Tesis sobre el tema "Particules (physique) – Propriétés physico-chimiques"
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Debout, Vincent. "Contribution à l'étude des propriétés optiques de dépôts plasma de zircone yttriée : influences de leurs caractéristiques microstructurales et physico-chimiques". Limoges, 2007. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/1a29b06b-3f60-4c9e-9bdc-a2b544854d39/blobholder:0/2007LIMO4017.pdf.
Texto completoThe aim of this PhD work is to investigate the correlations between the microstructure and the physico-chemical (oxygen under-stoichiometry) characteristics of Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia (YSZ) plasma-sprayed coatings and their optical properties (reflectance, transmittance). Six coatings with significant microstructural differences have been manufactured. A preliminary investigation of in-flight particle characteristics has been performed to select the spray conditions by using two complementary particle diagnostic tools: the DPV2000 system and a particle collection device. This latter has been designed in order to study, by using a digital analysis method on particles cross section observations, the melting state of particles at their impact onto the substrate. Two criteria have been used: the shape factor and the internal pore features (size and ratio). The resulting microstructures of coatings differ both in the content, size and shape of pores but also in the oxygen under-stoichiometry of YSZ material due to the oxygen loss during the plasma spraying. Both hemispherical transmittance and reflectance spectra of the coatings have been measured over the 0. 25-20 µm wavelength range. The investigation of the under-stoichiometry effects has been performed by annealing as-sprayed coatings in air at 500 °C with increasing times (5 minutes to 24 hours) and exploring, at each step, the variation of optical properties. The annealing results in a decrease in the absorption of the matrix which follows up with an increase of the volume scattering over 0. 5-5 µm. After a 24-hours annealing, no variation is observed and the microstructural effects can be studied. Two approaches have been implemented: a macroscopic one using the Gouesbet-Maheu model and a microscopic one based on the Mie theory in an absorbing host matrix. The submicron-sized pores play a key role in the high level of diffusion over the 0. 5-1. 5 µm range while the slow decrease in scattering over the 1. 5-5 µm range seems to be caused by the micron-sized pores
Peillon, Samuel. "Influence des effets électrostatiques liés à la radioactivité sur les forces d’adhésion et sur la mise en suspension de particules métalliques". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS400.
Texto completoThe mobility and containment of radioactive dust produced by plasma/wall interactions taking place in the heart of a tokamak have become, over the years, major topics for the safety assessment of the ITER installation. To address these safety issues, I adopted complementary approaches based on experimental and numerical work. A sampling campaign carried out in the tokamak WEST (CEA/IRFM) made it possible to identify tungsten particles of spherical shape and micrometric size. An in-depth parametric study of the adhesion forces acting between these particles and tungsten surfaces was performed using an atomic force microscope (AFM). The results of this study are in very good agreement with an analytical model describing the adhesion forces as a function of particle size and surface roughness. I continued the study by performing measurements of the electric potential of particles when they are labeled with tritium using Kelvin Probe Microscopy (KPFM). The sensitivity of this technique allowed me to demonstrate a difference in surface potential between neutral particles and particles marked with tritium. Finally, resuspension experiments with tungsten particles loaded with tritium were carried out. The results of these experiments, combined with the validation of a particle resuspension model, provide robust data for dust management, safety analyzes and the definition of radiation protection plans for future nuclear fusion facilities
Kerbadou, Farid. "Mise en forme et propriétés physico-chimiques de fenêtres PbF2 pour l'optique infrarouge". Montpellier 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987MON20119.
Texto completoSeyni, Abdoulaye. "Propriétés physico-chimiques et d'usage de matériaux composites à charge dégradable produits par co-broyage". Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2008. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7820/1/seyni.pdf.
Texto completoJorda, Jérémy. "Étude du procédé d'extraction alcaline et de purification des pectines de pulpe de betterave : étude des propriétés chimiques et physico-chimiques". Toulouse, INPT, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003INPT011G.
Texto completoGrari, Olfa. "Amélioration des propriétés physico-chimiques et anticorrosives du revêtement de polypyrrole électrodéposé sur l'acier inoxydable 304". Thesis, Besançon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BESA2041/document.
Texto completoThe aim of this work is to electrochemically elaborate polypyrrole films on 304 stainless steel in phosphoric acid solution and improve corrosion resistance by the use of high frequency ultrasound (US), incorporation of inorganic inhibitor (KNO3) and silica (SiO2) particles. The inorganic inhibitor reduced the oxidation potential of pyrrole monomers and was incorporated into polymer matrix. Ultrasound favors electrochemical polymerization reaction by improving mass transfer towards the electrode. It leads to films more compact, presenting a thinner and more homogeneous topography. PPy-SiO2 composite films were prepared by different methods. Good particles distribution within polymer matrix was achieved through multilayered method. All formed films: PPy-NO3-, PPy-US and PPy-SiO2 offer better protection of stainless steel against corrosion in chloride environment than PPy coatings
Bescond, Alexandre. "Contribution à la métrologie des nanoparticules de suie et à la caractérisation des particules produites par un générateur de référence". Rouen, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ROUES063.
Texto completoIn the context of the civil aviation impact on the environment, the French aerospace and environment thematic network (called RTAE) of the French council for civil aeronautics research (CORAC) launched a study on contrails formation. The environmental impact of the induced cirrus generated by air traffic in altitude was also analyzed. The project in which this thesis is carried out (MERMOSE project, financed by the French general council of civil aviation) aims to characterize the particles emitted by an aeronautic engine and to study the soot reactivity with water. First of all, the work presented in this manuscript contributes to the improvement of the metrology of aerosol produced by combustion (soot). Furthermore, tools are designed and implemented to accurately characterize the nanoparticles produced by a reference aerosol combustion generator (miniCAST 5201c) and by an aircraft engine. Significant metrology means have been used to characterize the morphological, physico-chemical and optical properties of soot nanoparticles. Besides the use of standard commercial devices (SMPS sizer, mass concentration TEOM, Transmission Electronic Microscopy TEM …), optical techniques have also been used (depolarization of light, extinction spectra). The coupling of those techniques leads, for example, to the determination of the effective density or to the determination of optical properties. The exploitation of the obtained results has been carried out by using theories, modelling or methods that have been proposed (modelling of the effective density, automatized processing of TEM images) or improved (theory of light interaction with aggregates RDG-FA with the taking into account of internal multiple scattering). Accordingly, these new findings intend to improve the accuracy of the previously developed techniques. For example, the impact of accounting for a realistic morphology of aggregates (overlapping and necking between primary particles) has been studied. The use of the aforementioned techniques or methods permitted to reach key parameters such as the size distribution of primary particles, the fractal dimension of aggregates, the bulk density of primary spheres and their optical properties, opening the way to an optical speciation of soot nanoparticles by their organic compounds content and microstructure (amorphous or graphitic). The miniCAST generator allows to produce soot nanoparticles with a great stability and repeatability with various morphological and physico-chemical (and by the way optical) properties. This generator can be used as a surrogate of soot generated by different sources
Bouzziri, Miloudi. "Adhérence et propriétés physico-chimiques des couches de phosphate sur aciers et aciers revêtus de zinc". Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO10201.
Texto completoCaro, Dominique De. "Synthèse et caractérisations physico-chimiques de petites particules métalliques en solution organique. Etude de leurs propriétés optiques et magnétiques". Toulouse 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU30231.
Texto completoMessaoudi, Sabri. "Modélisation des propriétés structurales et physico-chimiques de cations vanadium solvatés et de composés vanadophosphates". Rennes 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004REN10089.
Texto completoRivellini, Laura-Hélèna. "Propriétés physico-chimiques, optiques et identification des sources des aérosols en Afrique de l’Ouest". Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10177/document.
Texto completoThe aim of this thesis consists in studying the chemical nature, the origins as well as the optical properties of aerosols in West Africa. We focused on establishing the links between the chemical composition of fine particles at surface and aerosols optical properties. Our study is based on measurements acquired during the SHADOW field campaign, implemented on the M’Bour (Senegal) site during two intensive observation periods: March to June 2015 (IOP-1) and November 2015 to January 2016 (IOP-2). For this purpose, an instrumentation allowing online chemical characterization of surface PM1 (ACSM, TEOM-FDMS, aethalometer), at high time resolution, was implemented in parallel with instruments measuring aerosols optical properties at surface (aethalometer, nephelometer) and along the atmospheric column by remote sensing (Lidar, photometer). The coupling of meteorological data with statistical tools allowed determining the local and/or regional contribution of the different species, and identifying the source areas responsible for the high concentrations observed on site. The source receptor model (PM) allowed to further investigate the submicronic organic fraction, highlighting a fast photochemistry and the influence of specific anthropogenic activities (waste burning, fish smoking). We were also able to characterize, per season, the type of aerosols contributing to the fine particle extinction measured at surface, as well as to show links/differences between remote sensing and surface chemical/optical properties of fines particles during the two IOP
Mateo, Sandrine. "Propriétés physico-chimiques et réactivité du carbonate de glycerol : faisabilité de l'obtention des α-monoethers de glycerol et propriétés solvantes". Toulouse, INPT, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001INPT028G.
Texto completoThe physical characteristics, the solvent and surfactant properties of glycerol carbonate have been evaluated in order to evaluate its solubility parameters (Hansen's method), its solvent power, its specific interactions (hydrophilic/hydrophobic effects), its dielectric and surfactant properties, its waterproofing power. . . Thus, the glycerol carbonate is a bifunctional molecule with an ambidente behaviour. This study contributes to establish a complete monograph of the glycerol carbonate. The feasability of the reaction between glycerol carbonate and alcohols (short and fatty alcohols, phenols) to obtain glycerol [alpha]-monoethers has been demonstrated. The reactional conditions depend on the nature of the used alcohol. The glycerol carbonate / fatty alcohol system is biphasic. The glycerol carbonate and the 2-ethylhexan-1-ol, non miscible, form a hydrophilic / lipophilic reactional system in which we have tried to produce the 1-O-(2-ethylhexyl)glycerol by using it as glycerol carbonate / 2-ethyl hexan-1-ol compatibilizer. Physical, solvent and surfactant properties of glycerol [alpha]-monoethers have been determinated. Glycerol ethers with short alkyl chain are protic, hydrophilic and middle polar compounds and can be used alone or in aqueous formulations (painting, adhesive, ink. . . ). The 1-O-(methyl)glycerol and the 1-O-(ethyl)glycerol have good solvent properties for an use as painting solvent. Solvent properties and surfactant properties of glycerol ethers can be bound by mathematic equations
Dame, Cécile. "Etude des relations entre la stabilité des mousses de décontamination nucléaire et leurs propriétés physico-chimiques". Aix-Marseille 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX30012.
Texto completoThe LPAD (French Atomic Energy Commission) develops innovative processes in the frame of the future dismantling of nuclear facilities. Formulations were developed using high viscosified foams stabilized by biodegradable nonionic surfactants : alkyl polyglucosides and viscosifiers (xanthan gum), which allow us to increase the foam lifetime and thus contact time of chemical reactants with the facility walls. We have considered the relationships between physicochemical properties and foam stability through the exploration of the foam at three different scales: from the molecular range (micelles, surface tension and viscoelasticity), to the film and Plateau border range (XR reflectivity, surface shear viscosity) and to macroscopic range, meaning the whole foam (foaminess, liquid fraction and wall film thickness evolution). Finally, exploratory study is presented concerning simultaneous foam three scales characterisation by small angle neutron scattering
Zapata-Massot, Céline. "Synthèse de matériaux composites par co-broyage en voie sèche. Caractérisation des propriétés physico-chimiques et d'usages des matériaux". Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2004. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7699/1/zapata_massot.pdf.
Texto completoChalal, Mohand. "Structure multi-échelle et propriétés physico-chimiques des gels de polymères thermosensibles". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00680076.
Texto completoBouvet, Geoffrey. "Relations entre microstructure et propriétés physico-chimiques et mécaniques de revêtements époxy modèles". Thesis, La Rochelle, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LAROS039/document.
Texto completoThis work highlights the microstructure-properties relations inside representative epoxy based model coatings for anticorrosion paints. These relations have been established for the initial state as well as the hygrothermal ageing. First, we characterised physico-chemical and mechanical properties of the totally crosslinked DGEBA/DAMP stoichiometric system. These properties have been compared to the DGEBA/TETA system and they showed the strong influence of the microstructure on these initial properties. Cyclic hygrothermal ageing have been completed at different temperatures on free films, in order to measure the impact of the microstructure on the durability of epoxy systems. This work has shown the influence of the water-polymer interactions on diffusion phenomena. Moreover, the evolutions of several physico-chemical and mechanical properties have been characterised using DMA (submersible clamps), during different sorption-desorption steps. A pseudo-fickian behaviour has been evidenced during the first sorption, and it was followed by a fickian behaviour for all other steps. The inherent causes of this evolution have been proposed, by considering microstructural reorganisations of the studied epoxy systems. Other hygrothermal ageing have been carried out using EIS on coatings, in order to study the effects of the coating/steel substrate interface on diffusion phenomena, especially the role of residual stresses. We finally studied the influence of the visco-elastic stress on the coating water intake phenomena
Paccou, Matthieu. "Caractérisation physique et chimique de suspensions concentrées de calcite". Montpellier 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON20190.
Texto completoAuriol, Mélodie. "Influence des interactions physico-chimiques entre particules et composés organiques sur la stabilité de mousses minérales". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0241/document.
Texto completoCement-based mineral foams are solid porous materials and presentvery interesting insulating properties. Such materials are used in the constructionsector in order to reduce the energy consumption of houses. However, theproduction of these materials can be difficult because of the kinetic competitionbetween foam stability and cement setting. Cement-based mineral foams areextremely complex materials because of the number of components and all theirinteractions. The objective of our study is to get insight into the interactions betweenmineral and organic compounds and to understand their role in the stabilizingmechanisms. Our strategy was to study a model system, sufficiently close the realone to be representative, and sufficiently simple to identify the contribution of thedifferent components. We used as a foaming agent a surfactant exhibiting acharacteristic peak in UV-visible spectroscopy in order to determine its function andposition in the complex system. We first worked on unfoamed slurries, then westudied thin liquid films and the foamed materials
Bouquet, Françoise. "Relations entre les propriétés physico-chimiques de surface de l'acier AISI 304 après différents traitements et le comportement mécanique d'assemblages collés". Compiègne, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992COMPD475.
Texto completoShi, Feng. "Etude des propriétés physico-chimiques de surfaces microstructurées : application à la fabrication de verres organiques ophtalmiques digitaux". Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2006. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7683/1/shi.pdf.
Texto completoDurand, Anne. "Relations entre la composition des bitumes et leurs propriétés physico-chimiques. Application à la formulation des liants modifiés bitume-EVA". Rouen, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ROUES082.
Texto completoQin, Ren-Yan. "Etude de la microtexture et de la microstructure superficielle et des propriétés physico-chimiques des surfaces des fibres de carbone". Mulhouse, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MULH0235.
Texto completoMarty, Philippe. "Coordination organométallique et physico-chimie du milieu interstellaire : Modélisations et expérimentations". Toulouse 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU30161.
Texto completoFournel, Sébastien. "Combustion à la ferme de cultures énergétiques : influence de leurs propriétés physico-chimiques sur les émissions atmosphériques, prédiction de la composition des gaz et cadre de qualité de la biomasse agricole". Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6832.
Texto completoUng, Diane. "Nanoparticules métalliques anisotropes synthétisées par vie chimique : fils, plaquettes et particules hybrides de cobalt-nickel, caractérisations physico-chimiques et propriétés magnétiques : fils d'argent auto-organisés". Paris 7, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00202393.
Texto completoGuillon, Emmanuel. "Durabilité des matériaux cimentaires : modélisation de l'influence des équilibres physico-chimiques sur la microstructure et les propriétés mécaniques résiduelles". Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00133395.
Texto completoMathis, Frédéric. "Etude de la codéposition électrolytique du nickel et de particules de carbure de silicium. Propriétés physico-chimiques des codépôts de nickel et carbure de silicium". Toulouse, INPT, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPT047G.
Texto completoFanost, Agathe. "Formulation et propriétés physico-chimiques de peintures a tempera à base de jaune d’œuf et de terres vertes". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS100.
Texto completoTempera painting is a pictorial technique that was widely used during the Middle Age. Based on historical recipes of the 15th century, formulations with egg yolk and green earth have been reproduced in order to characterize the physicochemical properties of this paint from the mesoscopic scale to the macroscopic scale. The pigment, green earth, is composed of celadonite or glauconite, that are phyllosilicates of the mica family. A multi-technique protocol has been developed to identify these minerals in commercial pigments and in-situ in artworks. The influence of grinding on the pigment and then on the properties of the paint have been studied. The study of water dynamics by 1H NMR relaxometry of aqueous suspensions at different concentrations of pigment has been correlated to rheological properties. A unique population of 1H follows the same dynamics at the interface of the minerals regardless of their concentration. This confirms the homogeneity of the mixture. Macroscopically, the aqueous suspensions present visco-elastic properties and under flow, they are shear thinning. The egg yolk is also shear thinning whereas its relaxometry profile reveals an average population of 1H with similar dynamics to gels.The study of tempera paint by 1H NMR relaxometry highlights the structure of the network formed by the yolk compounds and the pigment. The rheological measurements attest to the importance of the binder on the visco-elastic properties of paints
Thommerel, Emmanuel. "Elaboration et études des propriétés physico-chimiques de matériaux composites polymère/métal et piezoélectrique/alumine : extraction, structures et rôle sur l'environnement". Toulon, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOUL0009.
Texto completoNew transducer systems (plezoelectro magnetic or PEM) for deteetion from a distance have been implemented. They are made of two distinct parts: (a) a ceramic-based piezoelectric sensor (Pb, La)(Zr, Ti)03 (or PLZT), and (b) an antenna made of metal/polymer composites. The first step was to carry out the physico-chemical study of antennas made of granular metal/polymer. These antennas can be elaborated using mechanical engraving of composite stands which have a similar metal composition to that of electric percolation. Several series of composites were elaborated: the polymer component is polypheovlene sulphur -PPS- and metallic granular phases are successively Al, Fe, Ni, W, Zn. Each composite in the whole range of metal volume fraction (from 0 to 1) was tested by electrical complex spectrometry. The electric responses (R. L and C components function of metal volume fraction) were modelled by resorting to medium effective approximation (MEA): a new approach taking into account the diversity of size distribution was developed. This approach makes it possible to closely link electric responses to the distributions and sizes of metallic grains. The percolation theory was also used. Critical exponents (s and t) stemming from laws in power were determined for each composite family, so as to interpret the conductance values, under (law in (-3>}'!) and over (law in (-C)') the percolation point (volume fraction <&cl. In order to assess the resistance to corrosion in an acid environment, a corrosion study according to the time of these systems was carried out. The percolation model was put into practice: because of corrosion, critical exponents evolve according to time. The second step was to carry out a study of piezo electric ceramics elaborated from composites (PLZT)/alumina. The role of alumina is to modulate the piezoelectric characteristics so as to permit a certain frequency discrimination of the markers. Polarised composites were characterised by X rays diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Electric measures by electrical complex made it possible to characterize the performance to the neighbourhood of ceramic/electrode systems resonance frequency. The increase in alumina content results in a decrease of resonance frequency and a weakening of resonance amplitude. Modelling through an equivalent electric circuit RLC has made it possible to ascribe the modifications of piezoelectric responses (frequency and resonance amplitude) to the modifications of the piezoelectric phase PLZT and the ceramic micro structure, resulting from a presence of an alumina phase inserted in the ceramic. The growth of the R resistance is thus clearly attributed to the degradation of me piezoelectric phases. The increase of C capacity is linked to the reduction of elastic constants. This reduction is induced by weaker grain boundaries. The L inductance associated with medium masses of the system stays practically unchanged considering the limited content in alumina
Boudjema, Bouzid. "Propriétés électriques et spectroscopiques de matériaux moléculaires (métallophtalocyanines) : étude du dopage p et n par cosublimation en vue de l'obtention de composants électroniques". Lyon 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LYO10007.
Texto completoReynes, Brigitte. "Contribution à l'étude de quelques propriétés physico-chimiques et électroniques de a-SixNyHz préparé par PECVD et dilution hélium". Grenoble 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992GRE10036.
Texto completoFabre, Héloïse. "Contributions des propriétés physico-chimiques de surfaces de titane sur l'adhérence de microorganismes : application aux chambres implantables". Thesis, Le Mans, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LEMA1023/document.
Texto completoTotally implantable venous-access ports are medical devices used for the administration of chemotherapy drugs and/or parenteral nutrition. Infections can occur and it is indispensable in modern-day medical practice to prevent and reduce the rare infectious complications. In this context, the goal of this work was to study the contribution of the modification of physico-chemical properties of titanium based surfaces on the adherence of microorganisms. Surfaces with different characteristics were produced and the adherence of the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus and the yeast Candida albicans was studied in vitro in static conditions. Model surfaces made of titanium dioxide with roughness from nanometer to micrometer were elaborated using silicon wafers recovered with a thin film of titanium dioxide deposited by plasma vapor deposition. Titanium alloy surfaces (Ti grade 2 and Ti grade 5) were modified by polishing, grit-blasting or wire erosion, to create different surface morphologies. In vitro studies were performed and it was found that the number of adhering microorganisms changed with roughness, but more importantly with the surface morphology of the biomaterials and microorganisms size. Flat titanium dioxide thin films were then functionalized by molecular grafting to modify the hydrophobicity of the surface. Study of plasma protein adsorption, by QCM, allowed to better explain the adherence of bacteria and yeast onto these surfaces. The influence of parenteral nutrition and chemotherapy drugs was also studied in order to better approach the real conditions of totally implantable venous-access ports
Brandelet, Benoît. "Caractérisation physico-chimique des particules issues du chauffage domestique au bois". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0287/document.
Texto completoThe issue of the emissions of fine particles, known for their health and environmental hazards, has been significantly covered in recent years. The governments made the decision to help mainly financially the private individuals in order to renew the domestic appliances stock. However, a non-optimized use of an energy-efficient appliance can degrade system performances. In order to solve this issue, many experimental campaigns have been achieved through complete and innovative physicochemical characterizations of the smoke, especially of the fine particles : Scanning Electron Microscope, X-ray microanalysis and assessment of the constitutive Carbon (Elemental Carbon, Organic Carbon). First of all, the definition of the use parameters for the appliance and their impacts allowed offering a significant reduction of the fine particles emissions. In this work, the influences of the parameters such as the nature of the fuel, the ignition mode and the air secondary injection were in this way quantified. In order to better understand the origin of these emissions produced regardless of the combustion quality, the mechanisms of formation of all kinds of particles were defined. In a second phase, this work paid attention to the evolution of the characteristics of particles from the combustion room to the near-field. This enabled to go over the classic normative study. New knowledge on particles was brought to light, helping to better know the particles generation from domestic wood appliances. This could allow in the future to create some specific and efficient treatment systems
Pourreyron, Laurence. "Analyse d'un système de reconstitution corono-radiculaire collé : contribution à son évolution par l'étude des interfaces, interphases et des propriétés physico-chimiques". Paris 5, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA05M108.
Texto completoChaabane-Dammak, Lobna. "Étude des propriétés physico-chimiques et de la microstructure des membranes échangeuses d’ions, modifiées ou non, en présence d’un solvant mixte eau-méthanol et à différentes températures". Paris 12, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA120084.
Texto completoWe have carried out a systematic study of the static and dynamic characteristics of two commercial MEC (CM2 and Nafion®117) in the presence oh H2O-MeOH mixed solvent for different compositions and temperaturs. We have showed that variations of static characteristics are much more pronounced for Nafion than for CM2, which is explained by the influence of MeOH on the dielectric constant of the membrane phase, by the cross-linking difference, and by the auto-accelarated character of the MeOH penetration in Nafion. The interpretation of the results given by three dynamic characteristics (electrical conductivity (km), MeOH permeability (PM), transport number (TA)) by using the micro-heterogeneous model (to determine the fraction of the intergel phase f2) allowsus to correlate these variations with the MeOH content (XM) and to explain the activation energy (EA) variations. The correlation between km and f2 confirmed KREUER's conclusions relative to MEC microstructures (acquired by SAXS) and showed the limits of the micro-heterogeneous model. The analysis of the curve f2=f XM) allowed us to improve HAUBOLD's model by intriducing a new parameter. The PM measurements showed that Nafion117 presents higher MeOH leakage than CM2, which is attributed to their cross-linking difference. TA measurements showed showed a strong selectivity loss for XM>30%. This is due to a strong electrolyte penetration inside the MEI and the formation of ion-pairs. The modifications of MEI showed that each treatment reduces PM and km, but none permits to have weak PM and high km
Bahbouh, Nidal. "Contribution des propriétés structurales et physico-chimiques des surfaces réelles d'InP et du mode d'élaboration aux caractéristiques électriques des diodes Schottky Au, Ag/InP". Montpellier 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON20261.
Texto completoSaad, Moustafa. "Étude des mécanismes d'agglomération des poudres céréaliers : contribution des caractéristiques physiques et chimiques des particules sur leur réactivité. Application pour la fabrication de couscous". Thesis, Montpellier, SupAgro, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NSAM0020.
Texto completoOur research work is a preliminary study to investigate the impact that the surface characteristics of wheat powder particles have on their agglomeration mechanisms in the particular case of couscous production process. The objective of this research work was achieved by considering a multi scale approach: particle, mechanism, and process scale. On particle scale, we identified two characterizing factors of particles related to their physical and chemical reactivity (particles shape and surface chemical composition). We first presented a method based on image analyzing system to describe particles shape of wheat powders and then examined the applicability of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to measure the surface chemical composition of wheat powders. On mechanism scale, we described and modeled one stage of the wet agglomeration mechanisms of wheat powders. On process scale, we produced couscous in pilot scale and evaluated its quality parameters. The relationship between the scales was evaluated by studying the impact of particles characteristics and hydration rate on agglomeration mechanisms, agglomeration yield, and couscous quality
Guerfi, Noureddine. "Formation et propriétés physico-chimiques des interfaces diélectriques/siliciures : oxydes/WSi2, TaSi2 et ErSi [à peu près égal à] 1.7 (0001), CaF2/CoSi2(111)". Grenoble 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991GRE10021.
Texto completoRaminosona, Alain. "Propriétés physico-chimiques des phases solides du système V. P. Mo. 0 : application à la catalyse d'oxydation du butane en anhydride maléique". Compiègne, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985COMPD013.
Texto completoAbboud, Johnny. "Impact des suies issues de biocarburants sur le filtre à particules". Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS015/document.
Texto completoThe aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of oxygenated compounds concentration and structure on sooting tendencies of surrogate Diesel and Biodiesel, and to investigate the properties and the oxidative reactivity of soot obtained by their combustion using an atmospheric axi-symmetric co-flow non-premixed flame burner. Results evidenced that ester functions contained in Biodiesel surrogates reduce soot production. This decrease was more pronounced when the concentration of the oxygenated additive investigated was higher. However, it has been determined that YSI decreases when the aliphatic carbon chain of the ester additive is longer. On the other hand, physico-chemical characterizations of the generated model soot revealed that oxygen and soluble organic fraction (SOF) content decreases when the amount of methyl ester based additives increases in the reference fuel. Moreover, the behavior towards oxidation indicated that the Biodiesel-derived soot was less reactive than the Diesel-derived one. Finally, it was noticed from the results obtained from laser granulometry and TPOs that the particle size distribution and the reactivity of model soot collected from the burner are in the same range of size and of maximum oxidation temperature as soot derived from a Diesel engine functioning under specific conditions and with different type of fuel blending
Laubé, Florian. "Compréhension des phénomènes physicochimiques régissant l’adhésion et la formulation de vernis à ongles à base de résines biosourcées : approches in silico et in vitro". Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1R014.
Texto completoSeveral billion nail polishes are sold every year throughout the world, and the market is still fast-growing. Despite a tightening of regulations over the past twenty years, the composition of varnishes remains problematic from an environmental point of view. The main obstacle to reach a 100% bio-based varnish is the secondary film-forming agent, or resin, which provides the additional adhesion, the gloss and the stability that nitrocellulose lacks. In this context, we have focused on understanding the physicochemistry of these complex systems in order to assist the design of new compatible biosourced resins through the establishment of structures-properties relationships. First, complete physicochemical characterizations (surface aspect and surface energy, composition, permeability) were carried out on native nails and two semi-synthetic models. An adhesion test was developed to evaluate the adhesion of formulations onto substrates. Correlated to physicochemical characterizations, these results allowed to identify the best model of the native nail and highlighted the adhesion mechanisms at the varnish-nail interface. In parallel, the "benchmarks" resins were characterized in order to define precise specifications according to their application performances. Thanks to the adaptation of prediction tools to polymers, we managed to link structural modifications to solubility and was validated using synthesized model oligoesters. The impact of some structural features on the gloss or the hardness of resins has been highlighted and the identified structures-properties relationships were confirmed through the evaluation of the performances of new bio-based polyester resins
Lefebvre, Guillaume. "Modification de surface de particules de talc par de la silice nanométrique hydrophobe (par enrobage à sec) : influence sur leurs propriétés physico-chimiques et leur dispersibilité dans une phase aqueuse". Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010INPT0080/document.
Texto completoPowder technology concerns the phenomena encountered in industrial processes involving divided solids. Such processes are found in the pharmaceutical, cosmetics, and food industries (where many products are based on powders; tablets, granules, suspensions), and in the paint industry where solid pigments are dispersed in liquids. In particular this thesis examines the dispersion of powders in liquids which depends strongly on the interactions between solids and liquids and can be assessed by the solid-liquid interfacial energy. This energy is directly linked to the surface tension of the liquid and the surface energy of the solid through the contact angle in the Young equation. The contact angle is used to calculate the work of adhesion between a powder and a liquid and characterises the wettability of the powder. Talc powder, mainly used in paper industry, is used in this study. The surface of talc powder has been modified by dry coating with hydrophobic nano-silica (Aerosil® R972) using two different devices: a high shear mixer (Cyclomix®), and a planetary ball mill. The aim being to observe the effect of surface modification on the wettability and surface energy of coated talc particles and the effect of these surface energy changes on the dispersability of particles. Different parameters have been considered: the concentration of hydrophobic silica, the duration of processing without silica and with 3 % silica. Surface modifications have been assessed using the sessile drop method, capillary rise, inverse gas chromatography (IGC) and dynamic vapour sorption (DVS). This study shows that not only the surface wettability is modified by the treatment of particles in the coating devices, but also their physical characteristics such as their bulk density, their rheology, their buoyancy and thus their dispersibility. Finally, a study is made of the effect the stirring power of the aqueous phase on the dispersibality of talc powders coated with different concentrations hydrophobic silica
Anancharoenwong, Ekasit. "Synthesis and characterization of cis-1, 4-polyisoprene-based polyurethane coatings ; study of their adhesive properties on metal surface". Phd thesis, Université du Maine, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00649080.
Texto completoLemaire, Romain. "Étude de l'impact de la combustion de différents types de carburants sur les caractéristiques physico-chimiques des particules de suie par couplage de l'incandescence et de la fluorescence induite par laser". Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10138.
Texto completoSoot particles generated in combustion processes are strongly linked to various environmental and health problems. As a consequence, regulations regarding particulate emissions are becoming more and more stringent. To reduce the quantities of soot emitted into the atmosphere, fundamental studies have to be undertaken in order to better understand the mechanisms involved in the formation of soot particles. The objective of this work is to study the impact of the combustion of different types of fuels on the physical-chemical properties of soot. To this end, a hybrid bumer has been specially designed in order to generate a series of liquid fuel diffusion flames whose hydrodynamic behaviour is similar and independent of the physical properties of the tested fuels. Quantitative mappings of soot and soot precursors have been carried out in flames of kerosene, Diesel, gasoline, biofuels and various kerosene and Diesel surrogates by coupling Laser Induced Incandescence and Laser Induced Fluorescence (Lll/LIF). By comparing the LII signaIs obtained for different excitation wavelengths, it has been possible to determine the evolution of the optical properties of soot as a function of the wavelength. The evolution of the physical properties of soot particles (density, specific heat, refractive index, diameter) during the combustion process have been derived from the analysis of the LII fluence curves and time decays obtained at different heights in the flames. Finally, a microprobe sampling system has been developed in order to obtain soot samples which have then been analysed using laser desorption/laser ionization/time-of- tlight mass spectrometry to determine the nature of the chemicals adsorbed on the soot surface
Lemaire, Romain. "Étude de l'impact de la combustion de différents types de carburants sur les caractéristiques physico-chimiques des particules de suie par couplage de l'incandescence et de la fluorescence induite par laser". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10138.
Texto completoSoot particles generated in combustion processes are strongly linked to various environmental and health problems. As a consequence, regulations regarding particulate emissions are becoming more and more stringent. To reduce the quantities of soot emitted into the atmosphere, fundamental studies have to be undertaken in order to better understand the mechanisms involved in the formation of soot particles. The objective of this work is to study the impact of the combustion of different types of fuels on the physical-chemical properties of soot. To this end, a hybrid bumer has been specially designed in order to generate a series of liquid fuel diffusion flames whose hydrodynamic behaviour is similar and independent of the physical properties of the tested fuels. Quantitative mappings of soot and soot precursors have been carried out in flames of kerosene, Diesel, gasoline, biofuels and various kerosene and Diesel surrogates by coupling Laser Induced Incandescence and Laser Induced Fluorescence (Lll/LIF). By comparing the LII signaIs obtained for different excitation wavelengths, it has been possible to determine the evolution of the optical properties of soot as a function of the wavelength. The evolution of the physical properties of soot particles (density, specific heat, refractive index, diameter) during the combustion process have been derived from the analysis of the LII fluence curves and time decays obtained at different heights in the flames. Finally, a microprobe sampling system has been developed in order to obtain soot samples which have then been analysed using laser desorption/laser ionization/time-of- tlight mass spectrometry to determine the nature of the chemicals adsorbed on the soot surface
Hachicha, Mohamed Abdennacer. "Préparation par décharge luminescente du silicium microcristallin non dopé et dopé (B et P) et contribution à l'étude de leurs propriétés électroniques et physico-chimiques". Grenoble 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988GRE10050.
Texto completoMathlouthi, Chourouk. "Étude des propriétés thermodynamiques et dynamiques des polymères confinés en géométrie nanoparticules". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAI035/document.
Texto completoThe impact of confinement on the physical properties of polymers is an important topic for both fundamental and academic aspects and has gathered an intensive interest within the polymer physics community. In particular the relationship between the glass transition (Tg) and the dynamic of confined polymers has remained the center of a controversial debate over the past two decades. While the glass transition measured by thermal expansion is remarkably decreased in thin films, the alpha dynamic of polymers was found to be invariant, which can be seen as incoherence with the time-temperature superposition. To search the origin of these controversies and answer the questions posed in this debate, we focus the study on the thermal properties of confined polystyrene in the compact structure with a high surface area such as nanoparticles. Even though the particles geometry exhibit several advantages such as higher free surface and mild processing method, only few studies have been carried out on it compared to that on the thin films.The main objective of this thesis is to investigate the behavior of Tg and the dynamics of confined polystyrene in particles in the close packed structure, where the spherical particles are separated by voids, and to compare them to their corresponding bulk. We investigate the kinetic of void closure to quantify the α-dynamic of confined polystyrene in particles. We extract information about the heat capacity (Cp) from differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) thermograms. We show that the Cp of confined polystyrene is similar to that of bulk in the glassy regime and deviates from it between Tg -30 ° C and Tg. The magnitude of this deviation increases with increasing the free surface area. This was interpreted by the existence and the propagation of a mobile layer on the free surface or the existence of a zone with higher expansion coefficient. On the other hand, the α-dynamic probed via the void closure in the area where Cp increases was found to exhibit a bulk behavior.A second objective of this thesis is to investigate the physical aging of confined polystyrene in particles in the glassy regime. We quantify the enthalpy recovery during aging of both confined polystyrene and their corresponding bulk at various temperatures and aging times. We show that the physical aging process depends on the processing history of the polymer and is highly affected by the confinement
Schobing, Julie. "Etude expérimentale et modélisation de l’impact des biocarburants sur le fonctionnement des filtres à particules". Thesis, Mulhouse, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MULH1439.
Texto completoIn order to respect the European standards concerning exhaust gas pollutant emissions, heavy-duty frucks are now equipped with a complex post-freatment line whose durability have to be proven over 700 000 Because of the possible rarefaction of fossil fuels and of the increase of atmospheric pollution, the use of alternative fuel becomes necessary. In comparison to classic diesel fuel, biodiesel contains inorganic elements. Even though their presence is limited, they can interact with the post-freatment line catalysts and thus compromise their behavior in case of massive biodiesel use. The impact of biodiesel on particulate filter (DPF) operation was investigated. The study concerning the impact of K, Na and P on impregnated model diesel soot reactivity has shown that K and Na have a beneficial effect on both C-N02 and C-02 reactions. P has an inhibiting effect on C-02 but a sfrong catalytic impact on C-N02 reaction in presence of water. The analysis of real diesel soot has shown that biodiesel leads to less soot but which are more reactive. K- and P-doping of biodiesel has shown that these inorganic elements are directly reffieved in soot composition and significantly modify their reactivity. The study of soot oxidation in presence of a catalyst which is representative of a comrnercial DPF has shown that the stronger is the soot-catalyst contact, the sfronger is the catalyst efficiency. The presence of inorganic elements enhances the contact and thus the catalyst efficiency
Lu, Huiling. "Contribution à l'étude des relations structure-propriétés de molécules amphiphiles à tête sucre". Thesis, Compiègne, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016COMP2316/document.
Texto completoIn the context of sustainable development, the use of biodegradable and low toxic renewable resources is particularly important. ln particular, the literature shows that the bio-based amphiphilic molecules with a sugar head, or the glycolipids, are excellent substitutes of the petrochemical surfactants used massively in current formulations. To limit the experimental screening and to orient the choice of the syntheses of such molecules, a predictive approach based on the analysis of the molecular structure would make it possible to anticipate the properties of the amphiphilic molecules and to identify those with specific properties. The objective of this work is to develop a methodology through systematic syntheses, characterizations and analyses of glycolipids with gradual structural modifications, with the aim of identifying relevant links between heir amphiphilic properties and their structural characteristics. The obtained experimental data should make it possible to establish a comparable and reliable database, necessary for the development of predictive models. The results showed the significant influence of some structural parameters on the physico-chemical properties with clear trends, which are otherwise difficult to observe by using the non-comparable data collected from the literature. This work also demonstrated the importance of considering the behavior of amphiphilic molecules in water, through knowledge of their phase diagram, which allows for the unambiguous definition of certain properties like the CMC
Magro, Laura. "Microfluidique papier : de la physique des écoulements au diagnostic du virus Ebola en Guinée". Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066281/document.
Texto completoPaper properties – such as capillary pump, affordability and availability – made it suitable for medical diagnostics in logistic and economic field constraints. Upstream of application, we studied liquid flows in wax-confined geometries. Hydrodynamic focus coupled to evaporation creates a concentrator effect reaching an amplification factor of 1000. Diagnosis continuity from the point of care to testing laboratory is insured thanks to hybrid paper-microsystem devices. In this thesis, the elution of dried samples in paper is quantified and its compatibility with various microfluidic functions demonstrated. We were interested in two diagnostics application: detection of a cardiac biomarker by immunoassay and of Ebola virus by nucleic acids amplification (RT-RPA). With simple paper devices and a colorimetric signal, Troponin has been detected until a concentration of 1 ng/mL. Early diagnostics of infectious diseases is made possible with molecular biology on paper. After laboratory preliminary developments on synthetic RNA strains, experiments performed in Guinea with clinical samples, from ready to use papers, with carry-on equipments achieved a sensitivity of 85.3%. Multiplexed diagnostics is obtained in multilayered geometries enabling simultaneous tests and controls. Finally, application to other pathogens, like HIV and Dengue, showed paper limits from its uncontrolled bio-chemical environment