sees to all the interest of the dependants without discriminating consequently there are three classes of dependants that are created under section 37C namely; legal dependants, non-legal dependants, and future dependants.

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Klimaitė, Jurgita. "Lietuvos privačių pensijų fondų įvertinimas". Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2006. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2006~D_20060606_191434-51995.

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Evaluation of private pension funds in Lithuania Final work of University Postgraduate Studies, 84 pages, 22 figures, 11 tables, 85 references, 14 appendix, Lithuanian language. KEY WORDS: pensions, social security, pension reform, private pension funds. Research object – Private pension funds in Lithuania Research aim – to evaluate private pension funs in Lithuania. Objectives: 1)specify the concept of private pension funds. 2)perform theoretic the analysis of social insurance models and estimate their potential use in the practice of private pension funds. 3)estimate potential ways of sponsorship and administration of pension funds. 4)frame the methodology of evaluation of private pension funds. 5)evaluate private pension funs in Lithuania according to the prepared methodology. Research methods: the analysis and synthesis of scientific literature, logical analysis and synthesis, comparable analysis, structural comparative analysis, the analysis and synthesis of statistical information, graphic methods of modeling, method of rating.

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Stankūnaitė, Gitana. "Lietuvos privačių pensijų fondų įvertinimas". Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2009. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20090114_160228-55153.

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Magistrantūros studijų baigiamasis darbas, 69 puslapiai, 12 paveikslai, 8 lentelių, 88 literatūros šaltiniai, 11 priedų, lietuvių kalba. RAKTINIAI ŽODŽIAI: pensijos, socialinė apsauga, pensijų sistemos reforma, privatūs pensijų fondai. Tyrimo objektas – Lietuvos privatūs pensijų fondai. Darbo tikslas – įvertinti Lietuvos privačius pensijų fondus. Tyrimo uždaviniai: 1) nustatyti privačių pensijų fondų vietą pensijų sistemoje; 2) nustatyti privačių pensijų fondų svarbą kuriant gerovės valstybę; 3) atlikti privačių pensijų fondų veiklos ir vertinimo problemų analizę; 4) nustatyti pensijų fondų vertintojus ir jų vertinimo kriterijus; 5) parengti pensijų fondų įvertinimo metodiką; 6) pagal parengtą metodiką įvertinti Lietuvos privačių pensijų fondų veiklą. Tyrimo metodai - mokslinės literatūros bei loginė analizė ir sintezė, lyginamoji analizė, struktūrinė santykinė analizė, statistinių duomenų analizė ir sintezė, grafinio vaizdavimo metodas, reitingavimo metodas.
The final work of magistracy studies, 69 pages, 12 pictures, 8 tables, 88 literature sources, 11 annexes, in Lithuanian. KEY WORDS: pensions, social security, pension system reform, private pension funds. Research Target: private pension funds in Lithuania. Research aim: To evaluate private pension funds in Lithuania. Research Objectives: 1. To ascertain the location of private pension funds in pension system; 2. To ascertain the importance of private pension funds creating the welfare state; 3. To carry out the analyses of the problems determining the activity of private pension funds; 4. To establish the evaluators and their criteria for evaluating private pension funds; 5. To prepare methodics for evaluating pension funds; 6. to evaluate the activity of private pension funds in Lithuania according to the prepared methods. Research methods: logical analysis and synthesis of scientific literature, comparative analyses, structural relative analysis, analysis and synthesis of statistical data, graphical representation method, rate-making method.

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Andrietta, Lucas Salvador 1988. "A mercantilização do Sistema Previdenciário Brasileiro (1988-2014)". [s.n.], 2015. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/286543.

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Orientador: Eduardo Fagnani
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T06:33:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Andrietta_LucasSalvador_M.pdf: 2349695 bytes, checksum: aaf93430f6f7c5343598e19f8674c57b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015
Resumo: Os governos do Partido dos Trabalhadores, nos últimos três mandatos, apoiaram-se sobre um discurso em que a dimensão social assumiu um papel central, o que foi corroborado por uma inflexão real de alguns indicadores macroeconômicos, do mercado de trabalho e do resultado de algumas políticas públicas. O objetivo desta dissertação é demonstrar que, apesar disso, o sistema previdenciário brasileiro tem passado por um processo de mercantilização. A desestruturação das bases institucionais da previdência pública, cujos princípios estão esboçados na Constituição de 1988, tem provocado grandes mudanças em suas regras de acesso e em seu padrão de financiamento. Simultaneamente, o fenômeno da previdência complementar, especialmente em sua modalidade aberta, tem se expandido de maneira acentuada. No primeiro capítulo, buscamos qualificar o que se entende por mercantilização da previdência brasileira, a partir de uma perspectiva mais longa sobre a evolução dos sistemas de proteção social; dos dados disponíveis sobre o sistema previdenciário brasileiro; e dos dados sobre a população brasileira. O segundo capítulo tem por objetivo demonstrar como foi possível, do ponto de vista formal, chegar a uma definição constitucional de seguridade social inclusiva e abrangente em 1988, aparentemente "na contra-mão do mundo". O terceiro capítulo mapeia os interesses sobre a questão previdenciária desde o governo Collor até o período recente, para mostrar como foram articuladas e viabilizadas as várias reformas e entraves à realização daquele projeto. Conclui-se que o processo de mercantilização do sistema previdenciário brasileiro não foi revertido e, pelo contrário, aprofundou-se nos últimos anos
Abstract: The last three presidential terms of the Workers Party (PT) were based on a platform within which the social dimension plays a key role. This was supported by an actual turn around of some macroeconomic indicators, the labor market dynamics and results achieved by some public policies. The purpose of this dissertation is to demonstrate that, despite of this inflection, the Brazilian welfare system is suffering a continuous process of commodification. The dismantling of public welfare institutional foundations ¿ whose principles are outlined by the 1988 Federal Constitution ¿ produced wide changes in the access rules and funding pattern. Simultaneously, supplementary pension plans, especially in the open market form, has expanded markedly. The first chapter clarifies what is meant by welfare commodification in Brazil: from a broader perspective on the evolution of modern social protection systems; from the available welfare system data; and from populational data. The second chapter explains how has it been possible to achieve, in formal terms, an extensive and inclusive definition of social security in 1988, apparently in the opposite direction of the rest of the world. The third chapter maps the interests on the welfare issue since Collor administration to date, examining how were reforms articulated and enabled, preventing the former social security project to be fully implemented. This work concludes the welfare commodification process was not reversed and, instead, it has deepened recently
Mestrado
Economia Social e do Trabalho
Mestre em Desenvolvimento Econômico

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Rudaitis, Mantas. "Privačių pensijų fondų įtaka kapitalo rinkai". Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2006. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2006~D_20060614_142218-65276.

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Impact of private pension funds on capital market Final work of University Postgraduate Studies consists of 73 pages, 18 figures, 10 tables, 81 sources of literature and 3 appendixes, in Lithuanian. Key words:pensions, social security, pension reform, private pension funds, capital market. The object of research is private pension funds. The aim of research is to estimate impact of private pension funds on capital market. The objektives are: 1) specify the concept of private pension funds, 2) perform theoretical analysis of private pension funds activity, 3) estimatepossible possible position of private pension funds in capital market, 4) frame the methodology of the estimation the impact of private pension funds on capital market, 5) traverse the capital market in Lithuania and investment of private pension funds, 6) estimate the factors of private pension funds that determinant the potential impact on capital market, 7)estimate the impact of private pension funds on capital market. methods of research: analysis and synthesis of scientific literature, logical analysis and synthesis, comparable analysis, graphic methods of modeling.

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Mangammbi, Mafanywa Jeffrey. "The laws regulating beneficiary funds in South Africa : a critical analysis". Thesis, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1165.

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Thesis (LLM. (Labour Law)) -- University of Limpopo, 2013
This mini-dissertation evaluates the laws regulating beneficiary funds in South Africa. A beneficiary fund is a fund established for the purposes of accepting lump sum death benefits awarded in terms of Section37C of the Pension Funds Act (the Act) to a beneficiary (dependant or nominee) on the death of a member, which are not paid directly to that beneficiary or to a trust nominated by the member, or to the member’s estate or to the guardian’s fund. This replaces the previous payments to trusts and a fund can now only pay to a trust if the trust was nominated by the member, a major dependant or nominee; a person recognised in law or appointed by a court as the person responsible for managing the affairs or meeting the daily care needs of a minor or incapacitated major dependant or nominee. Any association of persons or business carried on under a fund or arrangement established with the object of receiving, administering, investing and paying benefits, referred to in section 37C on behalf of beneficiaries, payable on the death of more than one member of one or more pension funds is a beneficiary fund and must be registered by the Financial Services Board and approved. Beneficiary funds were introduced as a result of the amendments to the Pension Funds Act into the Financial Services Laws General Amendment Act, 22 of 2008. The beneficiary funds were introduced with stronger regulatory framework. They have sufficient governance, reporting requirements and conduct annual audits.

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Domeneghetti, Valdir. "Gestão financeira de fundos de pensão". Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/96/96132/tde-27072009-132825/.

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O Sistema Previdenciário Brasileiro é composto por três regimes: o Geral de Previdência Social (RGPS), o Próprio de Previdência do Servidor (RPPS) e o de Previdência Complementar (RPC), operado por entidades abertas e fechadas (EAPC e EFPC). O foco deste estudo é a gestão financeira das Entidades Fechadas de Previdência Complementar (EFPC) reconhecidas no mercado pela denominação de Fundos de Pensão. Durante o processo de pesquisa e coleta de informações para este estudo, tanto em bases de dados de trabalhos científicos nacionais, quanto em internacionais, além da literatura sobre previdência complementar; verificou-se a inexistência de uma abordagem conjunta dos assuntos relevantes para a gestão financeira de Fundos de Pensão. Tais trabalhos e livros abordavam a previdência complementar fechada sob o enfoque legal, contábil, atuarial, sócio-ambiental, da alocação de ativos de investimentos, de governança corporativa; porém de forma individualizada ou reunindo no máximo dois tópicos, nenhum consolidando todos os assuntos. Diante dessa lacuna na literatura/trabalhos científicos e: por ser o Sistema de Previdência Complementar Fechado um dos futuros provedores de recursos de longo prazo para o processo de desenvolvimento do Brasil (como ocorre em outros países); estar em fase de crescimento com o advento da previdência associativa (novos instituidores) e possuir reservas garantidoras de ativos de investimentos de R$ 480,3 bilhões (junho/2008) as quais garantem pagamento de benefícios e pensões a 6,3 milhões (junho/2008) de participantes/assistidos; optou-se pelo desenvolvimento de um estudo que estruturasse todas as questões relevantes para uma eficiente e eficaz gestão financeira de Fundos de Pensão.Os assuntos foram desenvolvidos em dez capítulos, abordando os principais aspectos para proporcionar uma visão sistêmica da gestão financeira dos Fundos de Pensão. Destacam-se os temas: sistema previdenciário no Brasil e em outros países; sistemas de regulamentação e controle; governança corporativa e a gestão de risco; práticas de sustentabilidade financeira; descreve a política de investimentos e a gestão financeira da tesouraria; gestão de investimentos de curto e longo prazo nos Fundos de Pensão e acompanhamento das empresas participadas; práticas contábeis exclusivas; aspectos tributários da gestão financeira dos Fundos de Pensão e empresas participadas; teorias de auxílio da gestão financeira; e, suporte tecnológico para a gestão financeira e operacional.
The Brazilian Pension System is composed of three regimens: the General Social Security System (RGPS), the Proper Security System of the Civil Servant (RPPS) and the Supplementary Security System (RPC), operated by open and closed security entities (EFPC and EAPC). The focus of this study is the Financial Management of Closed Entities of Supplementary Security (EFPC) known for the market name of Pension Funds. During the process of research and collecting of information for this study, both in the databases of national and international papers, we noticed that, in the literature available on supplementary pension, there was the lack of a joint approach on the relevant issues to Financial Management of Pension Funds. The existent works and books address Closed Supplementary Social Security under the focus of Law, Accounting, Actuary, Social Environment, Allocation of Assets of Investments, Corporate Governance, but each one, individually, or at most two topics together, never consolidating all these subjects. Face this gap in the literature / scientific papers, and as the Closed Supplementary Pension System is one of the future providers of long term resources for the development process in Brazil (as in other countries), and as Brazil is in phase of growth with the advent of the Security Associations (new providers) and as Brazil owns guarantor reserves of investment assets of R$ 480,3 billion (June/2008) which guarantee the payment of benefits and pensions to 6,3 million (June/2008) participants / beneficiaries, we decided for a structural study that could address all the relevant issues to an efficient and effective Financial Management of Pension Funds. The issues were developed in ten chapters, covering the main aspects, in order to provide a systemic view of the Financial Management of Pension Funds. We highlight the following topics: the pension system in Brazil and other countries; regulation and control systems; corporate governance and risk management; financial sustainability practices; treasury financial management and investment policies; management of short and long term investments in Pension Funds and monitoring of holdings; unique accounting practices; tax aspects of financial management of Pension Funds and holdings; theories of financial management aid; and technological support to the financial and operational management.

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Ugino, Camila Kimie. "As reformas previdenciárias brasileiras sob a pressão neoliberal". Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2011. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/9145.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:48:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Camila Kimie Ugino.pdf: 684425 bytes, checksum: f3348c8c79ff8693b69dcb15c748907c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-03-02
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The aim of this study is to analyze the Brazilian pension reform implemented since the 1990s. The current characteristics of the Social Security system were built in the 1988 Federal Constitution and gradually modified in the reforms. Soon after the promulgation of the Charter, several proposals for Social Pension reform were discussed on the grounds of financial crisis and exhaustion of the system. This debate focuses on the guidelines of a neoliberal state that has gained greater acceptance from the government of Fernando Collor de Melo. Reforms of the Fernando Henrique Cardoso and Luis Inácio Lula da Silva are analyzed mainly with regard to access to pensions, the roofs of retirement, the age limits. Among the consequences this study analyzes the significant changes in Social Security and limited expansion of pension funds. Moreover, given the backdrop of globalized finance, it is concluded that these reforms jeopardized the achievements of social protection built in the 1988 Constitution
Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar as reformas previdenciárias brasileiras implantadas no Brasil a partir da década de 1990. As características atuais do sistema previdenciário brasileiro foram construídas na Constituição de 1988 e aos poucos modificadas nas reformas. Logo após a promulgação da Carta, várias propostas de reforma da Previdência Social foram discutidas sob o discurso de crise financeira e de esgotamento do seu sistema. Esse debate contempla as diretrizes de um Estado neoliberal que ganhou maior aceitação a partir do governo Fernando Collor de Melo. As reformas dos governos Fernando Henrique Cardoso e Luís Inácio Lula da Silva são analisadas principalmente no que se refere ao acesso às aposentadorias, aos tetos das aposentadorias, aos limites de idade. Entre as conseqüências, são analisadas as alterações significativas na Previdência Social e a expansão limitada dos fundos de pensão no Brasil. Ademais, dado o cenário das finanças mundializadas, conclui-se que essas reformas colocaram em risco as conquistas da proteção social construídas na Constituição de 1988

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Libros sobre el tema "Pension funds and social security"

Division, United States General Accounting Office Accounting and Information Management. Social Security trust funds. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1995.

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Social Security: Lies, myths, and reality : the truth about Social Security, the trust funds, and the national debt. Greenwich, Conn: Greenfield Books, 1992.

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Munnell, Alicia Haydock. Investment practices of state and local pension funds: Implications for social security reform. Chestnut Hill, Mass: Center for Retirement Research at Boston College, 1999.

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Krishnamurthi, S. Commercial's employees' provident, pension, and insurance funds: Statutory & voluntary schemes. Delhi: Commercial Law Publishers (India), 1999.

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Diamond, Peter A. Social security investment in equities I: Linear case. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1999.

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Pension funds: Retirement-income security and capital markets : an international perspective. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1997.

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Pension funds: Retirement-income security and capital markets : an international perspective. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1995.

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Ellison, Robin. Pension Fund Reform: A guide to the Social Security Act 1985. London: Certified Accountant Publications for the Association of Certified Accountants, 1986.

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Ellison, Robin. Pension fund reform: A guide to the Social Security Act 1985. London: Longman Professional, 1986.

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Policy, United States Congress Senate Committee on Finance Subcommittee on Social Security and Family. Long-term status of the Social Security Trust Funds: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Social Security and Family Policy of the Committee on Finance, United States Senate, One Hundredth Congress, second session. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1988.

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Capítulos de libros sobre el tema "Pension funds and social security"

Becker, Charles M., Grigori A. Marchenko, Sabit Khakimzhanov, Ai-Gul S. Seitenova y Vladimir Ivliev. "Performance of Pension Funds". En Social Security Reform in Transition Economies, 135–49. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230618022_7.

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Becker, Charles M., Grigori A. Marchenko, Sabit Khakimzhanov, Ai-Gul S. Seitenova y Vladimir Ivliev. "Regulation of Pension Funds". En Social Security Reform in Transition Economies, 179–99. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230618022_9.

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Kuhlmann, Johanna y Frank Nullmeier. "The Formation of a National Capital Stock and the Pension Systems in South Korea and Malaysia". En International Impacts on Social Policy, 371–83. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86645-7_29.

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AbstractThe advantage of building a pension system is not limited to the social security of older people, but can also serve other political, societal, or economic functions. This chapter examines such an interdependence of policy areas by illuminating the relationship between expansive social policy and the export strategy of developmental states, focusing on South Korea and Malaysia. In both countries, contribution-based pension systems—a social insurance scheme in South Korea, and a provident fund in Malaysia—have become a cornerstone of economic development. By accumulating large amounts of money within their pension systems, the governments of both countries have been able to use this money for economic investments within their generally export-oriented economies, thus demonstrating that social policy and international economic interdependence are mutually supportive.

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Dreassi, Alberto, Stefano Miani y Andrea Paltrinieri. "Investment Strategies of Institutional Investors: An International Comparison of Sovereign Pension and Social Security Reserve Funds". En Lending, Investments and the Financial Crisis, 182–207. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137531018_8.

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Nikoupour, Hessam y Narges Akbarpour-Roshan. "Pension funds in Iran". En Social Policy in Iran, 106–35. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003096757-5.

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Watts-Roy, Diane M. y John B. Williamson. "Public Pension Programs – Social Security". En International Handbook of Population Aging, 407–28. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-8356-3_18.

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Raffelhüschen, Bernd. "Funding Social Security Through Pareto-optimal Conversion Policies". En Public Pension Economics, 105–31. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-6665-9_7.

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Hurd, Michael D. "The Effect of Changes in Social Security on Bequests". En Public Pension Economics, 157–76. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-6665-9_9.

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Wiseman, J. "Occupational Pension Schemes 1". En Fringe Benefits, Labour Costs and Social Security, 169–99. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003184706-7.

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Wise, David A. "Firm Pension Policy and Early Retirement". En Age, Work and Social Security, 51–88. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-22668-9_3.

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Actas de conferencias sobre el tema "Pension funds and social security"

Özkan, Turgut y Özge Demirkale. "Private Pension Fund Performance and Comparison with Basic Investment Instruments in Turkey". En International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c06.01435.

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In 2001, after the preparation of legal infrastructure in Turkey, private pension fund system started to be complementary to the Social Security system. There are many expectations from the private pension fund system both socially and economically. Social expectation is to direct individuals to alternative investment instruments to provide additional income for retirement. Economic expectation is to provide long-term funding to support the economic development. Pension fund companies have the most important responsibility to meet these expectations. In this study, the profits of investment instruments and individual pension funds are compared in a long term perspective, using three basic portfolio performance measures. The term between January 2004 and September 2014 have been considered. Investment alternatives have been discussed in detail. BIST100, deposit, gold and currency basket (USD+EUR) are the investment instruments that are compared with individual pension funds. In addition, individual pension funds have been analyzed on company basis and the achievements of the pension fund companies have been revealed during the term mentioned above. According to our analysis, it has been concluded that personal retirement funds lost value considerably, especially due to inflation.

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González-Jaramillo, Víctor. "Simulation of the Ecuadorian Social Security Institute Funds Sustainability Addressing Government Contribution to Retirement Pension in 2015". En The 15th LACCEI International Multi-Conference for Engineering, Education, and Technology: “Global Partnership for Development and Engineering Education”. Latin American and Caribbean Consortium of Engineering Institutions, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18687/laccei2017.1.1.265.

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Cao, Xue. "The Enlightenment of Chile's Pension Fund Investment Management Model to China's Social Security Fund into the Market". En Proceedings of the 2018 8th International Conference on Education and Management (ICEM 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icem-18.2019.68.

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Shershen, Sergey. "Attitude of Russians Toward the Pension System and Pension Funds: Some Leading Trends". En 6th International Conference on Social, economic, and academic leadership (ICSEAL-6-2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200526.006.

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Zhang, Haiyan y Yajuan Yang. "Optimal Control Model of Pension Funds Under Continuous Time". En 2017 13th International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Security (CIS). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cis.2017.00082.

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Fitriati, Rachma y Inggang Perwangsa Nuralam. "Joint Responsibility: A trap in managing social security agency for healthcare social funds?" En Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of Business and Public Administration (AICoBPA 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aicobpa-18.2019.40.

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Rad, Nataliya. "Ukraine Pension System and Financial Markets: Conceptualization Problems". En International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c02.00233.

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The paper analyzes some aspects of Ukrainian pension system formation. All its three levels taken as a whole are a real source for the formation of domestic investment resources and implementation of their potential through financial market instruments. At the present stage relationship of these two institutes is pronounced in the frameworks of non-state pension funds. Implementation of the accumulative level of pension system has only to accelerate processes at work. Investigation is focused on the problems of integrating pension system investment resource into financial market infrastructure. It is noted that in the current conditions infrastructure of domestic financial market is being formed. Its instruments are developed and are functioning irregularly. However, there exist general problems that require their solution. They are related to insufficient operational capacity and efficiency of financial market regulating mechanism and other factors. Analysis of the quality of implementation of financial market basic macroeconomic function associated with redistribution of pension savings allowed us to make conclusion on the incompatibility of the achieved level of its development with the current needs adjusted for pension reform. Proposals for improvement of the concept of pension system and financial market along the lines of their harmonization and enhancement of the functioning efficiency in the context of social-economic development of Ukraine are worked out.

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Yin, Qingmin y Xiaoxue Song. "Correlation Research Based on Cointegration between China In-Market Social Security Funds and Development of China Stock Market". En 2011 International Conference on Management and Service Science (MASS 2011). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmss.2011.5998492.

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Glušac, Danijela. "Regulisanje ugovora o osiguranju života vezanom uz investicione fondove". En XVI Majsko savetovanje. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/upk20.225g.

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Starting from the fact that in the Republic of Serbia life insurance is in the development phase, the author points to the significance of life insurance in national law, as a source of (additional) social security of citizens. Life insurance, as one of the main pillars of insurance in general, is a protection plan that provides beneficiaries in the event of unforeseen events in the form of insured risks covered by a life insurance policy. The work essentially determines the life insurance topic, namely the part relating to the life insurance contract linked to units of investment funds, a type of life insurance contract whose important characteristic is the connection between the classic life insurance and savings contracts in investment funds. In the accordance with current trends in insurance law, in addition to the analysis of the legal framework of the life insurance contracts linked to units of investment funds, and then some of the issues related to this topic, attention is paid to the legal nature and types of this contract. The aim of the paper, respecting article size limit, is to present specific features of the life insurance contracts linked to units of investment funds.

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BRYLEV, Andrei A., Anastasia N. MITROFANOVA y Victoria A. KHOTEEVA. "CHANGING ROLE OF PENSION FUNDS AND INSURANCE COMPANIES AS SOURCES OF HOUSEHOLD WELL-BEING IN THE LONG TERM: THE EXAMPLE OF THE COUNTRIES OF THE FORMER SOVIET UNION". En International Scientific Conference „Contemporary Issues in Business, Management and Economics Engineering". Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/cibmee.2021.644.

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Purpose – the main objective of this study is to assess the impact of investments in pension and insurance schemes on household well-being, based on an analysis of data from the countries of the former Soviet Union in the long term. Research methodology – using empirical analysis, the assets and liabilities of households are examined, divided into the main financial market instruments in the selected countries. Findings – the calculations confirmed the relationship between total household assets and assets held in life insurance reserves and pension schemes. Research limitations – the choice of the countries is determined by the similarity of the economies and the political and social systems. Also, the choice of countries is due to the lack of data, so the number of countries studied was reduced to 6. Practical implications – the results of this study will be useful for national governments and major institutional investors. Originality/Value – although similar studies were conducted on the basis of data from OECD countries, a comparable cross-country analysis was not conducted on the data of the countries of the former Soviet Union. Further, on the basis of the obtained data, it is planned to conduct a correlation and regression analysis to identify the statistical relationship.

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Informes sobre el tema "Pension funds and social security"

Feldstein, Martin. Social Security Pension Reform in China. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, noviembre de 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w6794.

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Hoffmann, Bridget, Tristany Armangue i Jubert y Eric Parrado. Research Insights: Do Sovereign Wealth Funds and Pension Funds Sacrifice Financial Returns to Follow Environmental, Social and Governance Investment Strategies? Inter-American Development Bank, octubre de 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002731.

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Gustman, Alan, Olivia Mitchell, Andrew Samwick y Thomas Steinmeier. Pension and Social Security Wealth in the Health and Retirement Study. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, febrero de 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w5912.

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Clark, Robert, Robert Hammond, Melinda Morrill y David Vanderweide. Annuity Options in Public Pension Plans: The Curious Case of Social Security Leveling. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, marzo de 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w23262.

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García-Gómez, Pilar, Silvia Garcia-Mandicó, Sergi Jimenez-Martin y Judit Vall Castelló. Trends in Employment and Social Security Incentives in the Spanish Pension System: 1980-2016. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, diciembre de 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w25367.

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Lalive, Rafael, Arvind Magesan y Stefan Staubli. The Impact of Social Security on Pension Claiming and Retirement: Active vs. Passive Decisions. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, julio de 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w27616.

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Feldstein, Martin y Elena Ranguelova. Accumulated Pension Collars: A Market Approach to Reducing the Risk of Investment-Based Social Security Reform. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, agosto de 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w7861.

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García-Mantilla, Daniel. PLAC Network Best Practices Series: Target-Income Design of Incentives, Benchmark Portfolios and Performance Metrics for Pension Funds. Inter-American Development Bank, junio de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003599.

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In defined contribution systems, at the end of the accumulation phase the assets in the retirement account are exchanged for a pension. The conversion rate from assets to retirement income (which depends on the level of interest rates) is very volatile, and its variations constitute the main investment risk facing pension fund affiliates. In this sense, performance metrics, management fees and benchmark portfolios that focus on assets (and asset returns) and ignore the variations in the conversion rate, embed several problems: i. they send wrong signals to regulators, fund managers and workers, ii. they provide wrong incentives to pension fund management companies, and iii. they leave pension fund affiliates exposed to their largest risk factor, even during the last few years preceding their retirement date. We find that regulatory incentives with these fundamental problems are ubiquitous in the region. The document presents a series of best practices, and delivers a practical set of tools to assist regulators and supervisors in designing a framework that improves security and sufficiency of retirement income, and provides relevant and timely information to pension fund affiliates. The framework achieves that by fostering an integration of the accumulation and the payout phases, and an alignment of the regulatory incentives for pension fund management companies with the retirement income objectives of pension fund affiliates. Using historical data from Colombia as a case study, the document illustrates and quantifies the improvements in terms of pension benefits and retirement income security that the proposed framework could bring.

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Gustman, Alan, Thomas Steinmeier y Nahid Tabatabai. The Social Security Windfall Elimination and Government Pension Offset Provisions for Public Employees in the Health and Retirement Study. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, diciembre de 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w19724.

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Abel, Andrew. The Effects of Investing Social Security Funds in the Stock Market When Fixed Costs Prevent Some Households from Holding Stocks. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, junio de 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w7739.

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