Artículos de revistas: "PBDs"

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Dechent, Sarah-Elisabeth, Arjan W. Kleij y Gerrit A. Luinstra. "Fully bio-derived CO2 polymers for non-isocyanate based polyurethane synthesis". Green Chemistry 22, n.º 3 (2020): 969–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9gc03488a.

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Jakše, Jakše, Pajek y Pajek. "Uric Acid and Plant-Based Nutrition". Nutrients 11, n.º 8 (26 de julio de 2019): 1736. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11081736.

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Plant-based diets (PBDs) are associated with decreased risk of morbidity and mortality associated with important noncommunicable chronic diseases. Similar to animal-based food sources (e.g., meat, fish, and animal visceral organs), some plant-based food sources (e.g., certain soy legume products, sea vegetables, and brassica vegetables) also contain a high purine load. Suboptimally designed PBDs might consequently be associated with increased uric acid levels and gout development. Here, we review the available data on this topic, with a great majority of studies showing reduced risk of hyperuricemia and gout with vegetarian (especially lacto-vegetarian) PBDs. Additionally, type of ingested purines, fiber, vitamin C, and certain lifestyle factors work in concordance to reduce uric acid generation in PBDs. Recent limited data show that even with an exclusive PBD, uric acid concentrations remain in the normal range in short- and long-term dieters. The reasonable consumption of plant foods with a higher purine content as a part of PBDs may therefore be safely tolerated in normouricemic individuals, but additional data is needed in hyperuricemic individuals, especially those with chronic kidney disease.

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Abel, R. J. R. y F. E. Bennett. "Quintessential PBDs and PBDs with prime power block sizes ≥ 8". Journal of Combinatorial Designs 13, n.º 4 (2005): 239–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcd.20036.

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Al-Bahlani, Shadia, Buthaina Al-Dhahli, Kawther Al-Adawi, Abdurahman Al-Nabhani y Mohamed Al-Kindi. "Platinum-Based Drugs Differentially Affect the Ultrastructure of Breast Cancer Cell Types". BioMed Research International 2017 (2017): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/3178794.

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Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Although platinum-based drugs (PBDs) are effective anticancer agents, responsive patients eventually become resistant. While resistance of some cancers to PBDs has been explored, the cellular responses of BC cells are not studied yet. Therefore, we aim to assess the differential effects of PBDs on BC ultrastructure. Three representative cells were treated with different concentrations and timing of Cisplatin, Carboplatin, and Oxaliplatin. Changes on cell surface and ultrastructure were detected by scanning (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). In SEM, control cells were semiflattened containing microvilli with extending lamellipodia while treated ones were round with irregular surface and several pores, indicating drug entry. Prolonged treatment resembled distinct apoptotic features such as shrinkage, membrane blebs, and narrowing of lamellipodia with blunt microvilli. TEM detected PBDs’ deposits that scattered among cellular organelles inducing structural distortion, lumen swelling, chromatin condensation, and nuclear fragmentation. Deposits were attracted to fat droplets, explained by drug hydrophobic properties, while later they were located close to cell membrane, suggesting drug efflux. Phagosomes with destructed organelles and deposits were detected as defending mechanism. Understanding BC cells response to PBDs might provide new insight for an effective treatment.

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Elliott, Patrick S., Soraeya S. Kharaty y Catherine M. Phillips. "Plant-Based Diets and Lipid, Lipoprotein, and Inflammatory Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Disease: A Review of Observational and Interventional Studies". Nutrients 14, n.º 24 (17 de diciembre de 2022): 5371. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14245371.

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Plant-based diets (PBDs) are becoming increasingly popular. Thus far, the literature has focused on their association with lipid profiles, with less investigation of lipoprotein and inflammatory profiles. Because pro-atherogenic lipid, lipoprotein, and inflammatory processes may facilitate the development of atherosclerosis, understanding the relation between PBDs and these processes is important to inform risk mitigation strategies. Therefore, the objective of this paper was to review the literature on PBDs and lipid, lipoprotein, and inflammatory biomarkers of cardiovascular disease (CVD). A structured literature search was performed, retrieving 752 records, of which 43 articles were included. Plant-based diets generally associated with favourable lipid and lipoprotein profiles, characterised by decreased total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B concentrations, and less low-grade inflammation, characterised by decreased C-reactive protein concentrations. Effect sizes from PBD interventions were greatest compared to habitual dietary patterns, and for non-low-fat vegan and tightly controlled dietary interventions. Associations between PBD indices and the reviewed biomarkers were less consistent. Findings are discussed with reference to the literature on PBDs and PBD indices and CVD risk, the associations between specific plant food groups and CVD outcomes and the reviewed biomarker outcomes, and the potential mechanisms underpinning associations between PBDs and reduced CVD risk.

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Low, M. J. D. y C. Morterra. "Infrared Surface Studies of Opaque or Scattering Materials Using Photothermal Beam Deflection Spectroscopy". Adsorption Science & Technology 2, n.º 2 (junio de 1985): 131–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026361748500200206.

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Infrared (IR) photothermal beam deflection spectroscopy (PBDS) is briefly described and some of its applications to studies of carbons and highly scattering materials are reviewed. PBDS is especially useful for the study of materials which absorb IR radiation very strongly or act as strong IR scatterers, so that conventional IR techniques fail. Application of PBDS to study the thermal degradation of a phenol-formaldehyde resin, the reaction of NH3 and H2O with the surfaces of intermediate-temperature chars, the effect of Fe3+ on the charring of cellulose, the dehydration of titanyl sulphate, and TiO2 pigments, are described.

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Austin, Grace, Jessica J. A. Ferguson y Manohar L. Garg. "Effects of Plant-Based Diets on Weight Status in Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials". Nutrients 13, n.º 11 (16 de noviembre de 2021): 4099. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13114099.

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Excessive adiposity is a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes (T2D), and dietary patterns are important determinants of weight status. Plant-based dietary patterns (PBDs) are known for their therapeutic effects on T2D. The aim is to systematically review RCTs to investigate the effects of various PBDs compared to regular meat-eating diets (RMDs), in individuals who normally consume a RMD on body weight, BMI, and waist circumference in T2D. RCTs investigating PBDs and body weight, BMI, WC for ≥6 weeks in adults with T2D since 1980 were eligible for inclusion. Seven trials (n = 269) were included in the meta-analysis using random-effects models and expressed as MD (95%Cls). Compared to RMDs, PBDs significantly lowered body weight (−2.35 kg, 95% CI: −3.51, −1.19, p < 0.001), BMI (−0.90 kg/m2, 95% CI: −1.42, −0.38, p = 0.001) and WC (−2.41 cm, 95% CI: −3.72, −1.09, p < 0.001). PBDs alone significantly reduced body weight by 5.1% (−4.95 kg, 95% CI: −7.34, −2.55, p < 0.001), BMI by 5.4% (−1.87 kg/m2, 95% CI: −2.78, −0.95, p < 0.001) and WC by 4.3%(−4.23, 95% CI: −6.38, −2.07, p < 0.001). Interventions not limiting energy intake led to a significant reduction in body weight (−2.54 kg, 95% CI: −4.16, −0.92, p < 0.005) and BMI (−0.91 kg/m2, 95% CI: −1.56, −0.25, p < 0.005). Trials ≥16 weeks had a pronounced reduction in body weight (−2.93 kg, 95% CI: −5.00, −0.87, p = 0.005) and BMI (−1.13 kg/m2, 95% CI: −1.89, −0.38, p < 0.005). These findings provide evidence for the implementation of PBDs for better management of central adiposity in individuals with T2D.

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Gibbs, Joshua y Francesco P. Cappuccio. "Plant-Based Dietary Patterns for Human and Planetary Health". Nutrients 14, n.º 8 (13 de abril de 2022): 1614. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14081614.

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The coronavirus pandemic has acted as a reset on global economies, providing us with the opportunity to build back greener and ensure global warming does not surpass 1.5 °C. It is time for developed nations to commit to red meat reduction targets and shift to plant-based dietary patterns. Transitioning to plant-based diets (PBDs) has the potential to reduce diet-related land use by 76%, diet-related greenhouse gas emissions by 49%, eutrophication by 49%, and green and blue water use by 21% and 14%, respectively, whilst garnering substantial health co-benefits. An extensive body of data from prospective cohort studies and controlled trials supports the implementation of PBDs for obesity and chronic disease prevention. The consumption of diets high in fruits, vegetables, legumes, whole grains, nuts, fish, and unsaturated vegetable oils, and low in animal products, refined grains, and added sugars are associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality. Meat appreciation, health concerns, convenience, and expense are prominent barriers to PBDs. Strategic policy action is required to overcome these barriers and promote the implementation of healthy and sustainable PBDs.

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Vitetta, Luis y Avni Sali. "Primary Bile Duct Stones and Bacterial Activity". HPB Surgery 6, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 1992): 23–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1992/81017.

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The results of this study suggest that infection with beta-glucuronidase active bacteria is the initial event in the nucleation of primary bile duct stones (PBDS).PBDS from five patients were morphologically fragile and “earthy” with alternating light and dark brown pigment layers with no evidence of a distinct central nucleus that may have been reminiscent of a different structure. Chemically, calcium bilirubinate and calcium palmitate were prominent throughout their structure. All bile duct biles had a positive culture and were always associated with at least one bacterial species which was beta-glucuronidase active. Moreover, fragments of PBDS nuclear areas had positive cultures that were comparable with those present in their individual bile duct bile. Microscopic examination of bile showed abundant precipitation of calcium bilirubinate granules in all samples.Thus, bile duct bile infection with beta-glucuronidase active bacteria (e.g. E. coli, C. perfringens) appears to be a key factor in PBDS pathogenesis, having a precursor role, rather than being a consequence. Bile stasis is likely to be a co-factor which must have a supportive role in subsequent stone growth.

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Abe, Yuichi, Masanori Honsho, Ryota Itoh, Ryoko Kawaguchi, Masashi Fujitani, Kazushirou Fujiwara, Masaaki Hirokane et al. "Peroxisome biogenesis deficiency attenuates the BDNF-TrkB pathway-mediated development of the cerebellum". Life Science Alliance 1, n.º 6 (diciembre de 2018): e201800062. http://dx.doi.org/10.26508/lsa.201800062.

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Peroxisome biogenesis disorders (PBDs) manifest as neurological deficits in the central nervous system, including neuronal migration defects and abnormal cerebellum development. However, the mechanisms underlying pathogenesis remain enigmatic. Here, to investigate how peroxisome deficiency causes neurological defects of PBDs, we established a new PBD model mouse defective in peroxisome assembly factor Pex14p, termed Pex14ΔC/ΔC mouse. Pex14ΔC/ΔC mouse manifests a severe symptom such as disorganization of cortical laminar structure and dies shortly after birth, although peroxisomal biogenesis and metabolism are partially defective. The Pex14ΔC/ΔC mouse also shows malformation of the cerebellum including the impaired dendritic development of Purkinje cells. Moreover, extracellular signal-regulated kinase and AKT signaling are attenuated in this mutant mouse by an elevated level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) together with the enhanced expression of TrkB-T1, a dominant-negative isoform of the BDNF receptor. Our results suggest that dysregulation of the BDNF-TrkB pathway, an essential signaling for cerebellar morphogenesis, gives rise to the pathogenesis of the cerebellum in PBDs.

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Havali, Cengiz, Sevil Dorum, Yılmaz Akbaş, Orhan Görükmez y Tugba Hirfanoglu. "Two different missense mutations of PEX genes in two similar patients with severe Zellweger syndrome: an argument on the genotype-phenotype correlation". Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism 33, n.º 3 (26 de marzo de 2020): 437–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jpem-2019-0194.

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AbstractBackgroundPeroxisomal biogenesis disorders (PBDs) include a miscellaneous group of diseases which cause serious multisystem disease. Mutations of 13 different PEX genes lead to PBDs including Zellweger syndrome (ZS). Different types of mutations of PEX1 and PEX10 genes are correlated with broad-range phenotypes of PBDs.Case presentationPatient 1 is a 4-month-old boy who was affected by myoclonic seizures, poor oral feeding since birth. The patient was hypotonic and had hepatosplenomegaly. Patient 2 is a 2-month-old boy who presented with decreased movement, severe hypotonia and failure to thrive. The laboratory studies of the patients revealed increased plasma very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs). The genetic analyses of patient 1 demonstrated the first homozygous missense mutation in the PEX10 gene. A novel homozygous missense mutation was found in the PEX1 gene in patient 2.ConclusionsThis report highlights that the detected homozygous missense mutations of PEX10 and PEX1 genes and the substitutions of specific amino acids lead to the severe form of PBDs.

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Xiong, Wei, Jun Ouyang, Hai Ci, Wenping Jiang, Wei Han, Yu Fu y Peigang Tian. "The predictive value of serum neopterin for multiple organ dysfunction syndrome in severe burn patients". Pteridines 29, n.º 1 (31 de diciembre de 2018): 196–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pteridines-2018-0019.

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AbstractObjective To investigate the predictive value of serum neopterin for multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) in severe burn patients. Methods Seventy-six severe burn patients with burns covering a total body surface area (TBSA) above 70% were included in this study. Of the 76 patients, 29 cases developed MODS (MODS group) and the remaining 47 subjects did not (non-MODS group). From the MODS group, 12 patients died (Death group) and 17 patients survived (Survive group). The serum level of neopterin in the MODS and non-MODS groups were examined by radioimmunoassay on following 1, 3 , 7 , 14 , 21 and 28 post-burn days (PBDs). A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyse the predictive value of serum neopterin for MODS and death. Results The serum neopterin level in the MODS group was significantly higher than that of non-MODS group between 3~28 PBDs (p<0.001). However, the serum neopterin levels between the MODS and non-MODS groups following 1 PBD were not statistically significant (p>0.05). The best diagnostic performance of serum neopterin for MODS occurred 14 PBDs with the prediction sensitivity and specificity of 75.86% (56.46%~89.70%) and 85.11% (71.69%~93.80%) respectively. However, serum neopterin levels had no clinical value in predicting the death of MODS patients. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.72 (0.58~0.85), 0.81 (0.71~0.92) and 0.83 (0.72~0.94) for serum neopterin as biomarker in the prediction of MODS after 3, 7 and 14 PBDs, respectively. The AUCs were 0.50 (0.27~0.73), 0.53 (0.30~0.76) and 0.56 (0.33~0.79) for serum neopterin as biomarker in prediction of death for MODS patients after 3, 7 and 14 PBDs, respectively. Conclusion The persistent and significant increase of serum neopterin level is closely related to the development of MODS in patients with severe burns. Serum neopterin is therefore a promising serological marker for MODS early diagnosis, but has little efficacy in the prediction of the likelihood of death in severe burn patients with MODS.

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TAMURA, Shigehiko, Naomi MATSUMOTO, Atsushi IMAMURA, Nobuyuki SHIMOZAWA, Yasuyuki SUZUKI, Naomi KONDO y Yukio FUJIKI. "Phenotype–genotype relationships in peroxisome biogenesis disorders of PEX1-defective complementation group 1 are defined by Pex1p–Pex6p interaction". Biochemical Journal 357, n.º 2 (9 de julio de 2001): 417–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3570417.

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The peroxisome biogenesis disorders (PBDs), including Zellweger syndrome (ZS), neonatal adrenoleucodystrophy (NALD) and infantile Refsum disease (IRD), are fatal autosomal recessive diseases caused by impaired peroxisome biogenesis, of which 12 genotypes have been reported. ZS patients manifest the severest clinical and biochemical abnormalities, whereas those with NALD and IRD show less severity and the mildest features respectively. We have reported previously that temperature-sensitive peroxisome assembly is responsible for the mildness of the clinical features of IRD. PEX1 is the causative gene for PBDs of complementation group E (CG-E, CG1 in the U.S.A. and Europe), the PBDs of highest incidence, encoding the peroxin Pex1p of the AAA ATPase family. It has been also reported that Pex1p and Pex6p interact with each other. In the present study we investigated phenotype–genotype relationships of CG1 PBDs. Pex1p from IRD such as Pex1p with the most frequently identified mutation at G843D was largely degraded in vivo at 37°C, whereas a normal level of Pex1p was detectable at the permissive temperature. In contrast, PEX1 proteins derived from ZS patients, including proteins with a mutation at L664P or the deletion of residues 634–690, were stably present at both temperatures. Pex1p-G843D interacted with Pex6p at approx. 50% of the level of normal Pex1p, whereas Pex1p from ZS patients mostly showing non-temperature-sensitive peroxisome biogenesis hardly bound to Pex6p. Taking these results together, we consider it most likely that the stability of Pex1p reflects temperature-sensitive peroxisome assembly in IRD fibroblasts. Failure in Pex1p–Pex6p interaction gives rise to more severe abnormalities, such as those manifested by patients with ZS.

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Fujiki, Yukio, Non Miyata, Naomi Matsumoto y Shigehiko Tamura. "Dynamic and functional assembly of the AAA peroxins, Pex1p and Pex6p, and their membrane receptor Pex26p involved in shuttling of the PTS1 receptor Pex5p in peroxisome biogenesis". Biochemical Society Transactions 36, n.º 1 (22 de enero de 2008): 109–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0360109.

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The peroxisome is a single-membrane-bound organelle found in eukaryotes. The functional importance of peroxisomes in humans is highlighted by peroxisome-deficient PBDs (peroxisome biogenesis disorders), such as Zellweger syndrome. Two AAA (ATPase associated with various cellular activities) peroxins, Pex1p and Pex6p, are encoded by PEX1 and PEX6, the causal genes for CG (complementation group) 1 and CG4 PBDs respectively. PEX26, which is responsible for CG8 PBDs, codes for Pex26p, the recruiter of Pex1p–Pex6p complexes to peroxisomes. We recently assigned the binding regions between human Pex1p and Pex6p and elucidated the pivotal roles that the AAA cassettes, D1 and D2 domains, play in Pex1p–Pex6p interaction and in peroxisome biogenesis. ATP binding to both AAA cassettes of Pex1p and Pex6p was a prerequisite for the Pex1p–Pex6p interaction and peroxisomal localization, but ATP hydrolysis by the D2 domains was not required. Pex1p exists in two distinct oligomeric forms, a homo-oligomer in the cytosol and a hetero-oligomer on peroxisome membranes, with these possibly having distinct functions in peroxisome biogenesis. AAA peroxins are involved in the export from peroxisomes of Pex5p, the PTS1 (peroxisome-targeting signal type 1) receptor.

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Janata, J., Z. Kamenik, R. Gazak, S. Kadlcik y L. Najmanova. "Biosynthesis and incorporation of an alkylproline-derivative (APD) precursor into complex natural products". Natural Product Reports 35, n.º 3 (2018): 257–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7np00047b.

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Niu, Xing, Boris Glavic, Ziyu Liu, Pengyuan Li, Dieter Gawlick, Vasudha Krishnaswamy, Zhen Hua Liu y Danica Porobic. "Provenance-based data skipping". Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment 15, n.º 3 (noviembre de 2021): 451–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.14778/3494124.3494130.

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Database systems use static analysis to determine upfront which data is needed for answering a query and use indexes and other physical design techniques to speed-up access to that data. However, for important classes of queries, e.g., HAVING and top-k queries, it is impossible to determine up-front what data is relevant. To overcome this limitation, we develop provenance-based data skipping (PBDS), a novel approach that generates provenance sketches to concisely encode what data is relevant for a query. Once a provenance sketch has been captured it is used to speed up subsequent queries. PBDS can exploit physical design artifacts such as indexes and zone maps.

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Varlashkin, P. G. y M. J. D. Low. "FT-IR Photothermal Beam Deflection Spectroscopy of Black Inks on Paper". Applied Spectroscopy 40, n.º 4 (mayo de 1986): 507–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702864508999.

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Infrared spectra of several different black inks on paper were obtained by FT-IR photothermal beam deflection spectroscopy (PBDS). Even though the manuscript samples contained about 0.1–0.5 μg of ink solid, spectra of sufficient quality were obtained to enable us to tell which inks contain carbon and to permit some differentiation between similar black inks to be made. However, the identification of an unknown ink is not feasible at present. Spectra of the ink printed on two stamps, and of the black print of a dollar bill, were also recorded. IR/PBDS studies of manuscript and print are totally nondestructive, and may prove to be useful in the fields of forensics and art history.

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Muñoz-Pujol, Gerard, Socorro Alforja-Castiella, Ricardo Casaroli-Marano, Blai Morales-Romero, Judit García-Villoria, Vicente A. Yépez, Julien Gagneur et al. "Diagnostic Odyssey in an Adult Patient with Ophthalmologic Abnormalities and Hearing Loss: Contribution of RNA-Seq to the Diagnosis of a PEX1 Deficiency". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, n.º 20 (15 de octubre de 2022): 12367. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232012367.

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Peroxisomal biogenesis disorders (PBDs) are a heterogeneous group of genetic diseases. Multiple peroxisomal pathways are impaired, and very long chain fatty acids (VLCFA) are the first line biomarkers for the diagnosis. The clinical presentation of PBDs may range from severe, lethal multisystemic disorders to milder, late-onset disease. The vast majority of PBDs belong to Zellweger Spectrum Disordes (ZSDs) and represents a continuum of overlapping clinical symptoms, with Zellweger syndrome being the most severe and Heimler syndrome the less severe disease. Mild clinical conditions frequently present normal or slight biochemical alterations, making the diagnosis of these patients challenging. In the present study we used a combined WES and RNA-seq strategy to diagnose a patient presenting with retinal dystrophy as the main clinical symptom. Results showed the patient was compound heterozygous for mutations in PEX1. VLCFA were normal, but retrospective analysis of lysosphosphatidylcholines (LPC) containing C22:0–C26:0 species was altered. This simple test could avoid the diagnostic odyssey of patients with mild phenotype, such as the individual described here, who was diagnosed very late in adult life. We provide functional data in cell line models that may explain the mild phenotype of the patient by demonstrating the hypomorphic nature of a deep intronic variant altering PEX1 mRNA processing.

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Abe, Yuichi, Masanori Honsho, Ryoko Kawaguchi, Takashi Matsuzaki, Yayoi Ichiki, Masashi Fujitani, Kazushirou Fujiwara et al. "A peroxisome deficiency–induced reductive cytosol state up-regulates the brain-derived neurotrophic factor pathway". Journal of Biological Chemistry 295, n.º 16 (12 de marzo de 2020): 5321–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.ra119.011989.

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The peroxisome is a subcellular organelle that functions in essential metabolic pathways, including biosynthesis of plasmalogens, fatty acid β-oxidation of very-long-chain fatty acids, and degradation of hydrogen peroxide. Peroxisome biogenesis disorders (PBDs) manifest as severe dysfunction in multiple organs, including the central nervous system (CNS), but the pathogenic mechanisms in PBDs are largely unknown. Because CNS integrity is coordinately established and maintained by neural cell interactions, we here investigated whether cell-cell communication is impaired and responsible for the neurological defects associated with PBDs. Results from a noncontact co-culture system consisting of primary hippocampal neurons with glial cells revealed that a peroxisome-deficient astrocytic cell line secretes increased levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), resulting in axonal branching of the neurons. Of note, the BDNF expression in astrocytes was not affected by defects in plasmalogen biosynthesis and peroxisomal fatty acid β-oxidation in the astrocytes. Instead, we found that cytosolic reductive states caused by a mislocalized catalase in the peroxisome-deficient cells induce the elevation in BDNF secretion. Our results suggest that peroxisome deficiency dysregulates neuronal axogenesis by causing a cytosolic reductive state in astrocytes. We conclude that astrocytic peroxisomes regulate BDNF expression and thereby support neuronal integrity and function.

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Chin, James. "PBDS and ethnicity in Sarawak politics". Journal of Contemporary Asia 26, n.º 4 (enero de 1996): 512–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00472339680000311.

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Gong, Xiaoyan, Xien Gui, Yuxia Zhang y Po Tien. "Screening for CD8 cytotoxic T lymphocytes specific for Gag of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtype B′ Henan isolate from China and identification of novel epitopes restricted by the HLA-A2 and HLA-A11 alleles". Journal of General Virology 87, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2006): 151–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.81335-0.

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The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) epidemic in China is increasing rapidly at an irrepressible rate. It is caused by HIV-1 subtype B′ in central China. After the full-length genome sequencing of the Henan isolate was performed, the definition of optimal cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes across the Henan isolate genome has become crucial for vaccine design. In this study, by using ELISPOT assays with synthetic peptides corresponding to the sequence of the Henan isolate, the identification and analysis of Gag-specific CTL responses among 28 treated and 26 untreated infected paid blood donors (PBDs) from the Henan and Hubei provinces of China are presented. These studies focused on CTL responses restricted by the human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A2 and -A11 molecules, two of the most prominent HLA-A alleles in the Chinese population. The results suggested that, in the subgroup analysis, the magnitude of response in the infected treated subgroup [median, 93 spot-forming cells (SFCs) per 106 peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs)] was significantly lower than that in the chronically infected untreated subgroup (median, 221 SFCs per 106 PBMCs), and HLA-A2-restricted treated PBDs had a response of a much higher frequency and magnitude than that of HLA-A11-restricted treated PBDs. Moreover, some novel peptides restricted by the HLA-A2 and -A11 molecules were identified.

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Schauvliege, Hans, Marc Du Bois y Jan Verlooy. "Implant failure following pedicle based dynamic stabilization of the lumbar spine". Acta Orthopaedica Belgica 87, n.º 1 (31 de marzo de 2021): 191–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.52628/87.1.24.

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Pedicle-based dynamic stabilization (PBDS) devices such as Dynesys are promoted as an alternative and less invasive option for rigid stabilization of one and even more levels of the lumbar spine. Promising features of the Dynesys system, as well as shortcomings, became obvious in several clinical studies. Since 2012, we started using a new PBDS device as an alternative for the Dynesys, to avoid the screw loosening and the kyphosing effect. The objective is to compare failure rates between the Dynesys and Balan-C type PBDS implant and factors affecting outcome. In a retrospective study we investigated a total of 90 patients with lumbar pedicle screw dynamic stabilization (a group of 64 patiënts with Dynesys stabilization is compared to a group of 26 patients with Balan-C stabilization). Mean follow-up was 48 and 38 months, respectively. Using logistic regression analysis the impact of baseline characteristics such as gender, age, body mass index (BMI), indication for surgery, primary or revision surgery, single versus more level surgery, surgeon’s experience and type of the implant on implant failure was analyzed. We found a statistically significant difference in failure rates between the two systems (13% in the Dynesys group versus 62% in the Balan-C group). In multivariate analysis, type of implant was associated with implant failure (odds ratio : 13). Our current results call for an optimization of the pre-and post-marketing surveillance of pedicle-based dynamic stabilization.

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Jiang, Jianqing y Reqiang Liu. "Effect of Improvement and Application of Composite Prefabricated Vertical Drain Method in Marine Soft Ground: A Case Study". Advances in Civil Engineering 2019 (12 de junio de 2019): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6097504.

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One of the commonly used techniques to improve marine soft ground is the drainage consolidation method by plastic board drains (PBDs). But some complex marine soft ground will cause construction inconvenience of PBDs in certain areas of these sites, thus affecting the improvement effect. An alternative possible approach to overcoming these deficiencies may be the combination of PBDs and sand wick drains (SWDs) (i.e., composite prefabricated vertical drains (CPVDs)) as vertical drainage channels in the same site. In order to verify the suitability and performance of this method in marine soft ground improvement, a case study was performed based on the field monitoring and construction of the marine soft ground of an intercity express railway project in China. The construction procedure using the CPVD system, the field monitoring instrumentation scheme, and the design of fill surcharge level were described, and the field monitoring data were presented. The settlement characteristics, dissipation features of pore water pressure, and the horizontal movement pattern were assessed. In addition, predictions of ultimate settlement, postconstruction settlement, and consolidation degree were discussed by applying a modified hyperbolic model. The results show that the marine ground improved by the CPVD system is suitable for the construction of intercity express railway and high-speed railway. The improvement construction period of complex marine soft ground will be greatly shortened by the proposed parallel construction programme. This work will provide technical supports and application reference for the improvement of the similar marine soft ground.

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Vitetta, Luis, Avni Sali, Peter Little, Jack Nayman y Ayman Elzarka. "Primary “Brown Pigment” Bile Duct Stones". HPB Surgery 4, n.º 3 (1 de enero de 1991): 209–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1991/76160.

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Bile duct stones from 42 patients were morphologically and chemically analysed. The calculi from 27 patients had important primary bile duct stone (PBDS) features, consisting of a general ovoid shape and fragile structure, with alternating light and dark brown pigmented layers on cross-section. Chemically these stones contained low levels of cholesterol, with high levels of bilirubin and calcium. Subsequent infrared spectroscopy analysis showed that calcium bilirubinate and calcium palmitate were the only calcium salts present. Calcium palmitate was prominent in the light brown layers. A morphological and chemical comparison with gallbladder stones showed that bile duct “stasis stones” were similar in morphological and chemical composition to the brown pigment gallbladder calculi. However, they were distinct from most gallbladder stones, indicating that primary bile duct calculi have an aetiology that is different to 90% of gallbladder calculi. Primary bile duct calculi were observed to occur with or without the presence of a gallbladder, and more interestingly, in the bile duct of two patients with cholesterol gallbladder stones. Bile duct bile of patients with primary choledocholithiasis were always moderately to profusely infected and with abundant calcium bilirubinate precipitation. Moreover, this study has shown that PBDS chemical analyses profiles were consistent and correlated well with their defined morphology. Consequently, PBDS may be accurately identified at the time of operation by morphology. An important aetiological factor would appear to be infection, which would seem to promote bile duct bile stasis and eventual stone growth.

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25

Bennett, Frank E., Yanxun Chang, Gennian Ge y Malcolm Greig. "Existence of (v,{5,w∗},1)-PBDs". Discrete Mathematics 279, n.º 1-3 (marzo de 2004): 61–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0012-365x(03)00262-0.

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26

Bennett, F. E. y J. Yin. "Some results on (v,{5,w*})-pbds". Journal of Combinatorial Designs 3, n.º 6 (1995): 455–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcd.3180030609.

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27

Fazlollahi, Narges, Amir Anushiravani, Maryam Rahmati, Mohammad Amani, Hossein Asl-Soleimani, Melineh Markarian, Alice Chu Jiang y Javad Mikaeli. "Safety and Efficacy of Graded Gradual Pneumatic Balloon Dilation in Idiopathic Achalasia Patients: A 24-Year Single-Center Experience". Archives of Iranian Medicine 24, n.º 12 (1 de diciembre de 2021): 862–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/aim.2021.129.

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Background: Pneumatic balloon dilation (PBD) is a first line treatment for idiopathic achalasia. Here we report the safety and efficacy of graded gradual PBD on short and long-term follow-up. Methods: We evaluated 1370 idiopathic achalasia patients over a period of 24 years (1994-2018), prospectively. 216 patients did not undergo PBD due to comorbid diseases. Ultimately, 1092 achalasia patients were enrolled. All patients underwent graded gradual PBD, with repeat dilation if symptoms relapsed. Response to treatment was evaluated by Vantrappen scoring system. Results: Of 1092 achalasia patients, 937 patients were treated by PBD and 155 patients were treated by combined therapy (PBD 1 month after Botulinum toxin injection). In short-term follow-up, 728 of 1092 patients underwent one PBD and 77.3% of them had excellent or good response (responders), 163 patients (58.6%) who underwent two PBDs were responders, and 44 (51.2%) patients who underwent three PBDs were responders. Overall, 2193 balloon dilations were performed on 1092 patients (mean 2 PBDs/patient). Of 786 patients with long-term follow-up, 259 patients had excellent or good response with one PBD. The responders with two, three, and four or more dilations were 149, 67, and 67, respectively. The overall response rate was 69%. No any serious complications were noted by using the graded gradual method. Conclusion: Our results show that graded gradual PBD is a safe and effective method for treatment of achalasia patients, and achieves sufficient short and long-term symptomatic remission with high cumulative success rate.

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28

Liu, Tian-yuan, Dan Huang, Peng-Yuan Xu, Bo Lu, Zhi-Chao Zhen, Wei-Zhen Zheng, Xiao Li, Ge-Xia Wang y Junhui Ji. "Study on composting and seawater degradation properties of diethylene glycol-modified poly(butylene succinate) copolyesters". e-Polymers 22, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2022): 615–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/epoly-2022-0057.

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Abstract The marine pollution caused by traditional plastics is becoming increasingly serious, and the fundamental way to solve this problem is to look for plastic substitutes that can degrade in the marine environment. Herein, a series of high-molecular-weight poly(butylene succinate-co-diethylene glycol succinate) (PBDS) was obtained by the introduction of low-cost diethylene glycol (DEG) into the main chain of poly(butylene succinate) (PBS), which aimed to obtain the materials that can be degraded both in compost and seawater. The research showed that the increase in the DEG content reduced the crystallinity of the copolyester, which led to the decrease in mechanical strength and thermal properties of the copolyester to a certain extent. Meanwhile, the increase in hydrophilicity and the decrease in crystallinity improved the degradation rate of the material. Compared with PBS, PBDS exhibited not only a faster composting degradation rate but also a faster degradation rate in seawater.

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29

Marrone, Giulia, Cristina Guerriero, Daniela Palazzetti, Paolo Lido, Alessandro Marolla, Francesca Di Daniele y Annalisa Noce. "Vegan Diet Health Benefits in Metabolic Syndrome". Nutrients 13, n.º 3 (2 de marzo de 2021): 817. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13030817.

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Plant-based diets (PBDs) are increasingly consumed by the Italian population and around the world. In particular, among PBDs, the vegan diet is a food pattern characterized by the exclusion of all animal-origin foods. What drives people to adopt this model are mainly ethical, health and environmental reasons. A vegan diet, if well-balanced and varied, can help in achieving and maintaining an optimal state of health. However, this nutritional approach, if not well-balanced, can cause deficiencies in proteins, ω-3 fatty acids, iron, vitamin D and calcium, zinc, iodine and, above all, vitamin B12. Oral food supplements especially fortified foods are recommended in these cases to restore the nutritional deficiencies. A vegan diet generally reduces the risk of developing chronic non-communicable degenerative diseases, such as metabolic syndrome (MetS) and, in addition, requires fewer natural resources for food production than an omnivorous diet. The aim of this review is to analyze the possible impact of the vegan diet on MetS onset and its treatment.

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30

Han, Ho-Sik, Sun-Yeo Mun y Cheol-Hong Hwang. "Effects of User Dependence on the Prediction Results of Visibility in Fire Simulations". Fire Science and Engineering 35, n.º 3 (30 de junio de 2021): 14–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.7731/kifse.b5e493d9.

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To improve the reliability of safety assessments in domestic performance-based designs (PBDs), the problem of the input parameters being dependent on fire-simulation users was quantitatively analyzed. Thus, the results of statistical analyses of domestic PBD reports evaluated over the last 5 years were examined. It was determined that the uncertainties of the input parameters might have a relatively larger influence on the statistical deviations than the measurement uncertainties. Accordingly, a sensitivity analysis was performed by considering the statistical deviations of the input parameters that could greatly influence the prediction results of visibility, which are important for the available safe egress time. The main results were as follows: a large change in visibility was observed owing to deviations of the heat release rate and soot yield. Based on this study, it is expected that more accurate results can be obtained if the objectivity of input parameters determined by user dependence can be secured in domestic PBDs.

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31

Li, Wei, ShenChieh Chou, Ankush Khullar y Barbara Gerratana. "Cloning and Characterization of the Biosynthetic Gene Cluster for Tomaymycin, an SJG-136 Monomeric Analog". Applied and Environmental Microbiology 75, n.º 9 (6 de marzo de 2009): 2958–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02325-08.

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ABSTRACT Tomaymycin produced by Streptomyces achromogenes is a naturally produced pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD). The biosynthetic gene cluster for tomaymycin was identified and sequenced. The gene cluster analysis reveals a novel biosynthetic pathway for the anthranilate moiety of PBDs. Gene replacement and chemical complementation studies were used to confirm the proposed biosynthetic pathway.

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32

Li, Wei, Ankush Khullar, ShenChieh Chou, Ashley Sacramo y Barbara Gerratana. "Biosynthesis of Sibiromycin, a Potent Antitumor Antibiotic". Applied and Environmental Microbiology 75, n.º 9 (6 de marzo de 2009): 2869–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02326-08.

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ABSTRACT Pyrrolobenzodiazepines, a class of natural products produced by actinomycetes, are sequence selective DNA alkylating compounds with significant antitumor properties. Among the pyrrolo[1,4]benzodiazepines (PBDs) sibiromycin, one of two identified glycosylated PBDs, displays the highest affinity for DNA and the most potent antitumor properties. Despite the promising antitumor properties clinical trials of sibiromycin were precluded by the cardiotoxicity effect in animals attributed to the presence of the C-9 hydroxyl group. As a first step toward the development of sibiromycin analogs, we have cloned and localized the sibiromycin gene cluster to a 32.7-kb contiguous DNA region. Cluster boundaries tentatively assigned by comparative genomics were verified by gene replacement experiments. The sibiromycin gene cluster consisting of 26 open reading frames reveals a “modular” strategy in which the synthesis of the anthranilic and dihydropyrrole moieties is completed before assembly by the nonribosomal peptide synthetase enzymes. In addition, the gene cluster identified includes open reading frames encoding enzymes involved in sibirosamine biosynthesis, as well as regulatory and resistance proteins. Gene replacement and chemical complementation studies are reported to support the proposed biosynthetic pathway.

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33

Abel, R. Julian R., Gennian Ge, Malcolm Greig y Alan C. H. Ling. "Further results on (v,{5,w∗},1)-PBDs". Discrete Mathematics 309, n.º 8 (abril de 2009): 2323–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.disc.2008.05.008.

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34

Moreira, Tailane Sant´Anna, Valéria Pereira De Sousa y Maria Bernadete Riemma Pierre. "Influence of Oleic Acid on the Rheology and in Vitro Release of Lumiracoxib from Poloxamer Gels". Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences 13, n.º 2 (24 de agosto de 2010): 286. http://dx.doi.org/10.18433/j34880.

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Abstract PURPOSE: Transdermal delivery of anti-inflammatory lumiracoxib (LM) could be an interesting strategy to avoid the side effects associated with systemic delivery, but it is ineffective due to the drug poor skin penetration. We have investigated the effects of oleic acid (OA), a lipid penetration enhancer, on the in vitro release of LM from poloxamer-based delivery systems (PBDS). The rheological behavior (shear rate dependent viscosity) and gelation temperature through measurements of optimal sol-gel transition temperatures (Tsol-gel) were also carried out in these systems. METHODS: In vitro release studies of LM from PBDS were performed using cellulose acetate as artificial membrane mounted in a diffusion system. The amount of LM released was divided by exposition area (µg/cm2) and these values were plotted as function of the time (h). The flux of the drug across the membrane (J) was calculated from the slope of the linear portion of the plot and expressed as µg/cm2. h -1. The determination of viscosity was carried out at different shear rates (γ) between 0.1- 1000 S-1 using a parallel plate rheometer. Oscillatory measurements using a cone-plate geometry rheometer surrounded by a double jacket with temperature varying 4-40°C, was used in order to determine Tsol-gel. RESULTS: Increase of both polymer and OA concentrations increases the viscosity of the gels and consequently reduces the in vitro LM release from the PBDS, mainly for gels containing OA at 10.0% compared to other concentrations of the penetration enhancer. Tsol-gel transition temperature was decreased by increasing viscosity; in some cases the formulation was already a gel at room temperature. Rheological studies showed a pseudoplastic behavior, which facilitates the flow and improves the spreading characteristics of the formulations. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, the results showed that poloxamer gels are good potential delivery systems for LM, leading to a sustained release, and also have appropriate rheological characteristics. Novelty of the work: A transdermal delivery of non-steroidal antinflammatory drugs like lumiracoxib (LM) can be an interesting alternative to the oral route of this drug, since it was recently withdraw of the market due to the liver damage when systemically administered in tablets as dosage form. There are no transdermal formulations of LM and it could be an alternative to treat inflammation caused by arthritis or arthrosis. Then, an adequate delivery system to LM is necessary in order to release the drug properly from the PBDS as well as have good characteristics related to semi-solid preparations for transdermal application, which were evaluated through in vitro release studies and rheological behavior in this paper, respectively.

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35

Xu, Guodong, Lie Chen, Hui Lei, Zhihui Liao, Nan Yi, Jinliang Liu y Yiwang Chen. "A novel alkylsilyl-fused copolymer-based non-fullerene solar cell with over 12% efficiency". Journal of Materials Chemistry A 7, n.º 8 (2019): 4145–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ta12224e.

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A new alkylsilyl-fused copolymer PBDS-TZ unit was developed as donor material for polymer solar cells. When blended with IT-4F, an appropriate micromorphology with vertical component distribution in active layer was obtained. A notably PCE of 12.01% with a high FF of 73.1% and J_SC of 20.45 mA cm⁻² for the devices.

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36

Rahman, Khondaker M., David B. Corcoran, Tam T. T. Bui, Paul J. M. Jackson y David E. Thurston. "Pyrrolobenzodiazepines (PBDs) Do Not Bind to DNA G-Quadruplexes". PLoS ONE 9, n.º 8 (18 de agosto de 2014): e105021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0105021.

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37

Brucoli, Federico. "DNA-Minor Groove Binding Agents as Anti-Tubercular Probes. Old Tools for a New Challenge?" Anti-Infective Agents 16, n.º 2 (3 de agosto de 2018): 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2211352516666180612080830.

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Tuberculosis, an ancient infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, ranks as one of the top ten killers worldwide. The limited number of validated targets and scarce therapeutic options demand that renewed efforts should be made to identify tuberculosis drugs with novel mechanisms of action. To this end, mycobacterial DNA might represent a potential target for the development of effective anti-tubercular compounds. In particular, the minor groove of DNA offers an important recognition site for small-molecules that can be programmed to bind to this region in a sequence-selective manner to disrupt mycobacterial transcription factors activity and ultimately cause bacterial cell death. This review describes the structural features of the DNA-minor groove, the requirements for small molecules to bind to this site and the remarkable biophysical and antibacterial properties of DNA-minor groove binding agents, including netropsin, distamycin and their poly-heterocyclic analogues, diamidines, benzimidazole-containing molecules, duocarmycins and pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepines (PBDs). Furthermore, the ability of selected heterocyclic-polyamides and PBDs to significantly inhibit the growth of pathogenic, slow-growing M. tuberculosis and other non-pathogenic mycobacterial strains is highlighted. In summary, DNA-minor groove binding agents may serve as molecular scaffolds for the design of highly efficient probes to treat M. tuberculosis infections.

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38

Bülow, Margret H., Christian Wingen, Deniz Senyilmaz, Dominic Gosejacob, Mariangela Sociale, Reinhard Bauer, Heike Schulze et al. "Unbalanced lipolysis results in lipotoxicity and mitochondrial damage in peroxisome-deficient Pex19 mutants". Molecular Biology of the Cell 29, n.º 4 (15 de febrero de 2018): 396–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e17-08-0535.

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Inherited peroxisomal biogenesis disorders (PBDs) are characterized by the absence of functional peroxisomes. They are caused by mutations of peroxisomal biogenesis factors encoded by Pex genes, and result in childhood lethality. Owing to the many metabolic functions fulfilled by peroxisomes, PBD pathology is complex and incompletely understood. Besides accumulation of peroxisomal educts (like very-long-chain fatty acids [VLCFAs] or branched-chain fatty acids) and lack of products (like bile acids or plasmalogens), many peroxisomal defects lead to detrimental mitochondrial abnormalities for unknown reasons. We generated Pex19 Drosophila mutants, which recapitulate the hallmarks of PBDs, like absence of peroxisomes, reduced viability, neurodegeneration, mitochondrial abnormalities, and accumulation of VLCFAs. We present a model of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 (Hnf4)-induced lipotoxicity and accumulation of free fatty acids as the cause for mitochondrial damage in consequence of peroxisome loss in Pex19 mutants. Hyperactive Hnf4 signaling leads to up-regulation of lipase 3 and enzymes for mitochondrial β-oxidation. This results in enhanced lipolysis, elevated concentrations of free fatty acids, maximal β-oxidation, and mitochondrial abnormalities. Increased acid lipase expression and accumulation of free fatty acids are also present in a Pex19-deficient patient skin fibroblast line, suggesting the conservation of key aspects of our findings.

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Mastalski, Thomas, Rebecca Brinkmeier y Harald W. Platta. "The Peroxisomal PTS1-Import Defect of PEX1- Deficient Cells Is Independent of Pexophagy in Saccharomyces cerevisiae". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, n.º 3 (29 de enero de 2020): 867. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21030867.

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The important physiologic role of peroxisomes is shown by the occurrence of peroxisomal biogenesis disorders (PBDs) in humans. This spectrum of autosomal recessive metabolic disorders is characterized by defective peroxisome assembly and impaired peroxisomal functions. PBDs are caused by mutations in the peroxisomal biogenesis factors, which are required for the correct compartmentalization of peroxisomal matrix enzymes. Recent work from patient cells that contain the Pex1(G843D) point mutant suggested that the inhibition of the lysosome, and therefore the block of pexophagy, was beneficial for peroxisomal function. The resulting working model proposed that Pex1 may not be essential for matrix protein import at all, but rather for the prevention of pexophagy. Thus, the observed matrix protein import defect would not be caused by a lack of Pex1 activity, but rather by enhanced removal of peroxisomal membranes via pexophagy. In the present study, we can show that the specific block of PEX1 deletion-induced pexophagy does not restore peroxisomal matrix protein import or the peroxisomal function in beta-oxidation in yeast. Therefore, we conclude that Pex1 is directly and essentially involved in peroxisomal matrix protein import, and that the PEX1 deletion-induced pexophagy is not responsible for the defect in peroxisomal function. In order to point out the conserved mechanism, we discuss our findings in the context of the working models of peroxisomal biogenesis and pexophagy in yeasts and mammals.

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40

Picconi, Pietro, Charlotte K. Hind, J. Mark Sutton y Khondaker Miraz Rahman. "Covalent DNA Binding Is Essential for Gram-Negative Antibacterial Activity of Broad Spectrum Pyrrolobenzodiazepines". Antibiotics 11, n.º 12 (7 de diciembre de 2022): 1770. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11121770.

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It is urgent to find new antibiotic classes against multidrug-resistant bacteria as the rate of discovery of new classes of antibiotics has been very slow in the last 50 years. Recently, pyrrolobenzodiazepines (PBDs) with a C8-linked aliphatic-heterocycle have been identified as a new broad-spectrum antibiotic class with activity against Gram-negative bacteria. The active imine moiety of the reported lead pyrrolobenzodiazepine compounds was replaced with amide to obtain the non-DNA binding and noncytotoxic dilactam analogues to understand the structure-activity relationship further and improve the safety potential of this class. The synthesised compounds were tested against panels of multidrug-resistant Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including WHO priority pathogens. Minimum inhibitory concentrations for the dilactam analogues ranged from 4 to 32 mg/L for MDR Gram-positive bacteria, compared to 0.03 to 2 mg/L for the corresponding imine analogues. At the same time, they were found to be inactive against MDR Gram-negative bacteria, with a MIC > 32 mg/L, compared to a MIC of 0.5 to 32 mg/L for imine analogues. A molecular modelling study suggests that the lack of imine functionality also affects the interaction of PBDs with DNA gyrase. This study suggests that the presence of N10-C11 imine moiety is crucial for the broad-spectrum activity of pyrrolobenzodiazepines.

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41

Antonow, Dyeison y David E. Thurston. "Synthesis of DNA-Interactive Pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepines (PBDs)". Chemical Reviews 111, n.º 4 (17 de diciembre de 2010): 2815–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cr100120f.

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42

Basher, Mohammad A., Khondaker Miraz Rahman, Paul J. M. Jackson, David E. Thurston y Keith R. Fox. "Sequence-selective binding of C8-conjugated pyrrolobenzodiazepines (PBDs) to DNA". Biophysical Chemistry 230 (noviembre de 2017): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpc.2017.08.006.

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43

Shao, Mingwu, Jie Jiang, Ming Li, Lijie Wu y Mingzhu Hu. "Recent developments in the analysis of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and polybrominated biphenyls in plastic". Reviews in Analytical Chemistry 35, n.º 3 (1 de septiembre de 2016): 133–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/revac-2016-0012.

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AbstractPolybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs), heavily used as flame retardant in plastics, are harmful to environment and human health. It is of great importance for method development to determine PBDEs and PBBs in plastics. A review of developments on the analysis of PBDEs and PBBs in plastics is presented in this paper. The analytical procedures including sample pretreatment, extraction, clean-up/fractionation, and detection are carefully discussed. The drawbacks and merits of each method are summarized. The aim of this review is to improve the analytical accuracy, and precision for the determination of PBDEs and PBBs in plastics on the basis of the published papers.

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44

Varlashkin, P. G. y M. J. D. Low. "Infrared Spectra of Intumescent Chars". Applied Spectroscopy 40, n.º 3 (marzo de 1986): 393–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702864509141.

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The utility of infrared Fourier transform photothermal beam deflection spectroscopy (PBDS) for the examination of intumescent systems was explored. Infrared spectra were recorded of a model system consisting of a mixture of pentaerythritol and (NH4)2HPO4, and of a film of a commercial fire-retardant paint painted on sheet metal, at various stages before, at, and after intumescence. Although the morphology of the materials changes greatly during the thermal decompositions, infrared spectra can be recorded which can provide useful information about the systems and intumescent chars.

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45

Wang, Shuai, Jiacheng Yang, Beiyu Zhang, Kuntan Wu, Ao Yang, Chong Li, Jiacai Zhang et al. "Deoxynivalenol Impairs Porcine Intestinal Host Defense Peptide Expression in Weaned Piglets and IPEC-J2 Cells". Toxins 10, n.º 12 (15 de diciembre de 2018): 541. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins10120541.

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Host defense peptides (HDPs) are efficient defense components of the innate immune system, playing critical roles in intestinal homeostasis and protection against pathogens. This study aims to investigate the interference effects of DON on the intestinal porcine HDPs expression in piglets and intestinal porcine epithelial cell line (IPEC-J2) cells, and elucidate the underlying mechanisms through which it functions. In an animal experiment, intestinal HDPs were determined in weaned piglets fed control and 1.28 mg/kg or 2.89 mg/kg DON-contaminated diets. Dietary exposure to DON significantly decreased piglet average daily gain, increased intestinal permeability and depressed the expression of porcine β-defensin1 (pBD1), pBD2, pBD3, epididymis protein 2 splicing variant C (pEP2C), PMAP23, and proline/arginine-rich peptide of 39 amino acids (PR39) in the intestine (p < 0.05). In IPEC-J2 cells, DON decreased cell viability and inhibited the expression of pBD1, pBD3, pEP2C, PG1-5, and PR39 (p < 0.05). NOD2, key regulator that is responsible for HDPs production, was markedly downregulated, whereas caspase-12 was activated in the presence of DON. In conclusion, DON induced caspase-12 activation and inhibited the NOD2-mediated HDPs production, which led to an impaired intestinal barrier integrity of weaned piglets. Our study provides a promising target for future therapeutic strategies to prevent the adverse effects of DON.

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46

Cooper, Nectaroula, David R. Hagan, Arnaud Tiberghien, Temitope Ademefun, Charles S. Matthews, Philip W. Howard y David E. Thurston. "Synthesis of novel C2-aryl pyrrolobenzodiazepines (PBDs) as potential antitumour agents". Chemical Communications, n.º 16 (15 de julio de 2002): 1764–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b205136b.

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47

Low, M. J. D. "Some Practical Aspects of FT-IR/PBDS Part I: Vibrational Noise". Applied Spectroscopy 40, n.º 7 (septiembre de 1986): 1011–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702864508052.

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FT-IR photothermal beam deflection (PBD) signals are several orders of magnitude smaller than PBD signals generated in other spectral regions and by other means, so that vibrational rather than electronic noise is important to the production of FT-IR/PBD spectra at present. The interferometer of the PBD spectrometer produces mechanical vibrations, but the most serious disturbances arise in the environment and are of unknown origin and uncontrollable. The mechanical vibrations imposed on the optics lead to random, broad-band noise which can be decreased by multiple scanning, as well as to noise at discrete frequencies which can be nonrandom and consequently not be diminished by multiple scanning. Some types of such noise and their effects are described and discussed.

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48

Pavagadhi, Shruti y Sanjay Swarup. "Metabolomics for Evaluating Flavor-Associated Metabolites in Plant-Based Products". Metabolites 10, n.º 5 (15 de mayo de 2020): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo10050197.

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Plant-based diets (PBDs) are associated with environmental benefits, human health promotion and animal welfare. There is a worldwide shift towards PBDs, evident from the increased global demand for fresh plant-based products (PBPs). Such shifts in dietary preferences accompanied by evolving food palates, create opportunities to leverage technological advancements and strict quality controls in developing PBPs that can drive consumer acceptance. Flavor, color and texture are important sensory attributes of a food product and, have the largest influence on consumer appeal and acceptance. Among these, flavor is considered the most dominating quality attribute that significantly affects overall eating experience. Current state-of-art technologies rely on physicochemical estimations and sensory-based tests to assess flavor-related attributes in fresh PBPs. However, these methodologies often do not provide any indication about the metabolic features associated with unique flavor profiles and, consequently, can be used in a limited way to define the quality attributes of PBPs. To this end, a systematic understanding of metabolites that contribute to the flavor profiles of PBPs is warranted to complement the existing methodologies. This review will discuss the use of metabolomics for evaluating flavor-associated metabolites in fresh PBPs at post-harvest stage, alongside its applications for quality assessment and grading. We will summarize the current research in this area, discuss technical challenges and considerations pertaining to sampling and analytical techniques, as well as s provide future perspectives and directions for government organizations, industries and other stakeholders associated with the quality assessment of fresh PBPs.

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49

Low, M. J. D. y C. Morterra. "Some Practical Aspects of FT-IR/PBDS. Part II: Sample Handling Procedures". Applied Spectroscopy 41, n.º 2 (febrero de 1987): 280–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/000370287774986813.

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FT-IR photothermal beam deflection spectroscopy (PBDS) is truly nondestructive in that none of the sample preparation methods needed for the IR examination of solids are mandated. Such nondestructive examination is, however, inefficient—in that long scanning times are frequently needed—and is not really required with many samples. If it is permissible to subject the sample to a simple hand grinding, efficiency can be greatly improved. Sample preparation and handling are discussed, and the peculiarities of certain samples are described. Particular emphasis is placed on the necessity of proper sample handling for surface studies, data of the vacuum pyrolysis of polyvinyledene being used as example.

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Genuis, Shelagh K., Detlef Birkholz y Stephen J. Genuis. "Human Excretion of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether Flame Retardants: Blood, Urine, and Sweat Study". BioMed Research International 2017 (2017): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/3676089.

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Commonly used as flame retardants, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are routinely detected in the environment, animals, and humans. Although these persistent organic pollutants are increasingly recognized as having serious health implications, particularly for children, this is the first study, to our knowledge, to investigate an intervention for human elimination of bioaccumulated PBDEs. Objectives. To determine the efficacy of blood, urine, and perspiration as PBDE biomonitoring mediums; assess excretion of five common PBDE congeners (28, 47, 99, 100, and 153) in urine and perspiration; and explore the potential of induced sweating for decreasing bioaccumulated PBDEs. Results. PBDE congeners were not found in urine samples; findings focus on blood and perspiration. 80% of participants tested positive in one or more body fluids for PBDE 28, 100% for PBDE 47, 95% for PBDE 99, and 90% for PBDE 100 and PBDE 153. Induced perspiration facilitated excretion of the five congeners, with different rates of excretion for different congeners. Conclusion. Blood testing provides only a partial understanding of human PBDE bioaccumulation; testing of both blood and perspiration provides a better understanding. This study provides important baseline evidence for regular induced perspiration as a potential means for therapeutic PBDE elimination. Fetotoxic and reproductive effects of PBDE exposure highlight the importance of further detoxification research.

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