Tesis sobre el tema "Patologie respiratorie"
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Carraro, Silvia. "IL CONDENSATO DELL'ARIA ESPIRATA NELLO STUDIO DI PATOLOGIE RESPIRATORIE PEDIATRICHE". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3426875.
Texto completoBackground e obiettivi. Negli ultimi 10 anni, nel campo della pneumologia pediatrica, c'è stato un crescente interesse verso lo sviluppo di metodiche non invasive per lo studio dell infiammazione delle vie aeree. Infatti, sebbene la metodica gold standard sia rappresentata dalla broncoscopia con il broncolavaggio e le biopsie bronchiali, l'invasività di tale procedura ne limita l'uso a selezionate indicazioni cliniche non permettendo l'applicazione ad un'ampia popolazione, in particolare nell'ambito pediatrico. Sono state pertanto sviluppate metodiche non invasive tra le quali la più studiata è la misura dell'ossido nitrico nell'aria esalata (FENO), marker di infiammazione eosinofilica delle vie aeree. Altra promettente metodica non invasiva è rappresentata dall'analisi del condensato dell'aria espirata (EBC). Il condensato è un biofluido ottenuto mediante il raffreddamento dell'aria espirata. La composizione di tale biofluido rispecchia le caratteristiche del liquido di superficie delle vie aeree. Caratteristica fondamentale del condensato è che permette il dosaggio di diversi biomarkers, consentendo di indagare sui vari processi patogenetici coinvolti nelle malattie respiratorie. Recentemente, accanto alla possibilità di dosare singoli mediatori, è stata proposta la possibilità di analizzare il condensato mediante un approccio innovativo: l'analisi metabolomica. Questa biotecnologia si basa sull'applicazione di tecniche spettroscopiche (generalmente la spettroscopia basata sulla RNM e la spettrometria di massa) combinate con un'analisi statistica multivariata e permette di identificare profili metabolici caratteristici di un gruppo di soggetti, consentendo quindi la discriminazione sia tra sani e malati che tra soggetti con diversi fenotipi di malattia. Obbiettivo del presente progetto di ricerca, sviluppato attraverso 3 studi distinti, è stato l'applicazione della metodica non invasiva del condensato dell'EBC nello studio di patologie respiratorie di interesse pediatrico. Metodi e Risultati 1) Nel primo studio (Exhaled leukotriene B4 in children with community acquired pneumonia) l'EBC è stato utilizzato per la prima volta nella valutazione di bambini con polmonite acquisita in comunità (CAP). Il leucotriene B4 (LTB4), un potente agente chemiotattico dei neutrofili attivati, è stato dosato nell'EBC di 18 bambini con CAP. La concentrazione dell'LTB4 era aumentata in questi bambini rispetto a 17 controlli sani ed andava incontro a normalizzazione dopo una settimana di terapia antibiotica. Lo studio ha dimostrato che mediante la metodica dell'EBC è possibile monitorare in modo non invasivo l'andamento di un marcatore della risposta biologica del polmone alle infezioni respiratorie nei bambini. Lo studio è stato pubblicato sulla rivista Pediatric Pulmonology (Carraro S, et al. Exhaled leukotriene B4 in children with community acquired pneumonia. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2008;43:982-6). 2) Nel secondo studio (EIA and GC-MS analysis of 8-isoprostane in EBC of children with problematic asthma) abbiamo valutato l'8-isoprostano nell'EBC di bambini con asma ben controllato e con asma problematico, dimostrando concentrazioni più elevate di questo marker di stress ossidativo nei bambini con asma problematico. Tale dato apre la strada allo sviluppo di nuove strategie terapeutiche, mirate al controllo dello stress ossidativo, che potrebbero migliorare la gestione dell'asma problematico. Questo studio comprendeva anche una parte metodologica che consisteva nel confronto del dosaggio dell'8-isoprostano effettuato con metodica immunoenzimatica, che costituisce la tecnica più frequentemente utilizzata negli studi, e con gas comatografia accoppiata alla spettrometria di massa (GC-MS), che rappresenta una metodica analitica di riferimento. Le due metodiche di analisi hanno dimostrato una riproducibilità accettabile, sebbene la CG-MS sia caratterizzata da maggiore accuratezza. Lo studio è stato pubblicato sulla rivista European Repiratory Journal (Carraro S, et al. EIA and GC-MS analysis of 8-isoprostane in EBC of children with problematic asthma. Eur Respir J. 2009 Nov 6. [Epub ahead of print] doi:10.1183/09031936.00074909) 3) Il terzo studio (Metabolomic analysis of breath condensate in the characterization of asthma phenotypes in children) si è basato sull'applicazione dell'analisi metabolomica all'EBC per caratterizzare dal punto di vista metabolico diversi fenotipi di asma. L'analisi metabolomica, grazie alla sua natura non selettiva, permette il dosaggio contemporaneo di un numero molto elevato di metaboliti consentendo di individuare cluster di biomolecole coinvolte nella caratterizzazione di specifici gruppi di pazienti. Abbiamo dimostrato che l'analisi metabolomica è in grado di discriminare nettamente i bambini con asma lieve (trattati o meno con steroidi inalatori) da quelli con asma severo, suggerendo che un diverso profilo biochimico-infiammatorio sottende questi 2 fenotipi di asma. Nella caratterizzazione dei bambini con asma lieve, in particolare, è emersa come importante una variabile che identifica un metabolita appartenente alla famiglia dei prostanoidi. Per i bambini con asma severo, pur non essendo stata identificata una singola variabile caratterizzante, è emerso un profilo metabolico che nel suo insieme li distingue nettamente dagli altri gruppi. Studi ulteriori potrebbero confermare il ruolo di tali profili metabolici dell'EBC nella caratterizzazione precoce del fenotipo asmatico nei bambini. Conclusioni Il presente progetto di ricerca dimostra nel suo complesso che la metodica del condensato dell'aria espirata può essere applicata con successo in diverse malattie respiratorie pediatriche sia acute, quali la polmonite, che croniche, quali l'asma. Lo studio dell'8-isoprostano fornisce inoltre interessanti elementi metodologici, dimostrando una accettabile riproducibilità tra la metodica immunoenzimatica e la GC-MS, sebbene quest'ultima abbia una maggiore accuratezza. Infine lo studio metabolomico rappresenta un significativo passo avanti nella caratterizzazione dei fenotipi di asma da un punto di vista biochimico-infiammatorio e apre la strada a nuovi studi che sfruttino questo approccio innovativo.
Nogué, Xarau Santiago. "Intoxicación medicamentosa aguda grave: patología respiratoria asociada". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/31946.
Texto completoGómez, Garrido Alba. "Lesión medular y repercusión en el sistema respiratorio". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/285646.
Texto completoINTRODUCTION The dysfunction of the respiratory system and the breathing complications in the spinal cord injured persons have an effect on the morbidity and the mortality of the disease. The degree of respiratory involvement caused by the dysfunction of the respiratory muscles is related to the degree and the location of the neurological injury, as well as, its evolutionary time. OBJECTIVES Translating to Spanish and validating the questionnaire of international consensus: “INTERNATIONAL SPINAL CORD INJURY PULMONARY FUNCTION BASIC DATA SET”. Determining the influence of the chronicle spinal cord injury in the respiratory system in terms of respiratory functionalism. Analyzing the existence of other variables that could affect the respiratory function and the strength of the respiratory muscles in order to get more information for the management. MATERIALS AND METHODS Translation to Spanish and validation of the questionnaire of international consensus intended for the study of the pulmonary function in spinal cord injury disease. Testing the reliability of that questionnaire. Realization of a descriptive transversal study to determine the degree of affectation of the respiratory system and its repercussion in chronicle traumatic spinal cord injury patients with different neurological levels according to ASIA classification. RESULTS According to the consensus questionnaire the 91.9% did not have any respiratory pathology before the spinal cord injury and the 54.8% of the patients used to smoke. The 27.4% presented breathing complications one year after the injury, being pneumonia the most frequent one. The results of the respiratory function tests were FVC 67%, FEV1 72% and PEF 70%. The concordance and reliability were 98%. The 96.8% of the patients presented dysfunction in the respiratory muscles, being the ones with highest injuries those that had severe affectation (71%). Dysfunction of the inspiratory muscles was found in the 50% of the patients, being moderated in a 32.3% and severe in the 17.7%. Correlation between the PIM value and the degree of neuronal affectation has been found. However, a poor correlation has been seen between the PCT and the dysfunction of the respiratory muscles. Making a multiple regression study between the cough peak and the strength of the respiratory muscles, it is possible to appreciate that the correlation of the PIM is greater than the one of the PEM for all the neurological levels. CONCLUSIONS The questionnaire of international consensus about the pulmonary function is a useful tool for the study of the respiratory affectation in the spinal cord injury. The standardized use of that questionnaire makes it easier to compare between different hospitals and countries. A most exhaustive study of the respiratory functionalism, including the study of the maximum respiratory pressures and the cough peak, is recommended in those patients with risk of presenting breathing complications or deterioration of the pulmonary function.
Zanforlin, Alessandro <1979>. "Applicazioni cliniche e sperimentali dell’ecografia toracica in pneumologia: la diagnostica precoce delle patologie pleuropolmonari". Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/4505/1/zanforlin_alessandro_tesi.pdf.
Texto completoZanforlin, Alessandro <1979>. "Applicazioni cliniche e sperimentali dell’ecografia toracica in pneumologia: la diagnostica precoce delle patologie pleuropolmonari". Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/4505/.
Texto completoUtrillo, Montagut Laia. "Utilidad de la proteína C reactiva en el manejo de infecciones respiratorias". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/385439.
Texto completoFundamento. El diagnóstico clínico de neumonía es difícil y, a menudo, las radiografías de tórax son indeterminadas, dando lugar a diagnósticos incorrectos y a una sobreutilización de antibióticos. Objetivos. Analizar si la determinación de la proteína C reactiva (PCR) en suero, puede ser útil en el manejo de enfermos con síntomas respiratorios agudos. Métodos. Durante 2 inviernos, todos los pacientes consecutivos atendidos en el área de urgencias de nuestro hospital por tos aguda, fueron reclutados. Además de la radiografía de tórax y estudios básicos de laboratorio, se realizó la determinación de la PCR en el suero de los pacientes. Resultados. Un total de 1002 pacientes fueron reclutados. Aquellos con neumonía tenían unos niveles de PCR más elevados (mediana 187 mg/L) que aquellos con agudización de su EPOC (63 mg/L), bronquitis aguda (54 mg/L), o insuficiencia cardiaca (17 mg/L). Sólo 47 (8,6%) de 557 pacientes con neumonía tenían un nivel de PCR < 50 mg/L. La PCR demostró tener una buena eficacia para identificar nuevos infiltrados (área bajo la curva ROC = 0.84, 95% CI 0,82-0,87). Unos valores de PCR superiores 150 mg/L e inferiores a 100 mg/L, mostraron una likelihood ratio positiva (LR+) y negativa (LR -) de 5,08 y 0,24 respectivamente, para identificar neumonía. Las combinaciones de PCR y leucocitos (>15 x 10x9/L) en una regla en “y” incrementaron la probabilidad de neumonía (LR+ 12,9). Conclusiones. Añadir la determinación de la PCR en el proceso diagnóstico de pacientes hospitalizados por síntomas respiratorios agudos es útil y puede ayudar al clínico en la toma de decisiones.
Background. Clinical diagnosis of pneumonia is difficult and often chest radiographs are indeterminate, leading to incorrect diagnosis and antibiotic overuse. Objective. Determine whether serum C-reactive protein (CRP) could assist in managing patients with acute respiratory symptoms. Methods. During two winters, all consecutive patients with acute cough admitted to the emergency ward of our hospital were enrolled. In addition to chest radiographs, basic laboratory tests and cultures, a CRP determination in serum was performed. Results. A total of 1002 patients were recruited. Subjects with final diagnosis of pneumonia had higher CRP (median 187 mg/L) than those with exacerbations of COPD (63 mg/L), acute bronchitis (54 mg/L), or heart failure (17 mg/L). Only 47 (9.4%) out of 526 patients with pneumonia had CRP levels < 50 mg/L. CRP showed a good accuracy for the presence of new infiltrates (area under the ROC curve = 0.84, 95% CI 0,82-0,87). Cut-off CRP values above 150 mg/L and below 100 mg/L showed a positive (LR+) and negative likelihood ratio (LR -) of 5,08 and 0,24 respectively for identifying pneumonia. Combinations of CRP and leukocyte count (>15 x 10x9/L) in an “and” rule increased the probability of pneumonia (LR+ 12,9). Conclusions. The addition of CRP to the diagnostic work-up in patients hospitalized with acute respiratory symptoms is useful and can help clinicians in management decisions.
Afonso, Lopes Roque Agostinho Helena Maria. "Estudio Morfoclínico Craneofacial en Niños con Patología Respiratoria Crónica y Respiración Oral". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/298166.
Texto completoThis study proposes to evaluate the craniofacial abnormalities, pharyngeal airway changes and malocclusion, comparing children with chronic respiratory disease and oral breathing with children without respiratory disease and nasal breathing. A sample of 200 children, between five and fourteen, matched in age and gender, with malocclusion, were divided in two groups: 100 with chronic respiratory disease and oral breathing (G1) and 100 without chronic respiratory disease and nasal breathing (G2). Cephalometric teleradiography registration and dental casts measurements were made. Angular and linear measures and the answers of a medical questionnaire history were subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS, version 19. Significance level of 5 % was used. Chi-square or Fisher test and t-Student's test was used respectably for qualitative and quantitative measurements. The questionnaire was validated by clusters analysis (Average Linkage Within and between groups). G1 group showed significant changes between the cranial base and the mandible plane (FMA and SN.GoGn), N-ANS distance, in length of mandible ramus (Go-Po), maxillary length (Co-A) and the width of the pharynx. Dental arches showed significant changes in anterior and posterior cross bite, less overbite, less overjet, larger intermolar and intercanine mandibular distance. Next, to assess the influence of the tonsils size, we formed two groups with n = 35 each, with and without enlarged tonsils, with elements with and without oral breathing. To evaluate the collapse of the nostrils, we formed two groups with 40 elements each, with and without collapsing nostrils. Conclusions: children with respiratory pathology and oral breathing are skeletally more vertical and have smaller maxillary length, shorter mandible ramus, more narrow airway, more anterior and posterior cross bite, a larger lower intercanine and intermolar distance. Large tonsils are associated with shorter length of the maxilla and backward inclination of the upper and lower incisors. Hypertrophy of the tonsils determines the size of the airway but the collapse of the nostrils has no influence. The etiology of anterior crossbite may be associated with either oral breathing or tonsils’ hypertrophy. The questionnaire was validated and it can be one more tool in the diagnosis of mouth breathing.
Camargo, Hurtado Rosina Julieta y Hurtado Rosina Julieta Camargo. "Patología del aparato respiratorio bajo en cerdos de crianza comercial, casuistica del laboratorio de Histología, Embriología y Patología Veterinaria – FMV.UNMSM período 2000 al 2006". Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2010. http://cybertesis.unmsm.edu.pe/handle/cybertesis/389.
Texto completo-- The swine health problems affect the farm productivity and pulmonary diseases are one of the most important causes of economic losses, hence the importance of knowing the health problems affect the pig farms in order to help the field veterinarian to the presumptive diagnosis. The aim of this study was to determine the respiratory lesions´ frequency in pigs arrived at the laboratory of Histology, Embryology and Pathology - Veterinary Pathology section of the UNMSM-FMV, diagnosed as during the period 2000 to 2006. We analyzed necropsy protocols of the Laboratory HEPV taking into account the following data: lung lesion diagnosis, race, age, sex and origin place, as well as reports of the Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology, Bacteriology Section of the animals were sent samples to confirm the causative agent. From a total of 6093 cases arrived at the laboratory, 417 belonged to the porcine species, of which 201 cases (48.2%) of these pathologies in the lung. According to pathological disorder types, the inflammatory type were most frequent with 143 cases (71.1%) and inside of them the bronchopneumonia occurred more frequently in 69 cases (34.3%), followed by lobar pneumonia were 57 cases (28.3%). In term of the races (Creole, hybrid and pure) was found that landrace had greater injury frequency 53/141 cases (46.5%). The animals in fattening stage had higher lesions frequency of 131/201 cases (65.2%). In relation to sex the injury frequency was 82/161 cases (50.9%) for females and 79/161 cases (49.1%) for males; according to place from, the south of Lima was found higher injury frequency 101/100 cases (50.2%) compared with other areas from Lima; and from 96 cases sent by bacteriological diagnosis found that only 7 different bacterias were isolated from lung, which the main were Haemophilus spp, Corynebacterium spp., Escherichia spp and Pasteurella spp. In conclusion respiratory problems in swine production represent 48.2% diagnosed through the macroscopic lesion diagnosis. However, the high frequency of bronchopneumonia and lobar pneumonia suggests the presence of some respiratory complex microorganisms. -- Key words: pigs, frequency of pulmonary lesions, pneumonia.
Tesis
Camargo, Hurtado Rosina Julieta. "Patología del aparato respiratorio bajo en cerdos de crianza comercial, casuistica del laboratorio de Histología, Embriología y Patología Veterinaria – FMV.UNMSM período 2000 al 2006". Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2010. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/389.
Texto completo-- The swine health problems affect the farm productivity and pulmonary diseases are one of the most important causes of economic losses, hence the importance of knowing the health problems affect the pig farms in order to help the field veterinarian to the presumptive diagnosis. The aim of this study was to determine the respiratory lesions´ frequency in pigs arrived at the laboratory of Histology, Embryology and Pathology - Veterinary Pathology section of the UNMSM-FMV, diagnosed as during the period 2000 to 2006. We analyzed necropsy protocols of the Laboratory HEPV taking into account the following data: lung lesion diagnosis, race, age, sex and origin place, as well as reports of the Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology, Bacteriology Section of the animals were sent samples to confirm the causative agent. From a total of 6093 cases arrived at the laboratory, 417 belonged to the porcine species, of which 201 cases (48.2%) of these pathologies in the lung. According to pathological disorder types, the inflammatory type were most frequent with 143 cases (71.1%) and inside of them the bronchopneumonia occurred more frequently in 69 cases (34.3%), followed by lobar pneumonia were 57 cases (28.3%). In term of the races (Creole, hybrid and pure) was found that landrace had greater injury frequency 53/141 cases (46.5%). The animals in fattening stage had higher lesions frequency of 131/201 cases (65.2%). In relation to sex the injury frequency was 82/161 cases (50.9%) for females and 79/161 cases (49.1%) for males; according to place from, the south of Lima was found higher injury frequency 101/100 cases (50.2%) compared with other areas from Lima; and from 96 cases sent by bacteriological diagnosis found that only 7 different bacterias were isolated from lung, which the main were Haemophilus spp, Corynebacterium spp., Escherichia spp and Pasteurella spp. In conclusion respiratory problems in swine production represent 48.2% diagnosed through the macroscopic lesion diagnosis. However, the high frequency of bronchopneumonia and lobar pneumonia suggests the presence of some respiratory complex microorganisms. -- Key words: pigs, frequency of pulmonary lesions, pneumonia.
Tesis
Fortuna, Gutiérrez Ana Mª. "Utilidad de la medición de óxido nítrico en aire espirado en la patología respiratoria". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/285017.
Texto completoKnowledge about the pathogenesis of respiratory diseases has undergone considerable change in recent years, which in part has been made possible by the use of biomarkers that allow a better approach to the pathogenesis of the disease. The measurement of nitric oxide (NO), inflammatory biomarker, has attracted increasing attention in the scientific community, with utilities and applications in the diagnosis, control and monitoring of therapeutic response in different respiratory processes. The overall objective of this research was to evaluate the technique of exhaled NO measurement by different methods, their usefulness as a noninvasive measure of inflammation in asthma diagnosis and management, and it use as an indirect measure of airway inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients. The first study describes the method and the procedure of exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) measurement by NIOX-MINO® device and FENO reference values in a group of 28 healthy subjects. These values were compared to the values obtained by the chemiluminescence device, commonly used. We obtained higher FENO values with NIOX-MINO® device an it required the development of a linear correction factor to match both devices. The NIOX-MINO® device allows FENO measurement by a simple technique and it has advantages over chemiluminescence device: it just requires one maneuver, it has portability and the possibility of self-realization by the patient. The second study develops and describes the two-compartment model to alveolar NO concentration (CANO) measurement by the use of the multiple expiratory flows technique. Furthermore CANO reference values were established in a group of 33 healthy subjects (3.04 ± 1.30 ppb, range of values between 1.45 and 6.31 ppb) without showing variability with respect to demographic and spirometric data. These results allow to perform the two- compartment model for quantifying CANO values, wich is an inflammatory biomarker of distal airway and lung endothelial state. The third study was conducted in a group of patients with suggestive asthma symptoms. We compared in these patients FENO measurement over conventional diagnostic methods (spirometry, bronchodilator test and bronchial provocation test with methacholine) and over induced sputum. The results showed that the FENO measurement has excellent correlation with methacholine bronchial provocation test in asthma diagnosis and it also provides greater diagnostic accuracy than the spirometry, bronchodilator testing and induced sputum. Furthermore, the combination of airway inflammatory tests, induced sputum and FENO, increase the diagnostic accuracy of both techniques evaluated individually. The fourth study compared FENO and CANO values in a group of OSA patients compared with a group of healthy subjets. The results showed the presence of higher FENO values in OSA group reflecting the local inflammatory status in these patients, and lower CANO values reflecting the decreased bioavailability of NO associated with endothelial dysfunction in OSA patients. Morever FENO and CANO were related to the severity of OSA which probably reflects a major component of local inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in the most severe patients. CPAP Treatment for 3 months restored the FENO and CANO values to normal. These results about a non-invasive measurement, FENO and CANO values, would be potential markers of OSA severity and early indicators of endothelial dysfunction. They could be useful parameters for making treatment decisions for OSA patients, with AHI and clinical.
Oliveira, Deilson Elgui de [UNESP]. "Infecção pelo vírus de Epstein-Barr (EBV) e vírus do papiloma humano (HPV), expressão da proteína p53 e proliferação celular em carcinomas de nasofaringe e laringe". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104604.
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Pascual, Guàrdia Sergi 1979. "Caracterización del fenotipo muscular en la EPOC y sepsis en pacientes : estructura fibrilar, inflamación, estrés oxidativo y regeneración". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/325430.
Texto completoBoth inflammation and oxidative stress are molecular mechanisms that contribute to muscle damage and dysfunction. Although different chronic disorders share inflammatory phenomena, some of them are characterized by a low-grade but long duration of these events (COPD, with or without weight loss) and others are more acute with a dramatic release of many proinflammatory molecules (Sepsis). The mechanisms of muscle regeneration in both entities are essential for a proper structural and functional recovery, and can condition phenotypic changes. Objective: To assess oxidative stress, inflammation and muscle structure before and after a rehabilitation program in the vastus lateralis (VL) and intercostal muscles of COPD patients. Moreover, to evaluate regenerative changes in the VL and to carry out a survival analysis. In parallel, to investigate the events of oxidative stress and inflammation in the muscles of septic patients. Methods: Study 1: fiber changes (immunohistochemistry) and oxidative stress (western-blot) were analyzed in the intercostal and VL muscles of 25 COPD patients before and after a high intensity training (8-10 weeks). Exercise capacity (6’ walking test and cycloergometry) and health-related quality of life (SGRQ and SF36) were also determined. Study 2: fiber phenotype of VL and survival was analyzed in an additional group of 392 COPD patients. Study 3: fiber changes, damage and number of satellite cells (immunohistochemistry), RNA expression of key genes involved in regeneration, mediators of inflammation and maintenance of muscle mass (real time PCR), and levels of key proteins related to regeneration (western-blot) were analyzed in the VL of COPD patients (15 underweight and 15 with normal weight) and control subjects (n=10). Primary myoblast cultures of these muscle samples were also performed and cell mechanical properties (linked to migration, tensile microscopy), proliferation (population doubling time and ELISA) and differentiation (ELISA and PCR) were quantified. Study 4: samples of intercostal and VL of 6 patients with severe sepsis and 6 control subjects were analyzed for muscle structure, oxidative stress and inflammatory mediators (above mentioned techniques). Results: Study 1: Basal levels of oxidative stress and antioxidants (SOD2) were increased in the VL versus the intercostal muscle of COPD patients. After 10 weeks of training, significant improvements were observed in exercise capacity and quality of life with no increases in oxidative stress in either of the two muscles. Study 2: The increase in the proportion of fast fibers in the VL of COPD patients was associated with increased mortality, especially in those with a severe disease. Study 3: Exercise limitation as well as increases in the percentage of fast fibers, signs of muscle damage, internalized nuclei and satellite cells was observed in the VL of COPD patients compared to controls. Furthermore, increased expression of genes involved in early stages of muscle regeneration (PAX7, MYOG and Myf6) but a decrease in those regulating late phases (MYH8) was also observed in the muscle of COPD patients when compared to controls. Patients with COPD and low weight also showed upregulation of the genes encoding IL-6 and muscle growth factors (IGF-1 and MGF). We saw no difference on primary myoblast cultures in either the ability of migration, proliferation, differentiation or the expression of key muscle regeneration genes between patients and controls. Study 4: Different oxidative stress and inflammatory (TNF- and its receptors, IL-1β, IL-6 and CD18) markers were increased in the VL of septic patients compared with controls, with no differences in the intercostal muscle. Conclusions: We found significant alterations in the muscles of both COPD and septic patients, although the latter had a distinct pattern between respiratory and peripheral muscles. High intensity training induces clinical improvement in COPD patients, with no increases in the levels of oxidative stress and inflammation. The mechanisms of muscle regeneration appear to be altered in the VL of COPD patients, which is probably due to the interaction of local factors in vivo. Muscle fiber phenotype predicts mortality of these patients.
Domínguez, Fandos David. "Estudio de los efectos de agentes anticolinérgicos y de inhibidores de fosfodiesterasa-5 sobre la estructura pulmonar en un modelo experimental de enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica inducido por humo de tabaco en el cobayo". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/293379.
Texto completoCórdoba, Izquierdo Ana. "Efectos clínicos y aspectos técnicos de la ventilación no invasiva en la insuficiencia respiratoria aguda". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/283321.
Texto completoBACKGROUND: Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) failure remains high despite the increasing experience with this technique. Moreover, different ventilators are used to conduct NIV in acute ill patients: conventional intensive care unit (ICU) ventilators, transport ventilators and dedicated NIV ventilators, which could influence patient-ventilator synchronization and sleep quality. OBJECTIVES: 1. To assess the rate of NIV failure and to identify early predictors of intubation under NIV in patients admitted for acute hypercapnic respiratory failure (AHRF) in an experienced unit. 2. To compare patient-ventilator synchrony during NIV between ICU, transport (both with and without the NIV algorithm engaged) and dedicated NIV ventilators. 3. To evaluate the impact of the ventilator type on sleep quality in patients admitted for AHRF. 4. To evaluate sleep during and between NIV ventilation sessions. METHODS: The ability of the ventilators to synchronize with the patient’s respiratory effort was evaluated in a bench study using a lung simulator and a calibrated leak system and in two physiological studies using flow, airway pressure, and respiratory muscles surface electromyogram (in one study) or inductive plethysmography recordings (in the other study). Sleep quality was studied using a polysomnography. RESULTS: The rates of intubation and ICU mortality were respectively 15% and 5%. After adjustment, non-acute on chronic respiratory failure was independently associated with NIV failure, as well as acidosis (pH < 7.30) and severe hypoxemia (PaO2/FIO2 < 200 mmHg) after 1 hour of NIV initiation, whereas altered consciousness on admission and ventilatory settings had no influence on outcome. Concerning the comparison between ventilators used for NIV, we found that dedicated NIV ventilators allow better patient-ventilator synchrony than ICU and transport ventilators, even with their NIV algorithm engaged, although there is a wide variation between ventilators; and that the ventilator type has no impact on sleep quality. When comparing sleep quality between NIV sessions and spontaneous breathing time we found that NIV did not prevent patients from sleeping, on the contrary, they seem to aid sleep. CONCLUSIONS: In an experienced unit with a nurse-driven NIV protocol, the NIV failure can be reduced to 15% in patients receiving NIV for AHRF, and NIV of patients with hypercapnic encephalopathy can be successful. Dedicate ventilators have shown a better synchronization with the patient’s respiration without showing differences in sleep quality compared to conventional ICU ventilators. Maintaining NIV treatment during the sleep time does not impede sleep.
Oliveira, Deilson Elgui. "Infecção pelo vírus de Epstein-Barr (EBV) e vírus do papiloma humano (HPV), expressão da proteína p53 e proliferação celular em carcinomas de nasofaringe e laringe /". Botucatu : [s.n.], 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104604.
Texto completoFuenzalida, Inostroza Loreto. "Nuevos métodos diagnósticos para la detección de virus respiratorios emergentes en población pediátrica". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/96539.
Texto completoAcute viral respiratory tract infection is the leading cause of hospitalization for infants and young children in developed countries. It is also a major cause of death in developing countries. In clinical practice, a specific virus is often not identified due to the lack of sensitive tests and/or the presence of as-yet-unknown pathogens. Conventional diagnostic testing for respiratory virus infections includes virus isolation in cell culture and serology, which were among the first methods used to diagnose respiratory virus infections. Nucleic acid based amplification tests (NATs) for respiratory viruses were first introduced two decades ago and today are utilized for the detection of both conventional and emerging viruses. These tests are more sensitive than other diagnostic approaches, including virus isolation in cell culture, shell vial culture (SVC), antigen detection by direct fluorescent antibody (DFA) staining, and rapid enzyme immunoassay (EIA), and now form the backbone of clinical virology laboratory testing around the world. Given the importance of the respiratory tract infections in children, the Thesis focuses on the contribution that new diagnostic tests have made in increasing our ability to detect emerging respiratory virus infections (human metapneumovirus, human bocavirus and influenza A (H1N1) 2009) and to understand their epidemiology in pediatric population. This thesis contributes to the knowledge of emerging respiratory viruses in children correlating the results with clinical findings. The new molecular and immunological techniques evaluated in this Thesis have been found useful for detecting emerging respiratory viruses. In general, PCR assays are more sensitive than methods for the detection of antigens. Moreover, the inclusion of diagnostic strategies based on multiplex PCR could be helpful in identifying the real significance of viral coinfections. The gradual incorporation of molecular techniques in clinical laboratories, enable early diagnosis and prompt and better infection control, preventing nosocomial transmission, especially in patients with risk factors. However, it is necessary to decrease its cost and equipment that may be used as detection techniques in healthcare laboratories. New techniques studied here would expand the diagnostic possibilities for those viruses that are undetectable by other methods or are difficult to culture. Incorporating emerging virus detection in microbiology laboratories can improve the etiologic diagnosis of respiratory tract infections in children.
Pons, Òdena Martí. "Análisis de la efectividad de la ventilación no invasiva en la insuficiencia respiratoria aguda en el paciente pediátrico". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/126115.
Texto completoObjectives The primary objective of our study was to confirm safety and effectiveness of non-invasive ventilation (NIV) in children with acute respiratory failure (ARF). Our secondary objective was identify predictive factors of failure for NIV in children after describing and analyzing separately the characteristics of first-line or initial NIV, rescue and elective post-extubation NIV. Methods Patients and setting A prospective cohort study was carried out from January 2005 to December 2009 in a tertiary hospital PICU admitting patients from birth to 18 years of age. Consecutive sampling was conducted on all admitted patients who presented ARF and received NIV. Exclusion criteria were presence of any contraindications to NIV and NIV used as a palliative measure. Ethics Committee of Hospital Sant Joan de Deu approval was obtained. Data collected The patient’s data and clinical variables of NIV support for each episode were documented; type interface, ventilator and ventilation mode used (CPAP, BLPAP); settings and physiological variables prior to starting NIV, at 2, 8, 12 and 24 hours of NIV treatment; therefore, the SpO2/FiO2 ratio (SF) was also calculated retrospectively using the some intervals; appearance of complications or contraindications; mortality; NIV duration; NIV outcome (success/failure) and PICU and hospital stay. Failure of NIV was defined as the need for intubation. Results Descriptive study During the study period our PICU admitted 2238 patients, needing respiratory support. Out of this group, 491 episodes of NIV were collected. This gives us a study sample of 282 initial NIV episodes, Patients who received NIV after extubation were divided in rescue NIV 75, and elective NIV 134. Effectiveness was 71, 84 and 77% respectively. Effectiveness decreases with age, older 2 years (85%), 6months-2 years (75%), younger than 6 months (65%). Skin sores were the most common complication observed. No mortality was associated to NIV use. Multivariate analysis Independent predictive factors for NIV failure are: receiving CPAP instead of bilevel, showing respiratory failure type II, and having lower SF ratio value, greater Heart rate value and lower decrease of Heart rate at 2 hours. Conclusions Non-invasive ventilation is a safe and effective respiratory support for children with ARF.
Benítez, Silva Pedro A. "Poliposis nasal e inflamación. Estudio de evolución clínica, capacidad olfativa, tomografía computerizada y marcadores inflamatorios intracelulares potencialmente predictivos de la respuesta a los glucocorticoides". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/1206.
Texto completoObjetivo. Demostrar la existencia de diferentes grados de inflamación en la PN cuando asocia o no asma, y su diferente respuesta al tratamiento corticoideo.
Material y métodos. En 59 pacientes con PN, 10 como grupo control y 49 como grupo experimental, 17 sin asma (PNS), 18 con asma tolerante (PN+ATA) y 14 con asma intolerante al ácido acetil salicílico (PN+AIA) realizamos una evaluación clínica (obstrucción nasal subjetiva, endoscopia nasal, rinomanometría, olfatometría y tomografía computerizada) y experimental (expresión del gen de Cox-1 y 2) tras 4 semanas sin tratamiento corticoideo, tras dos semanas de tratamiento con corticoides orales (CCO) y doce de corticoides intranasales (CCI).
Resultados. Basalmente los pacientes con PN+AIA tienen una mayor inflamación y una menor olfacción. Después del tratamiento con CCO los pacientes con PN mejoran clínicamente y aumentan la expresión del gen de Cox-2 de manera significativa (p<0,01). Los CCI mantienen la mejoría clínica (p<0,01), excepto para el sentido del olfato, aunque muestra una tendencia decreciente para la PNS, PN+ATA y PN+AIA. La expresión de Cox-1 no presenta variaciones ni después del tratamiento con CCO ni CCI. La evaluación endoscópica y del olfato se correlaciona con la puntuación tomográfica antes (r= 0,51; r= - 0,56; p<0,01) y después del tratamiento (r= 0,6; r= - 0,67; p<0,01).
Conclusión. (a) Los CCO y CCI son efectivos en todos los pacientes, en menor medida cuando asocian asma tolerante o intolerante al AAS. (b) La endoscopia nasal y la olfatometría son instrumentos tan útiles como la tomografía para el seguimiento de la PN.
Fraga, José Carlos Soares de. "Endoscopia respiratoria rigida : consideracao sobre 356 exames realizados em criancas". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/139234.
Texto completoThree hundred and fifly-six rcspiratory cndoscopies wcrc madc in children at Santo Antonio Childrcn's Hospital of Porto Alegre (Brazil), from March 1988 to March 1992. The cndoscopics wcrc pcrformcd undcr general anesthesia, and a rigid pediatric bronchoscope was uscd. A predominance o f thc malc scx (56(]0) was observcd among thc cxamincd childrcn; more than half o f the total number was undcr six months old at thc time o f the cndoscopy, having hcnce bcen obscrvcd a significant association bctween this age group and the prcscncc o f abnormality in Lhe airway. The mostcommon indications forcndocopy wcrc stridor (52%), suspected forcign body (16%), atclcctasis (16%) and difficulty tracheal extubation (8
Palermo, Concetta Ilenia. "Ruolo delle infezioni erpetiche nelle affezioni respiratorie di pazienti critici sottoposti a ventilazione assistita". Thesis, Università degli Studi di Catania, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/166.
Texto completoThe pathologies of the lower respiratory tract are among the principle causes of morbidity and mortality, and their incidence is on the rise: the WHO estimates that in 2020 these pathologies will be the third cause of death world-wide. The etiology of these pathologies is various and microrganisms are certainly one of the principle causes. In pulmonary pathologies with viral etiology Paramyxoviridae and Orthomyxoviridae are often indicated; herpesviruses are rarely part of diagnostic investigation protocols as the understanding of the pathogenetic role of these viruses is poor and, thus, consolidated epidemiological studies are not available. The aim of this study was the evaluation of the often under estimated potential role of herpes viruses in the onset or inauspicious evolution of respiratory pathologies in critical patients. We analyzed 158 bronchoalveolar washes were analyzed from patients hospitalized with severe acute respiratory pathologies at the intensive care units of some hospitals in Catania, Sicily, Italy. For the retrospective study we used viral isolation methods and Real-Time PCR, respectively, for viral replication activity and the clinical significance expressed in terms of viral load, correlated with the days the patients were on assisted ventilation until the time of the analysis. In 57.6% (91/158) of the samples DNA was found of at least one, though often two or more, of the herpes viruses (HSV1, VZV, CMV, EBV, HHV7). In particular: 19% (30/158) were HSV1, 10.7% (17/158) CMV, 16% EBV (26/158) and 46% (68/158) HHV7; there was no positivity for VZV. Based on the data relative to the finding of viral nucleic acid and the duration of mechanical ventilation, a statistically significant association was found only for HSV1 DNA with assisted ventilation of more than 7 days (p<0.05). The increase of the viral load, in some cases, was directly proportional to the days on assisted ventilation reaching a value of 108 gEq/ml for HSV1, compared to 102-104 gEq/ml for CMV and EBV. In conclusion, the prevalence of herpes viruses, and above all the finding of HSV1, accompanied by a substantial viral load, would confirm the importance that these viruses could have in the onset of respiratory pathologies in immunocompromised subjects. Therefore, the introduction of tests for the detection of the above mentioned viruses in diagnostic protocols would favor early diagnosis and correct therapy that could reduce the rate of mortality in critical long-term patients affected by respiratory pathologies who need assisted ventilation.
Palanca, Arias Daniel. "Valor predictor del cociente saturación hemoglobina/fio2 en pacientes pediátricos con insuficiencia respiratoria aguda debida a neumonía tratados con ventilación no invasiva. Predictive value of the pulse oximetric saturation/fraction of inspired oxygen ratio in pediatric patients with acute respiratory failure due to pneumonia treated with non-invasive ventilation". Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Cantabria, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/276848.
Texto completoThe use of non-invasive ventilation (NIV) in patients with hypoxemic acute respiratory failure (ARF) due to pneumonia is discussed. The most frequent cause of ARF was pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) was the main cause of treatment failure. A good correlation between SF ratio (SpO2/FiO2) and PF ratio (paO2/FiO2) was recently confirmed. We aimed to evaluate if the SF ratio is a reliable predictive factor for NIV failure in pediatric patients with moderate hypoxemic ARF due to pneumonia and could classify ARDS according to the recent Berlin definition (mild, moderate and severe) to identify high-risk children. Our NIV success rate was 77%. SF ratio and heart rate at two hours were found to be independent predictors of NIV failure. The diagnosis of ARDS based on the SF ratio was not identified as an independent NIV outcome predictor. However, it may be useful in classifying high-risk children.
Gómez, Yepes Milena Elizabeth. "Evaluación de la incidencia de patologías respiratorias por exposición al polvo de madera de los carpinteros del Quindío (Colombia)". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/6855.
Texto completoLa diferencia entre las fibras de coníferas y no-coníferas no siempre es fácil. Las fibras de las coníferas son largas, desgarradas y encintadas. La mayoría de las fibras de no-coníferas son de paredes gruesas y cortas. Estas características morfológicas de las fibras de las coníferas hace presumible que estas puedan asirse fuertemente a los tejidos blandos de la nariz y los pulmones que las fibras de no-coníferas, aunque los efectos sean mas letales en estas últimas, sin embargo la aparición del cáncer nasal y pulmón es más tardía, que los problemas respiratorios e irritaciones provocadas por las fibras de las coníferas. Un hecho igualmente grave en el acabado de madera es la presencia de elementos químicos derivados de la pintura y barnices, como Ca, K, Na y Cr, considerado éste último como cancerígeno.
Una de las principales actividades económicas del departamento del Quindío (eje cafetero colombiano) es el sector maderero desde el cultivo de árboles hasta su transformación en muebles, ventas de productos terminados y de subproductos. Se realizó un muestreo por conveniencia a 10 carpinterías más representativas del Quindío y se encuestaron el 100% de los trabajadores de las áreas de lijado, cepillado, inmunizado y pinturas (trabajadores con mayor riesgo de adquirir enfermedades respiratorias crónicas). Se detectó el uso de maderas duras y blandas y la utilización para el acabado de la madera noble, de plaguicidas, solventes orgánicos volátiles, resinas epóxicas sintéticas, pegamentos y pinturas. La concentración de material particulado estaba por encima del TLV indicado para el polvo de madera (15 veces más). El análisis de morbi-mortalidad laboral concluyó que el riesgo relativo era del 81%, lo que evidencia que la exposición continua al polvo de madera incide en la aparición de patologías respiratorias y por ende al absentismo laboral.
Considerando importante la protección respiratoria del carpintero, se realizaron pruebas experimentales para verificar la eficacia en la retención de las partículas del polvo de madera de los tejidos de las mascarillas desechables de uso común y otros tipos de tejido (tafetán y Jacquard). Se construyó un microambiente laboral y se sometieron los diferentes tipos de tejidos a una simulación de condiciones normales y extremas de exposición al polvo de madera. Los resultados nos revelaron que en condiciones extremas, las típicas mascarillas desechables de uso común, pierden su efecto protector al cabo de un par de horas de exposición, a pesar de tener hasta 3 capas. En condiciones normales o de baja producción de polvo, tanto los tejidos estudiados como las mascarillas desechables, logran su efecto protector. El tejido tipo tafetán ha sido el que mayor eficacia de retención de partículas ha presentado frente a las pruebas de exposición normal y extrema. Además, ha resultado ser el más eficaz para retener partículas < 20 micrometros. Estos resultados coinciden con la simulación de Monte Carlo de retención de partículas.
González, Díaz Gumersindo José. "Papel de la ventilación no invasiva en el enfermo crítico". Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Murcia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/327034.
Texto completoEn esta Tesis Doctoral realizada por compendio se presentan 3 trabajos originales sobre la utilización de la ventilación no invasiva en diferentes etiologías del fracaso respiratorio. En el primer trabajo, realizamos un ensayo controlado aleatorizado comparando ventilación no invasiva frente a oxigenoterapia convencional para prevenir la insuficiencia respiratoria aguda postextubación en pacientes de alto riesgo para desarrollarla después de la extubación. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la eficacia de esta estrategia y demostrar que la ventilación no invasiva durante el período inicial después de la extubación puede evitar el fracaso respiratorio y mejorar la supervivencia en pacientes con enfermedades respiratorias crónicas que, presentan hipercapnia durante una prueba de respiración espontánea antes de la extubación. Si no aparecían signos de fracaso después de 30-120 minutos y los gases arteriales al final de la prueba en T presentaban una PaCO2 mayor de 45 mm de Hg, se realizaba la asignación aleatoria de cada paciente a grupo de VNI o a tratamiento convencional (control). Los pacientes del grupo intervención tratados con ventilación no invasiva mostraron una reducción de la mortalidad a los 90 días post aleatorización. En el segundo trabajo analizamos la efectividad de la ventilación no invasiva en el tratamiento de la neumonía adquirida en la comunidad grave Los pacientes con neumonía adquirida en la comunidad con insuficiencia respiratoria grave pueden ser tratado mediante ventilación no invasiva (VNI) para intentar evitar la progresión de la disfunción respiratoria y la intubación endotraqueal. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar las características clínicas de estos pacientes, la efectividad del soporte no invasivo, y los factores determinantes para predecir el fracaso de la técnica y la mortalidad. Estudio prospectivo observacional de todos los pacientes con insuficiencia respiratoria aguda debido a neumonía adquirida en la comunidad grave tratados con VNI ingresados en UCI desde enero de 1997 a diciembre de 2008. La ventilación no invasiva se aplicó con ventiladores específicos no invasivos. Los pacientes fueron ventilados mediante modo con doble nivel de presión positiva (BiPAP). Se utilizó la mascarilla facial como primera opción. La presión positiva inspiratoria (IPAP) utilizada de inicio se fijó en 12 cm H2O, elevándose en 2-3 cm de H2O según la respuesta del paciente, sin exceder de 25 cm de H2O. La presión positiva espiratoria (EPAP) inicial se fijó en 5 cm de H2O y los niveles fueron elevándose en 1-2 cm H2O, en caso necesario para mejorar la hipoxemia. Se estableció la FiO2 mínima para lograr una SpO2 de al menos 92% o una PaO2 de 65 mm Hg. La efectividad del soporte ventilatorio fue elevado, con un éxito del 63%, una tasa de complicaciones elevadas pero en general poco graves. Los pacientes con neumonía e insuficiencia respiratoria de “novo” presentaron mayor tasa de fracaso que los que tenían insuficiencia respiratoria crónica agudizada por la neumonía. En el tercer trabajo estudiamos a los pacientes con síndrome de hipoventilación asociada a obesidad (SHO) comparándolos con pacientes afectos de enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC) , tratadas ambas patologías con un protocolo similar de ventilación no invasiva. El objetivo del estudio fue comparar la efectividad de la VNI, en los dos grupos de pacientes con insuficiencia respiratoria crónica agudizada, debido a una exacerbación severa de su enfermedad. La insuficiencia respiratoria era definida por la presencia de pH < 7.35 y PaCO2 > 45 mm Hg, en una gasometría arterial realizada tras el tratamiento inicial. Los pacientes con hipoventilación tuvieron una menor tasa de fracaso pese a presentar similar gravedad que los pacientes EPOC; de igual forma, la mortalidad hospitalaria y al año fue menor en los pacientes con hipoventilación obesidad.
In this doctoral thesis by compendium, three original papers on the use of noninvasive ventilation in different etiologies of respiratory failure are presented. In the first study, we performed a randomized controlled trial comparing noninvasive ventilation versus conventional oxygen therapy to prevent post-extubation acute respiratory failure in patients at high risk to develop after extubation. Non-invasive ventilation can prevent respiratory failure after extubation in individuals at increased risk of this complication, and enhanced survival in patients with hypercapnia has been recorded The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of this strategy and to demonstrate that early use of noninvasive ventilation during the initial period after extubation can prevent respiratory failure and improve survival in patients with chronic respiratory diseases, have hypercapnia during a spontaneous breathing trial before extubation. If no signs of failure appeared after 30-120 minutes and arterial blood gases at the end of the test in T had higher PaCO2 of 45 mm Hg, it started with random assignment. Patients were randomized to NIV group or conventional treatment (control). Patients in the intervention group treated with noninvasive ventilation showed a reduction in mortality at 90 days post-randomization. In the second paper we analyze the effectiveness of non-invasive ventilation in the treatment of pneumonia acquired in the community. Patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia with severe respiratory failure can be treated by non-invasive ventilation (NIV) to try to prevent progression respiratory dysfunction and endotracheal intubation. The aim of this study is to analyze the clinical characteristics of these patients, the effectiveness of noninvasive support, and determinants for predicting technique failure and mortality factors. Prospective study of all patients with acute respiratory failure due to severe community acquired pneumonia treated with NIV admitted to the ICU from January 1997 to December 2008. Noninvasive ventilation was applied to specific non-invasive ventilators. Patients were ventilated by double level of positive pressure (BiPAP). The face mask was used as a first option. The positive inspiratory pressure (IPAP) used at start was set at 12 cm H2O, rising by 2-3 cm H2O according to the patient's response, not to exceed 25 cm H2O. Initial positive expiratory pressure (EPAP) was set at 5 cm H2O and levels were rising 1-2 cm H2O, if necessary to improve hypoxemia. FiO2 is set low to achieve a SpO2 of at least 92% or a PaO2 of 65 mm Hg. The effectiveness of the ventilatory support was high, with a success rate of 63%, high rates of complications but overall no severe. Patients with pneumonia and respiratory failure de "novo" had a higher failure rate than those with chronic respiratory failure worsened by pneumonia. In the third paper we study patients with associated obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS) compared with patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), both disorders treated with a similar protocol of noninvasive ventilation. Although noninvasive ventilation is widely used in episodes of acute hypercapnic respiratory failure in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), there is no evidence on the efficacy of noninvasive ventilation during similar episodes in obesity hypoventilation síndrome. The aim of the study was to compare the effectiveness of NIV in both groups of patients with exacerbated chronic respiratory failure due to severe exacerbation of their disease. Respiratory failure was defined by the presence of pH <7.35 and PaCO2> 45 mm Hg, in a arterial blood gas analysis performed after initial treatment. Hypoventilation patients had a lower rate of failure while showing comparable severity COPD patients. Similarly, the hospital mortality and after a year was lower in patients with obesity hypoventilation.
Garrastazu, López Roberto. "Factores predictivos de morbimortalidad al año en pacientes con EPOC". Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Cantabria, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/299197.
Texto completoDespite the importance of exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD), we know relatively little about their determinants. OBJECTIVES To analyze whether there is or not a ‘Frequent-Exacerbation’(FE) phenotype of COPD and to discover exacerbation predictors.To estimate the predictive accuracy of an own index of severity. METHODS Retrospective population-based cohort study. 900 patients with confirmed COPD ≥ 35 years, were selected in Cantabria at 31 December 2011. We defined ‘FE’ and ‘Infrequent Exacerbator’(IE) phenotype in 2012. Frequency of severe exacerbations, and overall mortality were also treated as dependent variables. RESULTS-CONCLUSIONS The main predictor of ‘FE’ was a history of frequent exacerbations the previous year, and it supports a ‘FE’ phenotype of COPD. Our composite score obtained a high predictive accuracy of being ‘FE’, COPD hospitalization and overall mortality next year. Adding comorbidities increased this predictive accuracy. Influenza vaccination diminished the risk of hospitalization by exacerbation the following year.
Mota, Casals Susana. "Limitació del flux aeri durant l’exercici en atletes i en pacients amb MPOC greu. Relacions amb la hiperinflació dinàmica, la funció dels músculs respiratoris i variables clíniques". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/51429.
Texto completoThe expiratory flow limitation (EFL) determines the existence of a peak flow for each lung volume and ventilatory capacity limits. The EFL slow down the emptying lung, favoring an increase in teleexpiratory volume (End-Expiratory Lung Volume - EELV) and Dynamic Hyperinflation (HD). The HD allows a higher peak flow, but EFL and HD have negative effects on ventilatory capacity: inspiratory muscle overload and disfunction, increased respiratory elastic work and contributing to dyspnea perception. The classical determination of the EFL by superimposition of spontaneous flow-volume curve with the maximum tends to overestimate it. The validation in 1994 of the application of negative expiratory pressure (Negative Expiratory Pressure, NEP) to detect EFL, a simple technique applicable during exercise, allows us to revise and expand knowledge. Objectives: To study the EFL development and changes in lung volumes and the relationships of both during exercise in athletes and severe COPD patients. In the second scenario, to assess the potential role of dysfunction of the respiratory muscles in the behavior of EFL-HD and their relations with main clinical variables: dyspnea and quality of life related to health (QOL). Population, material and methods: The work includes two substudy A) athletes and B) COPD patients. A) Ten men, racing cyclists, were enroled; they performed spirometry (pre and postexercise), measure of maximum respiratory pressures and maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV) and maximum incremental cycloergometry with measures of EFL (NEP-10cm H2O) and EELV (inspiratory capacity, IC). B) included 25 men with COPD stage 3-4; lung function (spirometry, MVV, plethysmography and diffusion), exercise capacity (incremental cycloergometry and 6-minutewalking test), submàximal cycloergometries with NEP (-3) and EELV ( CI) measures, respiratory muscle function (strength: maximum ins-and expiratory pressures; endurance: maximum load threshold ins-and expiratory time and incremental test tolerance of 80% of these charges), dyspnea measure (MRC scale) and QOL assessement (St. George Respiratory Questionnaire, SGRQ) were performed. Results: A) peak oxygen consumption was 72 (67-82) ml.kg-1.min-1 and Ventilation 147 (122-180) L.min-1 (88% VVM). Middle-expiratory flows and FEV1 were significantly increased after exercise, only the older rider (33) presented EFL (26% of tidal volume) and only at peak exercise, the group EELV descended during light-moderate exercise in 13 (5-33)% FVC (p <0.05), increasing later (at peak exercise was similar to pre-exercise value). B) Patients (mean FEV1 = 31% v.ref.) showed a moderate reduction of respiratory muscles strength and endurance; 19 showed EFL at rest and 24 at 70% of the maximum load (Wmax); those patients with EFL showed less resting (MRC scale) and at maximal exercise (Borg) dyspnea, and best score on the SGRQ impact domain; the EELV increased from rest to 70% Wmax (9% FVC ref), at 70% Wmax correlated inversely with the percentage of tidal EFL, with respiratory muscle endurance and exercise capacity and positively with effort dyspnea and SGRQ score; those 6 patients who showed not EFL increase during exercise had lower expiratory muscle endurance; multivariate analysis selectioned FEV1, expiratory muscle endurance and EFL as independent predictors of 70% Wmax EELV. Conclusions: EFL is rare and does not explain the HD near the maximum, which returns to the level of resting EELV in progressive exercise in young men, trained cyclists. Men with advanced COPD often have EFL at rest, exercise often increase it, despite the great variability. Submaximal exercise usually produces HD, but not always. The inverse relationship EFL% - EELV could indicate that the use of the volume and expiratory flow reserves are alternative and complementary mechanisms to increase ventilation, depending the volume increase of the degree of obstruction, expiratory muscle endurance and % EFL. The frequent expiratory muscle dysfunction may favor the development of HD and less EFL, a more clinically unfavorable ventilatory strategy associated with more dyspnea, lower exercise capacity and worse QOL.
Arcentales, Viteri Andrés Ricardo. "Análisis de la interacción cardíaca y respiratoria en pacientes con cardiomiopatía y pacientes en proceso de extubación". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/321110.
Texto completoEl estudio y la evaluación de pacientes con problemas cardíacos relacionados con cardiomiopatía isquémica o dilatada son de gran interés para la práctica clínica. Igualmente, el análisis del comportamiento del sistema respiratorio de pacientes en proceso de extubación continúa siendo tema de investigación, y un reto en la práctica clínica. En ambos casos, el estudio de los sistemas cardíaco y respiratorio, y de su interacción cardiorespiratoria pueden contribuir a definir nuevos procesos clínicos, y a un mayor conocimiento de las patologías estudiadas. Pacientes con fallo cardíaco crónico (CHF) a menudo presentan aumentos y disminuciones periódicas en el volumen de tidal. Para el estudio de estos pacientes se propone el análisis de la interacción cardiorespiratoria, a través de la caracterización en el dominio temporal y frecuencial de las señales de flujo (FLW) y volumen (VOL) respiratorio, la señal ECG y la señal de presión sanguínea (BP). Se analizaron 50 pacientes diagnosticados con cardiomiopatía dilatada (19 pacientes), y cardiomiopatía isquémica (31 pacientes). A partir de la envolvente de la señal FLW se calculó el índice de modulación (M) asociado con el comportamiento periódico de la respiración. Para el estudio fueron considerados 35 segmentos de señal no modulada (GN, M<10%), y 12 segmentos muy modulados (GH, M>75%). Las principales diferencias se encontraron al analizar los parámetros relacionados con el volumen pulmonar al final de la espiración, los valores espectrales de las pendientes de subida y de bajada del complejo QRS, y la variabilidad del ritmo cardíaco (HRV). El análisis de la magnitud de la coherencia al cuadrado (MSC) entre las series extraídas y la envolvente de la señal FLW presentó las principales diferencias en la banda de muy baja frecuencia (VLF), con valores más elevados en los pacientes del grupo GH. Teniendo en cuenta los parámetros temporales y espectrales de las series extraídas de las señales cardiovascular y respiratoria se realizó una clasificación de los pacientes CHF aplicando el método no supervisado K-means. Al analizar las señales de presión sanguínea se observa una marcada correlación entre los clusters formados por el clasificador y los parámetros de volumen de sangre en los ventrículos. El destete es el proceso de transferencia del trabajo respiratorio desde el ventilador mecánico al paciente. Se propone evaluar las componentes espectrales de la HRV, de la señal FLW, y de su coherencia espectral para la identificación de pacientes exitosos (GE) en el test de respiración espontánea, pacientes que fracasan (GF) en el proceso de destete, y pacientes que habiendo superado la prueba inicial de respiración espontánea, antes de 48 h tuvieron que ser reintubados y reconectados al ventilador mecánico (GR). Para este estudio se analizaron las señales ECG y FLW de 121 pacientes asistidos mediante ventilación mecánica y sometidos a la prueba de tubo en T para la extubación. La caracterización del comportamiento cardiorespiratorio se realizó aplicando un análisis de componentes principales (PCA) a los espectros de las señales. En particular, se estudió la magnitud de la coherencia al cuadrado (MSC) como medida espectral del acople entre las señales HRV y FLW. Los pacientes fueron clasificados aplicando la técnica fuzzy K vecinos más cercanos (fKNN). Los mejores índices de clasificación se obtuvieron al considerar la señal espectral de la MSC entre la HRV y FLW, obteniéndose clasificaciones superiores al 80%. El estudio espectral de los pacientes en proceso de extubación se complementó con un estudio no lineal basado en la técnica de recurrence plot (RP). Adicionalmente, al estudio individual de las series de HRV, los tiempos de inspiración (Ti), y los tiempos de duración del ciclo respiratorio (TTot), se realizó el análisis de su interacción aplicando el método de joint recurrence plot (JRP). Pacientes del grupo GE presentaron valores más elevados al compararlos con los otros grupos.
Castillo, Monzón Caridad Greta. "Evaluación del laringoscopio Macintosh versus Airtraq en la población obesa mórbida". Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Murcia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/288371.
Texto completoIntroduction Morbid obesity is associated with difficult handling of the airway. No agreement exists that these patients are difficult to intubate but if they are difficult to ventilate with facial mask, so it is a priority the fast control of their airway. This has motivated the search of predictors and handling techniques to try to reduce the risks in this population. The Airtraq® optic laryngoscope is a disposable device with anatomic blade that permits an intubation without alienation of the oral, pharyngeal and laryngeal axes, a larger field of vision, a short learning curve and it does not requires application of force to expose the glottis. This thesis was set to evaluate if the Airtraq® optic laryngoscope allows a faster handling of the air track that the Macintosh laryngoscope in the morbid obesity patient. It compares to the Macintosh laryngoscope for being this the standard laryngoscope for the airway handling. Objectives Compare the quickness of the tracheal intubation of the Macintosh laryngoscope versus the Airtraq® optic laryngoscope and the success of both in the morbid obesity population in programmed surgery. Compare the vision of the glottis with both laryngoscopes. Compare the hemodynamic answer in the use of both devices and the complications derived from its use. Materials and methods Prospective, observational, longitudinal and analytic study, realized in the Santa Lucia Universitary General Hospital, from Cartagena, Murcia. It included 46 morbid obesity patients, older than 18 years, ASA III, programmed for elective surgery, that were assigned in random patterns for being intubated with the Macintosh Laryngoscope (n=23) or the Airtraq® optical device (n=23), operated with the same anaesthetic technique and intubated for the researcher. It was compared: the time of the intubation, the laryngeal vision, the necessity of additional manoeuvres to realize the tracheal intubation, the success of the manoeuvres, the complications and the hemodynamic answer. Results The pre-operatory characteristics of the studied patients were similar in both groups. The average time of the intubation was 17,27 ± 16,1 seg and 22,11 ± 13,62 seg in the Airtraq® and Macintosh groups respectively (p 0,279). With the Airtraq® device the 95,65% of patients presented a glottic view 1 and 2a (p=0,006) and less optimizing manoeuvres were needed to realize the tracheal intubation (p=0,001). There were not presented any difficult intubation, failed intubation, or difficult ventilation cases. It was detected a raise in the cardiac frequency statistically significant with the use of the Macintosh laryngoscope. A patient with redundant epiglottis couldn’t be intubated with the Airtraq® optic laryngoscope. Conclusions In this study, both devices permitted a quick handling and security of the airway. The use of the Airtraq® laryngoscope permits a better glottic view and that reduces the additional manoeuvres to realize the tracheal intubation and detects a minor adrenergic stimulus proved by a minor rise in the posterior cardiac frequency to the tracheal intubation. The redundant epiglottis it is shown as a possible limiting factor for the success of the intubation with the Airtraq® optic laryngoscope.
Andújar, Espinosa Rubén. "Eficacia de un plan de autotratamiento en pacientes con EPOC en la reducción de exacerbaciones". Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Murcia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/309754.
Texto completoIntroduction and rationale: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is displaying an increased prevalence and increased morbidity and mortality, in addition to which it is estimated that it will be the third leading cause of death worldwide and the fifth in terms of years of life lost due to disability. COPD is associated with a major care burden, an economic, social and health care impact, a deterioration in the quality of life and disability. The current management model needs to be thoroughly revised to incorporate aspects such as health education, rehabilitation, encouragement of self-management and involvement of the patient in decision-taking. Self-management plans are geared to teaching skills to optimise disease control, care burden and quality of life. Self-management has been less studied in COPD than in other chronic diseases and the benefits in general practice are still unclear. Objective: To evaluate whether a multicomponent and multidisciplinary self-management programme in frail patients reduces the rate of severe exacerbations compared with usual care. Material and methods: Prospective, multicentre, controlled, randomised, single-blind study. Twelve-month follow-up. Patients over 50 years of age diagnosed with COPD with at least one hospital admission or emergency department visit due to exacerbation in the previous year were recruited. Patients with advanced cognitive and physical impairment, severe comorbidities and an inability to read texts were excluded. They were randomised to two groups: Intervention (IG), which was issued with a self-treatment plan consisting of a written plan of what to do in the event of symptoms of exacerbation and how to manage the treatment in the stable phase, instructed in the use of inhalers and given a group education session by expert staff; and Control (CG), which was handed a self-help manual for COPD and administered the usual clinical practice measures. Follow-up of the IG comprised four visits and that of the CG consisted of two visits. Demographic, spirometric and treatment variables were collected. The primary outcome variable was the rate of severe exacerbations and the secondary outcome variables were hospitalisations, emergency management, days of hospitalisation, consumption of drugs during exacerbations and mortality. Results: Of 250 patients recruited, 96 were randomised, with 45 being assigned to the CG and 51 patients to the IG. Thirty-eight in the CG and 47 in the IG completed the follow-up. The majority were men (78 cases (91.76%)) with a mean age of 67.6 ± 6.9 years. There were no significant differences in terms of baseline characteristics, nor in lung function, number of patients with exacerbations, emergency management for any reason, hospitalisations, days until hospital admission, hospital stays, quality of life or use of medication during exacerbations. There is a tendency to a reduction in the number of patients with emergency management due to exacerbation of COPD in IG: 4 cases (36.8%) in the CG vs 9 patients (19.1%) in the IG (p = 0.068). A significant reduction in the rate of severe exacerbations was observed in the IG: 1.37 (1.02 – 1.79) in the CG and 0.89 (0.64 – 1.21) in the IG (p = 0.049) with a rate ratio of 1.53 (1.01 – 2.29). There were no differences in mortality, two cases (5.4%) being observed in the CG and none in the IG (p = 0.191). Conclusions: The self-treatment plan (STP-COPD) in frail patients with COPD significantly reduced the rate of severe exacerbations in the year of its application. The STP could be applied in less than half the selected population, which suggests that only a subpopulation of frail patients with COPD can benefit from this type of intervention.
Martínez, Quintana María Elena. "Efectividad de la ventilación no invasiva en el manejo de la insuficiencia respiratoria aguda secundaria a neumonía grave adquirida en la comunidad". Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Murcia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/322807.
Texto completoLa VNI es efectiva para prevenir la intubación endotraqueal del paciente con NACG, con una tasa de complicaciones aunque frecuentes, no muy graves. Es importante conocer los factores predictores tanto de fracaso como de mortalidad, para aquilatar mejor la indicación de la técnica. El éxito de la VNI se asoció fuertemente con la supervivencia. Summary: Introduction: Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) in the management of acute respiratory failure (ARF) due to severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is controversial, and predictors of NIV failure and hospital mortality in these patients are not well known. Objectives: The main objective of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of NIV in the treatment of severe CAP to avoid intubation on intensive care unit (ICU) mortality. Secondary objectives are to analyze the complications associated with NIV as well as predictors of outcome and hospital mortality. Methods: We prospectively assessed all patients with severe CAP admitted consecutively receiving NIV treatment in our ICU. We defined successful NIV as avoidance of intubation and intensive care unit survival at least 24 hours in the ward. Sociodemographic, clinical and outcome variables were collected. Statistical analysis was performed using comparisons between variables and predictors of NIV failure and hospital mortality in multivariate analysis. Results: We analyzed 286 patients with severe CAP treated with NIV, age 65.3 ± 17.2 years, and 188 (65.7%) males. The severity of the patients analyzed by SAPS II score was 44.5 ± 15.2. The percentage of patients with shock was 29.4%, and with do not intubate order 16.8%. The sequential organ failure assessment score (SOFA) was 8 ± 4. Distribution of patients was 181 patients (63.3%) with "de novo" ARF and 106 (36.7%) with previous cardiac or respiratory disease. Of the total number of patients, 89 (31.1%) had bilateral involvement and 19 complicated pleural effusion or empyema (6.6%). The mean value of the respiratory rate and PaO2/FiO2 on admission was 34.8 ± 5.9 and 134.3 ± 35.7, respectively. One hundred and eight patients (37.8%) had complications related to NIV, the most common were skin lesions (88 patients, 30.8%). NIV failure was in 120 patients (42%), being more frequently in "de novo" ARF (50.8%) than in patients with previous cardiac or respiratory disease (26.7%) [p < 0,001]. Worsening radiologic infiltrate 24-48 hours after admission (OR: 13.09, 95%-CI: 4.80-35.73), empyema (OR: 11.29, 95%-CI: 2.12-60.26), respiratory rate after 1 hour (OR: 1.20, 95%-CI: 1.09-1.33), maximum SOFA score (OR: 1.60; 95%-CI: 1.35-1.89), PaO2/FiO2 baseline (OR: 1.02; 95%-CI: 1.00-1.03) and PaO2/FiO2 after 1 hour (OR: 0,97, IC-95%: 0,95-0,98) independently predicted NIV failure. Likewise, maximum SOFA (OR: 1.33; 95%-CI: 1,51-1,18), presence of do not intubate order (OR: 5.71; 95%-CI: 1.76-18.50), age (OR: 1.06; 95%-CI: 1.09-1.02), worsening radiologic infiltrate 24-48 hours after admission (OR: 3.77, 95%-CI: 1.17-12.21), origin of ward (OR: 0.29; 95%-CI: 0.12-0.71) and NIV failure (OR: 0.059, 95%-CI: 0.02-0.24) independently predicted hospital mortality in patients with severe CAP. Conclusions: NIV is effective in preventing intubation of patients with severe CAP, with not very serious complications rate. It is important to know the predictors of failure and mortality, to better appraise the indication of the technique. Successful NIV was strongly associated with better survival.
Martin, Bragado Maria Victoria. "Evolución de las sibilancias en los diez primeros años de vida". Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Murcia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/373195.
Texto completoAsthma is a chronic disease that affects about 334 million people of all ages worldwide. It represents a substantial burden that often provokes a decrease in quality of life. The EISL study (Estudio Internacional de Sibilancias en Lactantes) proved the hypothesis of different prevalence and severity of childhood asthma through countries and showed modifiable risk factors that could have a substantial impact on the decrease in the prevalence of the disease worldwide. The current survey is nothing but the updating and assessment of the population of children from Cartagena presented in that study today, when they are ten years old. Aims: 1) Determine the evolution of the prevalence of wheezing in the first ten years of life. 2) To determine the factors that may affect wheezing and continuity over time and assess the influence of factors already identified in other age ranges. 3) Obtain reference measurements to evoke future trends in treatment, prevalence and severity of this disease. Material and methods: The methodology followed the line of EISL study and therefore the one employed by ISAAC (The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood). The main instrument was a telephone questionnaire of wheezing in which epidemiological, therapeutic and ecological aspects are incorporated, adapted and focused on the twelve months preceding the survey. The study population was 867 children, behaving a total of 544 surveys, with a final study population of 478 children, after the application of cleaning criteria to the sample. To achieve the objectives of this study a descriptive analysis of the data was obtained in order to determine the evolution of the prevalence of wheezing in the first ten years of life. To determine the factors that may affect wheezing and assess the influence of factors already identified in other age ranges a case-control cross-sectional study was conducted. The variable "wheeze I-III" was created and an univariate and multivariate analisis were performed. Therefore it is a cross-sectional survey searching for statistically significant association between risk factors and protective factors already demonstrated in this population after ten years. Another variable called "Mediterranean diet" was used to analyze its potential influence as a protective factor of wheezing in the studied population. Results and conclusions: The prevalence of wheezing in the first ten years of life has been decreasing in the Cartagena’s population studied, from 38.5% in the first 12 months of life to 13.2% at 9 years. Five variables, four risk factors and one protective factor, showed significant association in the univariate analysis: have at least one cold during the first three months of life, mother smoked during pregnancy, family history of asthma, presence of infant eczema in the first twelve months and the Mediterranean diet (protective factor). The knowledge of the factors affecting wheezing can help in the develop of early intervention strategies using predictive models for the risk of childhood asthma that could alter the course of disease, developing measures of primary and secondary prevention guided to the particular individual.
Usuga, Perilla Sandra. "Prevalencia de síntomas sugestivos de rinitis alérgica en preescolares de 3 a 5 años de Cartagena, Lorca y Murcia". Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Murcia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/373196.
Texto completoAims To describe the prevalence and severity of symptoms of allergic rhinitis. To correlate symptoms suggestive of atopic rhinitis and different factors described in the medical literature as aggravating or precipitating related. Methods A cross-sectional study in 3-5-year old children were performed in three different cities in Murcia (Spain), between Nov 2004 and Mar 2005. Their parents filled out the questionary, which was validated by means of the International Study on Asthma and Allergies in Childhood. Questions on the symptom prevalence of symptoms of allergic rhinitis and a wide range of factors postulated to be associated with this condition. Odds ratios were adjusted for the confounding effects. Results A total of 3000 questionnaires were distributed to all the students enrolled in the selected schools, and 1784 completed questionnaires were collected, with a response rate of 59.4%. Finally, 1694 questionnaires were used for further analysis. The prevalence global of rhinoconjunctivitis symptoms in the last 12 months was 8.6%. The prevalence in each city was: Cartagena 8.4% , Lorca 10.2% and Murcia 7.5%. Logistic regression showed that rhinoconjunctivitis was associated with child allergy test (positive result: OR 14.7, 95% CI: 4.96-43.80; negative result: OR 5.23, 95%IC: 1.93-14.14), mother’s allergy test (positive result OR 2.4 95%IC 1.30-4.48, negative result: OR: 0.2, 95%IC: 0.05-0.82), paracetamol use until 12 months of age (OR 2.6, 95%IC: 1.62-4.31), regular maternal exposure during pregnancy to farm animals (OR 2.1, IC95%: 1.004-4.45), not having cat in case it caused allergy (OR 8.1, 95%IC: 2.81-23.20) and frequent cooked vegetables consumption (OR 2.5 IC95%: 1.22-5.00). Conclusion After adjustment for confounding factors, child allergy testing, mother’s allergy testing, paracetamol use until 12 months of age, regular maternal exposure during pregnancy to farm animals, not having cat in case it caused allergy, and surprisingly, frequent cooked vegetables consumption, increased the risk of symptoms of allergic rhinitis among preschool children. The mother’s allergy test with a negative result, reduced the risk. Other potential factors such as sex, birthweight, prematurity, threatened abortion, infection during gestation, premature rupture of membranes, older siblings, maternal history of asthma, fastfood, salad and cereals intake, cats at home in the first year of life, maternal smoking and smoking households were not associated with symptoms of allergic rhinitis. Further exploration of factors associated with allergic rhinitis symptoms is needed.
Pelegrín, Hernández Juan Pablo. "Estudio clínico y aplicación diagnóstica y pronóstica de los biomarcadores proteómicos salivares en el cáncer epidermoide faringolaríngeo". Doctoral thesis, TDR (Tesis Doctorales en Red), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/348563.
Texto completoThe Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) is a malignant neoplastic disease that originates in the epithelium that covers the mucous one of the areodigestive route. Frequently, it is diagnosed in advanced stages of the disease, which provides a difficult forecast. Nowadays, it turns out paradoxical that, with the available means, we do not have effective programs for the early detection of this type of tumours. Within this Thesis we propose, as a general aim, to analyse the diagnosis and prognosis capacity of the salivary probes ABPP (Activity Based Protein Profile) for the identification of enzymes Serine Hydrolases (SH), which, for his known relation with the cellular proliferation and tumorigenesis, can be used as Proteomics Biomarkers in pharyngolaryngeal cancer. As specific objectives, we propose the description of the classical clinicopathological factors and estimation of the Overall Survival (OS) and Disease Free Survival (DFS) of patients surgically treated in our hospital. To achieve these objectives, previously defined, observational, longitudinal, ambispective study with analytical components of all patients diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma pharyngolaryngeal who met criteria for inclusion and exclusion study, was designed during the period from January 2008 to December 2012. Salivary samples were collected by professionals in the Department of Otolaryngology and they were processed at the Molecular Therapy Laboratory. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS©15.0 software; it consisted of two different parts: a descriptive and an inferential (“chi square” test for qualitative variables, and Student´s T for quantitative variables."Kaplan-Meier" estimator and "Mantel-Cox" (log rank) proof were used for the univariate analysis of SG and the "Cox Regression method" were used for multivariate. The validity of the salivary ABPP probes as diagnostic test, using ROC curves, sensitivity and specificity were analysed. A total of 112 patients were included in the study, within an average age of 62.52 years (38-87). Most of them were male (97.3%), with a male / female ratio of 36-1 and they were at diagnosis in advanced stages of the disease (58.9%). Laryngeal site was the most frequently affected (87.5%). Endoscopic CO2 laser surgery was the most common surgical method in initial tumours (T1), and total laryngectomy (TL) in advanced tumours (80.4%). The reports of salivary ABPP probes, established by the hierarchical analysis by the WARD´s method, were significantly associated with traditional prognostic factors and they showed differences in the estimation of the SG (p = 0.044). SG estimation for the series was 47.40 months and 55.22 months for DFS. The parameters that showed greater statistical power in multivariate survival analysis were the presence of lymph node metastases (Exp (b):5,14), the association of comorbidities (2,37), the proteomic profile of ABPP probes (3,33) and tumour stage (5,07). The combined analysis of the bands 33, 62-65 and 80 had a sensitivity of 83.1, specificity of 63.5 and an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.80; within statistically significant differences between proteomic profile of the bands 33 and 80, for the control and patients in early stages of the disease (p = 0.001). It can be concluded that labeling of ABPP saliva probes has, on the one hand, potential for the development of screening programs to assist the diagnosis in the early stages of the disease in high-risk patients, and on the other hand, it has the potential to predict the evolution and monitoring in patients with HNSCC, which can be complemented by known classic forecast factors.
CASSIA, SEBASTIANO. "ASPETTI IMMUNOLOGICI DELLA BRONCOPNEUMOPATIA CRONICA OSTRUTTIVA E CORRELAZIONI CON IL FENOTIPO CLINICO DI MALATTIA". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Genova, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11567/1008181.
Texto completoPuig, i. Cotado Ferranda. "Effects of mechanical stimuli of vibration and stretch on airway epithelial cells". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/1133.
Texto completoEn aquesta tesi s'ha estudiat el paper de diferents estímuls mecànics en dues condicions patològiques. En un cas s'ha estudiat com la vibració pot induir una resposta inflamatòria en cèl·lules epitelials bronquials a través de la sobreexpressió de la citoquina IL-8. Més concretament, s'ha dissenyat un novedós model experimental que ens permet tastejar si l'aplicació d'un estímul mecànic vibratori amb una freqüència i amplitud similars a les sofertes pels teixits de la via aèria superior quan es ronca és capaç d'induir una desposta inflamatòria a nivell cel·lular. L'estudi s'ha focalitzat en avaluar si la vibració dispara una resposta inflamatòria caracteritzada per la sobreexpressió d'interluquina 8 (IL-8) a través de les vies de senyalització de la proteïna kinasa activada per mitògen (MAPK), tal com suggereix quan les cèl·lules estan subjectes a una deformació del substrat. L'altre estudi s'ha centrat en estudiar com un estímul mecànic de deformació o estirament juntament amb un mediador inflamatori, en aquest cas la trombina, poden alterar les propietats mecàniques de les cèl·lules epitelials i contribuir al trencament de la barrera alveolocapil·lar agreujant la formació d'edema pulmonar
Llamas, Fernández Noemí. "Efectividad de la ventilación mecánica no invasiva en el tratamiento del síndrome de distrés respiratorio del adulto". Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Murcia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/309757.
Texto completoThe use of non invasive mechanical ventilation (NIMV) in the treatment of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease sharpness and acute lung cardiogenic edema, is widely accepted. Its utility in the treatment of the acute hypoxemic respiratory failure and, above all, in more severe forms, as in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) , is controversial. Objectives. The main objectives of this study were to know the effectiveness of the adapted in the treatment of patients with ARDS, security through the analysis of complications, as well as establishing the factors and risks associated with the outcome of the adapted with splitting hospital, in this group of patients. Material and methods. Observational study, prospective, study carried out in intensive care unit of the University General hospital JM Morales Meseguer of Murcia, between June 1997 and December 2012. Included patients who consecutively presented criteria for ARDS, according to the definition in force in each period, and that required adapted. Held collection of sociodemographic, clinical data, analytical and evolutionary. Success of the adapted was defined when the endotracheal intubation was avoided and the patient was alive discharged from the ICU, staying in plant and adapted without at least 24 hours. Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation, absolute and relative frequencies. Comparisons between variables using Pearson Chi2 and Student's T test. Multivariate analyses using logistic regression. It has been used the SPSS program version 22.0 for Windows. Results. We have analyzed 421 episodes of ARDS treated with NIMV. The mean age was 58.3 ± 20.2 years and 59.5% were men. The most frequent cause of ARDS was infectious pathology. Gravity as measured by the SAPS II index was 48 ± 15.5. The most widely used fan was the BiPAP Vision, using BiPAP mode in 388 patients. The IPAP and EPAP levels at the beginning of therapy were 15 ± 1.4 and 7.5 ± 0.9, respectively. At the beginning of the therapy, the value of respiratory rate and the PaO2/FiO2 was 35.8 ± 5.6 and 130.1 ± 34.6 respectively; after an hour of NIMV was 33.5 ± 4.9 and 149 ± 37, (p 0.001). The value of the index during the period of adapted SOFA was 11.1 ± 5. 187 patients (44.4) presented complications related to the adapted, being the most frequent skin lesion (150; 35.6%). The success of NIV and in-hospital mortality were 26.8% and 51.3%. By multivariate analysis, predictive success of adapted factors were age (OR 0.978, 95% CI 0.961-0.995), SAPS II (OR 0.969, 95% CI 0.94-0.995), SOFA Max during adapted (OR 0.821, 95%CI 0.736-0.917), level of basal bicarbonate (OR 1.160, IC-95% 1.082-1.243), relationship PaO2/FiO2 and rate of breathing, after an hour of therapy initiated (OR 1.042, 95%CI 1.028-1.056 and OR 0.795, IC-95%, 0.735-0.861). Predictive factors of mortality were the order of not intubation (OR 6.57, 95% CI 2.293-18.826), index score total maximum SOFA (OR 1.436, CI-95% 1.31-1.575), presence of cancer (OR 3.91, CI-95% 1.778-8.595), the age (OR 1.031, CI-95% 1.014-1.049), and the success of the NIMV (OR 0.122, CI-95% 0.041-0.359), Conclusions. The use of the NIMV in the treatment of ARF due to ARDS has a very high failure rate, but with few serious complications. Factors related to the failure of the technique are usually related to variables that measure the severity of respiratory and systemic process.
Michelotto, Junior Pedro Vicente. "Determinação do estado do aparelho respiratorio em potros PSI de corrida antes do inicio dos treinamentos atraves do exame clinico, endoscopia e citologia da secreção traqueo-bronquial". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/29405.
Texto completoCarrillo, Alcaraz Andrés. "Alteración neurológica grave en el paciente con insuficiencia respiratoria aguda : tratamiento mediante ventilación mecánica no invasiva". Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Murcia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/310218.
Texto completoThe main objective is to establish the prevalence of hypercapnic coma patients admitted to the ICU with acute respiratory failure (ARF) and receive noninvasive ventilation (NIV) and determine the effectiveness of NIV in these patients. Secondary objectives was NIV related complications, and determinate the predictive factors for success or failure of NIV, and factors related hospital mortality. Material and Methods: Prospective study of all patients who were admitted consecutively to the ICU with a diagnosis of ARF and required NIV, for 13 years. Two groups of patients were distinguished: Group of hypercapnic coma when patients had a score on the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) of ≤ 8 points with arterial pH <7.20 and PaCO2> 80 mmHg, and those with a score on the ECG > 8. Sociodemographic, clinical, laboratory and evolutionary variables are collected. Success of NIV is defined when the patient avoided endotracheal intubation and was discharged alive from the ICU, remaining live on ward without VNI at least 24 hours. Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation, absolute and relative frequencies. Comparisons between variables by Pearson Chi2 test and Student T.test Multivariate logistic regression analysis. We used SPSS version 22.0 for Windows. Results. We analyzed 3,062 episodes of ARF treated with NIV, corresponding to 3,902 ICU admissions in 3,842 patients. The most common condition was acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema (1,088 patients, 27.5%), followed 666 patients with COPD (16.8%) and 525 (13.3%) pneumonia. The mean age was 69.6 ± 14.5 years and 59.1% were men. Ventilator was more used BiPAP Vision (3,493 patients, 88.2%). At the start of NIV, 256 had hypercapnic comma (prevalence 6.5%), of which the most frequent disease was COPD (113 patients) followed by morbid obesity and alveolar hypoventilation (30 patients). Arterial pH in this group was of 7.10 ± 0.08 while in the group with > 8 points in the GCS was 7.31 ± 0.10 (p <0.001) and PaCO2 level of 105 ± 22 and 55 ± 22, respectively (p <0.001). Neither the number of patients with complications, 90 (35.2%) and 1,219 (32.9%) [p = 0.456], or any of the separately complications differed between the two groups. The success of NIV was 78.1% in group coma and 70.2% in group ECG > 8 (p = 0.007). Hospital mortality did not differ in both groups, 25.5% and 28.6%, respectively (p = 0.296).In the group of patients in coma independent predictors for success of NIV: GCS level 1 hour NIV (OR 1.593; 95% CI: 1.323 to 1.918), SOFA maximum level (OR: 0.683; CI -95%: .592-.789), respiratory rate 1 hour NIV (OR: 0.895, 95% CI: 0.821 to .975) and PaCO2 1 hour NIV (OR: 0.979, 95% CI: 0.960 to 0.998). The independent risk factors for hospital mortality were: P Do not intubated order (OR: 5.368; 95% CI: 2.068 to 13.930) Maximum level SOFA (OR: 1.532; 95% CI: 1.306 to 1.797), respiratory rate when VNI (OR: 1,118 ; 95% CI: 1.018 to 1.227) and success of NIV (OR: 0.217; 95% CI: 0.076 to 0.619). Conclusions. The neurological disorder in the IRA is common in patients admitted to the ICU, it can be successfully treated with NIV and some serious complications. Knowing the risk factors for success of NIV would be useful for a better selection of patients for this ventilatory technique.
Cantero, Recasens Gerard 1984. "Cellular Ca2+ homeostasis in the pathophysiology of chronic respiratory diseases". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/104537.
Texto completoEl Calci és un segon missatger intracel·lular en tots els tipus cel·lulars i la cascada de senyalització generada pel calci és una via de senyalització cel·lular clau per moltes funcions sistèmiques. En els pulmons, la majoria d’estímuls activadors produeixen un increment del calci intracel·lular, el qual és indispensable pel funcionament correcte de les vies respiratòries; i, per tant, una desregulació d’aquesta via de senyalització porta a diferents situacions patològiques. Aquesta Tesi té com a objectiu entendre la relació entre l’homeòstasi del calci intracel·lular i les malalties respiratòries cròniques, com per exemple, l’asma. Hem estudiat tres processos diferents implicats en l’homeòstasi del calci i el seu rol en la fisiopatologia de l’asma: 1) Hem demostrat que hi ha una associació genètica entre un defecte en l’entrada de calci via TRPV1 i un dels trets característics de l’asma, la tos; 2) també hem trobat que l’ORMDL3, que havia estat associat amb l’asma, és un modulador de l’homeòstasi del calci i de la UPR; i 3) hem aportat un nou mecanisme de classificació en el Golgi depenent de Ca++ per a proteïnes que uneixen calci i que seran secretades.
Soler, Barnés Juan Alfonso. "Ventilación mecánica no invasiva en el paciente con orden de no intubación". Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Murcia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/292489.
Texto completoINTRODUCTION: Non Invasive Ventilation (NIV) can be considered as first-line respiratory support for most causes of acute respiratory failure (ARF). However, it remains controversial in patients with ‘‘do-not-intubate’’ (DNI) order. METHODS: Prospective and observational study conducted in 10 years in a intensive care unit (ICU). Sample was divided into 2 groups: DNI or Not DNI order for treating ARF. Clinical follow-up was for 1 year. RESULTS: 1834 patients were recruited: 482 with DNI order (26,3%). Immunosuppression (OR 3,9; p=0,001) and cancer (OR 1,6; p=0,041) were the main independent factors related to DNI order. DNI was the most important independent factor related to hospital mortality (OR 9,2; p=0,001). One year survival in DNI group was 30,4%. CONCLUSIONS: DNI order is a prevalent clinical phenomenon and a strong independent factor for hospital mortality in patients with ARF.
Rodríguez, Cortés Andrea Fernanda. "Estudio descriptivo de casos de gatos con afecciones respiratorias durante los años 2002-2009". Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2011. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/134149.
Texto completoSe realizó un estudio con la finalidad de describir los gatos con afecciones respiratorias. Para esto se revisó un total de 4.243 casos clínicos de gatos que llegaron a consulta en el período comprendido entre Enero de 2002 y Diciembre de 2009, a los Hospitales Clínicos Veterinarios (HCV) de la Universidad de Chile, sede Bilbao y Facultad. De este número, 702 casos ingresaron al estudio al presentar dos o más signos respiratorios y/o al ser diagnosticados con una patología respiratoria, lo que equivale a una morbilidad proporcional del sistema respiratorio de un 16,5%. La población de gatos con afecciones respiratorias consistió mayoritariamente en gatos de rango etario gatitos (48,2%), Doméstico pelo corto (45,4%), hembras (49%) y animales enteros (25,1%). En estos pacientes se estudió la presentación de signos respiratorios, resultando la secreción nasal (34,5%) lo más frecuente en el sistema respiratorio superior, mientras que la tos (15,4%), fue el signo más frecuente en el sistema respiratorio inferior. El área anatómica más afectada fue el sistema respiratorio superior (68,1%). La causa más frecuente de afección respiratoria fue la infecciosa (59%), seguida de trauma (16,2%) y de neoplasia (3,4%). Considerando el total de casos de pacientes con afecciones respiratorias, se manifestó una estacionalidad en la presentación de la causa infecciosa. Se observó un aumento de casos en primavera, mientras que una disminución para las estaciones de otoño e invierno
Paradiso, Beatrice. "The brain beating and heart breathing: a unifying theory of the neuro- cardiac- respiratory control in infant and adult sudden unexpected deaths". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3427309.
Texto completoMartínez, Antón Mª Asunción. "Mucus Hypersecretion, MUC genes and Mucins in Inflammatory Nasosinusal Diseases. Regulation by Proinflammatory and Antiinflammatory Agents". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/2255.
Texto completoD'entre totes les estructures que composen el tracte respiratori, el nas, a través de la mucosa nasal, és l'òrgan encarregat de la preparació del moc inhalat mitjançant la filtració, l'escalfament i la humidificació d'aquest abans que arribi als pulmons, exercint d'aquesta manera una acció protectora sobre les vies aèries vers agents irritants i patògens. Per tal de desenvolupar aquesta tasca, la mucosa nasal, concretament l'epiteli i les glàndules submucoses d'aquesta, secreta moc i alhora promou l'aclariment mucociliar a través del seu epiteli ciliat, el qual es troba submergit en les secrecions nasals.
El moc respiratori està constituït per aigua, ions, secrecions pulmonars, trasudats de proteïnes del sèrum, proteïnes antimicrobianes i glicoproteïnes mucoses o mucines, les quals són responsables de la viscoelasticitat i adhesivitat del moc. Fins ara, han estat descrits 20 gens que codifiquen per mucines, subdividits en dos grups principals: mucines secretades i de membrana.
Tot i que ambdós tipus de mucines (de membrana i secretades) comparteixen una característica comuna en la seva estructura proteica, que consisteix en la presència de diverses repeticions en tandem de regions riques en residus de serina i treonina altament glicosilats, aquestes presenten diferències estructurals que determinaran en cert grau la seva funcionalitat.
En general, en patologies respiratòries s'ha trobat un increment en la expressió de mucines respecte teixits sans. Aquestes malalties, a més de compartir, entre d'altres símptomes l'obstrucció nasal i la hipersecreció de moc, semblen presentar una composició mucínica anormal del moc en referència a la quantitat, tipus i mida de les mucines (8-10). Aquests canvis podrien contribuir a les propietats reològiques del moc del tracte respiratori, produint un moc hiperviscós en el cas de la fibrosi quística i l'asma, i un moc aquós en el de la rinitis al·lèrgica i la poliposis nasal. No obstant això, les conseqüències funcionals del moc amb composició mucínica diferent han estat poc estudiades.
Un dels objectius actuals en l'estudi de la secreció mucosa i de la regulació dels gens MUC és investigar la relació potencial entre els seus patrons d'expressió, les seves propietats fisiològiques i les seves manifestacions clíniques en patologies respiratòries com ara la poliposi nasal i l'asma. Amb els estudis que composen aquesta tesi, es pretén determinar el paper dels gens MUC en l'etiologia de malalties com la poliposi nasal i l'asma, veure si existeixen patrons de diagnòstic definits, i alhora investigar els mecanismes de regulació d'aquests gens. Els resultats d'aquests estudis contribuiran a augmentar el coneixement de l'etiologia de la poliposi nasosinusal i obrirà noves perspectives per a la millora del tractament actual, donant la possibilitat de dissenyar nous fàrmacs i noves estratègies de tractament per a la rinosinusitis crònica i la poliposi nasosinusal, especialment en relació a la hipersecreció mucosa que acompanya en aquestes malalties.
En concret, els objectius generals d'aquesta tesi sòn: un, caracteritzar l'expressió de mucines a nivell basal en mucosa nasal humana sana i inflamada (pòlips nasals), i dos, analitzar l'expressió de mucines i la regulació que exerceixen els glucocorticoides sobre aquesta en pacients amb poliposi nasal (in vivo) i en una línia cel·lular respiratòria (in vitro).
Català, Pérez Raquel. "Avaluació de la relació entre FABP4, FABP5 i el risc cardiovascular en pacients amb la sindrome d'Apnea-Hipopnea duran el son (sahs)". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/127631.
Texto completoObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and metabolic alterations. The fatty acid binding proteins (FABP) are good candidates as markers of OSA and metabolic alterations. Carotid intimae media thickness (cIMT) is a surrogate marker of subclinical atherosclerosis. We evaluated FABP4 and FABP5 concentrations and cIMT in OSA patients and the effect of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment. We included 125 patients with suspected OSA. After polysomnography, 107 were diagnosed with OSA and 58 with CPAP criteria. FABP4 and FABP5 levels were determined at baseline and after 8 weeks of CPAP in those receiving this therapy. cIMT was measured by ultrasonography at baseline and after 2 years of follow up in 50 patients on CPAP and 35 without CPAP. We observed that FABP4 is directly associated with OSA severity and change with CPAP in more severe OSA, while FABP5 was not associated with OSA severity and increased with CPAP. Increased cIMT was associated with the presence of OSA, but not with its severity and regressed upon CPAP. We concluded that FABP4 and FABP5 have different associations with OSA. FABP4 but not FABP5 could be considered a marker of metabolic alterations in OSA. Our study supports the efficacy of CPAP treatment in mitigating the cardiovascular risk of OSA and suggests that increased cIMT may be a further indication for CPAP.
Garriga, Badia Montserrat. "Influencia de la infección por el virus respiratorio sincitial en el desarrollo inmunológico en niños de 0 a 2 años de edad". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/2455.
Texto completoEl objetivo de este estudio fue establecer la relación entre la infección por el virus respiratorio sincitial y las modificaciones de la inmunidad que conducen a la aparición de asma infantil.
PACIENTES Y MÉTODO:
Estudio prospectivo realizado en la Sección de Inmunoalérgia del Hospital Universitario Sant Joan de Déu de Barcelona.
Dos grupos de estudio. NIÑOS CON BRONQUIOLITIS. (Grupo A). El grupo de niños problema estaba formado inicialmente por 65 niños (edad media 3 meses, 1 día a 7 meses) que ingresaron en este Hospital por su primer episodio de bronquiolitis VRS positivo, desde diciembre de 1997 hasta febrero de 1998. De estos, 50 niños completaron el seguimiento durante 2 años. En los análisis se solicitaba un hemograma, Inmunoglobulinas G, M, A, E. Poblaciones linfocitarias, proteína cationica eosinófila, interleucina 4, interferon gamma y las moléculas de adhesión: s VCAM.1, sL selectina
El segundo grupo(grupo B), estaba formado por 80 niños, los cuales se subdividían en 4 grupos de 20 según las edades: 20 niños de 1 a 8 semanas, otros 20 que tenían entre 5 a 7 meses, otros 20 de 10 a 14 y el último de 20 niños 16 a 20 meses de edad. Estos niños tenían programada una extracción analítica por otro motivo solicitando permiso oral a la familia se determinaba en sangre la interleucina 4, el interferón-g y las moléculas de adhesión. Este segundo grupo permitirá calcular los valores de referencia en suero de estas cuatro moléculas.
RESULTADOS:
En la fase aguda de la bronquiolitis la respuesta inmunológica frente a la infección viral fue anómala, en el sentido de que presentaron una respuesta inmune humoral (con elevación de las inmunoglobulinas G, A, M, está última con p=0,014) y un descenso de la inmunidad celular T, T4, T8. La respuesta inmune frente a la infección viral tiene que ser de predominio celular, para ser efectivas. En todos los niños que padecieron una bronquiolitis VRS, encontramos una elevación estadísticamente significativa (p= 0,001) de la sL-Selectina a los 18 meses de edad en comparación con los niños sanos de su misma edad.
CONCLUSIONES:
1.- Los niños con bronquiolitis por VRS evolucionaron a asma en los 2 años posteriores a la bronquiolitis en el 44% (22 niños).
2.- Factores que condicionaron la evolución a asma en este grupo han sido: antecedentes de un hermano con enfermedad alérgica. Padre fumador.
3.- La respuesta inmunitaria a la infección aguda por VRS, fue anómala en los que evolucionaron a asma, con aumento de la respuesta humoral (LB, Ig G, Ig A, Ig M) y descenso de la respuesta celular (LT, LT4, LT8).
4.- La respuesta inmunitaria humoral elevada y celular descendida se normalizo a los 12 meses.
5.- Los valores medios de IL-4 e IFN gamma se detectaron en niveles normales esperados para la edad en el momento de la bronquiolitis. A los 6 meses inicia la elevación de IL-4 y el descenso de IFN-gamma en los niños que después presentaron asma. Este aumento de IL4 y descenso de IFN-gamma se mantuvo hasta los 18 meses.
6.-La Ig E total de los que presentaron asma no se elevó hasta los 18 meses de vida.
7.- La proteína cationica eosinófila se encontró elevada a los 6 y 12 meses en los niños que después presentaron asma.
8.- A los 18 meses de vida los niños que han padecido bronquiolitis presentan una elevación estadísticamente significativamente (p< 0,001) de la molécula de adhesión sL -selectina, con respecto a los niños que no la han padecido.
ENGLISH
The aim of this study was to establish the relationship between respiratory syncytial virus and the modifications in immunity that cause appearance of childhood asthma.
Two study groups:
1- CHILDREN WITH BRONCHIOLITIS. (Group A)
The problem group of children was initially made up of 65 who were hospitalized at this center for their first episode of VRS positive bronchiolitis, from December 1997 to February 1998. 50 children completed the follow-up for 2 years.
2. HEALTHY CHILDREN (Group B)
The second group, made up of 80 children. Thus only a specific determination was done and no follow-up was done with these infants. IL- 4 and IFN-gamma, adhesion molecules were measured (s VCAM-1, sL selectin).
The clinical concept of Childhood Asthma: is defined as the appearance of 3 or more episodes of bronchial obstruction before 2 years of age and/or a history of: bronchial hyperactivity, outside of periods of respiratory re-infection.
CONCLUSIONS
1.- Children with VRS bronchiolitis developed asthma 2 years after the onset of bronchiolitis at a rate of 44% (22 children).
2.- Factors conditioning the development into asthma in this group have been: history of a sibling with an allergic illness or a parent who is a smoker.
3.- The immunitory response to acute VRS infection was analomous in those that developed into asthma, with an increase of humoral (LB, Ig G, Ig A, Ig M the latter with p= 0,014) and decrease in cellular response (LT, LT4, LT8).
4.- Increased humoral immunitory and decreased cellular response normalized at 12 months.
5.- The average IL-4 and IFN gamma values were detected at normal expected values for the age at the time of the bronchiolitis. At 6 months increase of IL-4 and decrease of IFN-gamma in children that later presented asthma.
This increase of IL4 and decrease of IFN-gamma was maintained up to 18 months.
6.-The total Ig E of those presenting asthma did not increase up to 18 months of age
7.- The cytokine eosinofile protein was found to be high at 6 and 12 months in children who later presented asthma.
8.- At 18 months of age the children who have suffered bronchiolitis present a statistically significant increase (p< 0,001) in molecular sL-selectine adhesion, related to children who have not suffered it.
Mesa, Marrero Carmen Margarita. "Función vestibular en la mutación A1555G del ADN mitocondrial". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/378346.
Texto completoObjectives/Hypothesis: To evaluate vestibular function in patients with 1555 A to G mutation in the 12S ribosomal RNA gene Study design: It’s an observational cross-sectional study. Material and Method: Thirty-four patients carrying the mitochondrial A1555G DNA mutation from thirteen unrelated families were enrolled. Clinical histories especially aminoglycosides exposure and the audiological and vestibular symptoms were recorded. Audiological evaluation with pure tone audiograms was performed. Vestibular examinations including caloric testing and cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPc) in response to air-conducted sound were used as measures of canalicular and saccular function, respectively. Results: Ten patients had vestibular symptoms. Twenty-two patients presented hearing loss and thirteen subjects had received aminoglycosides. The auditory defect was a bilateral symmetrical sensorineural hearing loss affecting mainly the high tones. The presence of deafness and its severity was significantly correlated with the aminoglycoside exposure. Aminoglycosides increase 5 times the risk of developing profound hearing loss or cofosis. Therefore, twenty-two of the 34 patients showed abnormal caloric responses. The caloric deficiency was bilateral canal paresis in 20 cases and unilateral hipofunction in two cases. Aminoglycoside treatment history, hearing impairment and its severity are not significantly correlated with the abnormal canal response. On the other hand, eleven patients had abnormal VEMPc: nine showed low amplitude (6 cases bilaterally and 3 unilaterally) and six patients had an asymmetric amplitude. None had absence of the VEMPs response or abnormal latencies. Aminoglycoside administration and the degree of hearing loss are not correlated with the pathologic VEMPc, but an abnormal VEMPc response is significantly associated with hearing loss. Global dysfunction, saccular and canalicular, increase 4 times the risk of developing deafness not related to hearing loss degree. Conclusions: The findings suggest that the A1555G mutation can cause vestibular dysfunction involving both the superior and inferior vestibular nerve systems, especially canalicular dysfunction. It looks like aminoglycoside might not be a causal factor for vestibular impairment in patients carrying this mutation. Furthermore, our overall results of pathological vestibular tests suggest that there is a relationship between hearing loss and vestibular dysfunction.
Cabré, Vila Joan Josep. "La Síndrome Plurimetabòlica (Síndrome X) com a factor de risc Cardiovascular a l'atencìò primària". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/8841.
Texto completoHypothesis and objectives: probably the incidence of cardiovascular disease is superior in those subjects that fulfill MS criteria. Each component of the MS will have an impact determined on the probability of displaying active cardiovascular disease.
The objectives were: to determine the prevalence of the MS and the agreement between the criteria diagnoses more accepted universally (the WHO and NCEP-ATP III); the cardiovascular risk of the individuals according to the MS diagnosis; the appearance of cardiovascular events according to the MS; the impact of the characteristics of the MS on the appearance of cardiovascular complications and the time in which these appear; and to compare diverse systems of calculation of the cardiovascular risk.
Material and methods: a cross-sectional study were carried out in order to know the prevalence of MS; and a prospective study to analyze the cardiovascular events. Greater patients of 14 years of age were selected, pertaining to two basic areas of health, representative of the general population of Reus. The period of study includes from the 01/01/1998 to the 31/12/2002. The study had the ethical institutional approval and the consent informed from the subjects.
Results: 1500 subjects are analyzed (871 women), between which 59 losses of pursuit took place during the 5 years of duration. The prevalence of arterial hypertension was of the 37,4%, the diabetes mellitus of the 15,7%, the intermediate alterations of the metabolism of the glucose of the 24%, obesity of the 32,4%, dyslipidaemias of the 22,9% and active smoking of the 18,7%.
Considering the WHO criteria the prevalence of MS was of the 17,4%; and according to the NCEP-ATP III criteria of the 20,3%. The agreement between these two criteria diagnoses have been elevated, with an index kappa weighed of 0.693.
The cardiovascular risk measured by the formula of Framingham has been superior in the patients with MS (19.6±11.4) that in the exempt of this condition (9.4±8.5) (p< 0.001). The differences also have been significant considering the tables of Girona (REGICOR) (12.5±15.4 versus 7.9±13.1, respectively) (p< 0.001).
The cardiovascular complications also differ according to the considered group, thus, the population with MS had a prevalence of the 33,1% of complications during the 5 years, whereas the group without MS underwent only 7,8% of complications (p< 0.001).
Analyzing the evolution of the groups by means of survival curves, it is observed that the group of high risk has a relative risk 16,6 times superior to the group of low risk of undergoing complications. As well as a relative risk 29,7 times superior to develope diabetes, in the 5 years of pursuit, of the group of high risk as opposed to the one of low risk.
The multiple logistic regression of the components of the MS sample that the main factor is the arterial hypertension (OR= 8.9), followed of the obesity (OR= 7.3), dyslipidaemia (OR= 6.6) and finally the diabetes (OR= 1.5).
Conclusions: these obtained prevalences are similar to those of the countries of our environment, but the incidence of cardiovascular disease in Catalonia is of the lowest of the world. Probably this difference comes given by dietary patterns, physical exercise or by genetic factors.
The MS constitutes a problem of first order considering their high prevalence and its cardiovascular prognosis.
NCEP-ATP III criterion seems more suitable for its application in primary health care given to its greater simplicity and use of more clinical parameters.
The cardiovascular risk measured by the tables of the REGICOR is next to the true incidence of observed cardiovascular disease in this study.
A point of great importance is the incorporation of the MS like a risk factor in the list of conditioners and problems of the clinical histories of primary attention.
Introducció: la síndrome metabòlica (SM) constitueix una patologia extremadament prevalent, que condiciona un alt risc cardiovascular i per tant, és una causa de mort potencialment evitable.
Hipòtesi i objectius: probablement la incidència de malaltia cardiovascular sigui superior als subjectes que compleixin criteris de SM. Cada component de la SM tindrà un impacte determinat sobre la probabilitat de presentar malaltia cardiovascular activa.
Com a objectius s'han marcat: determinar la prevalença de la SM i la concordància entre els criteris diagnòstics més acceptats universalment (OMS i NCEP-ATP III); el risc cardiovascular dels individus segons el diagnòstic de SM; l'aparició d'esdeveniments cardiovasculars segons la SM; l'impacte dels trets de la SM sobre l'aparició de complicacions cardiovasculars i el temps en que aquestes es presenten; i comparar diversos sistemes de càlcul del risc cardiovascular.
Material i mètodes: es realitza un estudi transversal per conèixer la prevalença de SM; i un estudi prospectiu per analitzar els esdeveniments cardiovasculars. Es varen seleccionar pacients majors de 14 anys d'edat, pertanyents a dues àrees bàsiques de salut, representatius de la població general de Reus. El període d'estudi abarca des de l'01/01/1998 fins el 31/12/2002. Es va comptar amb l'aprovació ètica institucional i el consentiment informat dels subjectes.
Resultats: S'analitzen 1500 subjectes (871 dones), dels quals es produeixen 59 pèrdues de seguiment durant els 5 anys de durada. La prevalença d'hipertensió arterial va ser del 37.4%, la diabetis mellitus del 15.7%, les alteracions intermitges del metabolisme glucídic del 24%, obesitat del 32.4%, dislipidèmies del 22.9% i tabaquisme actiu del 18.7%.
Considerant els criteris OMS la prevalença de SM ha estat del 17.4%; i segons els criteris NCEP-ATP III del 20.3%. La concordància entre aquests dos criteris diagnòstics ha estat elevada, amb un índex kappa ponderat de 0.693.
El risc cardiovascular mesurat per la fòrmula de Framingham ha estat superior als pacients amb SM (19.6±11.4) que als exempts d'ella (9.4±8.5) (p<0.001). Les diferències també han estat significatives considerant les taules de Girona (REGICOR) (12.5±15.4 vs 7.9±13.1, respectivament) (p<0.001).
Les complicacions cardiovasculars també difereixen segons el grup considerat, així, la població amb SM va tenir una prevalença del 33.1% de complicacions en els 5 anys, mentres que el grup sense SM va patir només un 7.8% de complicacions (p<0.001).
Analitzant la evolució dels grups mitjançant taules de supervivència, s'observa que el grup d'alt risc té un risc relatiu 16.6 vegades superior al grup de baix risc de patir complicacions. Així com un risc relatiu 29.7 vegades superior de desenvolupar diabetis, en els 5 anys de seguiment, del grup d'alt risc en front del de baix risc.
La regressió logística múltipla dels components de la SM mostra que el factor principal és la hipertensió arterial (OR=8.9), seguit de la obesitat (OR=7.3), la dislipidèmia (OR=6.6) i finalment la diabetis (OR=1.5).
Conclusions: aquestes prevalences obtingudes són similars als països del nostre entorn, però la incidència de malaltia cardiovascular a Catalunya és de les més baixes del món. Probablement aquesta diferència vingui donada per patrons dietètics, d'exercici físic tant com per factors genètics.
La SM constitueix un problema de primer ordre donada la seva elevada prevalença i el seu pronòstic cardiovascular.
El criteri NCEP-ATP III sembla més idoni per l'aplicació a l'atenció primària donada la major senzillesa i emprar paràmetres més clínics.
El risc cardiovascular mesurat amb les taules del REGICOR és més proper a la veritable incidència de malaltia cardiovascular observada en aquest estudi.
Un punt de gran importància és la incorporació de la SM con a factor de risc a la llista de condicionants i problemes de les històries clíniques d'atenció primària.
Introducción: el síndrome metabólico (SM) constituye una patología extremadamente prevalente, que condiciona un alto riesgo cardiovascular y por tanto, es una causa de muerte potencialmente evitable.
Hipótesis y objetivos: probablemente la incidencia de enfermedad cardiovascular sea superior en aquellos sujetos que cumplan criterios de SM. Cada componente del SM tendrá un impacto determinado sobre la probabilidad de presentar enfermedad cardiovascular activa.
Como objetivos se señalaron: determinar la prevalencia del SM y la concordancia entre los criterios diagnósticos más aceptados universalmente (OMS y NCEP-ATP III); el riesgo cardiovascular de los individuos según el diagnóstico de SM; la aparición de eventos cardiovasculares según el SM; el impacteo de los rasgos del SM sobre la aparición de complicaciones cardiovasculares y el tiempo en que éstas se presentan; y comparar diversos sistemas de cálculo del riesgo cardiovascular.
Material y métodos: se realiza un estudio transversal para conocer la prevalencia de SM; y un estudio prospectivo para analizar los eventos cardiovasculares. Se seleccionaron pacientes mayores de 14 años de edad, pertenecientes a dos áreas básicas de salud, representativos de la población general de Reus. El período de estudio abarca desde el 01/01/1998 hasta el 31/12/2002. Se contó con la aprobación ética institucional y el consentimiento informado de los sujetos.
Resultados: Se analizan 1500 sujetos (871 mujeres), entre los cuales se produjeron 59 pérdidas de seguimiento durante los 5 años de duración. La prevalencia de hipertensión arterial fue del 37.4%, la diabetes mellitus del 15.7%, las alteraciones intermedias del metabolismo glucídico del 24%, obesidad del 32.4%, dislipidemias del 22.9% y tabaquismo activo del 18.7%.
Considerando los criterios OMS la prevalencia de SM fue del 17.4%; y según los criterios NCEP-ATP III del 20.3%. La concordancia entre estos dos criterios diagnósticos ha sido elevada, con un índice kappa ponderado de 0.693.
El riesgo cardiovascular medido por la fórmula de Framingham ha sido superior en los pacientes con SM (19.6±11.4) que en los exentos del mismo (9.4±8.5) (p<0.001). Las diferencias también han sido significativas considerando las tablas de Girona (REGICOR) (12.5±15.4 vs 7.9±13.1, respectivamente) (p<0.001).
Las complicaciones cardiovasculares también difieren según el grupo considerado, así, la población con SM tuvo una prevalencia del 33.1% de complicaciones durante los 5 años, mientras que el grupo sin SM sufrió sólo un 7.8% de complicaciones (p<0.001).
Analizando la evolución de los grupos mediante curvas de supervivencia, se observa que el grupo de alto riesgo tiene un riesgo relativo 16.6 veces superior al grupo de bajo riesgo de sufrir complicaciones. Así como un riesgo relativo 29.7 veces superior de desarrollar diabetes, en los 5 años de seguimiento, del grupo de alto riesgo frente al de bajo riesgo.
La regresión logística múltiple de los componentes del SM muestra que el factor principal es la hipertensión arterial (OR=8.9), seguido de la obesidad (OR=7.3), la dislipidemia (OR=6.6) y finalmente la diabetes (OR=1.5).
Conclusiones: estas prevalencias obtenidas son similares a las de los paises de nuestro entorno, pero la incidencia de enfermedad cardiovascular en Cataluña es de las más bajas del mundo. Probablemente esta diferencia venga dada por patrones dietéticos, de ejercicio físico así como por factores genéticos.
El SM constituye un problema de primer orden habida cuenta su elevada prevalencia y su pronóstico cardiovascular.
El criterio NCEP-ATP III parece más idóneo para su aplicación en atención primaria dada su mayor sencillez y utilización de parámetros más clínicos.
El riesgo cardiovascular medido por las tablas del REGICOR es más próximo a la verdadera incidencia de enfermedad cardiovascular observada en este estudio.
Un punto de gran importancia es la incorporación del SM como un factor de riesgo en la lista de condicionantes y problemas de las historias clínicas de atención primaria.
Scaccabarozzi, D. "THE PATHOGENESIS OF MALARIA ACUTE RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME (MA-ARDS): MODIFICATION OF THE LIPID PROFILE, ANTIOXIDANT DEFENCES AND CYTOKINE CONTENT IN DIFFERENT TISSUES OF MALARIA INFECTED MICE". Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/231156.
Texto completoRialp, Cervera Gemma. "Efectes fisiològics del decúbit pron i de la inhalació d'òxid nítric en malalts amb la síndrome del destret respiratori agut". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/4374.
Texto completoPacients i mètode: Estudi amb 15 pacients ingressats a UCI amb SDRA precoç (8 amb SDRA d'origen pulmonar (Pu) i 7 amb SDRA d'origen extrapulmonar (EPu)), intubats i connectats a ventilació mecànica controlada per volum amb FiO2 1. S'ha ajustat del valor de PEEP amb la determinació del punt d'inflexió inferior de la corba pressió-volum en decúbit supí (DS) i PEEP 0 cm H2O, mantenint-se constant al llarg de l'estudi. S'analitza dades gasomètriques i hemodinàmiques recollides en les quatre situacions estudiades: DS (o situació basal), DS+iNO, DP, DP+iNO (la iNO es realitza de forma randomitzada en cada posició). A 12 pacients es realitza a més el càlcul del reclutament alveolar induït per la PEEP en DS i en DP. L'estudi estadístic utilitzat ha estat una anàlisi de la variància per a dades aparellades, el test Xi-quadrat per la comparació de les variables qualitatives. Per l'estudi de mecànica respiratòria s'ha utilitzat el test U de Mann-Whitney i el test de Wilcoxon. Valors de p<0,05 s'han considerat significatius.
Resultats: Tant la iNO com el DP produeixen un increment significatiu de la PaO2/FiO2 en relació a la situació basal (de 106 ± 58 mm Hg en DS a 131 ± 69 mm Hg en DS+iNO, p=0,01, i a 184 ± 67 mm Hg en DP, p < 0.001). Els efectes d'ambdós tractaments sobre l'oxigenació són de tipus additiu. Els pacients amb SDRA Pu i els pacients amb SDRA EPu mostren un augment similar de la PaO2/FiO2 amb el DP. Només els pacients amb SDRA Pu han mostrat un augment significatiu (p<0.001) de l'oxigenació induït per la iNO de 81 ± 45 mm Hg a 100 ± 50 mm Hg en DS, i de 146 ± 53 a 197 ± 98 mm Hg en DP. El DP s'associa a un augment significatiu del volum reclutat en relació al DS ( 227 ± 106 en DP i 186 ± 96 ml en DS, p=0,04). L'increment de la PaO2/FiO2 induït pel DP mostra una correlació positiva amb l'increment del volum reclutat induït pel DP (r=0,72; p=0,008).
Conclusió: El DP i la iNO presenten efectes de tipus additiu sobre l'oxigenació. El DP s'associa a una millora marcada de la PaO2/FiO2, independentment de la causa de la SDRA, mentre que la iNO millora l'oxigenació predominantment en els pacients amb SDRA Pu. L'augment de volum reclutat observat en DP en relació al DS es correlaciona directament amb l'increment en la PaO2/FiO2 induït pel DP.
Objective: To study the gas exchange and hemodynamic effects induced by the combination of prone position (PP) and inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) in patients with early ARDS, and to analyse whether or not pulmonary (Pu) or extrapulmonary (EPu) ARDS patients behave differently. We also studied the effects of PP on respiratory system mechanics.
Patients and methods: We studied 15 intubated patients admitted in our ICU with early ARDS (8 Pu ARDS and 7 EPu ARDS) under volume controlled mechanical ventilation and FiO2 1. PEEP levels were adjusted according to the lower inflection point of the pressure-volume curve of the respiratory system in supine position (SP) and PEEP 0 cm H2O, and were kept constant through the study. Gasometric and hemodynamic data were collected in four situations: SP (or baseline situation), SP+iNO, PP, PP+iNO (iNO was randomized in each position). Measurement of alveolar recruitment induced by PEEP in SP and PP was calculated in twelve patients. An analysis of variance for repeated measures with two factors was performed to compare both treatments. Mann-Whithey U test and Wilcoxon test were used to compare the effects on respiratory mechanics. Chi-square test was applied to compare qualitative variables. A p<0.05 was considered significant.
Results: In comparison with SP, iNO and PP induced significant increase in PaO2/FiO2 (from 106 ± 58 in SP to 131 ± 69 mm Hg in SP+iNO, p=0.01, and 184 ± 58 mm Hg in PP, p<0.001). Pu and EPu ARDS showed a similar improvement in PaO2/FiO2 with PP. Only Pu ARDS patients showed a significant increase (p<0.001) in oxygenation induced by iNO from 81 ± 45 to 100 ± 50 mm Hg in SP, and from 146 ± 53 to 197 ± 98 mm Hg in PP. PP is associated with a significant increase on the recruited volume in comparison with SP (227 ± 106 in PP and 186 ± 96 ml in SP, p=0.04). The improvement in PaO2/FiO2 observed with PP is directly correlated with the increase of the alveolar recruitment induced by PP (r=0.72; p=0.008).
Conclusion: PP and iNO show additive effects on oxygenation. PP is associated with a marked improvement in oxygenation, irrespective of the cause of ARDS, whereas oxygenation effects of iNO are mainly seen in patients with Pu ARDS. The increase of the recruited volume observed in PP in comparison with SP is directly correlated with the increase of PaO2/FiO2 induced by PP.
Puig, Vilanova Ester 1987. "Biological mechanisms in respiratory and limb muscle dysfunction in chronic respiratory conditions : influence of disease severity and body composition". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/318161.
Texto completoLa disfunció muscular esquelètica i la pèrdua de massa muscular són dues manifestacions sistèmiques freqüents en malalties com la Malaltia Pulmonar Obstructiva Crònica (MPOC) i el Càncer de Pulmó (CP). Malgrat que en els malalts amb MPOC, els músculs perifèrics sovint es veuen més greument afectats, els músculs respiratoris també mostren alteracions estructurals i funcionals. La disfunció muscular que pateixen aquests pacients afecta negativament la seva qualitat de vida, no només reduint la seva tolerància a l’exercici físic sinó també a les seves activitats quotidianes. Diferents mecanismes moleculars estan implicats en la etiologia de la disfunció muscular en la MPOC. La nostra hipòtesi és que l’estrès oxidatiu podria ser un desencadenant de l’augment de proteòlisi i disfunció muscular en els músculs perifèrics de pacients amb caquèxia associada a processos respiratoris com ara la MPOC i el CP. Els mecanismes epigenètics podrien estar també implicats en la fisiopatologia de la disfunció muscular en la MPOC.
Canzian, Mauro. ""Análise qualitativa e semiquantitativa de parâmetros morfológicos em biópsias pulmonares cirúrgicas e autópsias: valor preditivo e impacto no prognóstico de pacientes com infiltrado pulmonar difuso"". Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5144/tde-15082005-120445/.
Texto completoClinical and histological data concerning open lung biopsy from 63 adult patients, with diffuse infiltrates, most of them with respiratory failure, from 1982 to 2003, were analyzed. Severity of each pathological alteration was semiquantitatively rated following an histological score system. "Acute" and "chronic" indices were then established. Statistically significant association occurred between survival and increasing age, diffuse alveolar damage, comorbidity and the "chronic score". Detailed histological analysis of lung specimens was proven to provide more than nosological diagnosis. Greater studies in a randomized and prospective trial could finalize and confirm this conclusion