Tesis:

1

Byrne, Oonagh Marie Therese. "Incorporation of pea weevil resistance from wild pea (Pisum fulvum) into cultivated field pea (Pisum sativum)". University of Western Australia, 2005. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2005.0132.

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The pea weevil (Bruchus pisorum L.) is the most significant pest of field pea (Pisum sativum L.) in Australia. The only available means for controlling pea weevil at the present time is with chemical pesticides. The aim of this study was to introgress natural pea weevil resistance, derived from the wild pea species, Pisum fulvum Sibth. & Sm. into cultivated field pea and devise strategies for screening for the resistance with breeding applications. Traditional breeding methods were used to transfer pea weevil resistance from P. fulvum accession ‘ATC113’ to cultivated field pea, cv. ‘Pennant’. Progeny derived from this population were examined for inheritance of pod and seed resistance. Seed resistance in F2 plants segregated in a ratio of 1:37:26 (resistant: mixed response: susceptible), indicating a trigenic mode of inheritance (1:63), with at least three major recessive genes controlling pea weevil resistance. Seed resistance was conserved over consecutive generations (F2 to F5) and was successfully transferred to populations crossed with a second adapted field pea variety‘Helena’. Pod resistance presented as a quantitative trait in the F2 population, but this resistance was not retained in subsequent generations. Amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) were sought in the parents and in resistant and susceptible F3 plants. Restricted maximum likelihood (REML) analysis was used to identify 13 AFLP markers with a statistically significant association with pea weevil resistance and 23 with pea weevil susceptibility. Principal coordinate analysis (PCO) showed that the AFLP marker loci formed clusters in the PCO space, which could indicate the three proposed gene locations. Eight AFLP markers were cloned, sequenced and converted to sequence characterised amplified regions (SCAR). Two SCAR markers, SC47359 and SC47435 were polymorphic between the resistant and susceptible parents. Both markers co-segregated with the resistant lines and with 30-36% of susceptible lines. Plants which did not possess either band were highly susceptible. The other PCR products were either monomorphic between the resistant and susceptible parents or produced more than one band product. A range of phenotypic traits was measured in the F2 population derived from the hybridisation between P. fulvum and P. sativum and associations with pea weevil resistance were made. In the F2 population, pea weevil resistance was not correlated with any of the negative traits originating from the wild parent, such as increased basal branching, dark seed coat or small seed size, neither was resistance correlated with flower colour, flowering time or seeds per pod. Pea weevil resistance should therefore be transferable with minimal linkage drag. A convenient morphological marker, such as flower or seed colour was not identified in this study based on these results. Using principal component analysis (PCA) as a visual tool, resistant and semi-resistant plants in the F3 and ‘backcross’ introgression populations were identified with improved trait performance compared with the wild parent

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2

Aked, Julia. "The transport of sugars between pea and pea powdery mildew". Thesis, University of Southampton, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.303286.

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3

Khodapanahi, Ehsan. "Study of field pea accessions for development of an oilseed pea". Thesis, McGill University, 2012. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=106611.

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The global interest in vegetable oil is due to greater environmental concerns and increasing demand for renewable sources of energy in recent decades. In order to meet the growing demand for vegetable oil, oilseed production has increased globally, and needs to be further extended. In warm temperate regions of Canada, protein and vegetable oil are primarily produced by soybean, which is replaced by canola (Brassica napus) and field pea (Pisum sativum) in less temperate regions of western Canada. The objective of this research was to examine a variety of field pea accessions for the total lipid content in the seeds to create a comparable dual purpose (protein and oil) crop for western Canada. The research was initiated by validation of lipid extraction methods, and multiplication of 174 acquired pea accessions in 2009 and 2010 at McGill University (Quebec, Canada). Lipid extraction was carried out by the validated method (the butanol extraction procedure) presented in chapter 2 and applied to the seeds of pea accessions which were grown to maturity as presented in chapter 3. Lipid content ranged from 0.3 % to 6.3 % with the accession (p<0.0001), the year (p=0.0002) and the interaction of accession by year (p <0.0001) being significant factors on the total lipid production in pea seeds. Among the plant characteristics, which were investigated in the research, seed surface type (wrinkled as compared to smooth) had a significant effect (p= 0.001) on the total lipid production in the seeds. The data can contribute to the selective breeding of field pea accessions for specific traits suitable for lipid production
L'intérêt global dans l'huile végétal est due en partie aux problémes environnementaux et en partie à la hausse de la demande pour des ressources d'énergie renouvables ces dernières décennies. Afin de pouvoir répondre à cette hausse de besoin pour l'huile végétal, il y a eu lieu une hausse globale de la production de l'huile de graines, une hausse qui continue d'augmenter. Dans les régions tempérées chauds du Canada, les protéines et les huiles végétales sont produites surtout par les graines de soja. Dans les régions moins tempérées du Canada, les graines de soja sont remplacées par le canola et les pois. L'objectif de cette recherche a été d'examiner une variété de pois desquelles nous avons extracté les lipides afin de définir une variété destinée à produire une récolte à l'Ouest du Canada. Cette récolte de pois visant à: extraire les protéines et l'huile. La recherche a été initiée par la validation des méthodes d'extraction de lipides, et par la multiplication de 174 accessions de pois en 2009 et 2010 à l'Université de McGill (Québec, Canada). L'extraction de lipides a été effectuée par la méthode validée (la procédure d'extraction par le butanol) présenté au chapitre 2 et a été appliquée aux graines de pois d'accessions qui ont été produites jusqu'à maturité maturité (chapitre 3). La quantité de lipides variait de 0.3% à 6.3% selon l'accession (p<0.0001), l'année (p=0.0002) et l'intéraction d'accession par année (p <0.0001). Pour les autres charactérisques des plantes étudiées dans cette recherche, le type de surface des graines (ridée ou lisse) a eu un effet important (p= 0.001) sur la production totale de lipide dans les graines. Ces données peuvent contribuer à facilité la sélection des pois d'accession: en faveur de ceux qui ont un meilleur potentiel pour la production de d'huile végétale.

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4

Hoang, Hieu Duy. "Evaluation of Pea Protein and Modified Pea Protein as Egg Replacers". Diss., North Dakota State University, 2012. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/26825.

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Native yellow pea (Pisum sativum) protein isolates (PPIs) showed good foaming and emulsifying properties but a poor gelling characteristic. However, this can be corrected by Transglutaminase (TGase) treatment. PPIs were obtained using alkaline extraction method in which extracting pH, precipitating pH, flour?to?water ratio, and extraction time were optimized to obtain maximum yields and least change in protein functionalities. Extraction pH of 10.0, precipitating pH of 4.3, flour?to?water ratio of 1:6, and 30 minute extraction time were found to be optimum values for pea protein extraction. SDS?PAGE gels showed that the PPI had a very similar protein molecular weight profile as its original flour. TGase treatment was applied on PPIs at different pH levels from 4.3 to 7.0. The SDS?PAGE and RVA tests showed that treatment at pH 6.0 provided the best overall functionality. Large molecular weight (MW) proteins (~ 90,000 Da) and medium MW proteins (~50,000 ? 80,000 Da) were the main substrates for TGase catalyzed reaction whereas most low MW the proteins (< 45,000 Da) were not involved. RVA results indicated that treatments at pH 6.0 and 7.0 had the highest viscosities but the treatment at pH 6.0 had better stability and consistency. Functionality tests indicated that modified PPIs possessed a better viscosity profile than the native PPIs but no improvement in gelling capacity and only minor impact on foaming and emulsifying properties. PPIs performance greatly depended on their final pHs. The foaming capacity, foaming stability, and emulsion capacity were significantly improved when the final pH of PPIs was adjusted from 4.3 to 7.0. The overall sensory evaluation results suggested that TGase?treated PPIs and PPIs were not yet able to replace egg in the cake system. Only PPI can replace egg in the cookie system. TGase?treated samples had a lower acceptability due to an ?off?taste? and a ?strange? flavor. Future work, therefore, should study TGase combined with other treatments to further improve PPIs functionalities. Purification should be integrated into extraction process and other food systems should also be included to extent the scope and role of modified PPIs in food industry.

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5

Gurgen, Emre. "Pea Protein Isolate Production". Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12606434/index.pdf.

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Pea seeds were tempered at moisture contents of 12.0&
#61617
0.1, 13.0&
#61617
0.1, 14.0&
#61617
0.1 and 15.0&
#61617
0.3%. The seeds with different moisture contents were then milled and fractioned according to the particle size of 53, 106, 212, 425 and 850 &
#956
m. Tempering the pea seeds (12.0&
#61617
0.1, 13.0&
#61617
0.1, 14.0&
#61617
0.1 and 15.0&
#61617
0.3%) did not significantly affect the mass and protein fraction in comparison with the pea seeds that are not tempered (11.45&
#61617
0.05%). For the production of pea protein isolate, aqueous-solvent extraction method was used. The protein was extracted with an alkali solution from the ground pea-seeds and precipitated from the extract by bringing the pH down to isoelectric point (pH=4.5). The precipitated protein was separated from the supernatant by centrifugation. The effects of extraction parameters on the yield of extraction such as pH, particle size, temperature, solvent to solid ratio, and salt were studied. The maximum yields were obtained at these conditions
pH: 12.0 for the alkalinity of the extraction medium, 53 &
#956
m for the particle size, 40&
#61616
C for the extraction temperature, 5.0 for the solvent to solid ratio and 0.0 M for the saline concentration. At these extraction conditions, the maximum protein recovery was 72.75% resulting in a product containing 93.29% protein on a dry basis.

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6

North, Helen Mary. "Pea seed lipoxygenase variants". Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.253646.

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7

McVean, Ross Iolo Kester. "Forecasting pea aphid outbreaks". Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.389386.

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8

Buchman, Natalie L. "Influences of Pea Morphology and Interacting Factors on Pea Aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum)". Ohio : Ohio University, 2008. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1218819576.

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9

Lyster, Norman Verle. "The Canadian feed pea market". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ40084.pdf.

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10

He, Shiping. "Protein engineering of pea plastocyanin". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.295349.

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11

Foo, Eloise. "Genetic control of branching in pea /". St. Lucia, Qld, 2003. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17695.pdf.

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12

Xue, Lingru. "Glycerolipid biosynthesis in pea root plastids". Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=26186.

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Pea root plastids were isolated by differential centrifugation and resulting crude plastid fraction was purified by centrifugation through 10%(v/v) Percoll. Marker enzymes indicated that greater than 50% of the plastids were recovered essentially free from mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum contamination. The optimum in vitro conditions for glycerolipid biosynthesis from (U-$ sp{14}$C) glycerol-3-phosphate have been determined. Total glycerolipid biosynthesis was approximately 15 nmole/hr/mg protein in the presence of 200 $ mu$M glycerol-3-phosphate, 0.5 mM each of NADH and NADPH, 15 mM KH$ sb2$CO$ sb3$, 0.05 mM CoA, and 2 mM each of ATP and MgCl$ sb2$, 100 mM Bis Tris Propane (pH 7.5) and incubated at the standard temperature of 25$ sp circ$C. ATP, Coenzyme A and a divalent cation are absolutely required for glycerolipid biosynthesis, whereas reduced nucleotides and bicarbonate improve the synthesis to varying degrees. Dihydroxyacetone phosphate had little effect, while dithiothreitol, detergent and Mn$ sp{2+}$ inhibited activity. Under the optimum conditions, isolated pea root plastids mainly synthesized approximately 15% phosphatidic acid, 16% phosphatidylcholine, 13% phosphatidylglycerol, 32% triacylglycerol. Galactolipid synthesis occurred only when UDP-galactose was supplied. Different concentrations of some cofactors resulted in alterations of glycerolipid distribution. Phospholipase A$ sb2$ and Rhizopus lipase digestions of phospholipids and neutral lipids revealed that radioactive fatty acids were preferentially esterified to position sn 2 of each glycerolipid with generally 2-4 times as much radioactivity as position sn 1. Pea root plastids are composed of approximately 62% phospholipid, 24% neutral lipid and 14% glycolipid. Within these classes PG, TAG, and the galactolipids are the major components representing 24, 12, and 12% of the total plastid lipids.

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13

Holland, M. R. "Canopy collapse of dried pea crops". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.305741.

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14

Sheard, J. P. "Glucose uptake by pea mesophyll protoplasts". Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.235210.

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15

Lu, J. "Simple sequences in the pea genome". Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.361481.

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16

Lee, David. "Repeated sequences in the pea genome". Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.290227.

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17

Harrison, Christopher John. "The rug-3 locus of pea". Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.317975.

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18

Corke, Fiona Mary Kathleen. "Immunocytochemical investigation of pea seed development". Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.319898.

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19

Johansson, Inga-Maj. "Pea carbonic anhydrase : a kinetic study". Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Kemiska institutionen, 1994. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-118926.

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The enzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA), catalysing the interconversion between CO2 and HCO3', has long been known to be present in plants as well as in animals. Several of the animal isozymes, but none of the plant CAs, have been extensively studied. When the first plant CA cDNA sequences were published in 1990, it was obvious that the animal and plant CAs represent evolutionarily distinct families with no significant sequence homology between the families. Pea CA is synthesised as a precursor and subsequently processed at the import into the chloroplast. When we purified CA from pea leaves two oligomeric forms with molecular masses around 230 kDa were obtained. One form was homogenous while the other form contained subunits of two different sizes. The larger subunit has an acidic and highly charged N-terminal extension, consisting of 37 residues. We propose that the sequence that precedes the cleavage site resulting in the large subunit represents the functional transit peptide, directing CA to the chloroplast. Neither the transit peptide nor the acidic 37-residue peptide were found to affect the folding, activity or oligomerisation of pea CA. Kinetic investigations showed that pea CA requires a reduced environment and high concentrations of buffer for maximal catalytic activity. High buffer concentrations result in a faster turnover of the enzyme (kcat) while the efficiency (kcatlKm) is not affected. This is consistent with a ping-pong mechanism with the buffer as the second substrate. Both kcat and kcatlKm increase with pH but the dependences cannot be described by simple titration curves. SCN' is an uncompetitive inhibitor at high pH and a noncompetitive inhibitor at neutral and low pH. This is in accordance with the mechanistic model, previously proposed for human CAM, involving a zincbound water molecule as a catalytic group. In this model, the carbon dioxide - bicarbonate interconversion, reflected by kcatlKm, is temporally separated from a rate limiting proton-transfer step. At high pH, solvent hydrogen isotope effects obtained for pea CA agree with this scheme, while they do not fit at neutral and low pH. Site-specific mutations of cysteine residues at positions 165, 269 and 272 were difficult to study, either because strong deviations from Michaelis-Menten kinetics were observed, or because the mutants were found in inclusion bodies. However, the mutant H208A was found to be a very efficient enzyme with the highest kcatlKm value obtained for any CA so far, 2.9-108 M'1s '1. With the H208A mutant an increased dependence on high buffer concentrations at low pH was obtained. At high pH, the mutant is more efficient than the unmutated enzyme. The H208A mutant is also more prone to oxidation than the wild-type enzyme.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Umeå universitet, 1994, härtill 4 uppsatser

digitalisering@umu

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20

Van, den Boogaart Tom. "The mechanism of replicase-derived resistance to pea early browning virus and pea seed-borne mosaic virus". Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.327603.

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21

Lin, Hao-jan. "Studies of chemoattractants from pea border cells and the release of pea (Pisum sativum) root border cells". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/144632.

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Some plants release thousands of viable cells from root caps into the soil. These cells can be technically defined as Root Border Cells (BRD cells) and may play a role in the regulation of microbial populations in the rhizosphere. Chemoattractants released from pea (Pisam sativum) to Agrobacterium tumefaciens were characterized by using lectin and chemical analysis for heat-stability, size, and solubility. To understand the process of BRD cell release, a relationship was established between pectolytic enzyme activity and the release of pea BRD cells.

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22

Wang, Daowen. "A study of the genetic and structural basis of pea seed-borne mosaic virus seed transmission in pea". Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.357245.

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23

Nugroho, Laurentius Hartanto. "Hyperhydricity of in vitro cultured Sturt's desert pea (Swainsona formosa) and techniques for its minimisation". Title page, contents and summary only, 1995. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09A/09an968.pdf.

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Bibliography: leaves 74-80. This study shows techniques for reducing hyperhydricity in the micropropagation of Sturt's desert pea. The effects of support matrix, tube closure and cytokinin regime are examined and the anatomy of hyperhydric shoots is investigated.

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24

Ngo, Phuong. "Hormonal regulation in early pea fruit development". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0009/MQ60160.pdf.

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25

Chua, Y. L. "Chromatin structure of the pea plastocyanin gene". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.597674.

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The pea plastocyanin gene (PetE) is a single-copy, nuclear photosynthesis gene. Pea PetE is flanked by an enhancer/5' matrix attachment region (MAR) and a 3' MAR. When linked upstream to uidA directed by the CaMV 35S promoter, the enhancer/5' MAR increased reporter gene expression in transgenic tobacco plants. In contrast, the 3' MAR increased expression only when linked downstream of the reporter gene. The 3' MAR, but not the 5' MAR, decreased variation in reporter gene expression. These results indicate that the two MARs surrounding PetE have different effects on transgene expression. The chromatin structure of PetE was examined at three different transcriptional states by investigating the nuclease accessibility of the gene in pea roots, etiolated shoots and green shoots. Time-course digestions of nuclei with micrococcal nuclease and DNaseI indicated that the enhancer/5' MAR and promoter regions were more resistant to digestion in the inactive gene in pea roots than the same regions in the active gene in shoots, whereas the transcribed region of PetE was digested similarly amongst the tissues. PetE transcription is hence accompanied by changes in the nuclease accessibility of the enhancer/5' MAR and promoter regions only. The acetylation states of histone H3 and H4 proteins associated with PetE were analysed by chromatin immunoprecipitation with antibodies specific for acetylated or non-acetylated histone tails followed by polymerase chain reaction quantification. Comparison of pea tissue indicated that histone acetylation was associated with increased PetE transcription in green shoots. Moreover, acetylation of both histone H3 and H4 proteins was targeted to the enhancer/5' MAR and promoter regions in green shoots, suggesting that only specific nucleosomes along the gene were modified.

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26

Zasiura, Colette. "Characterisation and expression of pea lipoxygenase genes". Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365059.

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27

Hogg, Bridget V. "Competitive nodulation blocking in cv. Afghanistan pea". Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365074.

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28

Salgueiro, Sancha P. "Molecular studies on pea enation mosaic virus". Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.317586.

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29

Slater, Jennifer M. "Effects of the maternal rearing environment on pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum) trophic interactions". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2018. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=238395.

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The maternal rearing environment (MRE) of an organism can be a key determinant of an organism's host choice decisions, its own fitness, or the fitness of its offspring. Here, it is investigated if the MRE of an organism can influence lower or higher trophic levels. A series of reciprocal cross-over experiments was conducted using pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum), bean (Vicia faba) or pea (Pisum sativum) plants, and an aphid natural enemy, the parasitoid wasp Aphidius ervi, as model organisms. In each experiment, pea aphid offspring experienced either the same or an alternative plant host to that experienced by their mothers. This PhD showed that the MRE of pea aphids and parasitoid wasps was not a main contributory factor of host choice decisions or offspring fitness but influenced mother parasitoid wasp fecundity. Additionally, the MRE of pea aphids influenced the foliar nutrient concentration of pea plants when infested with the aphid's offspring. First, over shorter infestation periods, variation in foliar nitrogen and essential amino acid concentrations of pea leaves could be explained by pea aphid MRE. Over longer infestation periods, variation in foliar nitrogen and essential amino acid concentrations of pea leaves was explained by a combination of pea aphid MRE and aphid genotype. Second, the 13C concentration of pea leaf tissue, an indicator of stomatal aperture and leaf water stress, varied with pea aphid MREs over longer infestation periods. However, stomatal conductance and the expression of abscisic acid-responsive genes did not vary in a manner that was consistent with leaf water stress. Additional components of an organism's maternal rearing conditions are considered, including symbioses, as a more realistic MRE compared with that observed in nature. Taking account of MREs could provide a better understanding of the factors influencing the fitness of many organisms interacting in natural and managed ecosystems.

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30

Assaw, Suvik. "Investigation of anti-inflammatory effects of palmitoylethanolamide (PEA)". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2016. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.718671.

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Inflammation is a common feature of many pathological processes within the body. Although commonly perceived as being detrimental to the health of the organism, the inflammatory process is essential in the repair of damaged tissue. Following either tissue damage, infection or in some disease processes, the affected area, for example skin, swells, becomes hypersensitive to heat and pressure. These all reflect the infiltration of immune cells to the site of injury or infection from the blood stream. Activation of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), which is expressed by both tissue resident and circulating immune cells, as well as neurons, initiates a well described intracellular signalling cascade that initiates inflammation. Ligands for this receptor include lipopolysaccharides (LPS-archetypally bacterial cell wall) as well experimental inflammogens such as carrageenan. Activation of TLR4 leads to increased expression of pro-inflammatory molecules (typically cytokines and chemokines as well as other molecules) that are secreted by TLR4 expressing cells to promote inflammation and which also sensitise primary afferent nociceptors leading to pain. Increased tissue levels of these pro-inflammatory molecules act to promote the infiltration of circulating neutrophils and monocytes to the site of injury that in turn release further pro-inflammatory mediators increasing plasma and cell recruitment (swelling) and hyperalgesia (pain). The fatty acid amide N-Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) is an endogenous ligand of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPAR[alpha]). Activation of this receptor has analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the downstream consequences of PPAR[alpha] activation and how this lead to modulation of the inflammatory processes. Intra plantar subcutaneous (s.c) injection of 2% (v/v) A- carrageenan (100 pi) or saline control into the rat hind paw (Sprague Dawley, male, 200-225 g) significantly altered hind-limb weight bearing and increased paw volume consistent with hyperalgesia and inflammation.

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31

Caldwell, Jessica. "Relocating segregation : the Pea Island Life-Saving Station /". Huntington, WV : [Marshall University Libraries], 2006. http://www.marshall.edu/etd/descript.asp?ref=654.

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Theses (M.A.)--Marshall University, 2006.
Includes abstract. Originally issued in electronic format. UMI number: 1434476. Includes bibliographical references (p. 100-108). Also available via the World Wide Web.

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32

Persson, Lars. "Soil suppressiveness to Aphanomyces root rot of pea /". Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 1998. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/1998/91-576-5472-7.gif.

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33

McCune, Letitia M. "Characterization of galactolipid synthesis in pea root plastids". Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=22858.

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The capacity of pea root plastids for galactolipid synthesis was investigated utilizing radiolabelled acetate and UDP-galactose. Galactolipid biosynthesis was completely dependent on an exogenous supply of UDP-galactose. UDP-galactose stimulated both total lipid biosynthesis from acetate and the proportion of radioactivity accumulated in monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG). The proportion of MGDG synthesized was saturated at 30$ mu$M UDP-galactose and represented approximately 30% of the total lipid radioactivity after a one hour incubation. However, total lipid biosynthesis continued to increase with concentrations of UDP-galactose up to 75$ mu$M while the proportion of radioactivity in MGDG remained at 30%. MGDG biosynthesis was always accompanied by a corresponding decrease in the amount of diacylglycerol (DAG) accumulated. Digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG) synthesis was not routinely observed in these experiments. These results suggest that the in vitro pathway for MGDG synthesis in the root plastids of pea (an 18:3 plant) is similar to 16:3 plants (FFA's$ to$PA$ to$DAG$ to$MGDG). The endogenous lipids, consistent with the thought of pea as an 18:3 plant, contained 80% C$ sb{18}$ in the fatty acids of MGDG, DGDG, TG and PC. However, in labelled acetate experiments palmitate was the predominately labelled fatty acid in all lipids except PC (where 80% was 18:1). The precursors PA and DAG had ratios of 16:0, 18:0, and 18:1 similar to that of MGDG. 70-80% of the label was associated with the sn-2 position of glycerolipids. The cofactors required for fatty acid synthesis were generally not as required for galactolipid synthesis. The results suggest that galactolipid synthesis relies primarily on endogenous DAG and only partly involves de novo fatty acid synthesis. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

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34

Thompson, Andrew John. "Regulation of gene expression in developing pea seeds". Thesis, Durham University, 1989. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/6486/.

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Three classes of legumin, encoded by the gene sub-families legA, legJ and legS, and a lectin encoded by a single gene, lecA, accumulate in the developing cotyledons of Pisum sativum L. Transcription rates for the genes encoding these proteins were measured in nuclei isolated from cotyledons at 12 and 16 days after flowering (DAF). The steady-state levels of the corresponding mRNA species were also measured, in absolute terms, throughout cotyledon development. It was found that the different legumin gene sub-families are not coordinately expressed and, in addition, members within the legJ sub-family show differential temporal expression. Also, it was demonstrated that the length of the poly (A) tail of the lectin mRNA is reduced during the period when the steady-state level of this mRNA is in decline. When transcription rates and steady-state mRNA levels of the different gene families are compared, there is little correlation. This suggests a posttranscriptional regulation of the quantitative level of expression of these genes. Expression of the legumin genes is known to be seed-specific, whereas expression of the lectin gene occurs in the root as well as the seed. When transcription rates were measured in leaf nuclei the levels of legumin and lectin transcripts detected approached background levels, indicating that these genes are either inactive or transcribed at very low levels in leaf; however, the rate of transcription of the chlorophyll a/b binding-protein gene was high. This suggests transcriptional control as the major factor in the organ-specificity of legumin and lectin expression. The apparent posttranscriptional regulation of the quantitative level of expression of different seed-protein genes was investigated further by pulse-chase labelling the RNA of pea cotyledons grown in culture. Also, the possibility of using cell-free extracts to assay the cytoplasmic stability of specific polysomal mRNAs was investigated.

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35

Jones, Rupert Guy Merryl. "Carbon partitioning into carbohydrates through pea seed development". Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.393132.

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36

Hussain, Mohd Hasnain. "Analysis of debranching enzymes from pea and potato". Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.249782.

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37

Dunn, Steven Mark. "The 5'-methylthioadenosine nucleosidase of pea (Pisum sativum)". Thesis, University of Exeter, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.314442.

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38

FrancÌ§ois, Camille LeÌonie Marie JoseÌ€phe. "The pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum) and its microorganisms". Thesis, University of York, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.440793.

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39

Helliwell, Christopher Andrew. "Regulation of expression of the pea plastocyanin gene". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.338311.

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40

Last, David Ian. "Structure and expression of the pea plastocyanin gene". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.256631.

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41

Aksamit, Matthew Stephen. "Bioinformatic analysis of pea aphid salivary gland transcripts". Thesis, Kansas State University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/32836.

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Master of Science
Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics Interdepartmental Program
Gerald Reeck
Pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum) are sap-sucking insects that feed on the phloem sap of some plants of the family Fabaceae (legumes). Aphids feed on host plants by inserting their stylets between plant cells to feed from phloem sap in sieve elements. Their feeding is of major agronomical importance, as aphids cause hundreds of millions of dollars in crop damage worldwide, annually. Salivary gland transcripts from plant-fed and diet-fed pea aphids were studied by RNASeq to analyze their expression. Most transcripts had higher expression in plant-fed pea aphids, likely due to the need for saliva protein in the aphid/plant interaction. Numerous salivary gland transcripts and saliva proteins have been identified in aphids, including a glutathione peroxidase. Glutathione peroxidases are a group of enzymes with the purpose of protecting organisms from oxidative damage. Here, I present a bioinformatic analysis of pea aphid expressed sequence tag libraries that identified four unique glutathione peroxidases in pea aphids. One glutathione peroxidase, ApGPx1 has high expression in the pea aphid salivary gland. Two glutathione peroxidase genes are present in the current annotation of the pea aphid genome. My work indicates that the two genes need to be revised.

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42

Kaiser, Amber Christine. "Hammer and Roller Milling of Yellow Split Pea". Diss., North Dakota State University, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/29299.

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Blending nutrient-rich pulses into cereal-based convenience foods could benefit consumers and the cereal and pulse industries but first requires appropriate milling of raw pulses, for which there is no standardized method. Roller milling is the standard method for wheat flour production, but hammer milling is simpler and more cost-effective. Literature documenting pulse flour quality from either system is limited. The goals of this research were to evaluate (1) the effects of hammer mill setup and seed moisture on quality and flowability and (2) the differences between hammer- and roller-milled quality for yellow split pea. For (1), yellow split pea samples at 9 and 11 % moisture were hammer-milled at two rotor speeds (34 and 102 m/s) and with nine mill screen apertures (0.84 to 9.53 mm) and physicochemical properties and flow properties on 6 surfaces were evaluated. For (2), yellow split pea at 11 % moisture was hammer-milled at 102 m/s through a 0.84 mm screen or roller-milled using a two-pass setup, then sieved through a 150 ?m screen and evaluated for physicochemical and functional quality. Hammer mill settings had no practical impact on proximate composition, small impact on damaged starch content, and considerable impact on particle size distribution, pasting properties, and flowability. Particle size parameters impacted color, bulk density, pasting properties, and flowability. Flowability was highest on aluminum and lowest on high-density polyethylene. Hammer milling at 102 m/s rotor speed with 0.84 mm screen aperture produced particle sizes closest to that of flour (D10, D50, and D90 of 12, 98, and 348 ?m, respectively). Small differences were observed in the D10, starch damage, moisture, peak and final viscosities, and oil binding capacities of hammer- and roller-milled split pea flours. Data from this research supported the viability of hammer milling to produce split pea flour and provided systematic data to support milling, product development, conveying, and storage operations involving split pea and other pulses.
Northern Pulse Growers Association
U.S. Dry Pea and Lentil Council

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43

Sieciechowicz, Konrad Andrew Carleton University Dissertation Biology. "Diurnal variation of asparaginase in developing pea leaves". Ottawa, 1986.

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44

Doulis, Andreas G. "Antioxidant responses of pea (Pisum sativum L.) protoplasts". Diss., This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-09192008-063125/.

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45

Sawyer, Rosalind Mary. "Isolation of a vicilin gene from pea (Pisum sativum L.), and nuclease sensitivity of seed storage protein genes in pea chromatin". Thesis, Durham University, 1986. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/6873/.

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A library of pea genomic DNA in the bacteriophage vector EMBL3 was screened by hybridisation to cDNAs encoding vicilin, a major storage protein of pea (Pisum sativum L.) seeds. A vicilin gene, vic A, was isolated and characterised by restriction mapping and DNA sequencing. The nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequences of vic A were compared to those of vicilin cDNAs, and the gene was found to encode a 50,000M(_r) non-glycosylated vicilin subunit that does not undergo post-translational proteolytic cleavage. The introns in vic A were typical of those in plant genes, being small and high in A+T content, and the nucleotide sequences at the splice sites showed good homology to the plant consensus. The positions of the introns in vic A were similar to those in a gene encoding a subunit of phaseolin, a related protein from French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). Methods were developed for the analysis of nuclease sensitivity of specific genes in pea chromatin. The DNAase I sensitivity of the seed storage protein genes was found to be greater in developing cotyledons, where the genes were transcriptionally active, than in leaves, where they were inactive. The pea ribosomal genes showed relative resistance to DNAase I in both tissues. The nucleosome repeat length, determined by digestion of chromatin with micrococcal nuclease, was similar in both tissues. No evidence was obtained for DNAase I hypersensitive sites in pea chromatin. This result supports the findings of two other studies, and suggests that such sites are absent from plant chromatin.

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46

Dudziak, Elisabeth Adriana. "Lei de inovação e pesquisa acadêmica: o caso PEA". Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3136/tde-27072007-173047/.

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O objetivo do trabalho é analisar o modelo brasileiro de inovação, buscando estabelecer a ligação entre a teoria, a prática e as intervenções no processo empreendidas pelo poder público, a partir das políticas adotadas. Da relação dialética entre a teoria de C,T&I e as práticas acadêmicas de pesquisa, pretende-se aprofundar os conhecimentos acerca da coerência ou não entre o modelo pretendido (teoria/abstração subjacente à política) e o modelo apropriado pela comunidade científica (teoria/abstração subjacente às práticas de pesquisa acadêmica). Em termos operacionais, a abordagem teórica (perspectiva analítica) do tema desenha-se sobre os paradigmas da ciência, tecnologia e inovação: linear, sistêmico e complexo. O foco normativo recai sobre o marco legal da Lei de Inovação n. 10.973 e os possíveis impactos de sua adoção no meio acadêmico. Interessa-nos principalmente examinar o eixo de flexibilização das atividades dos pesquisadores, mobilidade e relações de trabalho nas universidades públicas. Do ponto de vista da práxis acadêmica, elegeu-se como objeto de estudo o Departamento de Engenharia de Energia e Automação Elétricas (PEA) da Escola Politécnica da Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Neste sentido, a partir da pesquisa de campo, foram analisados os condicionantes institucionais relativos à USP e a organização do trabalho de pesquisa. No estudo de caso buscou-se estabelecer a visão de mundo dos pesquisadores, modelos mentais e objetivos de pesquisa que deles derivam. A partir daí estabeleceram-se as relações entre prática, teoria, e políticas. Na fronteira teórica mundial relativa à C,T&I há indícios de instauração do paradigma complexo, no qual a sustentabilidade, a inovação sustentável e a inteligência distribuída têm papel preponderante. As políticas públicas brasileiras relativas à C,T&I evidenciam alinhamento ao paradigma sistêmico competitivo, com foco em P&D nas empresas. Do ponto de vista institucional, pode-se afirmar que está em curso na USP um processo de transição conduzido principalmente no meso-nível dos processos administrativos. Com referência à práxis acadêmica de pesquisa observada no PEA, há indícios de transição ao paradigma complexo. Conclui-se que no momento não há evolução harmoniosa dos sistemas de C,T&I devido à falta de alinhamento entre teoria, prática e políticas.
The purpose of this work is to analyze the Brazilian innovation model, to establish the link between theory, practices and the interventions in the process undertaken by the public power, as from the policies adopted. The dialectic relation between the S,T&I theory and the academic research practices intend to deepen the knowledge on the coherence or not between the intended model (theory/underlying abstraction to the policies) and the appropriate model for the scientific community (theory/underlying abstraction to the practices of academic research). In operational terms, the theoretical approach (analytical perspective) of the subject is drawn on the paradigms of science, technology and innovation: linear, systemic and complex. The normative focus is on the Law of Innovation n. 10,973 and possible impacts of its adoption into the academic environment. The focus is on research activities flexibility, mobility and work relations in public universities. The Department of Energy and Electric Automation Engineering (PEA) of the Engineering School of the University of Sao Paulo (USP) was chosen as a study object. The USP institutional conditioners and the organization of the research work were analyzed. In the case study, the purpose was to establish the worldview of the researchers, and mental models of research. From these, the relations among practice, theory, and policies were established. In the world-wide theoretical border of studies in S,T&I, there are indications of establishing the complex paradigm, in which sustainability, sustainable innovation and distributed intelligence have a preponderant role. The Brazilian public policies in S,T&I have evidences on the alignment to the competitive systemic paradigm, focused on the companies\' R&D. From the institutional point of view, it can be said that a transition process is in course at USP, led mainly in the mid-level of the administrative processes. Regarding the academic research praxis observed in PEA, there are indications of transition to the complex paradigm. It is concluded that, at the moment, harmonious evolution of the Science, Technology and Innovation systems is not possible, due to lack of alignment among theory, practices and policies.

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47

Liang, Qixin. "Laccase-1 in the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris)". Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/172.

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48

Li, Hongping 1967. "Developmental relationships in the function of pea root plastids". Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=30823.

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Germinating pea (Pisum sativum L.) roots were divided into five sequential 0.5 cm segments from the root tip. Pooled segments were analyzed for their protein, starch and lipid content as an indirect indication of plastid function. Fresh weights of root segments were lowest in the tips (4.45mug per segment) and progressively higher up to the fifth segment (11.09mug per segment). Total protein, starch and lipid content, on a per segment basis, were all highest in zone 1 (tip segment) and progressively lower up to zone 5. Plastids were isolated from each of the five root segments and analyzed for their capacity for lipid biosynthesis under several different in vitro conditions. Collectively, the observations presented here suggest that the relative contributions of plastids to the overall physiology of germinating pea roots gradually diminishes as root development proceeds, and that plastids isolated from progressively older root zones have increased capacity for glycolytic and/or pentose phosphate metabolism. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

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49

Stahl, Richard J. (Richard John). "Fatty acid and glycerolipid biosynthesis in pea root plastids". Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=22389.

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Fatty acid biosynthesis from (1-$ sp{14}$C) acetate was optimized in plastids isolated from primary root tips of 7-day-old germinating pea seeds. Fatty acid synthesis was maximum at 82.3 nmol/hr/mg protein in the presence of 200$ mu$M acetate, 0.5mM each of NADH, NADPH and CoA, 6mM each of ATP and MgCl$ sb2$, 1mM each of MnCl$ sb2$ and glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P), 15mM KHCO$ sb3$, and 0.1M Bis tris propane, pH 8.0 incubated at 35C. At the standard incubation temperature of 25C, fatty acid synthesis was linear for up to 6 hours with 80 to 120 $ mu$g/ml plastid protein. ATP and CoA were absolute requirements, whereas divalent cations, potassium bicarbonate and reduced nucelotides all improved activity by 2 to 10 fold. Mg$ sp{2+}$ and NADH were the preferred cation and nucleotide, respectively. G3P and dihydroxyacetone phosphate had little effect, and dithiothreitol and detergents generally inhibited incorporation of $ sp{14}$C-acetate into fatty acid.
Glycerolipid synthesis was obtained from $ sp{14}$C-acetate, (U-$ sp{14}$C) G3P and (U-$ sp{14}$C) glycerol at relative rates of 3.7:1.0:0.1, respectively. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

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50

Huttly, A. K. "Genes for ATP synthase subunits in pea chloroplast DNA". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.356654.

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