Bibliografías temáticas / Peer rejection

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Literatura académica sobre el tema "Peer rejection"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 4 de junio de 2021

Última modificación: 20 de febrero de 2023

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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Peer rejection"

LAIRD, ROBERT D., KRISTI Y. JORDAN, KENNETH A. DODGE, GREGORY S. PETTIT y JOHN E. BATES. "Peer rejection in childhood, involvement with antisocial peers in early adolescence, and the development of externalizing behavior problems". Development and Psychopathology 13, n.º 2 (16 de mayo de 2001): 337–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579401002085.

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A longitudinal, prospective design was used to examine the roles of peer rejection in middle childhood and antisocial peer involvement in early adolescence in the development of adolescent externalizing behavior problems. Both early starter and late starter pathways were considered. Classroom sociometric interviews from ages 6 through 9 years, adolescent reports of peers' behavior at age 13 years, and parent, teacher, and adolescent self-reports of externalizing behavior problems from age 5 through 14 years were available for 400 adolescents. Results indicate that experiencing peer rejection in elementary school and greater involvement with antisocial peers in early adolescence are correlated but that these peer relationship experiences may represent two different pathways to adolescent externalizing behavior problems. Peer rejection experiences, but not involvement with antisocial peers, predict later externalizing behavior problems when controlling for stability in externalizing behavior. Externalizing problems were most common when rejection was experienced repeatedly. Early externalizing problems did not appear to moderate the relation between peer rejection and later problem behavior. Discussion highlights multiple pathways connecting externalizing behavior problems from early childhood through adolescence with peer relationship experiences in middle childhood and early adolescence.

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McLachlan, Julie, Melanie J. Zimmer-Gembeck y Leanne McGregor. "Rejection Sensitivity in Childhood and Early Adolescence: Peer Rejection and Protective Effects of Parents and Friends". Journal of Relationships Research 1, n.º 1 (1 de noviembre de 2010): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/jrr.1.1.31.

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AbstractTheory suggests that rejection sensitivity, a social cognitive processing style characterised by anxious and angry expectations of rejection, develops from experiences of rejection or acceptance by others. The purpose of this study of 417 children and early adolescents (age 9 to 13) was to examine how relationship experiences are directly and interactively associated with their rejection sensitivity. In a multivariate analysis, there was an association of rejection by parents and by peers with rejection sensitivity, with a stronger association between peer rejection and sensitivity than between parent rejection and sensitivity. Regarding interactive effects, peer rejection was found to have a strong association with rejection sensitivity among participants with low or high parent acceptance, and among those with high friendship satisfaction. Yet, there was evidence of a stronger association between peer rejection and rejection sensitivity among those with low parent acceptance or high friendship quality. This was because rejection sensitivity was highest when peer rejection was high and parent acceptance was low, and sensitivity was lowest when peer rejection was low and friendship quality was high. Findings show how young people's relationships in different domains uniquely co-vary with rejection sensitivity and interact in accounting for angry and anxious expectations of rejection by others.

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Rodman, Alexandra M., Katherine E. Powers y Leah H. Somerville. "Development of self-protective biases in response to social evaluative feedback". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, n.º 50 (27 de noviembre de 2017): 13158–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1712398114.

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Adolescence is a developmental period marked by heightened attunement to social evaluation. While adults have been shown to enact self-protective processes to buffer their self-views from evaluative threats like peer rejection, it is unclear whether adolescents avail themselves of the same defenses. The present study examines how social evaluation shapes views of the self and others differently across development. N = 107 participants ages 10–23 completed a reciprocal social evaluation task that involved predicting and receiving peer acceptance and rejection feedback, along with assessments of self-views and likability ratings of peers. Here, we show that, despite equivalent experiences of social evaluation, adolescents internalized peer rejection, experiencing a feedback-induced drop in self-views, whereas adults externalized peer rejection, reporting a task-induced boost in self-views and deprecating the peers who rejected them. The results identify codeveloping processes underlying why peer rejection may lead to more dramatic alterations in self-views during adolescence than other phases of the lifespan.

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Lorijn, Sofie J., Maaike C. Engels, Mark Huisman y René Veenstra. "Long-Term Effects of Acceptance and Rejection by Parents and Peers on Educational Attainment: A Study from Pre-Adolescence to Early Adulthood". Journal of Youth and Adolescence 51, n.º 3 (5 de octubre de 2021): 540–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10964-021-01506-z.

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AbstractAcceptance and rejection by parents and peers play an important role in pre-adolescents’ educational outcomes. Prior research focused on either parents or peers, did not encompass effects into adulthood, or considered either acceptance or rejection. This study investigated the relation between parental and peer acceptance and rejection, and their interplay, in pre-adolescence and educational attainment in early adulthood. A sample of 2229 pre-adolescents (Mage T1 = 11.11, SD = 0.56; 50.7% girls) was followed to early adulthood (Mage T5 = 22.29, SD = 0.65). Ordinal logistic regression showed that pre-adolescents’ perceived parental acceptance was positively related to educational attainment in early adulthood, whereas peer rejection was negatively related, even when WISC score and socioeconomic status were considered. No interaction effects were found, revealing no “dual-hit effect” of being rejected by parents and peers, no “dual-miss effect” of being accepted by parents and peers, and no effects of acceptance in one context (i.e., parents or peers) buffering the negative effect of rejection in the other context. The findings underscore unique and long-term links of parental acceptance and peer rejection with early adults’ educational attainment, underlining the importance of not only peers but also parents in adolescence. These insights can be used in promoting long-term educational outcomes through relationships with parents and peers.

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Studer, Marlena M., Steven R. Asher y John D. Coie. "Peer Rejection in Childhood." Contemporary Sociology 20, n.º 4 (julio de 1991): 628. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2071877.

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Pollock, Neal W. "Rejection Under Peer Review". Wilderness & Environmental Medicine 30, n.º 1 (marzo de 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wem.2018.12.007.

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King, Kevin M., Katie A. McLaughlin, Jennifer Silk y Kathryn C. Monahan. "Peer effects on self-regulation in adolescence depend on the nature and quality of the peer interaction". Development and Psychopathology 30, n.º 4 (21 de noviembre de 2017): 1389–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579417001560.

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AbstractAdolescence is a critical period for the development of self-regulation, and peer interactions are thought to strongly influence regulation ability. Simple exposure to peers has been found to alter decisions about risky behaviors and increase sensitivity to rewards. The link between peer exposure and self-regulation is likely to vary as a function of the type and quality of peer interaction (e.g., rejection or acceptance). Little is known about how the nature of interactions with peers influences different dimensions of self-regulation. We examined how randomization to acceptance or rejection by online “virtual” peers influenced multiple dimensions of self-regulation in a multisite community sample of 273 adolescents aged 16–17 years. Compared to a neutral condition, exposure to peers produced increases in cold cognitive control, but decreased hot cognitive control. Relative to peer acceptance, peer rejection reduced distress tolerance and increased sensitivity to losses. These findings suggest that different dimensions of adolescent self-regulation are influenced by the nature of the peer context: basic cognitive functions are altered by mere exposure to peers, whereas more complex decision making and emotion regulation processes are influenced primarily by the quality of that exposure.

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Mustafina, Aigul, Sultankozha Amitov y Joyce Lai-Chong Ma. "Multiple Levels of Factors Protecting Against Peer Rejection in Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder". SAGE Open 12, n.º 1 (enero de 2022): 215824402210821. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21582440221082147.

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This study investigated both the risk factors and the protective factors against peer rejection at multiple levels in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and their typically developing peers. Using standard sociometric procedure, we studied the peer rejection of 108 children with ADHD (aged 7 to 12) and their classmates of the same sex and age ( n = 108). Risk factors (i.e., emotional/behavioral difficulties, academic performance, conflicts in the student-teacher relationship, parental rejection) predicted peer rejection in both groups, but the quality of relationships with teachers had a stronger predictive power in children with ADHD. Protective factors at multiple levels: individual ( extracurricular activity), family ( parental warmth and family social support), social ( school social support and friendship), compensated for all the risks of peer rejection in children with ADHD. However, the effect of prosocial behavior was insignificant after controlling for emotional/behavioral problems. Only school social support and friendship moderated the relationship between rejection and the risk factors in children with ADHD. Compensatory and moderating effects of all factors were found in the comparison group. Prevention and intervention of the peer rejection of children with ADHD should be focused on multiple levels of factors, especially social ones.

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Morrow, Michael T., Julie A. Hubbard, Meghan D. McAuliffe, Ronnie M. Rubin y Karen F. Dearing. "Childhood aggression, depressive symptoms, and peer rejection: The mediational model revisited". International Journal of Behavioral Development 30, n.º 3 (mayo de 2006): 240–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165025406066757.

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The goals of the current study were to investigate whether peer rejection mediated the relation between aggression and depressive symptoms in childhood, and if so, whether this mediational pathway was specific to the reactive subtype of aggression. Participants were 57 second-grade children (22 girls and 35 boys). Data on reactive aggression, proactive aggression, depressive symptoms, and peer rejection were collected from four sources (parents, teachers, peers, and self). Results revealed that reactive aggression, but not proactive aggression, was positively related to depressive symptoms. Furthermore, peer rejection partially mediated the relation between reactive aggression and depressive symptoms.

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Ševčíková, Anna, Hana Macháčková, Michelle F. Wright, Lenka Dědková y Alena Černá. "Social Support Seeking in Relation to Parental Attachment and Peer Relationships Among Victims of Cyberbullying". Journal of Psychologists and Counsellors in Schools 25, n.º 2 (8 de abril de 2015): 170–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jgc.2015.1.

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Victims use social support seeking (SSS) to buffer the negative effects of cyberbullying. It is unknown whether cyber-victims’ perceptions of harm and having poor peer and parental relationships influence SSS. Using a sample of 451 cyberbullying-victims, aged 12–18, 68% girls, this study examined relationships of gender, harm, peer rejection, parental attachment, offline victimisation and online aggression to SSS, and tested the interaction of harm with peer rejection and parental attachment. Findings from logistic regression revealed that poor parental attachment and higher peer rejection decreased SSS, and that the association between parental attachment and SSS was stronger among cyber-victims with higher harm. This study highlights the importance of assessing cyber-victims’ attachment and experiences with their peers when implementing preventative intervention programs.

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Tesis sobre el tema "Peer rejection"

Hanna, Jayne. "Conformity and peer rejection". Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6548.

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This study examined adolescent conformity involving peer rejection in the face of a negative group opinion. 192 adolescents rated the likeability of a hypothetical peer prior to and after exposure to an apparently negative group opinion of the peer. The measure of conformity was derived from the difference between likeability ratings of the hypothetical peer before and after exposure to the negative group norm. Subjects participated in either friendship cliques or non-clique groups, and expected either that the other group members would see their opinions (public condition) or that their opinions would be kept to themselves (private condition). Overall, subjects conformed more in clique groups than in groups comprised of non-clique members. However, this effect was dependent on both sex and surveillance variables. Females conformed the most when they both were in their cliques and expected their group members to see their opinions. Conversely, males conformed most when they were also in their cliques, but expected their opinions to be kept to themselves. Fear of negative evaluation did not correlate significantly with conformity behaviour. Implications of these findings for the role of conformity in peer rejection are discussed.

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Lopez, Cristy Rene. "Peer victimization and rejection in early adolescence /". free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3036844.

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Derry, Catherine. "Women's recollections of childhood peer rejection in school". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ59240.pdf.

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Morrow, Michael T. "Childhood aggression, depressive symptoms, and the experience of peer rejection". Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file 0.24 Mb., 52 p, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1435923.

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Dick, Julie. "The Influence of Competitiveness on Aggression and Peer Rejection in Youth over Time". Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/36243.

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The temporal association between aggression, peer rejection, and competitiveness (i.e., the evaluation of one’s own skills and abilities compared to those of another) was examined in a sample of 615 students assessed yearly from grades 7 to 12. Using path analysis, results indicated that competitiveness predicted aggression at every time point with one exception (grade 11 to 12). Competitiveness and peer rejection were found to have a negative reciprocal association, and aggression and peer rejection were shown to be reciprocally related. Competitiveness, aggression, and peer rejection were each statistically significantly stable over time. Implications, limitations, and future directions are discussed.

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Goodman, Kimberly L. "Children's Coping with Peer Rejection Experiences: The Regulating Role of Emotion". VCU Scholars Compass, 2006. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1405.

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The primary purpose of this investigation was to examine the role of emotions as predictors of children's coping responses to peer rejection experiences. This study also explored how children's emotional experience and coping behaviors were related to gender, peer socialization (i.e., receiving prosocial acts by peers and previous victimization experiences), and indices of psychopathology. Children ages 7-12 (N=53) completed questionnaires to assess emotional and coping responses to hypothetical peer rejection scenarios, symptoms of depression and anxiety, and peer experiences. Overall, findings suggested that emotion-related factors (emotion states and more stable "emotional tendencies" such as psychological symptoms) and social context (i.e., children's prosocial peer experiences and victimization) are important predictors of children's coping with peer rejection. Children's emotions predicted coping responses after controlling for peer experiences. Discrete emotions were uniquely associated with coping responses, indicating that coping responses are emotionally-driven. Finally, gender emerged as a predictor of children's emotions in response to rejection experiences. Girls were more likely than boys to anticipate feeling sad or worried inresponse to rejection. These findings provide an empirical foundation for future research and the development of interventions to facilitate adaptive reactions to peer rejection.

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Maras, Melissa Ann. "An Evaluation of the Relationship between Peer Rejection and Reciprocated Friendships". Miami University / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1118852983.

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Rubin, Ronnie M. "Children's beliefs about peer relations links to peer rejection, depression, aggression, and the beliefs of parents and teachers /". Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 110 p, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1342734151&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Halliburton, Amanda E. "Piloting the Use of Acceptance, Cognitive Defusion, and Values, in Reducing Experiential Avoidance and its Consequences Among Youth Rejected by Peers". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/81404.

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Peer rejection (PR) can be damaging to cognitive and emotional well being and lead to risky behavioral consequences (e.g., violence, increased peer pressure susceptibility), particularly for adolescents (Sebastian et al., 2010; Williams, 2007). Interventions designed to minimize the impact of and repair damage related to PR in youth have been somewhat successful (e.g., Mikami et al., 2005), although the need for further research into potentially pliable mechanisms underlying adolescent peer relationships remains. One suggested mediating factor is experiential avoidance (EA), which is the major target of acceptance- and mindfulness-based interventions such as Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT; see Hayes, 2004 for a review). The present study built on the recommendations of Biglan et al. (2008) and Theodore-Oklota et al. (2014) in designing and implementing a prevention program aimed at reducing EA of PR experiences, with the hope of minimizing cognitive, emotional and behavioral consequences of PR. For this initial pilot, selected ACT components (acceptance, cognitive defusion, and values) were presented in age-appropriate form to six participants over five individual intervention sessions. The program was successful in reducing EA and cognitive fusion and/or improving mindfulness and acceptance for most participants, with some exceptions. Additionally, results showed a decrease in existing symptomatology for several participants (e.g., anger, depression, poor self-concept, overall stress). However, value congruence was not significantly improved for any of the six completers. Results are discussed in terms of theoretical implications and recommendations for further research, particularly in terms of how the existing pilot intervention could be altered and augmented to maximize effectiveness.
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Platt, Belinda J. "The role of peer rejection in adolescent depression : genetic, neural and cognitive correlates". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:3a1ae868-2b62-4411-a5da-15699d9ac604.

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Adolescent depression is a major public health problem, which is associated with educational problems, long-term psychiatric illness and suicide. One major source of stress during adolescence is peer rejection. In this thesis, I investigate the nature of the relationship between peer rejection and adolescent depression. In a review of longitudinal and experimental studies, I describe a bi-directional relationship between peer rejection and depressive symptoms. I then outline how genetic, cognitive and neural vulnerability may modify the effects of peer rejection on adolescent depression. Finally, I introduce five empirical chapters which test these hypotheses using different methodological approaches. The first study is a molecular genetic analysis of a sample of adolescents with and without a diagnosis of mood disorder. I report an interaction between diagnostic group, environmental stress (though not peer rejection specifically) and 5HTTLPR genotype on symptoms of anxiety, which supports the role of genetic factors in modifying the relationship between environmental stress and adolescent mood disorder. The second study is a behavioural study of negative attention biases in a typically developing sample of adolescents. I report a negative attention bias in adolescents with low (versus high) self-esteem. Although the data do not support a causal role for attention biases in adolescent depression, such biased cognitions could also moderate responses to peer rejection, maintaining affective symptoms. A final set of three fMRI datasets investigates how neural circuitry may influence depressed adolescents’ responses to peer rejection at three distinct stages: i) expectation of peer feedback, ii) the receipt of peer rejection, iii) emotion regulation of peer rejection. Data show distinct behavioural and neural differences between depressed patients and healthy controls during expectation and reappraisal of peer rejection, although heightened emotional reactivity immediately following the receipt of peer rejection did not differentiate behavioural or neural responses in adolescents with and without depression.

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Libros sobre el tema "Peer rejection"

R, Asher Steven y Coie John D, eds. Peer rejection in childhood. Cambridge [England]: Cambridge University Press, 1990.

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Brendgen, Rosemarie. Peer rejection and friendship quality: A view from both friends' perspectives. Berlin: Max-Planck-Institut für Bildungsforschung, 1996.

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H, Cillessen Antonius y Bukowski William M, eds. Recent advances in the measurement of acceptance and rejection in the peer system. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers, 2000.

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Kampe, Kristina E. Behavioural and self-perception correlates of peer status in learning disabled children. Ottawa: National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1993.

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McCoy, Kathy. Life happens: A teenager's guide to friends, failure, sexuality, love, rejection, addiction, peer pressure, families, loss, depression, change, and other challenges of living. New York, NY: Berkley Pub. Group, 1996.

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J, Harris Monica, ed. Bullying, rejection, and peer victimization a social cognitive neuroscience perspective. New York: Springer, 2009.

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Rubin, Kenneth H., Julie C. Bowker, Kristina L. McDonald y Melissa Menzer. Peer Relationships in Childhood. Editado por Philip David Zelazo. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199958474.013.0011.

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The significance of peers in the lives of children and adolescents is described. The chapter begins with a discussion of theory relevant to the study of peer interactions, relationships, and groups. Next examined are the prevalence, stability, and characteristics of children’s friendships, the psychosocial correlates and consequences of having a mutual friendship and of having friendships with others who are experiencing adjustment difficulties. Thereafter, sections are focused on the assessment of peer acceptance, rejection, and popularity, and the behavioral, social-cognitive, affective, and self-system concomitants and longitudinal outcomes of peer acceptance and rejection. Subsequently, the extant literature pertaining to child and adolescent peer groups, cliques, and crowds is described. In the next section, the growing literature on culture and peer relationships is discussed. Then, in the summary, we present a transactional, developmental framework for understanding individual differences in children’s peer relationships experiences.

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French, Doran C. y Hoi Shan Cheung. Peer Relationships. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190847128.003.0007.

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This chapter examines how adolescents’ peer relations are contextualized within cultural norms and values. Across cultures, differences in demography, time use, and activity settings are identified as contributors to the varying patterns observed in adolescent social networks, friendships, and romantic relationships. This chapter also reviews status hierarchies related to peer acceptance and rejection, popularity, and bullying in different cultures and discusses the contributions of peers to adolescents’ academic success and engagement in deviant behaviors. We conclude with a recommendation to conduct more research on peer relationships outside of North America, especially focusing on time use and peer activities, cultural norms and values, neurological development and the impact of these on adolescent social competence and risk-taking behavior.

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McSweeney, Denise. Aggression and peer rejection among 5th class children in Limerick city. 2004.

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Capítulos de libros sobre el tema "Peer rejection"

Zakriski, Audrey, Marlene Jacobs y John Coie. "Coping with Childhood Peer Rejection". En Issues in Clinical Child Psychology, 423–51. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2677-0_15.

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McDonald, Kristina L. y Carolyn E. Gibson. "Peer Rejection and Disruptive Behavioral Disorders". En The Wiley Handbook of Disruptive and Impulse-Control Disorders, 323–38. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119092254.ch20.

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Coie, John D., Mark Belding y Marion Underwood. "Aggression and Peer Rejection in Childhood". En Advances in Clinical Child Psychology, 125–58. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-9829-5_3.

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Sandstrom, Marlene J. y Audrey L. Zakriski. "Understanding the experience of peer rejection." En Children's peer relations: From development to intervention., 101–18. Washington: American Psychological Association, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/10653-006.

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Hance, Margaret, Daisy Hernandez y Ginette Blackhart. "Peer Rejection, Gender Differences in Response to". En Encyclopedia of Evolutionary Psychological Science, 1–5. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16999-6_2448-1.

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Butler, J. Corey. "Peer Rejection, Sex Differences in Initiation Of". En Encyclopedia of Evolutionary Psychological Science, 1–3. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16999-6_2449-1.

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Hance, Margaret, Daisy Hernandez y Ginette Blackhart. "Peer Rejection, Gender Differences in Response to". En Encyclopedia of Evolutionary Psychological Science, 5851–55. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19650-3_2448.

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Butler, J. Corey. "Peer Rejection, Sex Differences in Initiation of". En Encyclopedia of Evolutionary Psychological Science, 5855–57. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19650-3_2449.

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Coie, John D., Christina Christopoulos, Robert Terry, Kenneth A. Dodge y John E. Lochman. "Types of Aggressive Relationships, Peer Rejection, and Developmental Consequences". En Social Competence in Developmental Perspective, 223–37. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2442-0_14.

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Cowan, Philip A. y Carolyn Pape Cowan. "From family relationships to peer rejection to antisocial behavior in middle childhood." En Children's peer relations: From development to intervention., 159–77. Washington: American Psychological Association, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/10653-009.

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Actas de conferencias sobre el tema "Peer rejection"

Parnes, Jamie, Ethan Mereish, Samuel Meisel y Hayley Treloar Padovano. "Parental Rejection, Cannabis Craving, and Alcohol Craving among Sexual Minority Youth". En 2021 Virtual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana. Research Society on Marijuana, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.26828/cannabis.2022.01.000.24.

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Parental rejection is associated with poor mental health and addiction liability outcomes for sexual minority youth (SMY; e.g., lesbian, gay, bisexual). Theoretical models purport that SMY who experience greater parental rejection and non-acceptance related to their sexual orientation may have greater risk for substance use, including cannabis and alcohol use. Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies provide initial support for this contention by showing that SMY who perceive heterosexist rejection from their parents have greater substance use as young adults. However, research has yet to examine whether experiencing greater parental rejection is associated with drug craving as an adolescent. Understanding the impact of parental rejection at this level may be of particular importance, as sexual minority young adults report greater alcohol craving in response to heterosexist stigma, above and beyond general negative mood. Since adolescent cannabis and alcohol use are influenced by contextual factors (e.g., availability), craving has been examined as a salient proxy for substance use in this population. This study leveraged data collected from ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to examine how varying levels of heterosexist parental rejection may influence in-the-moment levels of cannabis and alcohol craving. SMY who used nicotine were recruited for an EMA study. Participants completed a baseline survey measuring lifetime parent rejection experiences (M = 0.34, SD = 0.33) and a timeline followback of past-month substance use. Next, participants completed a 30-day EMA period where they responded to approximately 5 random prompts per day measuring current level of cannabis and alcohol craving (range 0 to 10). The analytic sample included a subset of SMY who reported baseline cannabis (n = 37) or alcohol (n = 32) use. Craving was dichotomized to either no craving (0) or any craving (1). Multilevel logistic regression was conducted using N = 2,885 observations to examine the associations between baseline parental rejection and momentary substance craving, controlling for baseline substance use frequency, weekday versus weekend, time of day, age, and presence of peers. Results indicated that greater baseline parental rejection was associated with greater odds of reporting momentary cannabis craving (b = 1.71, p = .05, OR = 5.51) and alcohol craving (b = 2.53, p = .035, OR = 12.55) in the natural environment. Findings underscore the influence of parental rejection on adolescent substance craving. SMY who experience greater parental rejection likely perceive having less supportive parental relationships. Consistent with the minority stress model, SMY may be more likely to experience identity-related distress (e.g., heterosexist parental rejection) and, in turn, may use cannabis and alcohol to cope. This may explain why parental rejection experiences were related to greater day-to-day substance cravings. Clinical implications support the importance of providing family interventions to reduce parental rejection for SMY, as these may result in a myriad of benefits, possibly including reduced substance use craving. Future research should examine how lifetime versus recent parental rejection experiences may influence SMY substance craving.

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Reddicharla, Nagaraju, Subba Ramarao Rachapudi, Indra Utama, Furqan Ahmed Khan, Prabhker Reddy Vanam, Saber Mubarak Al Nuimi y Mayada Ali Sultan Ali. "A Novel Well Test Data Analyzer and Process Optimizer Using Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Techniques". En SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/206137-ms.

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Abstract Well testing is one of the vital process as part of reservoir performance monitoring. As field matures with increase in number of well stock, testing becomes tedious job in terms of resources (MPFM and test separators) and this affect the production quota delivery. In addition, the test data validation and approval follow a business process that needs up to 10 days before to accept or reject the well tests. The volume of well tests conducted were almost 10,000 and out of them around 10 To 15 % of tests were rejected statistically per year. The objective of the paper is to develop a methodology to reduce well test rejections and timely raising the flag for operator intervention to recommence the well test. This case study was applied in a mature field, which is producing for 40 years that has good volume of historical well test data is available. This paper discusses the development of a data driven Well test data analyzer and Optimizer supported by artificial intelligence (AI) for wells being tested using MPFM in two staged approach. The motivating idea is to ingest historical, real-time data, well model performance curve and prescribe the quality of the well test data to provide flag to operator on real time. The ML prediction results helps testing operations and can reduce the test acceptance turnaround timing drastically from 10 days to hours. In Second layer, an unsupervised model with historical data is helping to identify the parameters that affecting for rejection of the well test example duration of testing, choke size, GOR etc. The outcome from the modeling will be incorporated in updating the well test procedure and testing Philosophy. This approach is being under evaluation stage in one of the asset in ADNOC Onshore. The results are expected to be reducing the well test rejection by at least 5 % that further optimize the resources required and improve the back allocation process. Furthermore, real time flagging of the test Quality will help in reduction of validation cycle from 10 days hours to improve the well testing cycle process. This methodology improves integrated reservoir management compliance of well testing requirements in asset where resources are limited. This methodology is envisioned to be integrated with full field digital oil field Implementation. This is a novel approach to apply machine learning and artificial intelligence application to well testing. It maximizes the utilization of real-time data for creating advisory system that improve test data quality monitoring and timely decision-making to reduce the well test rejection.

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Baxi, C. B. "Dry Cooling Towers for GT-MHR". En Fourth International Topical Meeting on High Temperature Reactor Technology. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/htr2008-58182.

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Due to problems with the availability and the price of water, and the concerns relating to adverse environmental effects of wet cooling systems, the need for water conserving cooling systems has been increasing. Presently, dry cooling accounts for over 30,000 MWe of capacity in more than 30 countries. GT-MHR is specially suited for use of dry cooling due to 1) high efficiency, 2) high heat rejection temperatures and 3) large temperature difference between the turbine inlet and heat rejection temperatures. Higher efficiency means the amount of energy rejected to the cooling per MWe is less. The majority of heat is rejected in precooler and intercooler at helium temperature of more than 100 °C. This results in higher temperature difference for heat rejection. Also due to large temperature difference between the turbine inlet and heat rejection temperatures, changes in ambient temperature have a smaller effect on overall thermal efficiency. Preliminary evaluation shows that pure dry cooling is economical for GT-MHR for water cost of more than 0.8$/m3 and power cost of 3.5 c/kWh. A combination of dry and wet cooling can reduce large percentage of the water use without affecting the efficiency.

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Segura Baró, Sílvia. "Planificar el llocs del rebuig: identificació de la invisibilitat del lloc a través del planejament per resoldre la problemàtica existent". En Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Barcelona: Facultad de Arquitectura. Universidad de la República, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.6135.

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Els llocs del rebuig sorgeixen a partir de la tensa relació que s’estableix entre home i natura. Són llocs que acumulen rebuig i alhora són rebutjats per la comunitat, una dualitat explosiva que aflora una problemàtica existent. Cal buscar solucions des del planejament territorial al conflicte generat, ja que són territoris que han sofert una triple fractura econòmica, ecològica i social; des del desplaçament de la comunitat, augment de l’atur, presència de materials tòxics i contaminació, empobriment de la població, ... Així doncs, el planejament ha d’establir estratègies per anticipar-se a la problemàtica del lloc i ha de tenir la capacitat de detectar i reconèixer allò intangible, allò que no es veu i allò que no es vol. El rebuig fa que el lloc esdevingui invisible, per la comunitat, per les autoritats, per les forces econòmiques. Cal identificar els valors d’aquest territori per fer-lo visible de nou, i el paisatge és l’eina que ens ofereix el planejament territorial per establir les noves pautes de recuperació, ja que té la sensibilitat suficient per analitzar de manera transversal els llocs del rebuig i per tant, aportar solucions a través de la planificació en aquests llocs. The rejection sites grow up from the strained relation between man and nature. They are sites that accumulate whatever we reject, like waste sites, and they are also rejected by the community, an explosive duality that shows a really existing problem. We have to look for measures from the regional development to the conflict produced, in the way that they are territories who have suffered a triple fracture, in the economical, ecological and social way; from the community moving, to the losing of employments, the big presence of toxic materials and pollution, impoverishment of the population, etc... In this case, the regional development had to establish strategies to anticipate the trouble of the site and it has to have the capacity to detect and recognize whatever is intangible, whatever is invisible and whatever is unwanted. The rejection makes the site become invisible, for the community, for decision makers, for economical players. The territory values need to be identified in order to make it visible again. Landscape is the tool offered by territorial planning to establish new refurbishment procedures, as it possesses the sufficient sensibility to analyze transversally the rejection places, bringing along solutions through planning in these sites.

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Nolte, David, Shadia Jalal y Ran An. "Twin-Neural-Network Differential Autoencoder and Dynamic-Contrast Optical Coherence Tomography for Cancer Diagnostics". En CLEO: Applications and Technology. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_at.2022.am5i.6.

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Dynamic-contrast optical coherence tomography (OCT) using en face digital holography senses intracellular dynamics in living tumor tissue. Intracellular motions produce ultra-low-frequency Doppler shifts for speeds down to nanometers per second (10 mHz) and up to microns per second (10 Hz). Cancer drugs applied to human tumor biopsies induce changes in these dynamics and produce specific Doppler signatures of therapeutic efficacy. We have developed a new type of deep neural network that performs as a differential autoencoder with high common-mode rejection that isolates Doppler signatures associated with drug response and patient outcomes. The differential autoencoder is applied to Doppler signals from a clinical trial of esophageal cancer patients.

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Mousavi, Mahdi S. y S. Alireza Davari. "A novel maximum torque per ampere and active disturbance rejection control considering core saturation for induction motor". En 2018 9th Annual Power Electronics, Drives Systems and Technologies Conference (PEDSTC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pedstc.2018.8343816.

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Cullen, John J. y Hugh L. MacIntyre. "The case for using the Most Probable Number (MPN) method in ballast water management system type approval testing". En IMarEST Ballast Water Technology Conference. IMarEST, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.24868/bwtc6.2017.010.

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Recently, the U.S. Coast Guard (USCG) rejected the Serial Dilution Culture-Most Probable Number (SDC-MPN) method for enumerating viable phytoplankton cells in ballast water discharge as an alternate to their prescribed method — the Environmental Technology Verification (ETV) Protocol. This method distinguishes living from dead organisms using vital stains and motility. Succinctly, the USCG position has been that the ETV Protocol is a reliable and repeatable efficacy test and the SDC-MPN method is not. New evidence and an expanded consideration of published research supports a fundamentally different assessment. A peer-reviewed quantitative evaluation of ETV vital stains for 24 species of phytoplankton has conclusively established that the ETV Protocol, even with observations of motility, is not reliable for all species. In contrast, published results suggest that errors in the method were small for the limited number of locations studied to date. It is possible that the communities tested in these were dominated by species that can be classified accurately using vital stains. Even so, it must be acknowledged that the reliability and accuracy of vital stains is untested for thousands of species of phytoplankton. Introduced in 1951, the SDC-MPN method for phytoplankton is an established approach for use with multi-species communities. As applied to ballast water testing, SDC-MPN is much less vulnerable to methodological uncertainties than has been assumed. Notably, all species of phytoplankton need not be cultured in the conventional sense. Rather, a single viable cell in a dilution tube need grow only enough to be detected — a requirement known to have been met by otherwise uncultured species. Further, delayed restoration of viability after treatment with ultraviolet radiation (UV) is not a problem: organisms repair UV damage quickly or not at all, consistent with the assumptions of the test. Two critical methodological failures could compromise protection of the environment in ballast water testing: living organisms that do not stain or move, and viable organisms that do not grow to detection in the MPN cultures. These can be assessed with complementary measurements, but importantly, the relative protection of each method can be evaluated by comparing counts of living cells from the ETV Protocol with counts of viable cell from SDC-MPN in untreated samples. Available evidence provides no basis for concluding that either method is consistently less protective. However, as applied in ballast water testing, the statistical estimate of MPN is less precise. On this basis, SDC-MPN is worse for a single test. But, counter-intuitively, it is more protective of the environment when five consecutive tests must be passed for type approval, because the likelihood of one false rejection out of five tests is higher and five false passes would be exceedingly rare. Addressing only the science, we conclude that both the ETV Protocol and the SDC-MPN method, though imperfect, are currently appropriate for assessing the efficacy of ballast water management systems in a type-approval testing regime. In closing, we show proof of concept for a rapid assay of viability, benchmarked against SDC-MPN, that could be well suited for routine assessment of treatment system performance.

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Hill, Joshua y Farbod Fahimi. "Active Disturbance Rejection for Bipedal Walk of a Humanoid Robot Using the Motions of the Arms". En ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-62270.

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A control system for the walking of a redundant biped robot in the swing phase is considered. The biped is a humanoid with 6DOF per leg and 3DOF per arm. The controller will be based on a full kinematic model of the robot to depict a more accurate behavior of the robot. The arms of the robot are used to compensate for disturbances the robot may experience during walking. Instead of controlling the robots ZMP, keeping it within the support polygon, all six foot support reaction components are controlled. First, a “shoe” with force sensors detect the forces and moments on the foot for feedback. The feedback from the joint servos provide position and velocity information. The support reaction and the joint position/velocities are fedback to a sliding mode controller, which makes adjustments to the arm links’ acceleration to compensate the shift in the reaction components. Simulations show the comparison of the ZMP shift when disturbances are applied with and without controlling the reaction forces to prove the effectiveness of the approach.

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Becerra Villanueva, Jose´ A., Francisco J. Jime´nez-Espadafor Aguilar, Elisa Carvajal Trujillo, Ricardo Chacartegui Rami´rez y Miguel Torres Garci´a. "Analysis of Steam Turbine Instabilities of a 100 MW Combined Cycle Power Plant". En ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-38506.

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An analysis of the vibration field of the steam turbine in a combined cycle power plant has been used to identify the causes of the plant rejection at commissioning. The steam turbine group consists of a high pressure turbine connected through a gear box to a medium and low pressure turbine. The high vibration level in the main steam turbine journal bearings caused the plant can’t reach nominal power 100 MW, and at approximately 43 MW the plant was rejected. Vibration is measured through proximity non-contact sensors (two per bearing at 90°), which give relative displacements between shafts and the bearing housing. Accelerometers are also located in the bearing housing. The analysis carried out included: • Field measurements; • Critical speeds dynamic model (API 684 guidelines); • Comparison with the API 684 stability test. As a result of this study, the authors found that excessive vibration was caused by a rotor instability phenomenon, “steam whirl”, and that it led to plant rejection. The main conclusions from this work are: • The vibration rejection of the combined cycle plant was due to an excess in the maximum permissible vibration value at synchronism speed, which always occurred at 43 MW. • The excessive vibration level was caused by rotor instabilities at the rotor shaft in the high-pressure steam turbine. The main vibratory energy was concentrated in a frequency range 0.38–0.41 × rpm. • The main instability phenomenon was identified as “steam whirl”. • The protocol used as a tool in the stability analysis of the turbine, defined in API 684, shows that the logarithmic decrement at the first modal frequency in the most dangerous situation (minimum gap in bearings) has a value of 0.149, which is higher than the stability threshold defined in the API 684 specification (0.1). In this way, and according to the stability analysis, the steam turbine design would be safe despite the fact that the instability problem appeared.

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Liu, Lixin y Limin Zheng. "AP1000 Plant Typical Operational Transient Analysis". En 2013 21st International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone21-15099.

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According to advanced light water reactor (ALWR) Utility Requirement Document (URD), plant control systems should be designed to meet the specified design requirements for an advanced 1000 MWe class PWR nuclear power plant (NPP). As per the plant design requirements, AP1000 control systems were simulated, and plant thermal-hydraulic performance analysis have been performed with RELAP5 thermal-hydraulic computer code under five typical operational transients, i.e. (a) a step load increase from 15% FP to 25%FP, (b) a step load decrease from 100% FP to 90%FP, (c) +5%/min ramp load increase, (d) large load rejection to house load at full power, (e) normal reactor trip at full power. Based on a preliminary plant performance analysis, it indicates that plant design requirements could be satisfied for AP1000 control systems.

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