Tesis sobre el tema "Partis de gauche – France – 20e siècle"
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Launay, Maxime. "Une armée nouvelle ? La gauche et l’armée française (1968-1985). Antimilitarisme, libertés publiques, défense nationale". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022SORUL067.
Texto completoHow was the relationship between the left-wing and the army, long antagonistic or at the least incompatible, able to evolve between 1968 and 1985 to the point of becoming institutionalised and contributing to a consensus on national defence? Three central notions form the main: the first relating to the rejection of the role assigned to the military institution (anti-militarism), the second to the place foreseen for the rights and freedoms guaranteed by the State for the members of the military (civil liberties), and the last dedicated to the principles of a military policy in the name of the interests of France (national defence). The army, broken after the Algerian war, then caught up in the protests of the "1968s", went through an new crisis in the mid-1970s. However, neither the army nor the left-wing were monolithic blocks: multiple actors, depending on the balance of power, contributed to cross-aggiornamenti. While the socialist government rallied in favour of nuclear deterrence, came to power, and came to terms with the institutions of the Fifth Republic, the military rethought its role in society, reviewed its relationship with discipline, and accepted the arrival of the left-wing in power with loyalty, despite initial mistrust. If the time was ripe for continuity in 1981, this encounter led to a de-ideologisation and a lasting de-politicisation of military and defence issues in public debate. Based on a body of military and police archives, governmental and parliamentary institutions, left-wing organisations, and oral interviews, this thesis intends to show that the history of the French left-wing is inseparable from that of the army
Marlin, François. "Pour la République, la paix, la lai͏̈cité : le Front populaire en terre radicale : le Loiret, 1934-1939". Paris 8, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA08A010.
Texto completoBotopoulos, Costas. "Les socialistes à l'épreuve du pouvoir : France, Grèce, Espagne dans les années quatre-vingt : idées et pratiques constitutionnelles". Paris 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA010279.
Texto completoThe three socialist parties of France, Greece and Spain arrived in power having declared their intention to change profoundly the political system in their countries. The experience of power proved that it was the parties themselves, their political role and the way they function, which were to be transformed ; the socialist governments accepted the political institutions they inherited and did not even try to impose w new constitutionnal logic
Cahon, Julien. "Les Gauches dans la Somme, du Front populaire au Programme commun (années 1930-années 1970)". Amiens, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AMIE0016.
Texto completoColas, Jean-François. "Les droites nationales en Lorraine dans les années 1930 : acteurs, organisations, réseaux". Paris 10, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA100151.
Texto completoIn Lorraine, in the 1930's, right-wing political parties did not manage to organize themselves durably and thoroughly but they were represented by numerous elected members, who resisted the push of left-wing parties, notably in 1932 and 1936. The republican Federation did not succeed in giving a concrete expression to its project to set up a solid organization. The « national » then got organized in punctual groupings from 1934 onward in several cities. The activits militated in Action française or in the patriotic Youths at the beginning of the 1930's. After february 6, 1934, Francisme, the Solidarité française, chiefly in the Moselle, and above all the Croix de feu expended unquestionably. Farmers also got organized, even if countrysides remained quiet altogether. Leagues' activists adhered to the parties which succeeded in the dissolved leagues in 1936. However, the P. S. F. Was the only party which evolved into a large scale party. Militants also took part in local assemblies in order to fight communism : the Front lorrain and the R. N. L. . Local leaders from the Croix de feu and later the P. S. F. Were related to other « national » organizations. Their background was similar : they were right-wing men, war veterans, reserve officers and Catholics. But they eventually obeyed La Rocque when he enjoined them to become independant. The P. S. F was then exposed to the hostility of other political groups from 1937 onward. The Croix de feu and the P. S. F. Could rely on the support of local newspapers, elected representatives, manufacturers and Catholics'spokesmen. However, notables reluctantly accepted La Rocque's electoral strategy. Lorraine political life evolved toward radicalisation and bipolarisation. Several MPs were related to leagues. They were connected to conservative Catholics, as were the leagues. They fought the same opponents : freemassons and left-wing parties. Anticommunism federated the « national », including certain activits opposed to the republican system. Representatives and notables of the republican Federation, implacable opponents to Front populaire, mixed with these militants. Xenophobe ideas spred, partly inspired by anti-german feelings. Never the less, other MPs remained moderate and the P. S. F ; appears as a centrist party. The « spirit of Lorraine » explains both anticommunism and national' mistrust of Germany, even if many accepted the Munich agreeement
Fondraz, Ludovic. "Les groupes parlementaires au sénat sous la cinquième République". Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010288.
Texto completoNowadays, political groups occupy an essential part in our parliamentary institutions, but their own existence was contested for a long time because they were considered contradictory with the representative system which does not admit any division in the representation. After a slow evolution, the groups established their places in our parliamentary system, and besides their reglementary recognition, they accede, in 1958, to the constitutional consecration, even if it's only implicit. However, one only needs to look at the disposition of the rows in the two assemblies to notice that, if there are some similarities between the groups in the two chambers of the parliament, there are also many differences. The appearance of the majority logic in the senate's debates, at the beginning of the 1980s, oblige the high assembly to reconcile its usual policy of saving the independence of the parliamentary mandate with the practical requirements of the efficiency, given by political groups. To attain this collective efficiency, the centre groups have been forced to convert themselves to the principle of voting discipline, best garantee of the political unity of the groups. The majority logic produce a real socialisation of the senatorial life and the inevitable confrontations of the different political groups in the assembly. This conception of the organisation of the parliamentary works can be seen essentially by the omnipresence of the groups within the senate's regulation. First of all, political groups are present on the legislative level. They follow the project or the law proposition from its deposit until its eventual presentation to the constitutional council, and propose some modifications that they judge useful, using mainly the right of amendment. They also participate in controlling the government, which means now a large part of France's European policy
Batardy, Christophe. "Le programme commun de gouvernement : pour une histoire programmatique du politique (1972-1977)". Thesis, Nantes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NANT2018.
Texto completoOn July 12th 1972, The PCF (French Communist Party), the PS (Socialist Party) and the “radicaux de gauche” party signed a programme agreement entitled “A Common Programme for Government”, that soon became known as the "Common Programme”. In September 1977, negotiations to renew the programme, which were widely covered by the media, failed because of a re-emergence of ideological divergences that had been put to one side in 1972. This failure occurred in spite of the very favourable electoral dynamic that had given rise to a United Front on the political left. This political programme was most widely distributed in 20th century France. It marked the French political life to the point that it is possible to call the 1972-1977 period the “Common Programme” moment. A study of the social impact of this text and a chronological rereading of the May-September 1977 period that aims to reevaluate the responsibility of the French Communist Party for the failure of the discussions has allowed the writing of a history of political programmes for the 1972-1977 period
Boyer, Vincent. "La gauche et la seconde chambre de 1945 à nos jours". Toulouse 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU10016.
Texto completoThe position of the left wing, communist and socialist, when it comes to the second chamber since 1945, is often seen as a succession of reversals. In the beginning the left wing would have advocated unicameralism in hostility towards the Senat between 1945 and 1946. In the years to follow the left wing would have been relatively unfavourable to the Council of the Republic under the Fourth Republic. However it would have become quite favourable to the Senat after 1958 so as long as this chamber actively fought General de Gaulle and his governments. In 1981 the hostility of the left wing against the Senat would have reappeared. It is however possible, taking into consideration these contradictions and retractions, to detect an underlying logic, explaining this position. To do so, it is important to accept the postulate that the notions of " second chamber " and " Senat " are not synonyms. In other words the rejection of the Senat is not necessarily the rejection of a second chamber, and the acceptance of a second chamber is not necessarily the acceptance of the Senat. It thus becomes evident that since 1945 the left wing has demonstrated its hostility towards the Senat, while declaring itself favourable towards the existence of a second chamber
Prigent, François. "Les réseaux socialistes en Bretagne des années 1930 aux années 1980". Thesis, Rennes 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REN20040.
Texto completoSocialism in Brittany from 1930 to 1980 originates from the implementation of the networks and activities which are at the basis of socialism (SFIO, PSU, PS) and which revealed fractures/continuities in activist generations. The political opening in the 1930s, intensified by the strengthening of elected representatives’ networks in 1945, is different from the changes which took place in the 1960s-1970s and which lead to the emergence of the new socialist party in the context of profound changes in local society. The development of socialist networks in the 1980s is the starting point of the partisan system dominance from 2004 onwards. From sheets to files, the prosopography presents an analysis of courses, networks and identities and emphasises a characteristic of the Breton socialism, similar to an elected representatives’ social democracy.Interlinked activist networks are becoming part of plural socialist environments composed of independent subgroups. The centrality of secular identity is countered by the emergence of Christian networks. The privileged links with labour unions change according to periods, but remain consistent with the shifts in social movements. The rural block explains the frailty of the activist network in the country side, before the emergence of rural networks and progressive labour unions irrigating the activist environment. This study is in line with the views and practices of a global history, from a multiple approach: a history seen from below, a social and cultural history of politics, a history through networks, a regional political history and alocal history of socialism, a history of the elected representatives
Vodovar, Christine. "Le PSI, la SFIO et l'évolution des systèmes politiques italien et français de 1943 à 1956". Paris 10, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA100002.
Texto completoThomas, Jean-Paul. "Droite et rassemblement du PSF au RPF, 1936-1953 : hommes, réseaux, cultures : rupture et continuité d'une histoire politique". Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002IEPP0009.
Texto completoGoure, Jean-Paul. "Les droites dans l'agglomération stéphanoise de 1851 à 1958". Saint-Etienne, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002STET2091.
Texto completoA town infamous for its filth, stench and ugliness. A black town. A town of prostitution, squalor and alcoholism. A town voting the "wrong" way, torn apart by strikes. A town which murders a prefect. A dangerous town. A revolutionary town. A red town. So many assertions which need to be demystified, especially in political terms. Saint-Etienne seldom votes for extremes or for the worst possible line offered by politicians wishing to achieve their own ends. Nor has it been drawn to politicians who are headstrong in following unworkable policies in spite of all the evidence. Passionate outbursts against freemasons and Jews are the acts of e few desperate youths. Social marginalisation and racism do not form part of the cultural identity of the town. The extrême right has never played a major role here. Whenever the Republic has been threatened by uncompromising right-wing hard-liners, the inhabitants of Saint-Etienne have voted massively for the Left. Saint-Etienne is not a revolutionary town but a republican town. It was never sensitive to the siren calls of the Great Man, of the Saviour. It agreed to General de Gaulle's return to power because he embodied a path between a discredited Parisian political class, vainly casting about to support the status quo, and seditious movements in Algeria threatening the Republic. Neither is Saint-Etienne a town which ever was tempted by the dreams of communism. Over time the votes cast in Saint-Etienne reflect those in the rest of France, even though there might have sometimes been some discrepancy between the regional vote and national vote, as was the case for instance in 1936. In fact, the voters of Saint-Etienne, to some degree, have rejected the political game : whatever the election abstention is high. The favoured candidates are elected because they are perceived as particularly human or as being "men in the street" rather than because they belong to a particular party, as was the case for A. Pinay or A. De Fraissinette. The paradox of a working class town voting for the Right is only superficial. The inhabitants of Saint-Etienne are above all moderates who refuse illusions
Gratien, Jean-Pierre. "Marius Moutet, de la question coloniale à la construction européenne : 1914-1962". Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010570.
Texto completoSiloret, Martin. "La structuration partisane de l'écologie politique : une comparaison Bretagne-Pays de Galles (1974-1995)". Thesis, Rennes 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN20038/document.
Texto completoThis thesis analyses the structuring of green political parties from a comparative perspective and at a regional (sub-national) scale, from 1974 to 1995. We study five dimensions of this process: organisational structuring, evolution of cleavages with other political parties, electoral and strategic evolutions, careers of activists, and media coverage (including a study of green media). Our research highlights several processes taking place at regional and local levels which have a decisive influence on the national scale (e. g. the crucial part played by regional federations in the unification of LesVerts in 1984 and early strategic evolutions at a local level) as well as the regional impact of dynamics developing at the European level, above all after the formation of a Green group in the European Parliament in 1984. In both regions, the Green parties are shaped first of all by the cleavages opposing (or relating) them to other parties and by the careers of their activists, two factors from which also stem serious internal conflicts. In Brittany, the impact of May 1968 followed by a successful movement against nuclear power have contributed to the transformation of the green movement into apolitical force but Les Verts have then remained very fragile as an organisation, despite significant electoral gains from 1989 onwards. In Wales, the green movement as a specific force is weakened by the strength of the regionalist movement, the opposition to nuclear weapons from many Labour Party activists and the fact that many Green Party activists in Wales are newcomers from England. The Wales Green Party thus obtains low electoral results but nevertheless succeeds in making its campaigns and activism durable
Bourrinet, Philippe. "Aux origines du courant communiste international des conseils : la Gauche communiste hollandaise (1907-1950) : du tribunisme au conseillisme". Paris 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA010553.
Texto completoThe 'dutch marxist school', a revolutionary current represented most by gorter and pannekoek, arrose at the turn of the century. In opposition to the 'reformism' and 'opportunism' of the 2. International, it was first supported by lenin, before he rebuffed them in 1920. During the german revolution (1918-21), they became the theoretical leaders of the "councils movement" (aau, kapd), standing up against unionism and parlamentarism. This communist 'dutch-german' left - hostile to the russian state policy - was expelled from komintern in 1921. The council communist current fought the 'party communism' and the 'state communism'. After 1933 this one 'withdrew' to the netherlands and took over the theoretical head of the concilist groups who had escaped from the german catastrophe. Hostile to any political organization, the dutch gic of pannekoek and canne-meijer disappeared in 1940. Despite a short revival in 1945 (spartacusbond), the dutch 'councilism' little by little faded away. After 1968 the councilism had a significant ideological influence by its rejection of all political and trade unionist apparatus of the 'old workers' movement', which the rank and file of the workers often criticise. 'Councilism' today has many similarities with the old anarchist current