Tesis: "Pastry in art"

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Arnaud, Coline. "La pâtisserie française (1870 - 1914) : une révolution gastronomique". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLV047.

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La pâtisserie d'art théorisée par Carême avant 1850 codifie une pâtisserie décorative et complexe dont le faste est destiné aux élites sociales de l'Empire puis de la Restauration. Pourtant, dès 1820, cette pâtisserie ambitieuse bouleversant le statut artisanal du pâtissier se heurte aux valeurs bourgeoises d'une classe sociale en pleine ascension. Les inventions techniques, les réformes sociales, l'ouverture des marchés à la production industrielle au tournant du siècle condensent les tensions toujours irrésolues entre une pâtisserie nostalgique, aux ambitions artistiques, et la prédominance des commerces de proximité, symboles d'une production économique diversifiée et moderne. Ce travail cherche à analyser l'origine de ces tensions et leur impact à travers le métier, le produit et le lieu de vente, en interrogeant le rapport de cette pratique au social, au politique et à l'art de 1870 à 1914
Artistic pastry theorized by Carême before 1850 codifies a decorative pastry and complex whose splendor is dedicated to Empire and Restoration's social elites . Yet in 1820, this ambitious pastry upsetting the status of artisan confectioner faces the bourgeois values of a social class on the rise. Technical inventions, social reforms, market opening in industrial production at the turn of the century condense still unresolved tensions between a nostalgic pastry, artistic ambitions, and the predominance of local shops, symbols of a diversified economic production. This work seeks to analyze the origin of these tensions and their impact across the business, product and point of sale, questioning the relationship of this practice to the social, political and art from 1870 to 1914

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Tommaso, Wilma Steagall de. "O Pantocrator de Claudio Pastro: importância e atualidade". Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2013. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/1897.

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This research explores the Pantocrator, the depiction of Christ in Glory relatively unkown in Brazil, where the barroque is the most common art religious and portrays Jesus crucified. Claudio Pastro is a Brazilian artist who has for over thirty years placed the Christ Pantocrator as a central theme in the churches he designs. The starting point was a series of interviews with the author on his background, influence and motivation towards Pantocrators. This study searched for the image of Jesus, God of the Christians and the only to be portrayed among the Abrahamic religions, although not without controversy. Later it studies the Majestas Domini, the Pantocrator from the west with major influence in the artist, achieving the representation of God with religious and political implications throughout the centuries to finally achieve contemporaneity with movements of modern art and the occurrences before and after the Second Vatican Council. The objective is to understand the meaning of the Pantocrator image in the Brazilian churches as well as the reasons why an art style from the first century reappears today
Esta pesquisa aborda o Pantocrator, a imagem do Cristo em Glória. Relativamente desconhecida no Brasil, país onde o barroco é a arte religiosa mais característica, esta imagem é tema central na obra de Claudio Pastro, artista plástico brasileiro, que há mais de trinta anos coloca, nas igrejas que projeta, o Cristo Pantocrator, cujo tipo simbólico se diferencia da arte naturalista do barroco que, por tradição, destaca o Cristo crucificado. A partir de uma série de entrevistas concedidas pelo artista, nas quais falou sobre sua formação, influências que marcam sua obra e sua motivação para fazer Pantocrators, este trabalho buscou a origem da imagem de Jesus, Deus dos cristãos, e também o único a ser retratado dentre as religiões Abrâmicas, não sem controvérsias, encontrando o Majestas Domini, o tipo Pantocrator do Ocidente medieval, influência significativa para o artista, chegando na representação de Deus, sua permissão e implicações religiosas e políticas ao longo de séculos, para finalmente alcançar a contemporaneidade, com os movimentos de arte moderna e os acontecimentos pré e pós Concílio Vaticano II, com o objetivo de entender a coerência da imagem do Pantocrator nas igrejas do Brasil e, consequentemente, compreender as razões de o Pantocrator, um tipo característico da arte da Igreja do Primeiro Milênio, reaparecer nos dias de hoje

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Clini, Maira Mendes. "As cores de Pastore: grafite arte vida". Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/47/47134/tde-09022011-105236/.

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Este trabalho tem como objetivo compreender a vida e a obra de um grafiteiro. A partir do convívio com o artista Bruno Pastore, foi possível constituírmos um mundo de acontecimentos, imagens e palavras, que resultou na descoberta dos sentidos da arte quando integrada na vida. Trata-se de um mestrado em Psicologia Social, permeado pelo método fenomenológico de pesquisa, cuja principal característica é a suspensão das teorias préconcebidas e dos pressupostos, para que o pesquisador possa ir ao encontro do que se mostra a partir do ponto de vista de Bruno Pastore. Revelamos, em primeiro lugar, a trajetória de vida do artista, trazendo à tona acontecimentos importantes e denúncias diversas. Em seguida, elaboramos uma leitura de suas principais produções artísticas, entre elas grafites e poesias, integradas sempre no contexto de sua história de vida. Por último, apresentamos um ensaio filosófico baseado nas referências teóricas que esse estudo suscitou. O texto, assim como o grafite, se desenha na forma de um palimpsesto, pois é sustentado por referências que ligam os seus capítulos principais, que podem ser lidos independentemente, ou na ordem que mais aprouver o leitor
This work aims to understand in the light of phenomenology, life and work of a graffiti artist. From the meeting with the artist Bruno Pastore was possible for us to constitute a world of events, images and words, which resulted in the discovery of the meanings of art when built in life.This is a master\\\'s degree in Social Psychology, permeated by the phenomenological research method, in which the main feature is the suspension of preconceived theories and assumptions, so that the researcher can go back to what is shown from the point Bruno Pastore of view. Reveal, first, the trajectory of the artist\\\'s life, bringing up several key events and complaints. Then do a reading of his main artistic productions, including graffiti and poetry, always integrated with the context of his life story. Finally, we present a philosophical essay based on theoretical references that this study has raised. The text, as well as graphite, is drawn in the form of a palimpsest, because it is supported by references linking its main chapters, which can be read independently, or in the order that most pleases the reader

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Tilley, Douglas. "What are the factors that lead pastors to change pastorates?" Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2003. http://www.tren.com.

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Sartorelli, Cesar Augusto. "O espaço sagrado e o religioso na obra de claudio Pastro". Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2005. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/1888.

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Overall this sciences of religions essay is about architecture and art, but mainly its object is to treat specifically the fields wich refer to both the construction of religious spaces, and the hole art contained inside them and rised from them as well. These fields encircle painting, sculpture and, in addition, furniture and special pieces designed for the indoor spaces. More specifically, this essay also builts and reports its reflections based on the contemporary christian artwork and architectural spaces, produced and projected by artist and vernacular architect Claudio Pastro. The analysis in this essay approaches Pastro's biography through his unique process of working and criating, as a painter, pictorial artist, architect and sacred art expert. The second chapter explores Pastro's conceptions between sacred art and religious art, which are indeed different: each conception is clearly refeared, explained, discussed, compared to the other ones, and looked over through the eyes of Mircea Eliade's and Rudolf Otto's fenomenology. Still in the field of the Teology of the Art, the thinking of Romano Guardini about the sacred and the religious is also shown. In the third chapter we have a timeline brief of the history of art and sacred architecture, the bases of Pastro's work; then, a comparative study between his conception about the modern project related to the architecture and the vanguard arts. We also comment some brazilian architects projects, wich he admire and influenced him. Furthermore we comment the II Council of the Vatican and its propositions of liturgical renewal, wich led to the renew of sacred architeture and art, home of Pastro's realm of inspiration and concepts. We end with the analysis and critical reviewing of nine of his chapels and churches already built. In the conclusion, we comment the repercussion of Claudio Pastro's works, and the importance of his figure within the brazilian artistic and architectural panorama, as well as the concerns and limits of his concepts. Alongside with these questions, we leave to open minds some other further questions to be treated, about the relationships between art and religion, and art and the sacred.
Este trabalho em ciências da religião trata de arte e arquitetura, num campo especializado de ambas, que é a construção de espaços religiosos e a arte que nele se insere, abrangendo pintura, escultura, e o design de peças e mobiliário de seu interior. Mais especificamente estaremos tratando de arte e arquitetura sacras cristãs, contemporâneas, através da obra do artista sacro e arquiteto vernacular Claudio Pastro. A análise se inicia através de sua biografia e desenvolvimento de processo de trabalho, como artista plástico, gráfico, arquiteto vernacular e estudioso de arte sacra e espaço litúrgico. A seguir suas concepções, que colocam uma diferenciação entre arte sacra e arte religiosa, serão explicadas e discutidas, observadas através da fenomenologia de Mircea Eliade e Rudolf Otto. No âmbito da Teologia da Arte também exporemos o pensamento de Romano Guardini, citado como fonte dos conceitos de Claudio Pastro sobre sagrado e religioso. No terceiro capítulo fazemos um breve histórico da história da arte e arquitetura sacras, sobre o qual se apoia seu trabalho, acrescido de um estudo comparativo de sua concepção de arquitetura em relação ao projeto moderno , e com as vanguardas artísticas em artes plásticas. Comentamos também alguns projetos de arquitetos brasileiros que o influenciaram e que admira. De dentro da Igreja trataremos do Concílio Vaticano II e suas propostas de renovação litúrgica, que implicaram em renovações na arte e arquitetura sacras, a qual se filia Claudio Pastro. Encerramos com a análise e crítica de nove projetos de capelas e igrejas por ele realizados. Na conclusão situamos a repercussão de seus trabalhos e seu papel dentro da arte e arquitetura sacras católicas brasileiras, na prática, assim como a pertinência e limites de suas concepções e conceitos. No questionamento destes conceitos e concepções situamos questões em aberto, pertinentes à relação entre arte e religião, arte e o sagrado.

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Thulin, Susanne Maria y smthulin@telia com. "Hyperspectral Remote Sensing of Temperate Pasture Quality". RMIT University. Mathematical and Geospatial Sciences, 2009. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20090507.163006.

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This thesis describes the research undertaken for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, testing the hypothesis that spectrometer data can be used to establish usable relationships for prediction of pasture quality attributes. The research data consisted of reflectance measurements of various temperate pasture types recorded at four different times (years 2000 to 2002), recorded by three hyperspectral sensors, the in situ ASD, the airborne HyMap and the satellite-borne Hyperion. Corresponding ground-based pasture samples were analysed for content of chlorophyll, water, crude protein, digestibility, lignin and cellulose at three study sites in rural Victoria, Australia. This context was used to evaluate effects of sensor differences, data processing and enhancement, analytical methods and sample variability on the predictive capacity of derived prediction models. Although hyperspectral data analysis is being applied in many areas very few studies on temperate pastures have been conducted and hardly any encompass the variability and heterogeneity of these southern Australian examples. The research into the relationship between the spectrometer data and pasture quality attribute assays was designed using knowledge gained from assessment of other hyperspectral remote sensing and near-infrared spectroscopy research, including bio-chemical and physical properties of pastures, as well as practical issues of the grazing industries and carbon cycling/modelling. Processing and enhancement of the spectral data followed methods used by other hyperspectral researchers with modifications deemed essential to produce better relationships with pasture assay data. As many different methods are in use for the analysis of hyperspectral data several alternative approaches were investigated and evaluated to determine reliability, robustness and suitability for retrieval of temperate pasture quality attributes. The analyses employed included stepwise multiple linear regression (SMLR) and partial least squares regression (PLSR). The research showed that the spectral research data had a higher potential to be used for prediction of crude protein and digestibility than for the plant fibres lignin and cellulose. Spectral transformation such as continuum removal and derivatives enhanced the results. By using a modified approach based on sample subsets identified by a matrix of subjective bio-physical and ancillary data parameters, the performance of the models were enhanced. Prediction models from PLSR developed on ASD in situ spectral data, HyMap airborne imagery and Hyperion and corresponding pasture assays showed potential for predicting the two important pasture quality attributes crude protein and digestibility in hyperspectral imagery at a few quantised levels corresponding to levels currently used in commercial feed testing. It was concluded that imaging spectrometry has potential to offer synoptic, simultaneous and spatially continuous information valuable to feed based enterprises in temperate Victoria. The thesis provide a significant contribution to the field of hyperspectral remote sensing and good guidance for future hyperspectral researchers embarking on similar tasks. As the research is based on temperate pastures in Victoria, Australia, which are dominated by northern hemisphere species, the findings should be applicable to analysis of temperate pastures elsewhere, for example in Western Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, North America, Europe and northern Asia (China).

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Muñoz, Cárdaba Luis-Miguel. "Principios eclesiológicos de la "Pastor bonus" /". Roma : Ed. Pontificia università gregoriana, 1999. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb372139274.

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Chen, Yu. "Accès et possession : deux modalités d'expérience de consommation : Le cas des visiteurs d'exposition et des collectionneurs d'oeuvres d'art contemporain". Jouy-en Josas, HEC, 2006. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00994776.

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Cette recherche propose un modèle théorique qui distingue deux modalités d'expérience de consommation appliquée au domaine de l'œuvre d'art contemporain : à travers la possession d’une part, à travers l'accès à l'expérience sans possession d’autre part, ainsi qu’une analyse des deux catégories de consommateurs étudiées : les visiteurs et les collectionneurs. Ce modèle est fondé à la fois sur des réflexions philosophiques -en ce qui concerne les modes d’existence « avoir ou être »- et sur les analyses du désir du consommateur avant et après l’expérience de consommation, c’est-à-dire la valeur perçue. Les résultats empiriques, à travers deux études qualitatives (entretiens profonds et notes personnelles, analyses du contenu et analyses intra-inter textuelles) et deux études quantitatives (questionnaires, analyse factorielles et modélisation avec équations structurelles) avec l’échantillon des visiteurs et des collectionneurs d’art contemporain, montrent que le désir du consommateur est différent vis-à-vis de l’accès -la visite- et vis-à-vis de la possession. Ainsi la population désire-t-elle davantage d’évasion, de surprise, d’esthétique et de calme par la visite d’exposition d’art contemporain. Les valeurs perçues après la visite sont celles d’évasion, de stimulation et de philanthropie. A l’inverse, la population montre le désir de « garder des liens familiaux » par la possession d’œuvres d’art contemporain. La valeur perçue après la possession est celle de contentement. Curieusement, les collectionneurs d’œuvres d’art contemporain ne montrent pas un désir possessif plus fort que les visiteurs. Ils ont, en revanche, un désir philanthropique significativement plus marqué alors que les visiteurs, de leur côté, montrent un désir d’intellectualité plus affirmé que les collectionneurs
This research proposes a theoretical framework which compares and combines the two alternative modes of entrance into the consumption experience: the case of visits and collection of contemporary artworks; as well as the two kinds of consumers- visitors and collectors. The framework is based on the philosophical debates about “having and being” as two modes of existence, and the analyses of consumer desire and consumer value vis-à-vis the two modes. The empirical findings, through two qualitative studies (depth interviews, personal journals; content analysis and intra-inter textual analyses) and two quantitative studies (questionnaires, factor analysis, structural equation modelling) with the sample of visitors of exhibitions and collectors of contemporary artworks, show that the population has different desires and values vis-à-vis the “access- visits” and the “possession-collection”: people desire otherness, aesthetics, surprise and calm by visits, and perceive value of otherness, stimulation and philanthropy after the visits; they desire keeping family links and the control over the relative subjects by possession, and perceive value of contentment after the possession. Curiously, collectors don’t show a stronger possessive desire than visitors- they have, however, stronger philanthropic desire regarding the collection. Visitors, for their part, only show stronger desire for intellectuality than collectors

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Xia, Gui-Song. "Méthodes géométriques pour l'analyse d'images et de textures". Paris, Télécom ParisTech, 2011. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00682590.

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Cette thèse se concentre sur l’étude de l’extraction et de la caractérisation des structures locales, dans le contexte de l’analyse d’images et des textures. S’appuyant sur les lignes de niveau des images ou sur la notion duale et moins structuré e d’orientation du gradient, les contributions de cette thèse se concentrent sur trois thèmes suivants : La première partie présente une nouvelle méthode pour l’analyse de texture qui dans l’esprit est similaire à la granulométrie morphologique, tout en permettant un haut degré d’invariance géométrique et radiométrique. Avec l’aide de la représentation par carte topographique, la deuxième partie de cette thèse développe une approche générale pour l’abstraction d’images, dont le but est de générer automatiquement des images abstraites à partir de photographies réalistes. Le sujet de la dernière partie de cette thèse est la détection des jonctions dans les images naturelles. L’approche s’appuie sur les directions locales de lignes de niveau à travers l’orientation du gradient de l’image. Nous introduisons un système générique d’analyse de jonction. Le premier avantage de la procédure proposée est un critère pour la détection automatique de jonctions. Celui-ci permet de traiter des parties texturées de l’image dans lesquelles aucune détection n’est attendue. Deuxièmement, la méthode donne une caractérisation des jonctions en L-, Y et en X, y compris un calcul précis de leur type, de leur localisation et de leur échelle. Contrairement aux approches classiques, la caractérisation de l’échelle ne repose pas sur un espace-échelle linéaire, et permet donc d’obtenir une bonne précision géométrique
This thesis focuses on the studies of the extraction and characterization of local image structures, in the context of images and texture analysis. Relying on the level lines of images or on the somehow dual and less structured notion of gradient orientation, the contributions of the thesis concentrate on following three themes: The first part of this thesis presents a new method for texture analysis that in spirit is similar to morphological granulometries, while allowing a high degree of geometrical and radiometric invariances. Also using the topographic map representation, the second part of this thesis develops a general approach for the abstraction of images, the aim of which is to automatically generate abstract images from realistic photographs. The subject of the last part of this thesis is the detection of junctions in natural images. The approach relies on the local directions of level lines through the orientation of image gradient. We introduce a generic junction analysis scheme. The first asset of the proposed procedure is an automatic criterion for the detection of junctions, permitting to deal with textured parts in which no detection is expected. Second, the method yields a characterization of L-, Y- and X- junctions, including a precise computation of their type, localization and scale. Contrary to classical approaches, scale characterization does not rely on the linear scale-space, therefore enabling geometric accuracy

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Brown, Peter Robert y n/a. "Pasture response following rabbit control on grazing land". University of Canberra. Resource & Environmental Science, 1993. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20061113.144813.

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The experiments described in this thesis were designed to assess changes in pasture dynamics (biomass and species composition of pasture) of grazing land on the Southern Tablelands of ACT and NSW, after 16 combinations of rabbit control treatments had been applied. The rabbit control performed by CSIRO Division of Wildlife and Ecology consisted of all combinations of presence-absence of Poisoning (using sodium monofluoroacetate, 1080: POIS), Ripping (ripping warrens using a tractor fitted with ripping tynes: RIP), Fumigation (pressure fumigation using chloropicrin: FUM) and repeated follow-up fumigation (using phostoxin pellets one, six and eighteen months after completion of the initial treatment: ANN). The pasture was assessed before treatments were applied, and every six months after rabbit control treatments. Treatment combinations were assigned randomly in a 24 factorial design on a total of 32 sites. There was a significant increase of pasture biomass at the RIP+ANN treatment at post-treatment sample 5. The analysis of covariance did not detect any other significant increase or decrease of pasture biomass for any rabbit control treatment, at any posttreatment sample. A significant increase of grass species occurred for the treatments of POIS+RIP+FUM, POIS and RIP+ANN for the post-treatment samples of 1, 3 and 5 respectively. There was a significant increase of thistles at the rabbit control treatments of POIS+RIP+FUM+ANN (post-treatment sample 1), RIP, ANN, RIP+FUM, RIP+FUM+ANN and POIS+RIP+FUM+ANN (post-treatment sample 3) and RIP and FUM+ANN (post-treatment sample 5). A significant increase of weeds occurred at FUM (post-treatment sample 3) and at FUM+ANN (post-treatment sample 5). No significant changes in the amount of herbs or legumes was apparent for any rabbit control treatment or post-treatment sample. There were no significant decreases for any species group. Except for the significant results for post-treatment sample 1, all significant increases of biomass for any species group occurred during spring (post-treatment sample 3 and 5) which suggests a growth phase during spring then subsequent dieback (particularly for thistles and weeds), as any change was not detected in the following autumn sample. No strong trend is evident for any particular rabbit control treatments, or any combination of treatments. Analysis of covariance revealed that the rabbit control treatment of RIP+ANN showed significant increases in both total biomass of pasture and grass biomass during post-treatment sample 5. This treatment reduced the number of active entrances the most. Significant positive correlations were found between pasture biomass (total) with grass, herb, legume, thistle and weed species groups. Significant negative correlations between grass biomass and the number of active entrances were found when the rabbit control had been highly effective in reducing the number of active entrances. When rabbit control had not been very successful, there was a significant positive but low correlation with the number of active entrances. There was no significant relationship between the number of active entrances with the weight of rabbit dung pellets. It is reasoned that they are different measures of rabbit abundance. More rabbit dung pellets were found closer to the warren than further away from the warren, but there was no correlation between rabbit dung and pasture biomass. Rainfall was above average for most of the experiment, biomass increased accordingly, and rabbit control was highly successful. The resulting changes in the pasture were difficult to detect, although some increases in species composition groups occurred. It is reasoned that the changes observed are partly attributable to seasonal conditions, and to high rainfall. Grazing by domestic animals, sheep and cattle, had been found to be consistent throughout the experiment.

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Wallace, Richard Paul y n/a. "Effects of trees on temperate native pasture productivity". University of Canberra. Applied Science, 1999. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20061113.160245.

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The goal of this work was to quantify the effects of eucalypt woodland blocks on the productivity of native pastures. This research was conducted on the Southern Tablelands of New South Wales. Tree planting or retention is seen by many as an important tool in addressing the problems of soil degradation resulting from clearing and pasture improvement that threaten the sustainability of pasture systems. In particular these are dry land salinity and erosion, both of which affect large areas of agricultural lands in the south east of Australia. Whilst native tree cover remains over substantial portions of Australian pasture lands, mainly on steeper slopes and poorer soils, little has been done to measure the effects of trees on pasture productivity and soil fertility on the Southern Tablelands. Previous studies in other areas have shown a range of effects�from facilitation to inhibition�of pasture growth in the presence of trees. Soil fertility beneath trees has been shown by a number of workers to be elevated in comparison with situations in the open. Given that the range of effects may be highly site dependent, application of results from one area to another may not be valid. Thus it is necessary to measure tree effects on a regional scale if results are to be reliable. Pasture productivity was assessed over a two year period on four sites in the vicinity of Bungendore, New South Wales. A pair of plots was selected on each site, one plot in a block of eucalypt woodland, and the other nearby in an exposed, open situation. Plots were chosen to be as similar to each other as possible with the exception of tree cover. Treed plots had a tree basal area of between 10 and 20 m2 ha-1 and plots had an area of 900 m2. Two of the sites were on granitic soils and had a tree cover consisting predominantly of Eucalyptus pauciflora. The remaining two sites were on soil derived from sedimentary rocks with tree cover consisting mainly of E. mannifera, E. dives and E. melliodora. Perennial native pasture species present were similar across all sites, although their relative contributions to standing biomass varied between sites. As the plots were grazed during the period of measurement, productivity and offtake were measured seasonally using exclosure cages on each plot. Pasture standing biomass was assessed using the comparative yield technique. Microclimate was monitored in each plot by automatic weather stations. Soil moisture to a depth of 45 cm was measured by time domain reflectometry using permanent probes in each plot. Ten additional survey plots on each site, covering the range of tree basal area from 0 - 30 m2 ha-1, were assessed each season in the second year for standing biomass, soil fertility and pasture quality; expressed by nitrogen content and dry matter digestibility. Pasture floristics were measured using the dry-weight-rank method. These additional plots were chosen to be as representative of the paddocks as possible. Over the two years that productivity was measured, it was found to be higher under trees than in the open. This was predominantly due to higher winter and spring growth within treed plots. Grazing offtake was also found to be higher under trees, partly accounting for lower standing biomass found in the treed plots. Wind run, evapotranspiration and photosynthetically active radiation were all reduced by the presence of trees. Beneficial effects of shelter from winds may largely explain the higher productivity observed in the treed plots, and could outweigh negative effects of below ground competition and radiation interception by tree canopies at low to moderate tree densities. Soil moisture was not affected by the presence of trees. Soil fertility also did not differ between treed and open plots nor was there any difference in pasture nitrogen content or dry matter digestibility. On the sites where soils were derived from sedimentary rocks, pasture floristics were found to be related to tree basal area. Themeda ausfralis biomass was negatively related to tree basal area, and was partially replaced by large tussock species such as Poa sieberiana and Chionochloa pallida. A reduction of pasture quality resulted, particularly as the latter species is not grazed to any significant extent. Given the desirability of having deep rooted perennial components in grazing lands, the results of this study indicate that it may be possible to utilise trees to assist in preventing or reducing a range of adverse environmental consequences arising from agricultural activities, without unduly compromising pasture productivity. Additionally, the wide range of environmental conditions provided by a mix of treed and open pasture promotes a higher degree of heterogeneity of the herbaceous layer. This may assist in maintaining productivity over a greater range of climatic conditions than would be the case with a more homogeneous pasture.

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Yang, Gao. "A Limited Review on the Condition of Multicultural Art Education over the Past Decade". Digital Archive @ GSU, 2006. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/art_design_theses/10.

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The articles that recorded multicultural art lessons in the US P-12 classrooms in School Arts during the past decade revealed the condition of US multicultural art education from three aspects. First, the teachers’ interest in multiculturalism has been stable in the past decade. Second, the lessons covered multiple cultures unequally. Among pluralistic US cultures, Native American culture was favored while Asian-American, Arab-American, and Muslim-American cultures were neglected. Among global cultures, Mexican and African cultures were represented most often. Only 12.4% of world countries were represented. Third, most multicultural art projects were stereotyped, though some innovative projects emerged. Many art teachers selected cultural content to teach based on classroom population and local culture. The art teachers tended to teach the meanings of US ethnic cultures better than global cultures. The alteration of cultural materials and techniques caused the loss or change of cultural meanings.

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Toda, Egidio Shizuo. "A arte sacra de Cláudio Pastro na Basílica de Aparecida e sua contemporaneidade: história, cultura e leitura de suas obras". Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2013. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/1874.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:42:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Egidio Shizuo Toda.pdf: 3699419 bytes, checksum: 1d7c07fc160109f621d6f57841d58978 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-05
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This paper discusses the importance of the work of art in the environment sacrum, as relevant instrument of religious education inside the Basilica of Our Lady of Aparecida, the largest Catholic church in Brazil and the second largest in the world. It is the study of the process of communication and media by the artist Claudio Pastro, responsible for the implementation of the Basilica´s sacred art and visual, to reach the general public nowadays. On how the artist creates this aesthetic communication, linking all parts of this building with monumental dimension by imposing its unique and current style. With a language developed in studies abroad and influences in the past, the artist seeks in the sacred art the teachings of the liturgy, and reaches people of all ages, social classes and culture. The analysis of the work - The Sacrificial Lamb , is supported by specialists of art and religious art,. allowing to deduce which proposed the artist and with which profundity he is involved in the mystery of the sacred.
O presente trabalho aborda a importância da obra de arte no ambiente sacro, como relevante instrumento de educação religiosa no interior da Basílica de Nossa Senhora de Aparecida, o maior templo católico do Brasil e o segundo maior do mundo. Trata-se do estudo sobre processo de comunicação e mídia do artista Cláudio Pastro, responsável pela execução da arte sacra e visual da Basílica, para atingir o grande público na contemporaneidade. Como o artista cria esta comunicação estética, unindo todas as partes deste edifício de dimensão monumental, impondo seu estilo único e atual. Com uma linguagem desenvolvida em estudos no exterior e influências no passado, o artista busca na arte sacra os ensinamentos da liturgia e atinge povos de todas as idades, classes sociais e cultura. A análise de uma obra O Cordeiro Imolado , está apoiada por estudiosos de arte e arte religiosa, permitindo depreender a que se propôs o artista e com que profundidade se envolve no mistério do sagrado.

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Picker, Hanns-Christoph. "Pastor doctus : Klerikerbild und karolingische Reformen bei Hrabanus Maurus /". Mainz : P. von Zabern, 2001. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb377185002.

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15

au, k. pearce@murdoch edu y Kelly L. Pearce. "Carcass and eating quality of sheep grazing saltbush based saline pasture systems". Murdoch University, 2006. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20070516.95025.

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Forage halophytes such as saltbush (Atriplex spp) are being widely used to revegetate Australian saline land and can also provide a medium quality fodder source. There is widespread anecdotal evidence that sheep grazing on saltbush are leaner, tastier and juicer. This thesis investigated the potential to produce a high quality carcass with improved eating quality from grazing sheep on saltbush on saline land. The first experimental chapter in this thesis details an animal house experiment investigating the carcass, eating and wool quality and physiological responses of sheep ingesting a 60:40 dried saltbush (Atriplex nummularia):barley grain (S+B), ration verses a 33:25:42 lupin grain:barley grain:oaten hay ration (Control, C) for 10 weeks prior to commercial slaughter (Chapter 4). Subsequently, two field experiments were conducted to examine the effects of grazing saltbush on saline land compared to dry senesced pasture on carcass and eating quality of lambs (Goomalling 2003) and hoggets (Wickepin 2004) (both chapter 6) for 14 weeks. Both chapters demonstrated that the ingestion of saltbush resulted in significantly less fat and in the 2 field experiments the ingestion of saltbush resulted in more lean on the carcass compared to sheep grazing a stubble/pasture (control) ration. These are positive findings for processors as costs of fat denudation are high so the lower the fat content and for farmers because less fat is deposited on the carcass per unit of liveweight gain. The decreased deposition of fat was attributed to the higher protein:energy ratio available for production, secondary compounds in saltbush and lower circulating insulin and higher growth hormone of the S+B fed sheep compared to the control fed sheep. Further work is needed to determine if these beneficial improvements in carcass composition can be achieved without compromising animal production. The long term grazing of saltbush did not result in commercially desirable hot carcass weights unless the sheep were supplemented with a high energy source such as barley. The low growth rates are attributed to a decreased availability of energy substrates, low feed intake and increased energy output of sheep fed high salt diets. The low energy intake of the S+B fed sheep also resulted in an a significantly lower percentage of unsaturated fat and unchanged levels of saturated fat in the fat depots compared to the C treatment. Consumer taste tests conducted on meat from experiments in both chapter 4 and 6 indicated no difference between the treatments for any of the eating quality traits assessed. This can be considered a positive result as sheep can be finished on saltbush without any detriment to eating quality. High vitamin E levels in the meat may have also prevented the development of rancid flavours and aroma. It can be speculated that saltbush does not impart beneficial flavour and aroma volatiles as previously thought; instead the high vitamin E levels inhibit off-flavour and aroma development compared to meat from sheep grazed on dry pasture. The long term ingestion of saltbush also resulted in significantly lower urine specific gravity (USG), muscle dry matter and higher urine weights suggesting that the saltbush fed sheep had a better hydration status compared to control fed sheep. However, this finding did not correspond with higher hot carcass weight or dressing percentages. The increases in muscle fluid content of the saltbush fed sheep were attributed to changes in body composition. The saltbush fed sheep had a higher lean and lower fat content which corresponded with a greater body fluid content as found in the animal house study. Under conditions where the body composition of sheep remains the same, the use of short term strategic feeding of components of saltbush was investigated (mimicked in the form of salt and betaine) to reduce dehydration and subsequent reductions in carcass weight and dressing percentages (Chapter 7). Salt and or betaine were fed for 1 week either prior to a 48 h period of water deprivation or prior to 48 h commercial slaughter process where water was available in lairage from 24-48 h. Under both scenarios the diets did not result in improved dressing percentages, hot carcass weights, muscle dry matter or muscle weights. The ingestion of high salt diet prior to slaughter, did increase fluid retention in the extracellular spaces prior to slaughter however by 48 h both groups were at a similar physiological and therefore similar hydration status. Therefore similar levels of fluid were present in the muscles and no difference in carcass weight or dressing percentage could be expected. An important observation from the second experiment was that the high salt group drunk more water than the low salt fed sheep but the low salt group consumed fluid in lairage also. The low salt fed sheep may have been encouraged to drink water after observing the frequent drinking patterns of the high salt group. This thesis has also shown that saltbush contains high levels of vitamin E (á-tocopherol) (193 mg/kg dry matter). As a result the concentration of á-tocopherol in plasma, liver and muscle of the saltbush fed sheep was elevated compared to those grazing dry pasture. The high muscle concentrations of vitamin E in the saltbush-grazed sheep resulted in improved meat colour stability. The high vitamin E levels did not influence the drip and cooking loss of the meat despite a decrease in the muscle dry matter of the meat. The browning of meat and increased drip loss results in large losses to the meat industry due to value deterioration at the supermarket. There is also great potential for the high vitamin E content in saltbush to be used for the prevention of nutritional myopathy instead of using expensive and labour intensive synthetic supplements. In conclusion, this thesis has provided an insight into the carcass and eating quality of sheep grazed on saltbush based saline pasture systems. The most significant findings were that

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Pearce, Kelly Lynne. "Carcass and eating quality of sheep grazing saltbush based saline pasture systems /". Access via Murdoch University Digital Theses Project, 2006. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20070516.95025.

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Mills, Annamaria. "Understanding constraints to cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.) based pasture production". Phd thesis, Lincoln University. Agriculture and Life Sciences Division, 2007. http://theses.lincoln.ac.nz/public/adt-NZLIU20070717.161658/.

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This research examined the mechanisms by which temperature, water availability and nitrogen (N) affect the dry matter (DM) yield potential of cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.) dominant pastures. The experiment was a split plot design with main plots of fully irrigated (I) or dryland (D), sub-plots of N fertiliser at 800 kg N/ha in 2003/04; and 1600 kg N/ha in 2004/05 (+N) or 0 kg N/ha (-N). The potential environmental yield of an established 8 year old cocksfoot dominant pasture was 21.9 t DM/ha/y from I+N pastures compared with 9.8 t DM/ha by I-N pastures and 15.1 t DM/ha/y by D+N pastures. The lowest yields were from dryland pastures with no N which produced 7.5 t DM/ha/y in 2003/03 and 5.0 t DM/ha/y in 2004/05. The effect of seasonal temperatures on the DM production, when periods of water stress were excluded, was quantified using thermal time accumulated above a base temperature of 3°C as 7.0 kg DM/°Cd/ha for N fertilised pastures and 3.3 kg DM/°Cd/ha for pastures with no N. The 2.5 t DM/ha difference in yields of D-N pastures in 2003/04 and 2004/05 was the result of the duration, extent and timing of the water stress period. In both years the critical limiting deficit (DL) was calculated as 78 mm from the soil moisture deficit in the 0-0.8 m soil layers. Beyond DL yield decreased at a rate of 1.45%/mm in +N and N pastures, relative to fully irrigated control pastures. Yields of D+N and D-N pastures were similar during periods of water stress with 0.4±0.1 t/DM/ha produced during the rotation ending 30/12/2003. This was less than from either the I-N (1.2 t DM/ha) or I+N (3.5 t DM/ha) pastures due to the reduction in the amount of photosynthetically active radiation intercepted by the canopies of the dryland pastures. However, in the rotation ending 2/5/2004, after autumn rain alleviated drought conditions, yield of the D+N pasture was 2.1 t DM/ha compared with 1.7 t DM/ha by I+N pastures. The effect of N on yield was described using a nutrition index which showed that as DM yield increased N% in the herbage declined. This is a function of the ratio between metabolic and structural N requirements rather than caused by ontogeny alone. Specific leaf N was determined at two harvests and appeared constant at a given point in time (1.0-1.6 g N/m² leaf). In contrast, specific pseudostem N increased from 0.8-1.0 g N/m² pseudostem at an NNI of 0.4 in N pastures to 2.6-3.0 g N/m² pseudostem at an NNI of 1.2 in the +N pastures. Differences between the yields of +N and N pastures were caused by differences in radiation use efficiency (RUE) as determined by the linear relationship (R²=0.76) between RUE and the nitrogen nutrition index (NNI). In this thesis, empirical relationships for the effects of temperature, water availability and N were derived and the physiological mechanisms which underlie these descriptions were identified. These relationships provide clear and simple explanations of the effects of environmental variables on the productivity of cocksfoot based pastures which will enhance understanding of the benefits and limitations of cocksfoot, particularly in dryland farming systems.

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Pulido, Juan. "Les Luttes urbaines à Caracas le cas de la Pastora /". Lille 3 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37609090b.

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Tolley, Rebecca. "Review of Drawing on America’s Past: Folk Art, Modernism, and the Index of American Design". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2003. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5717.

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Sangha, Kamaljit Kaur y Kamaljit kaur@jcu edu au. "Evaluation of the effects of tree clearing over time on soil properties, pasture composition and productivity". Central Queensland University. School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, 2003. http://library-resources.cqu.edu.au./thesis/adt-QCQU/public/adt-QCQU20060921.115258.

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Tree clearing is practised for greater beef production and hence monetary gains from grazing systems of central Queensland. The high rates of clearing in the past and even recently (577, 000 ha/yr during 1999-2001) were mainly to develop land for pastures. The sustainability of cleared pasture systems over the long-term is questioned. Three major types of tree communities i.e. Eucalyptus populnea F. Muell., E. melanophloia F. Muell. and Acacia harpophylla F. Muell. ex. Benth. were selected on one property in central Queensland to quantify the impacts of clearing on pasture production and composition, and soil properties. The impacts were measured over time-since-clearing (recent (<5 years), medium (11-13years) and old (>30 years)) in unreplicated cleared pastures in comparison to their replicated uncleared/intact woodland pastures of each tree community. Measures of pasture above-ground biomass production on a single property over time-sinceclearing in cleared systems showed that gains were not sustained over the long-term. The difference in response to clearing between tree communities was evident and important to support the future policy decisions. The impact of clearing on soil properties (physicochemical and biological) was confirmed, and explained the lesser availability of nutrients with time of clearing in cleared pastures. The changes in some soil properties underscored the associated risks and changes in ecosystem functions due to clearing. Less litter was produced at cleared than uncleared pastures, but nutrient release was faster at cleared compared to uncleared systems. The overall effect of clearing in terms of pasture and litter production, and major soil parameters were analysed using multivariate analyses.

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Hatfield, Kevin Dean. ""We were not tramp sheepmen" : resistance and identity in the Oregon Basque community, accustomed range rights, and the Taylor Grazing Act, 1890-1955 /". view abstract or download file of text, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3095251.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2003.
Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 459-492). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.

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22

Solis, Pavel Bautista. "'Are we learning?' : strengthening local people's capacities to facilitate the recuperation of degraded pasture lands in Central America". Thesis, Bangor University, 2012. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/are-we-learning--strengthening-local-peoples-capacities-to-facilitate-the-recuperation-of-degraded-pasture-lands-in-central-america(de5ccb77-2e16-485f-ab76-a8fafbbe3911).html.

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This thesis describes and assesses the impact of a participatory learning and experimentation process based on the livestock Farmer Field Schools (FFS) approach in Central America. Several organizations have devoted efforts to generating technological improvements for livestock production, such as the implementation of silvopastoral systems (SPS) and intensive livestock practices including silage and hay. However, despite material investments in research and extension for promoting their use, the adoption of those technologies remains limited. In consequence, the livelihoods of farmers and the environmental sustainability of cattle production are compromised, causing negative effects such as contamination of water, degradation of pastures and soils, and poverty. From 2003 to 2008 farmers, local organizations related to livestock production and CA TIE formed an alliance and participated in a regional Degraded Pastures Programme (DEPAPRO). The aim of DEPAPRO was to strengthen livestock stakeholders' capacities for implementing environmentally beneficial livestock production. Mixed methods (quantitative, qualitative and participatory) were combined in three main research stages during fieldwork: (i) FFS documentation; (ii) participatory technology analysis; and (iii) FFS impact assessment. Most of results were structured using the Sustainable Livelihood Approach (SLA); and Community Capitals Framework (CCF). The main effect of DEPAPRO for the stakeholders that participated in the FFS was the strengthening of human capital. Specifically, the stakeholders displayed greater technical knowledge about some intensive and silvopastoral technologies; and methodological skills for organizing FFS. Farmers preferred practices such as improved pastures and live fences because they provided several beneficial impacts, require simple management and were more adaptable to their livelihoods. Analyses showed that further efforts for facilitating the implementation of sustainable livestock production systems are needed. The latter should include the strengthening of assets that have not usually been addressed in agroforestry and rural development projects: namely social and political capitals. Moreover, a search of strategies for creating a supportive policy environment; and mechanisms for funding FFS and the establishment of better practices are also necessary.

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23

Chevalier-Menu, Aurélia. "Comment concevoir un protocole d'application des technologies laser et nanogels pour la conservation/restauration des peintures sur toile". Phd thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure d'arts et métiers - ENSAM, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00563478.

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La recherche en conservation justifie et nécessite la mise en commun de compétences différentes et complémentaires. Un protocole innovant intégrant les lasers et les nanogels a été élaboré pour la conservation-restauration d'œuvres peintes sur toile. Cette recherche s'appuie sur l'expertise de chimistes, de physiciens associés aux historiens d'art et aux restaurateurs. Une telle démarche bouleverse à terme les pratiques des restaurateurs et engage la profession dans une nouvelle perspective de modèle industriel. C'est pourquoi, l'apport du LCPI de l'ENSAM fut déterminant pour proposer une méthode d'intégration des technologies innovantes à un métier caractérisé jusqu'alors par une tradition ancestrale de transmission de techniques héritées des pratiques artistiques. Le mémoire s'articule en cinq parties qui abordent les différents aspects de la problématique de recherche. Dans un premier temps, une recherche documentaire fait le constat de l'état du métier de restaurateur de peintures, en décrivant au fil des siècles comment tout d'abord se sont constituées les collections nationales avec une conscience de l'émergence d'un patrimoine collectif. Concomitamment et naturellement des questions de conservation-restauration se sont alors posées, à l'origine même du métier de restaurateur. Dans une seconde partie, la problématique de la thèse est décrite, aboutissement d'une réflexion sur les moyens traditionnels pour dégager les adhésifs de rentoilage. L'hypothèse fut énoncée que les lasers et les nanogels devraient pouvoir remplacer à terme les méthodes mécaniques (scalpel) et chimiques (gels classiques). La troisième partie s'attelle donc à mettre en place le modèle méthodologique, définir un plan d'expériences s'appuyant sur une connaissance des interactions laser-matière et des effets des gels chimiques sur les différents adhésifs testés. La quatrième partie présente alors les résultats des expérimentations et propose une interprétation dont on cherche la validation par diverses méthodes comme l'interférométrie holographique. La cinquième partie est un essai de synthèse de la recherche et propose une méthodologie nouvelle basée sur un modèle scientifique pour parfaire l'élimination des adhésifs des supports-toile. Au sein d'une démarche " métiers ", la méthode intègre les différents paramètres et les différentes contraintes de la pratique des restaurateurs pour concevoir une approche nouvelle en mettant en œuvre des procédés innovants. Une telle recherche doit aboutir à la mise en place d'un protocole contrôlé et reproductible, basé sur une automatisation mettant en œuvre la réalité augmentée. Cette méthodologie soucieuse de l'environnement et du développement durable ne néglige pas l'expérience de l'œil des praticiens

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Klein, Alysia Anne. "History Says". Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1556277825492802.

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Gilsoul, Nicolas. "L'architecture emotionnelle au service du projet etude du fonctionnement des mecanismes scenographiques dans l'". Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2009. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00005540.

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Cette recherche questionne les mécanismes scénographiques de l'Architecture émotionnelle au niveau de leur conception (ambiantale, spatio-temporelle) et de leur perception (érosion, métamorphoses). Concentrée sur sept oeuvres mexicaines de Luis Barragan (entre 1940 et 1980), elle interroge la pertinence d'un héritage des principes de composition et du processus de conception de l'Architecture émotionnelle pour un projet contemporain alternatif. L'hypothèse générale est que pour travailler sur les émotions du visiteur, l'Architecture émotionnelle s'assure de sa participation consciente et inconsciente, le transforme en acteur en anticipant (provoquant) ses mouvements et lui offre un territoire de liberté. Deux questions se posent alors : 1) quelles sont les modalités spatiales de l'implication sensible du visiteur ? 2) dans quelle mesure le scénario processionnel imaginé par Barragan fonctionne-t-il toujours aujourd'hui et pourquoi ? Les résultats de la recherche sont triples. Au niveau théorique, ils contribuent d'une part à la connaissance de l'œuvre de Luis Barragan et d'autre part à la problématique de la conception et de la perception des ambiances. Au niveau pratique, ils révèlent des principes de composition scénographique et établissent une typologie d'ambiants qui constitueront une aide à la conception afin de mieux intégrer l'homme dans sa dimension sensible dans un projet futur alternatif.

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26

Guerreiro, Mario. "A new dawn a seminar for pastors on how to relate to newcomers who are members of a minority group /". Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2004. http://www.tren.com.

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27

Walker, J. Ward. "The Relationship of Continuing Professional Education and Pastoral Tenure Among Southern Baptist Pastors". Thesis, North Texas State University, 1986. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc330599/.

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This study examined the relationship between the continuing professional education practices of Southern Baptist pastors and their tenure in their pastoral positions. A survey questionnaire was designed to collect data about the pastors' continuing education and pastoral tenure. A stratified sample of 500 pastors was selected from the 36,235 Southern Baptist churches according to church membership. A total of 217 (43 percent) of the questionnaires was returned and used in the data analysis. Thirty percent of the pastors reported spending no days in continuing education during the past year. Sixty-two percent spent five days or more in continuing professional education. Tenure was not significantly linked to continuing education among the pastors. A personal perception of ministerial competency was positively related to continuing education. The majority of pastors felt accountable to God and themselves in terms of their competency. They strongly resisted any move toward certification or accreditation. The majority of the pastors did not view mobility as an alternative to becoming involved in continuing education. However, the reasons reported for mobility could be interpreted as needs assessment addressed by professional growth. A majority of the pastors strongly agreed that a basic seminary education did not alone prepare a minister for the pastorate. In addition, they were personally committed to being lifelong learners. However, only a small minority had developed a personal strategy for continuing education for the coming year. Neither part-time nor full-time work status nor past formal education influenced the amount of days spent in continuing education. The level of formal education did increase the pastors' commitment to being "lifelong learners." However, there seemed to be missing links between the following: 1) formal ministerial preparation and continuing professional development, 2) mobility and needs assessment, 3) competency and accountability, and 4) a commitment to lifelong learning and a practical strategy for continuing education.

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28

Womack, John H. "What is the call to ministry? with insight gathered from a select group of African American pastors who are leading urban congregations /". Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2001. http://www.tren.com.

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Le, boucher Richard. "Génétique de l'utilisation des produits d'origine végétale chez la truite arc-en-ciel (Oncorhynchus mykiss) et le bar européen (Dicentrarchus labrax)". Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00808583.

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Les apports de l'aquaculture représentent aujourd'hui la moitié des produits aquatiques destinés à la consommation humaine. La composition de l'aliment artificiel utilisé en élevage piscicole a fortement évolué ces 30 dernières années. Les produits d'origine végétale terrestre y ont progressivement remplacé les farines et les huiles de poisson lorsque les stocks de pêche minotière utilisés pour leur production se sont rapprochés de leur limite d'exploitation. Toutefois, l'usage exclusif de ces farines et huiles végétales conduit encore à la dégradation de la croissance et de la santé des salmonidés et des poissons marins. Dans le même temps, l'amélioration génétique en pisciculture a permis, depuis 1980, des gains importants sur les caractères de croissance, de santé et de qualité et dispose aujourd'hui de méthodes pour étudier les conséquences de cette profonde transition alimentaire sur les populations actuelles et futures issues des programmes de sélection. En privilégiant la comparaison entre un aliment composé de produits d'origine marine (M) et un aliment entièrement constitué de produits d'origine végétale terrestre (PB), nous avons étudié les voies d'amélioration génétique chez deux espèces majeures du secteur français : le bar européen (Dicentrarchus labrax) et la truite arc-en-ciel (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Dans ce contexte, l'objectif était en particulier d'estimer les héritabilités des caractères d'intérêt et l'importance des interactions génotype-aliment, qui sont à l'origine de reclassement des génotypes en fonction l'aliment utilisé.Les essais réalisés ont confirmés l'effet de la substitution totale sur la croissance et la composition lipidique chez les deux espèces et sur la survie chez le bar. Les héritabilités estimées des poissons nourris avec l'aliment PB pour le poids, la croissance et les paramètres de transformation technologique (rendement carcasse, viscères, tête, filet) sont hautes chez la truite (respectivement 0,69 ; 0,65 ; 0,21-0,58) et modérées chez le bar (respectivement 0,18 et 0,11). Pour ces caractères, les interactions génotype-aliment sont modérées et les corrélations génétiques estimées entre les aliments M et PB sont élevées chez la truite (respectivement 0,90 ; 0,92 ; 0,65-0,96) et chez le bar (respectivement 0,96 ; 0,64). Les gains génétique attendus sont plus élevés avec l'aliment PB qu'avec l'aliment M chez la truite tandis qu'ils sont plus faible chez le bar. La mesure de la réponse à la sélection pour une aptitude à grandir et à survivre en utilisant l'aliment PB a confirmé des gains élevés pour le poids (+35%), la survie (+15,1%) et la biomasse produite (+54,4%) sans impact sur les paramètres de transformation technologique (carcasse, viscères, tête, filet). Les essais réalisés ont confirmé que cette meilleure aptitude était liée à des modifications de l'activité du métabolisme lipidique mais n'ont pas permis de conclure à des liens avec l'ingéré et efficacité alimentaire.Les plus fortes mortalités et le plus faible poids des lots PB durant les jours qui suivent les premières prises alimentaires ainsi que les reclassements familiaux plus importants en début de cycle de vie indiquent que les stades précoces ont une place prépondérante dans l'utilisation de l'aliment d'origine végétale aux niveaux phénotypique et génétique et devront être approfondis.A la vue des résultats obtenus, il semble donc possible d'exploiter la grande plasticité de certaines espèces de poissons pour concevoir des programmes de sélection prenant en compte l'évolution des environnements de production. La limitation mondiale des ressources alimentaire confronte les élevages à des modifications rapides de l'aliment et l'amélioration génétique des cheptels peut aider à faciliter ces transitions alimentaires.

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Verrier, Eloi. "Bases génétiques de la résistance aux rhabdovirus et réponse cellulaire chez la truite arc-en-ciel : importance des mécanismes de défense innés". Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00914894.

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La truite arc-en-ciel (Oncorhynchus mykiss), espèce d'élevage majeure en Europe et notamment en France, est l'une des espèces de poisson les mieux connues dans un grand nombre de domaines, y compris l'immunologie. Les virus qui l'infectent ont aussi été bien caractérisés, en particulier deux Novirhabdovirus, le virus de la septicémie hémorragique virale (VSHV) et le virus de la nécrose hématopoïétique infectieuse (VNHI), tous deux connus pour provoquer des pertes importantes dans les élevages aquacoles. Quelques travaux, conduits notamment à l'INRA, ont mis en évidence l'existence d'une variabilité génétique de la résistance à ces infections chez la truite (Quillet et al., 2007). Une approche combinant analyse génétique et étude des réponses cellulaires a été développée pour tenter de mieux caractériser la réponse de la truite contre le VSHV. L'objectif est de développer des outils d'amélioration de la santé dans les élevages piscicoles et de mieux comprendre les mécanismes de résistance antivirale chez les vertébrés. Tout d'abord, une démarche de cartographie de QTL (quantitative trait locus) a permis de détecter un QTL majeur de résistance au VSHV dans la région télomérique du groupe de liaison 31 de la truite arc-en-ciel. Ce QTL contrôle la survie des poissons et la croissance in vitro du virus sur explants de nageoire (VREFT), ce qui suggère fortement l'implication de mécanismes innés dans la résistance. Le QTL est retrouvé dans des croisements impliquant des reproducteurs de résistance variée, et peut expliquer jusqu'à 65% (survie) et 49% (VREFT) de la variance phénotypique observée. Enfin, l'effet du QTL est conservé quel que soit le mode d'infection employé (balnéation ou injection intrapéritonéale), suggérant que la résistance n'est pas liée à des particularités des tissus superficiels (peau, mucus), premiers sites de contact entre le virus et son hôte. En parallèle, des lignées cellulaires ont été dérivées à partir d'ovaires de truites appartenant à des lignées isogéniques présentant des niveaux de résistance variable à l'infection par le VSHV. Une corrélation remarquable est observée entre la résistance à l'infection des lignées cellulaires et la survie des poissons dont elles sont issues, confirmant définitivement le rôle déterminant de mécanismes innés dans la résistance. Ce modèle cellulaire a également permis de montrer que le contrôle précoce de la prolifération virale était une étape clé de la résistance. Le parallélisme entre résistance in vitro et in vivo semble conservé lors de l'infection par un second rhabdovirus, le VNHI, bien qu'aucune corrélation dans la résistance à ces deux infections n'ait été observée dans cette étude. Par ailleurs, le QTL à effet fort identifié pour la résistance au VSHV ne joue pas un rôle majeur dans la variabilité de résistance au VNHI. Ceci suggère que, même si ils concourent à l'activation de voies de signalisation communes, les facteurs clés de la résistance aux deux virus sont différents, et leur expression contrôlée par des zones génomiques distinctes. Les résultats obtenus dans cette étude ont permis de démontrer sans équivoque le rôle clé des mécanismes innés dans la résistance de la truite à l'un de ses principaux virus, et l'existence d'une forte variabilité génétique sous-tendant l'expression des facteurs impliqués. En proposant des bases nouvelles pour aborder l'analyse des interactions hôte-virus chez la truite, ils ouvrent la voie à la découverte de mécanismes potentiellement nouveaux dans la réponse des poissons à ces infections et à une meilleure compréhension de ces mécanismes chez les vertébrés.

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31

Sounness, Marcus Neil. "Alternative grazing systems and pasture types for the South West of Western Australia : a bio-economic analysis". University of Western Australia. School of Agricultural and Resource Economics, 2005. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2005.0054.

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Alternative grazing systems and pasture types for wool production in the south west of Western Australia were analysed using bio-economic modelling techniques in order to determine their relative productivity and profitability. After reviewing the experimental and modelling literature on perennial pastures and grazing systems, seven case studies of farmers were conducted in order to investigate the practical application of innovative grazing systems and use of perennial pastures. Together these case studies provided information for identifying relevant variables and for calibrating the modelling work which followed. The core of the work lies in a bio-economic model for investigating the comparative value of the three grazing systems and two pasture families mentioned above. A baseline scenario using currently available and reliable scientific data provides baseline results, after which a number of sensitivity analyses provide further insights using variations of four key parameters: persistence, heterogeneity, water soluble carbohydrates, and increased losses. Results show that perennial pastures are in the studied region more profitable than annual pastures. Under current baseline conditions, continuous grazing with perennial pastures is the most profitable enterprise, but this superiority is not robust under parameter variations defined by other scenarios. The more robust solution in terms of enterprise profitability is cell grazing with perennial pastures. The results indicate that intensive grazing systems such as cell grazing have the potential to substantially increase the profitability of grazing operations on perennial pasture. This result is an encouraging one in light of its implications for water uptake and salinity control. It means that economics and land care can go hand in hand, rather than be competitive. It is to be noted that it is the choice of the grazing system in combination with the pasture species, rather then the pasture species itself, that allows for such complementarity between economics and sustainable land use. This research shows that if farmers adopt practices such as cell grazing they may be able to increase the area that they can profitably plant to perennial pasture thus reducing the impacts of dryland salinity. This finding is consistent with the findings of the case studies where the farmers perceived that, provided grazing was planned, increasing the intensity of their grazing management and the perenniallity of their pastures would result in an increase in the profitability of their grazing operation. As a result this research helps to bridge a gap which has existed in this area of research, between the results of scientific research and those reported in practice.

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32

au, kemanthi@murdoch edu y Kemanthi Gayathri Nandasena. "Rapid Evolution of Diversity in the Root Nodule Bactria of Biserrula Pelecinus L". Murdoch University, 2004. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20050601.190845.

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Biserrula pelecinus L. has been introduced to Australia from the Mediterranean region, in the last decade due to many attractive agronomic features. This deep rooted, hard seeded, acid tolerant and insect resistant legume species provides high quality food for cattle and sheep, and grows well under the harsh edaphic and environmental conditions of Australia. In 1994, B. pelecinus was introduced to a site in Northam, Western Australia where there were no native rhizobia capable of nodulating this legume. The introduced plants were inoculated with a single inoculant strain of Mesorhizobium sp., WSM1271. This study investigated whether a diversity of rhizobia emerged over time. A second objective was to investigate the possible mechanisms involved in the diversification of rhizobia able to nodulate B. pelecinus. Eighty eight isolates of rhizobia were obtained from nodules on B. pelecinus growing at the Northam site in August 2000, six years after introduction. These plants were self-regenerating offspring from the original seeds sown. Molecular fingerprinting PCR with RPO1 and ERIC primers revealed that seven strains (novel isolates) had banding patterns distinct from WSM1271 while 81 strains had similar banding patterns to WSM1271. A 1400 bp internal fragment of the 16S rRNA gene was amplified and sequenced for four of the novel isolates (N17, N18, N45 and N87) and WSM1271. The phylogenetic tree developed using these sequences clustered the novel isolates in Mesorhizobium. There were >6 nucleotide mismatches between three of the novel isolates (N17, N18, N87) and WSM1271 while there were 23 nucleotide mismatches between N45 and WSM1271. When B. pelecinus cv. Casbah was inoculated with the novel isolates, five (N17, N18, N39, N46 and N87) yielded <40% of the shoot dry weight of the plants inoculated with the original inoculant (WSM1271). Novel isolates N15 and N45 were completely ineffective on B. pelecinus cv. Casbah. Physiological experiments to test the ability of the novel isolates and WSM1271 to grow on 14 different carbon sources (N acetyl glucosamine, arabinose, arbutine, dulcitol, β-gentiobiose, lactose, maltose, melibiose, D-raffinose, saccharose, L-sorbose, D-tagatose, trehalose and D-turanose) as the sole source of carbon, intrinsic resistance to eight different antibiotics (ampicillin, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, kanamycin, nalidixic acid, spectinomycin, streptomycin and tetracycline) and pH tolerance (pH 4.5, 5.0, 7.0, 9.0) revealed that the novel isolates had significantly different carbon source utilization patterns to WSM1271. However, pH tolerance and intrinsic resistance to antibiotics were similar between the novel isolates and WSM1271 except for streptomycin (100 μg/ml). Novel isolates N17, N18, N46 and N87 were susceptible for this antibiotic while the other novel isolates and WSM1271 were resistant. Host range experiments were performed for the novel isolates N17, N18, N45, N87, WSM1271 and two other root nodule bacteria (RNB) previously isolated from B. pelecinus growing in the Mediterranean region (WSM1284 and WSM1497) for twenty one legumes (Amorpha fruticosa, Astragalus adsurgens, Astragalus membranaceus, Astragalus sinicus, Biserrula pelecinus cv Casbah, Dorycnium hirsutum, Dorycnium rectum, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Hedysarum spinosissimum, Leucaena leucocephala, Lotus corniculatus, Lotus edulis, Lotus glaber, Lotus maroccanus, Lotus ornithopodioides, Lotus parviflorus, Lotus pedunculatus, Lotus peregrinus, Lotus subbiflorus, Macroptilium atropurpureum, and Ornithopus sativus). Only isolate N17 have the same host range as WSM1271 in that they both nodulated B. pelecinus and A. membranaceus, while the other three novel isolates, WSM1284 and WSM1497 had a broader host range than WSM1271. Three isolates N18, N45 and N87 formed small white nodules on M. atropurpureum, in addition to nodulating the above hosts. Isolates N18 and N45 also nodulated A. adsurgens while N45 was the only isolate to nodulate L. edulis. Isolate N87 was the only isolate to nodulate A. fruticosa. WSM1497 nodulated A. adsurgens, A. membranaceus, B. pelecinus and L. corniculatus while WSM1284 was a promiscuous strain that nodulated 16 host species out of the 21 tested. A 710 bp internal region of nifH, a 567 bp internal region of nodA and a 1044 bp internal region of intS were sequenced for N17, N18, N45, N87 and WSM1271. The sequence comparison showed that the sequences of the above three genes of the four novel isolates were identical to that of WSM1271. Eckhardt gel electrophoresis revealed that WSM1271, three other RNB isolates from B. pelecinus from the Mediterranean region and isolate N18 each have a plasmid of approximately 500 kb while N17, N45 and N87 are plasmid free. Probing of the plasmid DNA from the Eckhardt gel with nifH and nodA probes indicated that these two genes were not located on the plasmid. Furthermore, the results of this study demonstrated that 92% of the nodules on B. pelecinus growing in the Northam site six years after the introduction of this plant were occupied by the inoculant strain and the N2 fixation efficiency of the progeny strains of WSM1271 remain similar to the mother culture. This study also showed that the carbon source utilization pattern, intrinsic antibiotic resistance and pH range of the progeny strains of WSM1271 remain relatively similar, except for few variations in carbon source utilization patterns. This thesis clearly demonstrated that phenotypicaly, genetically and phylogenetically diverse strains capable nodulating B. pelecinus evolved through symbiotic gene transfer from the inoculant strain to other soil bacteria within six years. The presence of intS, and the evidence of gene transfer between these Mesorhizobium strains indicates that transfer of symbiotic genes may have occurred via a symbiosis island present in WSM1271.

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33

Schneider, Athanasius. ""Propter sanctam Ecclesiam tuam" : die Kirche als Geschöpf, Frau und Bau im Bussunterricht des "Pastor Hermae /". Roma : Institutum patristicum Augustinianum, 1999. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39030238g.

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34

Powell, Norma Lynne. "A Discovery of the Extent that Associate Ministers in Tennessee are Utilized by their Senior Pastors in the Spiritual Development of Church Members". Ashland Theological Seminary / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=atssem1588356070111511.

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35

Shattuck, David. "Cities Beyond". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2007. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3614/.

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36

Desmaison, Olivier. "Modélisation numérique d'un procédé de soudage hybride arc / laser en approche level set : application au soudage multi-passes de tôles d'acier de forte épaisseur". Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00982377.

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Le soudage hybride arc / laser représente une solution adéquate à l'assemblage de tôles d'acier de forte épaisseur. La présence d'une source laser en amont de la torche MIG permet d'accroître la productivité du procédé tout en assurant une excellente qualité de la soudure. Cependant la phénoménologie complexe de ce procédé multiphysique n'est pas encore totalement maîtrisée, ce qui motive le développement d'outils de simulation numérique. La présente étude s'est déroulée dans le cadre d'un projet multipartenaires "SISHYFE" (ANR Matériaux et Procédés).Dans ce but un modèle éléments finis 3D non stationnaire a été développé. Construit à partir de l'approche level set, il est en mesure de simuler un procédé multi-passes de soudage hybride arc / laser. Il a été développé autour de quatre principaux axes. (1) Une modélisation plus réaliste de l'apport de chaleur a conduit à la définition d'un nouveau modèle basé sur le rayonnement thermique pour décrire la source MIG. (2) Grâce au couplage entre l'intégration de termes source de matière et de chaleur dans les équations de conservation et l'actualisation de l'interface gaz / métal, le modèle proposé est capable de simuler le développement d'un cordon de soudure. (3) L'intégration d'une modélisation des écoulements du bain de fusion dans une approche level set a été évaluée et son impact sur la distribution thermique dans le métal analysé. (4) La simulation de la formation des contraintes pendant et après soudage a été possible grâce à l'adaptation d'un solveur thermomécanique.La modélisation finale a permis de simuler une configuration industrielle de soudage hybride arc / laser multi-passes. Des mesures expérimentales effectuées par les partenaires du projet "SISHYFE" ont été utilisées afin d'évaluer le modèle et d'éprouver sa capacité à reproduire l'expérience.

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37

Ly, Michel. "Etude des fils électrodes pour l'usinage par étincelage érosif". Paris, ENMP, 2005. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00705214.

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Il s'agit de relier l’avantage en termes de vitesse d’usinage, que procurent des revetements complexes de phases du systeme cuivre zinc oxygene sur les fils-electrodes de laiton, a la thermodynamique de l’arc electrique. Il apparait que les fils revetus usinent plus vite que les fils nus, pour la meme intensite, et ce malgre une tension d’arc plus faible. Les tensions d’arc moyennes de differents fils, employes en polarite negative, ont ete mesurees, comparees aux donnees bibliographiques, et modelisees. La tension d'arc d'une cathode est d’autant plus faible que la pression de vapeurs metalliques qu’elle genere est elevee. Une faible chute de potentiel a la cathode limite son echauffement, donc son erosion. Une pression elevee pendant l’arc permet d’ejecter une plus grande proportion de la matiere en fusion presente a la surface des electrodes a la fin de l'arc d’usinage. Des mesures de pertes de masse sur differents fils electrodes et sur differentes pieces confirment notre these
Zinc coated electrical discharge machining wires have a cutting speed advantage over plain brass wires. This advantage has been related to the thermodynamics of the arcs. For the same discharge current, and despite a lower arc voltage, coated wires cut faster than bare ones. Average arc voltages of different wires have been measured, and compared to published values. A thermodynamic model of the cathode has been made. Arc tension decreases as the metallic vapour pressure released by the cathode increases. Lower cathodic arc tensions release less heat, and lead to lower mass loss at said electrode. Higher arc pressures lead to higher molten electrode material ejection at the end of the arc discharges. Mass loss measurements on different wire electrodes and pieces confirm our point of view

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38

Doole, Graeme John. "Value of perennial pasture phases in dryland agricultural systems of the eastern-central wheat belt of Western Australia". University of Western Australia. School of Agricultural and Resource Economics, 2007. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2007.0213.

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Over the past thirty years, price relativities and technological development have motivated an increase in the area of land allocated to cropping, as opposed to pasture production, throughout the central wheat belt of Western Australia. Nevertheless, reducing the proportion of pasture in these rotations has challenged the future productivity of farming systems in this area. First, the frequent application of selective herbicides for weed control in extended cropping rotations has promoted the development of herbicide resistance in a number of major agricultural weeds. Second, the primary use of annual plants has promoted the development of soil salinisation by allowing a significant proportion of rainfall to recharge saline water tables. The inclusion of perennial pasture phases between extended periods of cropping may mitigate or delay these constraints to production through (a) allowing the use of costeffective forms of non-selective weed control, and (b) through creating a buffer of dry soil that absorbs leakage occurring beneath subsequent crops. This study consequently explores the value of including perennial pasture phases in dryland agricultural systems in the eastern-central wheat belt of Western Australia, accounting for benefits related to herbicide resistance and water table management. A novel computational algorithm for the solution of multiple-phase optimal control problems is developed and used to conduct a conceptual analysis of the value of lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) pasture for managing annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaudin), the primary weed in wheat belt cropping systems. The competitiveness and fecundity of annual ryegrass provide strong economic incentives to maintain a low weed population, irrespective of herbicide-resistance status. Consequently, the ineffectiveness of selective herbicides primarily reduces the profitability of cropping by motivating the adoption of more costly non-selective forms of weed control. The inclusion of lucerne in land-use rotations is only optimal in the presence of severe herbicide resistance given (a) the low efficiency of alternative weed-management practices available during the pasture phase, relative to selective-herbicide application; (b) the significant cost of establishing this perennial pasture; and (c) the high relative profitability of cereal production in the absence of resistance. The value of lucerne, relative to annual pastures, for weed management is explored in greater detail through the use of compressed annealing to optimise a sophisticated simulation model. The profitability of candidate rotations is also manipulated to account for the long-term production losses accruing to the recharge of saline groundwaters that occurs beneath them. Sequences incorporating lucerne are only more profitable than those that include annual pasture at the standard set of parameter values if (a) annual ryegrass is resistant to all selective herbicides, (b) the water table is so shallow (approximately less than 3.5 m deep) that frequent rotation with perennials is required to avert soil salinisation, or (c) sheep production is highly profitable. The value of perennial pasture is sufficient under these circumstances to overcome its high establishment cost. Consistent with intuition, these benefits are reinforced by lower discount rates and higher rates of leakage occurring beneath annual-based systems. Formulation of an effective communication strategy to report these results to producers is justified given the complexity involved in determining the true magnitude of these intertemporal benefits through alternative means, such as field trials.

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39

Rohm, Robert A. (Robert Allan). "The Educational Contributions of Dr. W.A. Criswell, Pastor of the First Baptist Church, Dallas, Texas, 1944-1987". Thesis, University of North Texas, 1988. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc331141/.

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Dr. W. A. Criswell is the well known pastor of the twenty-seven thousand member historic First Baptist Church in downtown Dallas, Texas. He has held the position for the past forty-three years. Until now no one has attempted an in-depth study of Criswell's educational contributions to the First Baptist Church (which have also been adopted into the Southern Baptist denomination, America's largest Protestant religious organization). Although Criswell has been the Senior Pastor of the First Baptist Church of Dallas for many years, this was by no means his introduction to the pastorate. In 1928 he was ordained as a seventeen year old minister of the gospel in Amarillo, Texas. He has been a pastor for over sixty years. Criswell has made a lasting impact on the church staff, school staff (Criswell College and First Baptist Academy), students in those schools, the Southern Baptist denomination and also the city of Dallas. He has been one of the key figures in evangelical national movements. Presidents, Vice-Presidents, Senators, and Governors are no strangers to a Sunday morning service held in the large sanctuary in downtown Dallas. Much of the research for this project originated from the Oral Memoirs of W. A. Criswell. a program for oral history done by two professors (Charlton and Spain) from Baylor University. The study begins with a historical review of the setting of the First Baptist Church in 1944 when Criswell came to be pastor. Next there is a review of Criswell's early life that reveal influences which molded his educational philosophies. The body of knowledge is then presented which points out significant events, contributions, institutions and associations provided by Criswell. Finally, seventeen conclusions are drawn from the data presented. The study provides helpful information to pastors, church administrators, seminary students, theological professors and other individuals involved in education and administration.

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40

McCann, Therese Marie. "Art, Artifacts, and Residue: The Space of The Exhibition in Ann Hamiltons indigo blue". The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1529698973965083.

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41

Bouchireb, Khaled. "Amélioration des services vidéo fournis à travers les réseaux radio mobiles". Phd thesis, Paris, Télécom ParisTech, 2010. https://pastel.hal.science/pastel-00006335.

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Cette thèse est dédiée à l'étude des systèmes de communications pour application aux services vidéo fournis par les réseaux radio mobiles. Ce travail met l'accent sur les systèmes point à multipoints et propose plusieurs améliorations : Dans un premier temps, on définit un système qui combine le décodage robuste aux retransmissions ARQ, et ce de telle façon à réduire le nombre de retransmissions tout en gardant le même niveau de qualité. Contrairement aux systèmes actuels (avec ou sans retransmissions), ce systèmes offre également la possibilité de choisir le compromis débit/qualité via un paramètre du système. Par la suite, on considère les sytèmes de transmission d'une vidéo scalable vers plusieurs terminaux. Des extensions des systèmes Go-Back-N (GBN) Automatic Repeat reQuest (ARQ) et Selective Repeat (SR) ARQ sont étudiées et comparées à un nouveau système. On montre que ce dernier limite les besoins de bufferisation au niveau du terminal récepteur tout en ayant des performances optimales (en termes de quantité de données transmises avec succès sur une période donnée). Finalement, on montre que même sous une contrainte débit on peut utiliser les retransmissions dans les communications point à multipoints à condition de ne pas dépasser une certaine limite sur le nombre d'utilisateurs. Si l'utilisation des retransmissions ARQ est introduite dans les sytèmes de Multicast/Broadcast 3GPP et/ou WiMAX, le système pourra garantir une qualité nominale à un certain nombre d'utilisateurs, ce qui n'est pas le cas des systèmes de Multicast/Broadcast actuels
In this thesis, video communication systems are studied for application to video services provided over wireless mobile networks. This work emphasizes on point-to-multipoint communications and proposes many enhancements to the current systems : First, a scheme combining robust decoding with retransmissions is defined so that the number of retransmissions is reduced and the quality of the received video can be controlled. As opposed to current retransmissionless and retransmission-based schemes, this scheme also offers the possibility to trade throughput for quality and vice versa. Then, the transmission of a two-level scalable video sequence towards several clients is considered. Schemes using the basic Go-back-N (GBN) and Selective Repeat (SR) Automatic Repeat reQuest (ARQ) techniques are studied. A new scheme is also proposed and studied. The new scheme reduces the buffering requirement at the receiver end while keeping the performance optimal (in terms of the amount of data successfully transmitted within a given period of time). The different schemes were shown to be applicable to 2G, 3G and WiMAX systems. Finally, we prove that retransmissions can be used in point-to-multipoint communications up to a given limit on the number of receivers (contrary to the current wireless systems where ARQ is only used sin point-to-point communications). If retransmissions are introduced in the current Multicast/Broadcast services (supported by the 3GPP and mobile WiMAX), the system will guarantee a certain amount of receivers to have the nominal quality whereas the current Multicast/Broadcast services do not garantee any receiver of the nominal quality

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42

Lopes, Anne. "Evolution dirigée de deux aminoacyl-ARNt synthétases : Mise en place et applications d'une méthode de 'protein design'". Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003713.

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La conception des protéines ou ‘protein design' a pour but de développer des protéines possédant de nouvelles caractéristiques structurales et/ou fonctionnelles. Le principe consiste à identifier parmi toutes les séquences compatibles avec le repliement d'intérêt, celles qui vont conférer à la protéine, la fonction désirée. La procédure générale est réalisée en deux étapes. La première consiste à calculer une matrice d'énergie contenant les énergies d'interactions entre toutes les paires de résidus de la protéine en autorisant successivement tous les types d'acides aminés dans toutes leurs conformations possibles. La seconde étape, ou ‘phase d'optimisation', consiste à explorer simultanément l'espace des séquences et des conformations afin de déterminer la combinaison optimale d'acides aminés étant donné le repliement de départ. Ensuite, différents filtres peuvent être appliqués pour sélectionner les séquences fonctionnelles (étant donné le repliement d'intérêt) des non fonctionnelles. La première étape a consisté au développement de la procédure de ‘protein design', en particulier, à la mise en place et à l'optimisation de la fonction d'énergie ainsi qu'à l'implémentation de l'algorithme d'optimisation. Nous avons montré que notre procédure est robuste puisqu'elle a fait ses preuves dans des applications très diverses telles que la prédiction de l'orientation des chaînes latérales, la prédiction des changements de stabilité ou d'affinité associés à des mutations ponctuelles, ou encore la production de séquences de type natif pour un jeu de protéines globulaires. Pour l'ensemble de ces applications, la qualité des résultats obtenus est comparable à celle observée chez d'autres groupes. Ensuite, nous avons appliqué notre procédure à des systèmes plus complexes tels que les systèmes protéine:ligand. Nous nous sommes intéressés à l'aspartyl-ARNt synthétase (AspRS) et l'asparaginyl-ARNt synthétase (AsnRS). Ces enzymes jouent un rôle crucial dans la traduction du code génétique. Les synthétases fixent leur acide aminé spécifique sur leur ARNt correspondant établissant ainsi l'intégrité du code génétique. Tout d'abord nous avons réalisé le ‘design' des sites actifs d'AspRS et d'AsnRS en présence de leur ligand natif et non natif afin d'évaluer les performances de notre procédure. La qualité des séquences prédites est comparable à celle observée pour les protéines globulaires entières. Par ailleurs, nous avons montré que notre procédure était sensible à la nature du ligand présent dans la poche. Enfin, nous avons réalisé le ‘design' d'un nombre limité de positions dans le site actif de l'AsnRS de façon à ce qu'elle lie préférentiellement l'aspartate au détriment de l'asparagine. Un jeu de mutants prometteurs fut retenu. Leur stabilité et affinité pour les ligands natifs et non natifs est actuellement analysé par des simulations de dynamique moléculaire.

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43

Laurent, Giorgi. "Cartographie structurale et fonctionnelle de la liaison entre la peptidyl-ARNt hydrolase et son substrat". Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00572217.

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La peptidyl-ARNt hydrolase est une enzyme qui hydrolyse les peptidyl-ARNt issus d'une terminaison prématurée de la traduction. Cette protéine est essentielle à la viabilité des bactéries, mais pas à celle des eucaryotes, ce qui fait d'elle une cible potentielle pour l'action d'anti-bactériens. Cela justifie également qu'on cherche à cartographier l'interaction de cette protéine avec son substrat, pour faciliter la conception d'inhibiteur. Les tentatives d'obtention de cristaux de complexes enzyme:analogue de substrat étant restées vaines, nous avons choisi d'étudier de tels complexes en solution, par RMN. Grâce à un double marquage 15N/13C, nous avons tout d'abord attribué les fréquences de résonance des atomes du squelette de la protéine et d'une grande partie des chaînes latérale. Nous avons ensuite étudié l'interaction entre la PTH d'E. coli et un analogue de son substrat synthétisé chimiquement, la diacétyl-Lys-(3'NH)-adénosine. Cette étude nous a permis de caractériser le rôle de nombreux résidus du site actif, notamment celui d'une phénylalanine (F66) interagissant via son cycle aromatique avec l'adénine 3'-terminale du substrat, celui d'une asparagine (N114) stabilisant une molécule d'eau responsable de l'hydrolyse du substrat et celui d'une autre asparagine (N10) permettant à la PTH de discriminer positivement les peptidyl-ARNt par rapport aux aminoacyl-ARNt. Nous avons aussi étudié l'interaction entre la protéine et des mini-ARNt mimant la tige acceptrice et le bras TΨC d'un ARNt. Ce travail a permis de cartographier la surface de la PTH où l'ARN s'ancre à la protéine. Il a confirmé l'importance de deux résidus basiques, la lysine K105 et l'arginine R133, pour la reconnaissance du phosphate en 5' de l'ARNt. Il a également révélé une interaction entre l'hélice C-terminale de la protéine et le bras TΨC de l'ARNt, à 30 Å du site actif. La pertinence fonctionnelle de ce dernier contact a pu être établie par mutagenèse dirigée. L'ensemble de ces résultats permet de proposer un modèle complet de l'interaction entre la PTH et un peptidyl-ARNt.

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44

Le, Duc Aude. "Performances théoriques et analyse des schémas HARQ dans un contexte d'optimisation inter-couches". Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00005994.

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Cette thèse porte sur l'établissement des expressions analytiques des performances des schémas Hybrid ARQ dans un contexte d'optimisation inter-couches. Le mécanisme Hybrid ARQ permet de tirer profit des propriétés de l'ARQ et des propriétés d'un FEC, selon la valeur du SNR. Par conséquent, la quantité de redondance transmise est automatiquement adaptée à la qualité du canal, en se basant sur l'acquittement de la transmission précédente. Sachant qu'aujourd'hui, tous les systèmes opèrent (ou sont sur le point d'opérer) sous le protocole IP, il est intéressant d'étudier leurs performances au niveau de la couche IP. Les métriques considérées sont le taux d'erreur paquet, l'efficacité, le délai et la gigue. Ces métriques sont utiles puisque les besoins en QoS dépendent d'une combinaison de celles-ci. Cependant, dans la littérature, les performances des schémas HARQ sont surtout analysées au niveau MAC. De plus, elles sont souvent évaluées au moyen de simulations. L'objectif est donc ici d'établir les expressions analytiques des quatre métriques de performances pour tout type de mé- canisme HARQ, aux niveaux MAC et IP, en prenant en compte des solutions existantes d'optimisation entre les couches MAC et IP. Il est ensuite prouvé que ces dérivations sont utiles pour construire des algorithmes dédiés à la gestion des ressources radio aussi bien qu'à la protection inégale des données.

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45

Ly, Michel. "Étude des fils électrodes pour l'usinage par étincelage érosif". Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2005. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00705214.

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Il s'agit de relier l'avantage en termes de vitesse d'usinage, que procurent des revêtements complexes de phases du système cuivre zinc oxygène sur les fils-électrodes de laiton, a la thermodynamique de l'arc électrique.Il apparait que les fils revêtus usinent plus vite que les fils nus, pour la même intensité, et ce malgré une tension d'arc plus faible. Les tensions d'arc moyennes de différents fils, employés en polarité négative, ont été mesurées, comparées aux données bibliographiques, et modélisées.La tension d'arc d'une cathode est d'autant plus faible que la pression de vapeurs métalliques qu'elle généré est élevée. Une faible chute de potentiel a la cathode limite son échauffement, donc son érosion. Une pression élevée pendant l'arc permet éjecter une plus grande proportion de la matière en fusion présente a la surface des électrodes a la fin de l'arc d'usinage.Des mesures de pertes de masse sur différents fils électrodes et sur différentes pièces confirment notre thèse.

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46

Moingeon, Bertrand. "Contribution à une socio-économie des organisations : l'exemple d'un univers associatif". Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 1991. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00996008.

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L'approche socio-économique que nous proposons s'inscrit en opposition à la démarche adoptée par les tenants de la théorie de l'action rationnelle. Elle nous conduit à dénoncer l'irréalisme des modèles fonctionnant sur une représentation de l'agent comme acteur libre de tout conditionnement économique et social. Nous estimons en effet que le modèle de l'homo-oeconomicus, dans lequel l'homme n'est plus qu'un être désincarné réduit a un maximisateur de fonctions d'utilité sous contraintes, est peu apte à expliquer les comportements réels des agents. Dans cette thèse, refusant les cloisonnements disciplinaires, nous avons également cherché à dépasser le stade descriptif constaté dans la plupart des études sur les organisations. Nous avons mis en évidence l'intérêt de l'utilisation conjointe de la théorie de l'habitus et du champ de Pierre Bourdieu et de la grille de lecture des organisations élaborée par les professeurs du département "stratégie et politique d'entreprise" du Groupe HEC. Une telle démarche permet de dépasser le stade de la description afin d'accéder à une meilleure compréhension du fonctionnement organisationnel. L'univers associatif étudié est constitué d'organisations sportives. Dans ces associations à but non lucratif, les agents peuvent être à la fois consommateurs et membres. La perspective socio-économique adoptée nous a permis non seulement d'expliquer le fonctionnement de ces organisations comme champs mais aussi de rendre compte de ces choix de "consommation"

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47

Blanc, Fany. "DEVELOPPEMENT D'UN MODELE CELLULAIRE DE DECLENCHEMENT DE LA REACTION ALLERGIQUE. APPLICATIONS A L'ETUDE DES ALLERGENES DU LAIT ET DE L'ARACHIDE, ET EVALUATION DE L'EFFET DE TRAITEMENTS THERMIQUES SUR L'ALLERGENICITE DE Ara h 1". Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004944.

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Les allergies alimentaires à l'arachide et au lait posent un problème majeur de santé publique, en particulier chez les enfants. Nous avons développé un modèle cellulaire de dégranulation, afin d'analyser si la liaison d'un allergène à ses IgE spécifiques, mesurée in vitro, a bien la capacité de déclencher la phase effectrice de la réaction allergique. Ce modèle repose sur l'utilisation de la lignée cellulaire RBL SX-38 développée par JP Kinet, mastocytes de rat immortalisés et modifiés pour exprimer le récepteur de haute affinité aux IgE humaines. Le développement de ce modèle pour son utilisation en microplaques de 96 puits a consisté notamment en l'optimisation de différents paramètres critiques pour la réalisation des 2 phases du test : la phase de sensibilisation des cellules par les IgE de patients allergiques et la phase de déclenchement par les allergènes auxquels le patient est sensibilisé. Ce modèle a permis de montrer l'importance des caséines et des albumines 2S (Ara h 2 et Ara h 6) dans cette étape clé de la réaction allergique au lait et à l'arachide, confirmant les observations sérologiques et cliniques disponibles. L'effet de traitements thermiques sur l'allergénicité d'un allergène majeur de l'arachide (Ara h 1), a été évalué dans le cadre du programme européen EuroPrevall. Les résultats obtenus montrent la diminution de la réactivité d'Ara h 1 après chauffage de la protéine isolée en solution. Par contre, la même protéine préparée et purifiée à partir d'arachide grillée présente une forte réactivité. Ces résultats suggèrent qu'un traitement à température élevée de la graine entraine une augmentation de l'allergénicité de Ara h 1 du fait de ses interactions avec les autres constituants de la graine. Le modèle cellulaire de dégranulation développé apparaît être un outil pertinent pour l'étude de la fonctionnalité biologique de l'interaction allergène-IgE, permettant une meilleure compréhension de la relation entre la structure d'une protéine alimentaire et son allergénicité, voire une évaluation du risque allergique des aliments ne nécessitant pas d'essais cliniques systématiques.

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48

Fletcher, Donald Bryden y N/A. "Population Dynamics of Eastern Grey Kangaroos in Temperate Grasslands". University of Canberra. Resource, Environmental & Heritage Sciences, 2006. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20070808.152438.

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This thesis is about the dynamics of eastern grey kangaroo (Macropus giganteus) populations and their food supplies in temperate grasslands of south-eastern Australia. It is based on the study of three populations of eastern grey kangaroos inhabiting �warm dry�, �cold dry�, and �warm wet� sites within the Southern Tablelands climatic region. After a pilot survey and methods trial in early 2001, the main period of study was from August 2001 to July 2003. The study populations were found to have the highest densities of any kangaroo populations, 450 to 510 km-2. Their density was the same at the end of the two year study period as at the beginning, in spite of a strong decline in herbage availability due to drought. The eastern grey kangaroo populations were limited according to the predation-sensitive food hypothesis. Fecundity, as the observed proportion of females with late pouch young in spring, was high, in spite of the high kangaroo density and restricted food availability. Age-specific fecundity of a kangaroo sample shot on one of the sites in 1997 to avert starvation was the highest reported for kangaroos. Thus, limitation acted through mortality rather than fecundity. Population growth rate was most sensitive to adult survival but the demographic rate that had the greatest effect in practice was mortality of juveniles, most likely sub-adults. The combination of high fecundity with high mortality of immatures would provide resilience to low levels of imposed mortality and to fertility control. The normal pattern of spring pasture growth was not observed in the drought conditions and few of the recorded increments of growth were of the magnitude considered typical for sites on the southern and central tablelands. Temperature was necessary to predict pasture growth, as well as rainfall, over the previous two months. The best model of pasture growth (lowest AICc) included negative terms for herbage mass, rainfall over the previous two months, and temperature, and a positive term for the interaction between rainfall and temperature. It accounted for 13% more of the variation in the data than did the simpler model of the type used by Robertson (1987a), Caughley (1987) and Choquenot et al. (1998). However this was only 63% of total variation. Re-evaluation of the model based on measurements of pasture growth in more typical (non-drought) conditions is recommended. Grazing had a powerful influence on the biomass of pasture due to the high density of kangaroos. This is a marked difference to many other studies of the type which have been conducted in semi-arid environments where rainfall dominates. The offtake of pasture by kangaroos, as estimated on the research sites by the cage method, was linear on herbage mass. It was of greater magnitude than the more exact estimate of the (curved) functional response from grazedowns in high�quality and low�quality pastures. The widespread recognition of three forms of functional response is inadequate. Both the theoretical basis, and supporting data, have been published for domed, inaccessible residue, and power forms as well (Holling 1966; Noy-Meir 1975; Hassell et al. 1976, 1977; Short 1986; Sabelis 1992). Eastern grey kangaroos had approximately the same Type 2 functional response when consuming either a high quality artificial pasture (Phalaris aquatica), or dry native pasture (Themeda australis) in autumn. Their functional response rose more gradually than those published for red kangaroos and western grey kangaroos in the semi-arid rangelands, and did not satiate at the levels of pasture available. This gradual behaviour of the functional response contributes to continuous stability of the consumer-resource system, as opposed to discontinuous stability. The numerical response was estimated using the ratio equation, assuming an intrinsic rate of increase for eastern grey kangaroos in temperate grasslands of 0.55. There is indirect evidence of effects of predation in the dynamics of the kangaroo populations. This is demonstrated by the positive relationship between r and kangaroo density. Such a relationship can be generated by predation. A desirable future task is to compile estimates of population growth rate and simultaneous estimates of pasture, in the absence of predation, where kangaroo population density is changing, so that the numerical response can be estimated empirically. The management implications arising from this study are numerous and a full account would require a separate report. As one example, kangaroos in these temperate grasslands are on average smaller, eat less, are more numerous, and are more fecund, than would be predicted from other studies (e.g. Caughley et al. 1987). Thus the benefit of shooting each kangaroo, in terms of grass production, is less, or, in other words, more kangaroos have to be shot to achieve a certain level of impact reduction, and the population will recover more quickly, than would have been predicted prior to this study. Secondly, of much importance to managers, the interactive model which can readily be assembled from the products of Chapters 4, 5 and 8, can be used to test a range of management options, and the effect of variation in weather conditions, such as increased or decreased rainfall. For example, the model indicates that commercial harvesting (currently under trial in the region), at the maximum level allowed, results in a sustainable harvest of kangaroos, but does not increase the herbage mass, and only slightly reduces the frequency of crashes when herbage mass falls to low levels. (To demonstrate this with an ecological experiment would require an extremely large investment of research effort.) However, an alternative �national park damage mitigation� formula, which holds kangaroo density to about 1 ha-1, is predicted to increase herbage mass considerably and to reduce the frequency of crashes in herbage mass, but these effects would be achieved at the cost of having to shoot large numbers of kangaroos. Thus, aside from many specific details of kangaroo ecology, the knowledge gained in this study appears to have useful potential to illustrate to managers the dynamic properties of a resource-consumer system, the probabilistic nature of management outcomes, and the consequences of particular kangaroo management proposals.

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49

Teakle, Natasha Lea. "Comparative molecular physiology of salt and waterlogging tolerance in Lotus tenius and L. corniculatus : towards a perennial pasture legume for saline land". University of Western Australia. Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2009.0030.

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[Truncated abstract] Salinity and waterlogging interact to reduce the growth of most crop and pasture species. Species that are productive on saline-waterlogging land are needed for Australian farming systems. One option is Lotus tenuis, a perennial legume widely grown for pasture in the flood-prone and salt-affected Pampa region of Argentina. To identify mechanisms responsible for the adverse interaction between salinity and waterlogging, Lotus tenuis with a reputation for tolerance was compared with L. corniculatus, the most widely cultivated Lotus species. The physiology of salt and waterlogging tolerance in L. tenuis (4 cultivars) was evaluated, and compared with L. corniculatus (3 cultivars). Overall, L. tenuis cultivars accumulated less Na+ and Cl-, and more K+ in shoots than L. corniculatus cultivars, when exposed to 200 mM NaCl for 28 d in aerated or in anoxic (stagnant agar) solutions. In a NaCl dose response experiment (0 to 400 mM NaCl in aerated solution), Lotus tenuis (cv. Chaja) accumulated half as much Cl- in its shoots than L. corniculatus (cv. San Gabriel) at all external NaCl concentrations, and about 30% less shoot Na+ in treatments above 250 mM NaCl. Ion distributions in shoots were determined for plants at 200 mM NaCl; L. tenuis (cv. Chaja) accumulated about half as much Cl- in old leaves, young leaves and stems, compared with concentrations in L. corniculatus (cv. San Gabriel). There were not, however, significant differences between the two species for Na+ concentrations in the various shoot tissues under aerated NaCl treatment. '...' Therefore, during early stages of exposure to salinity, L. tenuis accumulated a higher proportion of total Na+ in the roots under combined stagnant-plus-NaCl treatment (55% versus 39% for L. corniculatus). Na+ transporters, particularly those relying on H+ gradients across membranes, which in turn require adequate ATP levels, could be impaired under O2 deficits that inhibit respiration. To study the effect of O2 deficiency on a Na+ transporter, an NHX1-like gene was cloned from L. tenuis and identity established via sequencing and yeast complementation studies. Real-time qPCR showed expression of NHX1 in L. tenuis roots increased under stagnant-plus-NaCl treatment, whereas it was reduced in L. corniculatus. Thus, maintaining O2 transport to roots, together with up-regulation of an NHX1-like gene for Na+ accumulation in vacuoles, contributes to tolerance of L. tenuis to combined salinity and waterlogging stresses. This study highlights the importance of minimising Cl- transport to shoots as a mechanism of salt tolerance and has identified a CCC-like gene in L. tenuis as a candidate for mediating root-to-shoot Cl- transport. Under combined stagnant-plus-NaCl treatment, control of Na+ transport is another mechanism contributing to tolerance in these Lotus species. Enhanced root aeration in L. tenuis maintains root Na+ transport processes, such as accumulation in vacuoles via NHX1-like genes, to diminish xylem loading to the shoot. Overall, this thesis has contributed new knowledge on the potential of Lotus tenuis as a saltland pasture and has significantly enhanced current understanding on the mechanisms of salinity and waterlogging tolerance in plants.

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50

Bon, Michaël. "Prediction de structures secondaires d'ARN avec pseudo-noeuds". Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2009. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00005806.

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Les recherches menées au cours de cette thèse visent à améliorer la qualité de prédiction des structures secondaires d'ARN avec pseudo-nœuds par l'approche thermodynamique. Elles se sont focalisées sur ses deux composantes essentielles : le modèle d'énergie libre qui paramètre les repliements de l'ARN et l'algorithme qui propose les repliements les plus vraisemblables. Bien que la question du modèle d'énergie libre soit considérée comme close à l'heure actuelle, il m'est apparu nécessaire et possible de repenser la manière dont il est calibré. Le principe de TT2NE, un nouvel algorithme de prédiction, est également exposé. Son efficacité repose sur une nouvelle classification des pseudo-nœuds à l'aide du genre, un indice topologique dont j'illustre par ailleurs la pertinence par une analyse qualitative et quantitative des bases de données disponibles. Au final, sans être arrivé au terme de tous les développements possibles des travaux engagés, les résultats obtenus sont prometteurs et améliorent l'état de l'art de ce problème.

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Tesis sobre el tema "Pastry in art"

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