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Grieco, Margaret y Ronald McQuaid. "Symposium on Transport and Particular Populations". Research in Transportation Economics 25, n.º 1 (enero de 2009): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.retrec.2009.08.005.
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ILIEV, BOZHIDAR Z. "CONNECTIONS, PARALLEL TRANSPORTS AND TRANSPORTS ALONG PATHS". International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics 05, n.º 07 (noviembre de 2008): 1137–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219887808003260.
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The concepts "connection", "parallel transport" and "transport along paths" are axiomatically defined. In differentiable bundles, bijective mappings between the sets of connections, parallel transports and transports along paths satisfying some additional conditions are found; in particular, the equivalence between the concepts "connection" and "(axiomatically defined) parallel transport" is established. Some results, which are specific for topological and vector bundles, are presented.
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ILIEV, BOZHIDAR Z. "LINKS BETWEEN CONNECTIONS, PARALLEL TRANSPORTS AND TRANSPORTS ALONG PATHS IN DIFFERENTIABLE FIBER BUNDLES". International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics 02, n.º 05 (octubre de 2005): 823–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219887805000806.
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The axiomatic approach to parallel transport theory is partially discussed. Bijective correspondences between the sets of connections, (axiomatically defined) parallel transports and transports along paths that satisfy some additional conditions are constructed. In particular, the equivalence between the concepts "connection" and "(axiomatically defined) parallel transport" is established.
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Trubia, Salvatore, Alessandro Severino, Salvatore Curto, Fabio Arena y Giovanni Pau. "On BRT Spread around the World: Analysis of Some Particular Cities". Infrastructures 5, n.º 10 (20 de octubre de 2020): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures5100088.
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The goal of civil engineering has always been the research and implementation of methods, technologies, and infrastructures to improve the community’s quality of life. One of the branches of civil engineering that has the strongest effect on progress is transport. The quality of transport has a profound economic and social impact on our communities regarding trade (freight transport) and city livability (public transport systems). However, innovation is not the only way to improve the features above-mentioned, especially public transport, considering that it is usually beneficial to enhance and repurpose vehicles with appropriate adjustments to offer more efficient services. Other perspectives that influence public transport systems are the costs and times of design and construction, maintenance, operating costs, and environmental impact, especially concerning CO2 emissions. Considering these issues, among the various types of existing public transport systems, those of the so-called Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) offer worthwhile results. The BRT system is a type of public road transport operated by bus on reserved lanes, and it is significantly profitable, especially from an economic point of view, in areas where there are existing bus routes. Nonetheless, for the construction of works minimization, it is closely linked to other features that improve its usefulness, depending on the vehicles’ quality such as capacity, but above all, the propulsion or driving autonomy that would guarantee high efficiency. This paper introduces an analysis of some BRT systems operating worldwide, presenting the background, general technical features, and the correlation with autonomous vehicles.
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Bošnjak, Rino, Danko Kezić, Goran Belamarić y Srećko Krile. "MODELLING OF VTS SUPERVISOR BY ALGORITHM BASED ON PETRI NET: CASE STUDY OF DOVER INCIDENT". Transport 36, n.º 4 (11 de noviembre de 2021): 305–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2021.15824.
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The paper deals with collision prevention problem in maritime transport in the area of the narrow canals with predefined routes. The Dover incident, which is analysed and described in the paper, has shown that the control of the passage of ships through the critical areas must be upgraded with an automatic supervising system, which warns the human operator of incorrect ship motion and help the operator to make the right and timely decision. The general idea is to improve the safety of navigation by introduction of automatic collision prevention based on automated supervisor helping to human operator in Vessel Traffic System (VTS) control centre. The VTS supervisor automatically monitors marine traffic by using data from Automatic Radar Plotting Aid (ARPA) radar and others sensors. Such supervisor detects real time and Course Over Ground (COG) of the vessel entering a particular sector, and then estimates the required time for vessel’s passage into another sector. VTS supervisor compares the real time and estimated time of passage of the specific ship through particular sector as a part of surveillance area. In addition, it compares and monitors the deviation of the course during transition of zones (sectors). If significant difference for both values are occurred VTS supervisor triggers a time alarm or a course alarm respectively. In the paper authors have modelled and simulated collision prevention with performed by the alarm actions of VTS supervisor improved with algorithm module based on hybrid Petri net formalism and Visual Object Net ++ tool.
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Jain, Udit y Rajat Rastogi. "REVISION OF PV2 CRITERIA BASED PEDESTRIAN CROSSING WARRANTS". Transport 35, n.º 2 (22 de abril de 2020): 168–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2020.12474.
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Several guideline documents on pedestrian crossing warrants are followed around the world. Peak hour pedestrian volume “P” and vehicular volume “V” are two most commonly used factors in these guidelines. PV2 is a criteria, which is used in guideline documents of India, Iran and UK to identify the need of warranting a particular mid-block location. In India, these guidelines were adapted from UK in 1988 and have not been revised in the last three decades. These guidelines report a benchmark value, in the excess of which a location should be warranted. The benchmark values are based on peak flows of 1980s, which have increased drastically over the years. In addition, the guidelines do not identify the type of crossing facility, which should be provided at a particular location. Therefore, these guidelines need to be revised. In this paper, PV2 matrices have been developed for a variety of road configurations using the maximum field hourly flows as the upper bounds. Further, probability distributions have been fitted to the PV2 values. Threshold values have been proposed based on the curvilinear characteristics of the probability distributions. The revised PV2 values vary from 0.6×108 to 2.1×1011 for different roadway configurations. The ranges formed using these values have been used to classify the type of crossing facility to be installed using a systematic hierarchical approach. The warrant charts and PV2 value ranges can be used to identify the need, as well as the most appropriate crossing facility for the site based on the peak hour pedestrian volume and vehicular volume. The proposed PV2 values and warrants are based on Indian traffic flow conditions. These threshold values may require modifications for application in any other country.
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Černá, Lenka, Vladislav Zitrický, Peter Blaho y Peter Šulko. "Proposal international transport chain during the transport of tires". MATEC Web of Conferences 235 (2018): 00021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201823500021.
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In view of a continuously growing freight turnover, the road transport has been increasingly developing not only in the Slovak Republic, but also in the European Union, as a whole. The European Union, by applying legal instruments, seeks to change the situation in favour of safer, more efficient and environmentally friendly modes of transport, such as railways and inland water transport. The railway scientists and experts from the Slovak Republic compare the transport and tariff conditions for the carriage of automobile tires by railway and road transport on the route Puchov - Hannover in a real environment. Based on the comparative analysis, they assess the time and economic indicators of complexity and efficiency in the transportation of a particular type of cargo on a particular route.
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Solís, Cecilia, Simona Somacescu, Elena Palafox, María Balaguer y José M. Serra. "Particular Transport Properties of NiFe2O4 Thin Films at High Temperatures". Journal of Physical Chemistry C 118, n.º 42 (13 de octubre de 2014): 24266–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp506938k.
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Rehak, David, David Patrman, Veronika Brabcová y Zdeněk Dvořák. "IDENTIFYING CRITICAL ELEMENTS OF ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE USING CASCADING IMPACT ASSESSMENT". Transport 35, n.º 3 (4 de mayo de 2020): 300–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2020.12414.
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Road transport is a key means of transporting people and cargo on land. Its particular advantages are speed and operability, which are balanced, however, by dependence on road infrastructure. Road infrastructure reliability is an important factor in its functioning. If some elements of road infrastructure are disrupted or fail, the function of dependent infrastructures, such as the integrated rescue system or industry, are also impaired and may fail. These important elements of road infrastructure should be identified as critical and be given greater attention when identifying weaknesses and implementing subsequent security measures. This article introduces the Identifying Critical Elements of Road Infrastructure (ICERI) method, which was designed to make use of Cascading Impact Assessments (CIA). The use of CIA allows critical elements to be identified through impact escalation analysis. These impacts can therefore be monitored not only in road transport infrastructure but also across the entire critical infrastructure system.
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Poliak, Miloš, Jaroslava Kubáňová, Natalia Aleksandrovna Zhuravleva, Marek Jaśkiewicz y Natalia Lakhmetkina. "Identification of the Impact of Transport Performance on the Economy of Particular Area". LOGI – Scientific Journal on Transport and Logistics 14, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2023): 192–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/logi-2023-0018.
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Abstract Transport is one of the most important economic sectors in the world. It is a fundamental and important element of a country’s GDP. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is considered one of the most important indicators of economic performance of a country. GDP can be compiled for both a country and a region. Changes in technology and economic structure of the production system of an area are the central issues of long-term economic growth according to the increase in the gross value added of a region. In this paper, the authors focus on finding out how the development of road freight transport performance affects the economy of a region. At the same time, they try to answer the question to what extent transport regulation can influence the economic development of an area. The research is mainly focused on EU policies aimed at regulating road freight transport.
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Prentkovskis, Olegas, Edgar Sokolovskij y Vilius Bartulis. "INVESTIGATING TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS: A COLLISION OF TWO MOTOR VEHICLES". TRANSPORT 25, n.º 2 (30 de junio de 2010): 105–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2010.14.
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Traffic safety may be ensured by normal operation of all elements of the system, including the driver, a motor vehicle and transportation medium. Insufficient safety of some particular elements of this system (the lack of discipline of the participants of traffic, poor technical state of a motor vehicle or road, etc.) are the main causes of traffic accidents. Statistical data on traffic accidents in 2000–2009 in Lithuania is presented. Collisions of motor vehicles in 2009 make one of the largest proportion of all traffic accidents ‐ 33.4%. In 2009 drivers, were the main traffic accident perpetrators ‐ 73.6%. The paper considers some major aspects of motor vehicle collision simulation based on the application of PC‐CRASH software, allowing researchers to analyze the changes in the direction of motor vehicle motion in the case of a collision and the influencing factors. This type of traffic accident simulation consists in studying the circumstances of collision, reconstructing the processes, calculating the pre‐impact speed of motor vehicles and deter‐ mining various parameters of motor vehicles’ movement at different stages of traffic accident development.
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Kawata, Takuya y Takahiro Tsukahara. "Spectral Analysis on Transport Budgets of Turbulent Heat Fluxes in Plane Couette Turbulence". Energies 15, n.º 14 (20 de julio de 2022): 5258. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15145258.
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In recent years, scale-by-scale energy transport in wall turbulence has been intensively studied, and the complex spatial and interscale transfer of turbulent energy has been investigated. As the enhancement of heat transfer is one of the most important aspects of turbulence from an engineering perspective, it is also important to study how turbulent heat fluxes are transported in space and in scale by nonlinear multi-scale interactions in wall turbulence as well as turbulent energy. In the present study, the spectral transport budgets of turbulent heat fluxes are investigated based on direct numerical simulation data of a turbulent plane Couette flow with a passive scalar heat transfer. The transport budgets of spanwise spectra of temperature fluctuation and velocity-temperature correlations are investigated in detail in comparison to those of the corresponding Reynolds stress spectra. The similarity and difference between those scale-by-scale transports are discussed, with a particular focus on the roles of interscale transport and spatial turbulent diffusion. As a result, it is found that the spectral transport of the temperature-related statistics is quite similar to those of the Reynolds stresses, and in particular, the inverse interscale transfer is commonly observed throughout the channel in both transport of the Reynolds shear stress and wall-normal turbulent heat flux.
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Tokar’, M. Z. "On transport, in particular of impurities, in a stochastic magnetic field". Physics of Plasmas 6, n.º 7 (julio de 1999): 2808–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.873238.
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Brennan, M. J. y K. F. Ness. "Comments on electron transport in gases with particular reference to argon". Il Nuovo Cimento D 14, n.º 9 (septiembre de 1992): 933–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02451677.
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Newman, Karl y Rosa Greaves. "II. Transport". International and Comparative Law Quarterly 45, n.º 1 (enero de 1996): 219–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020589300058759.
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The arrival of Neil Kinnock, in January 1995, as the new Commissioner in charge of the transport portfolio, has led to particular emphasis on three objectives: improvement of the quality of the European transport system; integration of the transport policy into the single market; and negotiations with non-Community countries.1 During the last 18 months, the main legal developments continue to be concerned primarily with infrastructure, safety, negotiations with non-Community countries and improving the competitiveness of the industry by adopting liberalising measures and enforcing the EC competition rules.
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Gidlewski, Mirosław, Leon Prochowski y Wojciech Wach. "DETERMINING THE POSITION AND STATE OF POST-IMPACT MOTION OF A MOTOR VEHICLE STRUCK ON ITS SIDE AT A ROAD INTERSECTION, BASED ON EXPERIMENTAL TESTS". Transport 34, n.º 3 (9 de mayo de 2019): 330–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2019.9684.
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The modelling, simulation, and reconstruction of road accidents are difficult processes, where experimental test results must be used at different stages of the work. Such data are needed e.g. to create or improve models of vehicle collision dynamics and to validate the results of computer simulations of vehicle motion during and after the collision. Within the work, experimental tests were carried out and the test results were utilized for determining specific values of the parameters that characterize the state of motion of the impacted vehicle during the collision and after the vehicle separation from each other. The test results make it possible to determine the initial values to be used in calculations of further free motion of the vehicle after a side impact. In particular, they enable defining the influence of the location of the point of impact against the vehicle side on the position and angle of rotation of the vehicle in relation to the global reference frame and on the value, direction, and sense of the vector of linear velocity of the centre of vehicle mass and the vector of angular velocity of the vehicle body around the vertical axis. These data constitute information sufficient to determine the energy of translation and rotation of the vehicle struck on its side at a road intersection and to carry out a simulation of the vehicle motion immediately following the collision
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Černá, Lenka, Vladislav Zitrický y Borna Abramović. "Methodical Manual for a Set of Transport Regulations in Railway Passenger Transport". LOGI – Scientific Journal on Transport and Logistics 11, n.º 1 (1 de mayo de 2020): 13–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/logi-2020-0002.
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AbstractThe European Union is the first and only region worldwide where passengers have comprehensive and integrated fundamental rights on all modes of transport. The rights are based on the principles of non-discrimination, accurate, timely and accessible information as well as prompt and adequate assistance. There is also a specific code of transport regulating conditions under which a carrier transports persons, baggage, animals and goods on the rail network. The actual creation of such transport regulations should follow from a certain methodology. Thus, the paper´s objective is to propose methodical procedures that would be related to a set of regulations in railway passenger transport. The manual proposed will respect relevant legislation, which determines minimum requirements for developing transport regulations, and obligations of carriers as well. As the code of transport is part of public proposals for concluding transport contracts of the carriage of passengers, the methodical manual will contribute to making regulations in passenger transport to be better suited to practical requirements. In general, it may be argued that the manual will ensure establishing transport regulations which will be concise, clear, comprehensible, and which, in particular, will comply with the legislation and requirements of the transport service ordering party. It should therefore contain certain points to be followed when developing transport rules.
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Petkevičius, Kazys, Lijana Maskeliūnaitė y Henrikas Sivilevičius. "DETERMINING TRAVEL CONDITIONS ON MOTORWAYS FOR AUTOMOBILE TRASPORT BASED ON THE CASE STUDY FOR LITHUANIAN HIGHWAYS". Transport 34, n.º 1 (5 de febrero de 2019): 89–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2019.7842.
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In Lithuania, the efforts are made to ensure the conditions of safe, comfortable and fast passenger and freight transportation on Lithuanian roads, satisfying geometric characteristics of their particular categories and the specified requirements to their pavement. The considered characteristics of pavement include its roughness, strength and the admissible rut depth and destruction level. Rest and Service Areas (RSAs) are usually set up at the roadside. The paper presents a description of the conditions specified for the movement of motor vehicles on the major Lithuanian roads in the seasons of warm weather and a Classification Model (CM) of the required conditions. It also provides the results of the evaluation of actual Travel Conditions (TCs) on the main Lithuanian roads by using the developed model. The obtained results show that in 2016 on the considered highways were good and very good, except for road A9, where the TCs were satisfactory. It is demonstrated that the distances between RSAs comply with the recommended distances. It is also shown that roughness of pavement and strength of the Structure of the Pavement (SP) depend on the destruction level of pavement. The values of such pavement parameters as roughness, rut depth and destruction level, which should not be exceeded because they help to ensure either comfortable or good TCs on Lithuanian highways, are given. The suggested model of road TCs can be used for determining the quality of TCs on highways.
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Roy, Rupali y Pritam Saha. "ANALYSIS OF VEHICLE-TYPE-SPECIFIC HEADWAYS ON TWO-LANE ROADS WITH MIXED TRAFFIC". Transport 35, n.º 6 (7 de enero de 2021): 588–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2020.14136.
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Time headway is an important microscopic traffic flow parameter, which affects safety, level-of-service, capacity and traffic simulation. It is, therefore, important to know the specific distribution for a particular roadway and traffic condition. Further, headway between two vehicles depends on the type of lead vehicle and is influenced by its size and dynamics. Such impact is considerably high on two-lane roads with mixed traffic composed of a wide variety of vehicle types. This paper identified sixteen combinations of vehicle pairs and analysed vehicle-type-specific headways using field data. Appropriate distribution functions were fitted to field data and predictive models were used in understanding carfollowing behaviour. Observations indicate that quite often bike riders become reluctant in obeying lane discipline. However, car drivers show conservative attitude and usually, keep safe distance from the lead vehicle except the case when they follow another car. In addition, while following Non-Motorized Vehicles (NMV), most of the drivers keep reasonably safe distances. In this paper, a comparison of computed headway probabilities was also made with those obtained from more or less homogeneous traffic. It was found that values obtained in current study are high in most of the instances. This indicates risk-taking behaviour of driver population, which eventually affects safety of such roads. The present study, thus, demonstrates the need of investigating vehicle-type-specific headways under mixed traffic based on comprehensive field data.
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Dzyura, Volodymyr, Pavlo Maruschak, Stoyan Slavov y Diyan Dimitrov. "APPLYING REGULAR RELIEF ONTO CONICAL SURFACES OF CONTINUOUSLY VARIABLE TRANSMISSION TO ENHANCE ITS WEAR RESISTANCE". Transport 38, n.º 3 (29 de diciembre de 2023): 178–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2023.20628.
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While investigating the variator transmission of vehicles, the relationship between the technological and service parameters of the working surfaces of conical disks treated by technological methods was established. The service properties are proposed to be enhanced by Regular MicroReliefs (RMRs) created on such surfaces. The optimal technological processing conditions were found, which allow retaining the greatest amount of lubricant. The causes of surface defects, formed on the working surfaces of conical disks of the Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT), are systematized and classified. The wear resistance of such surfaces is proposed to be enhanced by technological methods, in particular, by forming partially RMRs on them. Their application facilitates relaxation processes on the material near to the surface, reduces shear stresses and strains, thus preventing the formation of burrs and extending the life of the conical disks of the CVT. A novel approach for obtaining the toolpaths of the deforming element, based on the so-called “Commis–Voyageur problem” algorithms, is employed in order to research the possibilities for involving that methods in toolpath generation. Dependences between the partial RMR’s formation conditions (deforming forces and feedrate) and microgeometric quality parameters are established. The latter include surface roughness, with a partially RMR applied onto the face surfaces of the test specimen (rotary body). It is found that these microreliefs enhance the ability of oil retaining in plastically deformed traces, formed over the operational surfaces, in comparison with those, that are processed by traditional cutting methods, as turning for example.
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Ivah, Ya y M. Senkiv. "The transport geologistics considering Ukraine’s defence capability". Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Geography, n.º 63 (2015): 40–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2721.2015.63.10.
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Ukraine’s transport infrastructure, in particular, railway, motor, aviation and maritime, is analyzed from the point of view of military logistics. The influence of transport geologistics, and in particular transport infrastructure development on Ukraine’s defence capability level in the modern war conditions is substantiated. Based on the graph theory the estimation of transport and geographical position of motor transport junctions on the major highways, as an important factor of transport geologistics in Ukraine, is made. The ways of increasing the level of Ukraine’s defense capability in the context of transport geologistics are proposed.
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Fuchiwaki, Masaki, Yoshitaka Naka y Kazuhiro Tanaka. "Performance of a Micro Pump Driven by Conducting Polymer Soft Actuator Based on Polypyrrole". Advanced Materials Research 93-94 (enero de 2010): 615–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.93-94.615.
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Micro pumps are essential components of micro-fluidic systems and bio-sensing systems. In particular, the micro pump used for -TAS transports fluids at a micro flow rate with high precision. This micro pump is also used to transport high-viscosity fluids because there are various types of drugs to be transported. We developed a micro pump driven by a conducting polymer soft actuator that opens and closes. Although the developed micro pump contains no valve, the micro pump can transport fluids in one direction without backflow. A newly developed micro pump driven by a conducting polymer soft actuator can transport fluids in one direction without backflow by the opening and closing of two soft actuators.
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Kamal, Murshid, Ali Alarjani, Ahteshamul Haq, Faiz Noor Khan Yusufi y Irfan Ali. "MULTI-OBJECTIVE TRANSPORTATION PROBLEM UNDER TYPE-2 TRAPEZOIDAL FUZZY NUMBERS WITH PARAMETERS ESTIMATION AND GOODNESS OF FIT". Transport 36, n.º 4 (24 de noviembre de 2021): 317–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2021.15649.
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The problem of transportation in real-life is an uncertain multi-objective decision-making problem. In particular, by taking into account the conflicting objectives, Decision-Makers (DMs) are looking for the best transport set up to determine the optimum shipping quantity subject to certain capacity constraints on each route. This paper presented a Multi-Objective Transportation Problem (MOTP) where the objective functions are considered as Type-2 trapezoidal fuzzy numbers (T2TpFN), respectively. Demand and supply in constraints are in multi-choice and probabilistic random variables, respectively. Also considered the “rate of increment in Transportation Cost (TC) and rate of decrement in profit on transporting the products from ith sources to jth destinations due to” (or additional cost) of each product due to the damage, late deliveries, weather conditions, and any other issues. Due to the presence of all these uncertainties, it is not possible to obtain the optimum solution directly, so first, we need to convert all these uncertainties from the model into a crisp equivalent form. The two-phase defuzzification technique is used to transform T2TpFN into a crisp equivalent form. Multi-choice and probabilistic random variables are transformed into an equivalent value using Stochastic Programming (SP) approach and the binary variable, respectively. It is assumed that the supply and demand parameter follows various types of probabilistic distributions like Weibull, Extreme value, Cauchy and Pareto, Normal distribution, respectively. The unknown parameters of probabilistic distributions estimated using the maximum likelihood estimation method at the defined probability level. The best fit of the probability distributions is determined using the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and the Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC), respectively. Using the Fuzzy Goal Programming (FGP) method, the final problem is solved for the optimal decision. A case study is intended to provide the effectiveness of the proposed work.
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Bruun, Eric, Duncan Allen y Moshe Givoni. "CHOOSING THE RIGHT PUBLIC TRANSPORT SOLUTION BASED ON PERFORMANCE OF COMPONENTS". Transport 33, n.º 4 (5 de diciembre de 2018): 1017–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2018.6157.
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Planners often focus on a specific mode too early in the design and selection process, especially on the choice between bus and rail technology. It may be that available Right of Way (RoW), alignment characteristics and other design features are more important. In this paper, we first identify the principal components central to performance of a particular role common to all major Public Transport (PT) investments. The primary aim is to offer a more mode-neutral alternative selection process that benefits from ex-post cost and performance information about a substantial number of actual PT systems broken down into these components to the extent that is possible. Less quantitative components and features, such as passenger experience, scalability, and implementability are then discussed for their role in increasing or diminishing the attractiveness of alternative candidate component packages in the desired range of the quantitative criteria. The results show that investment costs increase with the degree of separation of RoW, regardless of rail or bus technology, with rail having an additive “technology premium”. Higher Average Operating Speed (AOS) reduces investment in vehicles and the Operating and Maintenance (O&M) cost, regardless of technology. At low/moderate passenger traffic densities, Semirapid Bus modes have lower O&M costs than Semirapid Rail. At the highest densities, Rapid Rail and Regional Rail modes exhibit clear economies of scale. For mixed street running, rail-related components cause a far more expensive total investment on per unit of Productive Capacity (PC) basis. As the required PC increases, rail modes become consistently less expensive. The main conclusion is that in order to improve value-for-money of PT it is critical to develop innovative component technologies and construction techniques, which are not necessarily rail or bus specific.
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Semenov, Andrey Viktorovich. "Particular issues of legal regulation of non-contractual liability in maritime transport". SHS Web of Conferences 134 (2022): 00115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202213400115.
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A distinctive feature of non-contractual liability as a legal concept is the existence of noncontractual liability for parties that are not in a contractual relationship with each other. The damage caused in this case will be recognized as a consequence of actions not related to the violation of contractual obligations. In this situation, the tortfeasor violates the general absolute obligation not to encroach on other people’s subjective rights. It should be noted that non-contractual liability is often equated with delictual liability arising from harm. Delictual liability is the most common among non-contractual liability. However, the concept of non-contractual liability is much deeper and subject to expanded interpretation, that is, it includes various cases of liability in the absence of contracts besides delictual liability. Problematic issues related to non-contractual liability in maritime transport are an urgent problem in contemporary legislation. Resolving the given issues will be useful for law enforcement. The author investigates problematic issues of the application of non-contractual liability in maritime transport, and proposes to clarify and supplement the legislation in the field under consideration.
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Aniszewski, Andrzej. "Particular application of a mathematical transport model incorporating sub-surface reactive pollutants". Acta Geophysica 59, n.º 1 (28 de octubre de 2010): 110–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11600-010-0040-7.
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Ponti, Marco. "The Regulatory Issues of Transport Infrastructures, and of Toll Highways in Particular". Research in Transportation Economics 15 (enero de 2005): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0739-8859(05)15001-x.
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Rosik, Piotr. "Determinants of demand in individual transport with particular reference to spatial aspect". Europa XXI 31 (2016): 81–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.7163/eu21.2016.31.6.
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Meijers, A. J., N. L. Bindoff y J. L. Roberts. "On the Total, Mean, and Eddy Heat and Freshwater Transports in the Southern Hemisphere of a ⅛° × ⅛° Global Ocean Model". Journal of Physical Oceanography 37, n.º 2 (1 de febrero de 2007): 277–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo3012.1.
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Abstract The large-scale volume, heat, and freshwater ocean transports in the Southern Hemisphere are investigated using time-averaged output from a seasonless, high-resolution general circulation model. The ocean circulation is realistic, and property transports are comparable to observations. The Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) carries 144 Sv (Sv ≡ 106 m3 s−1) of water eastward across Drake Passage, increasing to 155 Sv south of Australia because of the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF). There is a clear Indo-Pacific gyre around Australia exchanging −10 Sv, 0.9 PW of heat, and 0.2 Sv of freshwater through the ITF, and there is a 9-Sv leakage from the Tasman Sea to the Indian Ocean. The transport of heat and freshwater by eddies is localized to the upper 1000 m of the water column and specific regions, such as western boundary currents, confluences, and the subantarctic front (SAF). Eddy transport of heat and freshwater is negligible in gyre interiors and south of the SAF but is vital across the northern edge of the ACC, in particular at the Agulhas Retroflection where eddies accomplish almost 100% of the net ocean heat and 60% of the southward freshwater transport. The eddy transport is almost zero across the latitude of Drake Passage while in a quasi-Lagrangian frame eddy transports are significant across the ACC but surprisingly are still smaller than the mean transport of heat. Mean and eddy property transport divergences are found to be strongly compensating in areas of high eddy activity. This is caused by increased baroclinic instability in strong mean flows, which induces an opposing eddy transport. This relationship is observed to be stronger in the case of horizontal heat transport than in corresponding horizontal freshwater transports.
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AL-HASSANIEH, K. A., C. A. BÜSSER y G. B. MARTINS. "ELECTRON TRANSPORT IN STRONGLY CORRELATED NANOSTRUCTURES". Modern Physics Letters B 23, n.º 18 (20 de julio de 2009): 2193–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984909020473.
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We present a short review on electron transport in strongly correlated nanostructures, quantum dots in particular. We describe briefly the main correlation effects, namely the Coulomb blockade and Kondo effect, and introduce three widely used numerical techniques to study these effects. We then give a brief summary of some more elaborate set-ups where two or more effects compete, making the transport properties very interesting to study. In particular, we report the cases of multilevel quantum dots, carbon nanotube based quantum dots, and quantum dots coupled by RKKY interaction.
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Stwiarska, Ewa. "Development of intermodal transport by organizing group purchasing of transports". Journal of Civil Engineering and Transport 5, n.º 3 (15 de septiembre de 2023): 31–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/tren.2023.011.
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The purpose of the article is to recognize the contexts of intermodal transport development in Poland, with particular recognition of the factor of group purchases of this service. The aim of the research is to find out the opinions of the participants of the logistics-transportation processes on the opportunities and threats to the development of intermodal transport, and to seek opinions on the introduction of a new entity responsible for group purchasing to the market. The article is divided into four chapters. The first chapter discusses legal and financial factors supporting the development of intermodal transport in the European Union. Examples are given of countries that have made the most of this support and have good practices of their own for activating this multi-branch form of transportation. The second chapter, using secondary data, presents the dynamics of intermodal transport development in Poland. The third chapter presents the methodology of own research. Collecting and processing primary data, threats and opportunities for the development of the multi-branch form of transport in Poland were identified, and the results are presented in the four chapter. The results of own research clearly indicate the need to eliminate barriers to the development of multimodal transport in Poland (including by appointing bodies organizing transport purchases).
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BUSTAMANTE, J. CARLOS y BRIAN P. SETCHELL. "The Uptake of Amino Acids, in Particular Leucine, by Isolated Perfused Testes of Rats". Journal of Andrology 21, n.º 3 (6 de mayo de 2000): 452–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1939-4640.2000.tb03401.x.
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ABSTRACT: The uptake of amino acids by the isolated rat testis perfused with Krebs‐Ringer solution with albumin has been studied using the single‐passage, multiple‐tracer technique with [14C]‐mannitol as the reference tracer. When the perfusate contained no added amino acids, the uptake of [3H]‐Leu was between 60% and 80% of the uptake of mannitol at all times after injection of the bolus; there was a small but significant uptake of some other amino acids studied (Ala, Gly, Glu, and Asp); and with Ala, Glu, and Asp, uptake increased slightly in increasing times after injection. There was no significant uptake of Arg. The uptake of Leu could be decreased by the inclusion of nonradioactive Leu in the perfusate, and the Km and Vmax of the transport were 0.067 mM and 19.5 nmole/(g·min), respectively. The Km value is similar to that for transport into brain and much less than the values obtained in other tissues for the related amino acid Phe, which is transported by the same L system. The transport of l‐Leu in the testis was also inhibited by L‐Phe or d‐Phe, d‐Leu, and by the synthetic amino acid Bch, the characteristic marker for the L system, but was only slightly reduced if the perfusate was free of sodium, as is expected for the L system. By autoradiography after fixation by perfusing with glutaraldehyde, the transport of Leu could be localized to the endothelial cells of the larger vessels of the testicular microvasculature.
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Ohar, O., H. Shelekhan, O. Pestremenko-Skripka y P. Zveriev. "WAYS TO RESTORE NATIONAL TRANSPORT AND LOGISTICS ACTIVITIES IN THE POSTWAR PERIOD". Collection of scientific works of the State University of Infrastructure and Technologies series "Transport Systems and Technologies", n.º 39 (30 de junio de 2022): 236–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.32703/2617-9040-2022-39-22.
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The article is devoted to the issue of finding effective ways to restore the sector of transport and logistics activities of the country in the postwar period, which is currently relevant for Ukraine. The state of international transportation during the war is analyzed. It is established that the process of restoration of the transport and logistics sector in the country is already underway and consists of a number of measures in the field of customs, logistics and transports. The experience of restoring the transport sector in European countries as part of the national critical infrastructure is considered. It is determined that one of the main conditions for effective economic recovery is international support. The key programs, diplomatic and legal documents that formed the basis for the creation of international support for Ukraine in economic recovery in general and the transport sector in particular are considered. The basic directions in which the action of the specified support for transport and logistics activity is directed are established.
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Le, Thi Diem Chau, Duc Duy Nguyen, Judit Oláh y Miklós Pakurár. "CLUSTERING ALGORITHM FOR A VEHICLE ROUTING PROBLEM WITH TIME WINDOWS". Transport 37, n.º 1 (2 de mayo de 2022): 17–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2022.16850.
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The demand for daily food purchases has increased dramatically, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic. This requires suppliers to face a huge and complex problem of delivering products that meet the needs of their customers on a daily basis. It also puts great pressure on managers on how to make day-to-day decisions quickly and efficiently to both satisfy customer requirements and satisfy capacity constraints. This study proposes a combination of the cluster-first –route-second method and k-means clustering algorithm to deal with a large Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows (VRPTW) in the logistics and transportation field. The purpose of this research is to assist decision-makers to make quick and efficient decisions, based on optimal costs, the number of vehicles, delivery time, and truck capacity efficiency. A distribution system of perishable goods in Vietnam is used as a case study to illustrate the effectiveness of our mathematical model. In particular, perishable goods include fresh products of fish, chicken, beef, and pork. These products are packed in different sizes and transferred by vehicles with 1000 kg capacity. Besides, they are delivered from a depot to the main 39 customers of the company with arrival times following customers’ time window. All of the data are collected from a logistics company in Ho Chi Minh city (Vietnam). The result shows that the application of the clustering algorithm reduces the time for finding the optimal solutions. Especially, it only takes an average of 0.36 s to provide an optimal solution to a large Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) with 39 nodes. In addition, the number of trucks, their operating costs, and their utilization are also shown fully. The logistics company needs 11 trucks to deliver their products to 39 customers. The utilization of each truck is more than 70%. This operation takes the total costs of 6586215.32 VND (Vietnamese Dong), of which, the transportation cost is 1086215.32 VND. This research mainly contributes an effective method for enterprises to quickly find the optimal solution to the problem of product supply.
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Bražiūnas, Justas y Henrikas Sivilevičius. "THE BITUMEN BATCHING SYSTEM'S MODERNIZATION AND ITS EFFECTIVE ANALYSIS AT THE ASPHALT MIXING PLANT". TRANSPORT 25, n.º 3 (30 de septiembre de 2010): 325–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2010.40.
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Some particular aspects such as the improvement methods of technological parameters for hot bitu‐ men storage in a pipeline transport system, transportation and dosed supply to batch asphalt mixing plant (AMP) are evaluated in this paper. Bitumen in asphalt concrete binds together the material of mineral particles into a strong conglomerate of a complicated structure, capable of withstanding the destructive effect of vehicles and the factors on the road pavements. The optimal amount of bitumen determined by calculation and laboratory testing should be maintained in mix batches of hot‐mix asphalt (HMA) obtained from AMP mixer. In the periodic type of the asphalt concrete blender mass of the weighted matrix in the all merging batcher's tanks should correspond in percents equally in the HMA to the designed amount of the job‐mix formula (JMF). The bitumen batcher does not always weigh bitumen portions precisely. Their mass deviations from the amount determined by JMF and its variation impair HMA composition and performance. In addition,, an additive model for calculating the effect of factors causing the variance of bitumen content in the produced HMA mixture is presented in this current paper as well. The data on statistical evaluation of bitumen batcher's modernization performed at certain Lithuanian Enterprise are discussed. The differences in structures of reconstructed and not reconstructed bitumen batching systems (BBS) are analysed and methods of determining modernization effectiveness are presented. The effectiveness of BBS is analysed too, defining the deviations of bitumen content in subsamples, taken and extracted everyday for two seasons (before and after the batcher's modernization) of HMA mixture production from the value of JMF and comparing them to the values of tolerances. The analysis of column charts and histograms shows that the made modernization helped to increase the precision of supplying the required amount of bitumen to HMA mixture insignificantly. However, the control of BBS has been considerably increased.
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Sivilevičius, Henrikas y Lijana Maskeliūnaitė. "THE CRITERIA FOR IDENTIFYING THE QUALITY OF PASSENGERS’ TRANSPORTATION BY RAILWAY AND THEIR RANKING USING AHP METHOD". TRANSPORT 25, n.º 4 (31 de diciembre de 2010): 368–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2010.46.
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Passengers’ transportation by rail involving various interested groups, such as managers, service staff and passengers, is a complicated process. Decision‐making persons, organizing railway trips should take into account the interests, needs and possibilities of these particular groups. The solution to some problems associated with passengers’ transportation by rail depends on the experience and qualification of decision‐makers, people who are responsible for the effectiveness of this work. To increase the quality of railway trips, the interested parties, groups of people mentioned above, should coordinate their actions, cooperate with each other in solving the problems and exchange relevant information. Therefore, the increasing quality of passenger transportation is a complicated issue, requiring good professional skills based on knowledge, practical experience, high intellect and new ideas of all the people involved in this process. The current paper presents a diagram showing passenger's transportation quality with a number of criterion groups A, B, C, D matching the structure and numbers of the questions included in the questionnaires to survey respondents (passengers) and experts (service and administration staff of the train). What is more, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) methodology based on the pair wise comparison of criteria is used to determine their weights (significances) considering the data obtained from the respondents and experts of each of three categories. Only these questionnaires which have no contradictory estimates are used. Also, the calculation methods demonstrating the results of the survey are provided in this work. One more point such as the data elicited from the respondents who took part in the survey (i.e. passengers from the train running on the international route Vilnius‐Moscow) and experts (i.e. service staff of the already mentioned train and representatives of the administration staff from the Joint‐Stock Company ‘Lithuanian Railways’ (AB ,,Lietuvos geležinkeliai")) is analyzed. Finally, the conclusions for improving the quality for passenger transportation by Lithuanian railways are given.
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Jena, Suprava, Debu Kumar Pradhan y Prasanta Kumar Bhuyan. "Modelling automobile users’ response pattern in defining urban street level of service". Transport 34, n.º 3 (7 de mayo de 2019): 287–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2019.9405.
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This paper presents a qualitative study on automobile users’ response pattern to assess the provided transportation service quality under heterogeneous traffic flow conditions. An Automobile Users’ Satisfaction index (AUSi) is established using data sets of questionnaire survey collected from 34 urban street segments of three midsized Indian cities. About 977 respondents with a suitable cross-section of gender, age, driving experience etc. were participated in travellers’ intercept survey. Rasch Model (RM) was applied to identify a set of quantitative measures to analyse the complex process of measuring perceived service quality and degree of drivers’ satisfaction together. The present study comprehends the multidimensional nature of users’ perception to evaluate AUSi with the help of six-dimensional variables such as roadway geometry, traffic facilities, traffic management, pavement condition, safety and aesthetics. RM offers a particular score to each user and each dimensional attribute along with a shared continuum. This way, the attributes those are more demanding to produce satisfaction as well as the variation in response of different modes of transport are evidently identified. The key findings indicate that the participants reported lower satisfaction level mainly due to the absence of separate bike/bus pull-out lanes, improper parking facilities and interruption by non-motorised vehicles/public transit or roadside commercial activities. Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) clustering was applied to classify AUSi scores into six auto Levels Of Service (LOS) categories (A–F) for each street segment. The model was well validated with a significant matching of predicted Automobile users’ LOS (ALOS) service categories with the users’ perceived Overall Satisfaction (OS) scores for fourteen randomly selected segments. This prediction model is new to mixed traffic flow condition, which uses linguistic information and real-life issues of drivers for the current state of services. Hence, the proposed method would be more credible than conventional models to support the decision makers for long term planning and designing road networks on a priority basis
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Doroshenko, Yaroslav, Julia Doroshenko, Vasyl Zapukhliak, Lyubomyr Poberezhny y Pavlo Maruschak. "MODELING COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS OF MULTIPHASE FLOWS IN ELBOW AND T-JUNCTION OF THE MAIN GAS PIPELINE". Transport 34, n.º 1 (16 de enero de 2019): 19–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2019.7441.
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The research was performed in order to obtain the physical picture of the movement of condensed droplets and solid particles in the flow of natural gas in elbows and T-junctions of the linear part of the main gas pipeline. 3D modeling of the elbow and T-junction was performed in the linear part of the gas main, in particular, in places where a complex movement of multiphase flows occurs and changes its direction. In these places also occur swirls, collisions of discrete phases in the pipeline wall, and erosive wear of the pipe wall. Based on Lagrangian approach (Discrete Phase Model – DPM), methods of computer modeling were developed to simulate multiphase flow movement in the elbow and T-junction of the linear part of the gas main using software package ANSYS Fluent R17.0 Academic. The mathematical model is based on solving the Navier–Stokes equations, and the equations of continuity and discrete phase movement closed with Launder–Sharma (k–e) two-parameter turbulence model with appropriate initial and boundary conditions. In T-junction, we simulated gas movement in the run-pipe, and the passage of the part of flow into the branch. The simulation results were visualized in postprocessor ANSYS Fluent R17.0 Academic and ANSYS CFD-Post R17.0 Academic by building trajectories of the motion of condensed droplets and solid particles in the elbow and T-junction of the linear part of the gas main in the flow of natural gas. The trajectories were painted in colors that match the velocity and diameter of droplets and particles according to the scale of values. After studying the trajectories of discrete phases, the locations of their heavy collision with the pipeline walls were found, as well as the places of turbulence of condensed droplets and solid particles. The velocity of liquid and solid particles was determined, and the impact angles, diameters of condensed droplets and solid particles in the place of collision were found. Such results provide possibilities for a full and comprehensive investigation of erosive wear of the elbow and T-junction of the linear part of the gas main and adjacent sections of the pipeline, and for the assessment of their strength and residual life.
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Pavlyuk, Dmitry, Nadežda Spiridovska y Irina Yatskiv (Jackiva). "SPATIOTEMPORAL DYNAMICS OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT DEMAND: A CASE STUDY OF RIGA". Transport 35, n.º 6 (6 de enero de 2021): 576–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2020.14159.
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Sustainable urban mobility remains an emerging research topic during last decades. In recent years, the smart card data collection systems have become widespread and many studies have been focused on usage of anonymized data from these systems for better understanding of mobility patterns of Public Transport (PT) passengers. Data-driven mobility patterns can benefit transport planners at strategic, tactical, and operational levels. A particular point of interest is a spatiotemporal dynamics of mobility patterns that highlights transformation of the PT passenger flows over the time continuously or in response to modifications of the PT system and policies. This study is aimed to estimation and analysis of the spatiotemporal dynamics of PT passenger flows in Riga (Latvia). A multi-stage methodology was proposed and includes three main stages: (1) estimation of individual trip vectors, (2) clustering of trip vectors into spatiotemporal mobility patterns, and (3) further analysis of mobility patterns’ dynamics. The best practice methods are applied at every stage of the proposed methodology: the smart card validation flow is used for extracting information on boarding locations; the trip chain approach is used for estimation of individual trip destinations; vector-based clustering algorithms are utilised for identification of mobility patterns and discovering their dynamics. The resulting methodology provides an advanced tool for observing and managing of PT demand fluctuation on a daily basis. The methodology was applied for mining of a large smart card data set (124 million records) for year 2018. Most important empirical results include obtained daily mobility patterns in Riga, their clusters, and within-cluster dynamics over the year. Obtained daily mobility patterns allows estimation of a city-level PT origin–destination matrix that is useful in many applied areas, e.g., dynamic passenger flow assignment models. Mobility pattern-based clustering of days allows effective comparison and flexible tuning of the PT system for different days of a week, public holidays, extreme weather conditions, and large events. Dynamics of mobility patterns allows estimating the effect of implementing changes (e.g., fare increase or road maintenance) and demand forecasting for user-focused development of PT system.
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BULATOVA, O. U. "TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE ADAPTATION". World of transport and technological machines 73, n.º 2 (2021): 92–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.33979/2073-7432-2021-73-2-92-98.
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The transition of a city to the «Smart city» level is a socio-technical process: first, the transi-tion includes technical and technological changes, and second, since the city is a social system, this process considered from the point of view of users who influence the development of certain types of services and devices for their provision. This article examines the process of digitalization of the city and transport infrastructure in particular. To fulfill the goal set for the transport infrastructure - complete, timely and high-quality transport services for the population, it is necessary to solve a whole range of tasks that are associated with the further development of market relations and improving the efficiency of the transport complex.
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Andrulonis, Krzysztof. "Analiza socjolektu warszawskich miłośników komunikacji miejskiej". Poradnik Językowy, n.º 7/2023(806) (19 de septiembre de 2023): 57–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.33896/porj.2023.7.5.
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The aim of this article is to characterise the sociolect of Warsaw enthusiasts of urban transport, with a particular focus on lexis and phraseology. The author attempts a description of the group of people interested in mass transport as a communication community, analyses the formal characteristics of the sociolect they use, and presents the expressions used by them in an arrangement intended to reproduce the linguisƟtic worldview specifi c to them, which encompasses urban transport vehicles, vehicle equipment, service names, designations of places and people, as well as events involving urban transport.
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Lukinskiy, Valery, Vladislav Lukinskiy y Yuri Merkuryev. "MODELLING OF TRANSPORT OPERATIONS IN SUPPLY CHAINS IN OBEDIENCE TO “JUST-IN-TIME” CONCEPTION". Transport 33, n.º 5 (18 de diciembre de 2018): 1162–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2018.7112.
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Transportation is a key logistics function, which determines the dynamic nature of material flows in logistics systems. At the same time, transportation is a source of uncertainty of logistics operations performance in the supply chain. Obviously, the development of a new approach for evaluation of the duration of delivery “Just-In-Time” (JIT) will improve the efficiency of supply chains in accordance with one of the major criteria, namely customer satisfaction. One of the basic approaches to make effective management decisions in transportation and other logistic operations is the JIT concept. In the majority of examined sources the JIT concept is described on the verbal level without any usage of calculation dependences. The paper is devoted to the formation of analytical and simulation models, which allow obtaining the probabilistic evaluation of the implementation of unimodal and multimodal international transportation JIT. The first model where the order of the operations implementation does not affect final result is formed on the basis of the probability theory: distribution laws composition, theorems of numerical characteristics of random variables, formula of complete probability. The second model accounts the impact of operations implementation order in transportation and their interconnection and is based on the simulation (the method of statistic experiments) and shown as a corresponding algorithm, which allows to consider different limitations (technical, organizational and so on). Considered analytical dependences give the possibility to obtain the necessary estimations of the transport operations implementation according to JIT: mean transportation time, delivery implementation probability by the set moment or the delivery time with the set probability. To carry out some comparative calculations and clarify the algorithm, two international routes have been chosen: the first one is a unimodal road transportation, the second one is a multimodal transportation (road and marine transport). All the data, which is necessary for calculation has been collected on the basis of official information (in particular, the data of tachograph, special questionnaires filled in by the drivers, the survey results of the managers). For unimodal transportations analytical dependences and modelling results give close results. For the combined multimodal transportations taking into account various limitations the preference must be given to the simulation. The modelled indexes take into consideration their intercommunication and definitely estimate the supply chains reliability, and this allows decreasing the uncertainty of the logistic system.
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Weeks, C. A. "Transport of Deer: A Review with Particular Relevance to Red Deer (Cervus Elaphus)". Animal Welfare 9, n.º 1 (febrero de 2000): 63–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0962728600022259.
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AbstractFarmed deer, of which the predominant species is the red deer (Cervus elaphus), are increasingly transported to abattoirs for slaughter rather than being shot at pasture. In order to satisfy meat hygiene and marketing requirements, the welfare of deer is often reduced because all farmed animals are stressed by commercial transportation. Several recent experimental studies (reviewed here) have found the magnitude of behavioural and physiological responses of deer to many aspects of handling and transport to be similar to those measured in other farm species, particularly ruminants. Thus, their welfare appears not to be unduly compromised despite their comparatively recent domestication. Deer are, however, particularly flighty and require specialized handling facilities and equipment, the key features of which are summarized.Legislation covering transport of deer is already operative in many countries with the aim of safeguarding deer welfare. However, the responses of deer to commercial transportation have not yet been measured scientifically. This primary information is needed before a full assessment of the effects of transport on the welfare of deer can be made. Thermal conditions during transit are of importance for deer welfare and these have not been measured, either under experimental conditions or during commercial journeys.
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Mukherji, Srimayee, Nikhil V. S. Avula y Sundaram Balasubramanian. "Refined Force Field for Liquid Sulfolane with Particular Emphasis to Its Transport Characteristics". ACS Omega 5, n.º 43 (21 de octubre de 2020): 28285–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.0c04243.
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Loglio, G., U. Tesei, G. Mori, R. Cini y F. Pantani. "Enrichment and transport of surfactants in marine aerosol formed during particular weather conditions". Il Nuovo Cimento C 8, n.º 6 (noviembre de 1985): 704–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02558003.
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Siergiejczyk, Mirosław, Adam Rosiński, Przemysław Dziula y Karolina Krzykowska. "Reliability-Exploitation Analysis of Highway Transport Telematics Systems / Analiza Niezawodnościowo-Eksploatacyjna Autostradowych Systemów Telematyki Transportu". Journal of KONBiN 33, n.º 1 (1 de septiembre de 2015): 177–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jok-2015-0015.
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Abstract This paper presents the issues connected with highway transport telematics systems. The particular attention is paid to the highway emergency communications systems. There is described their structure and functioning. It also presented the general reliability-exploitation model. It allows to determinate the probability of staying of the system in the distinguished operating states.
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Chciałowski, Marcin. "THE IMPORTANCE OF TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENTS IN REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE NORTE REGION IN PORTUGAL AND THE MASOVIAN VOIVODSHIP IN POLAND". Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Oeconomia 17, n.º 4 (30 de diciembre de 2018): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/aspe.2018.17.4.48.
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The aim of the paper was to compare the directions of investments in communication and transport infrastructure of the Norte Region in Portugal and the Masovian Voivodship in Poland. When analyzing the saturation of the infrastructure, particular attention has been paid to the investment aspect, since this factor has a major impact on the development of these regions. The conducted research has shown significant differences in the investment process itself. The Masovian Voivodship strongly diversifies the transport infrastructure investments on various modes of transport. In turn, in the Norte region one can observe a strong transport orientation geared towards an extensive network of expressways and a large access to local airports. The location of transport investments so understood in particular modes of transport is related to the different conditions of location of both regions.
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Lazarenko, E. M. y A. B. Chernykh. "Features of labor regulation of transport workers". Sociology and Law, n.º 1 (24 de marzo de 2022): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.35854/2219-6242-2022-1-89-96.
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The current legislation has gaps and contradictions in the legal regulation of labor relations of workers of sea and river transport, in particular when regulating the labor of workers in the dredging fleet. The article discusses the problems of establishing the qualification characteristics of some of them, as well as the peculiarities of the working conditions of workers in the dredging fleet. The gaps in the norms of the current legislation of the legal regulation of labor of certain categories of workers, in particular, those associated with the performance of dredging fleet workers directly dredging, as a type of hydrotechnical construction work.
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Courtier, Nicola E., James M. Cave, Jamie M. Foster, Alison B. Walker y Giles Richardson. "How transport layer properties affect perovskite solar cell performance: insights from a coupled charge transport/ion migration model". Energy & Environmental Science 12, n.º 1 (2019): 396–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ee01576g.
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Malysheva, K. B. "Background for the Formation of Transport Clustering in the Russian Federation". Economics. Law. Innovaion, n.º 3 (30 de septiembre de 2022): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17586/2713-1874-2022-3-31-38.
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The article discusses the trends in the global economy and the development of the transport industry, which created the prerequisites for the formation of a transport and logistics cluster in the territory of the Russian Federation. The purpose of the study is to identify the prerequisites for the formation of transport clustering in Russia. To achieve this goal, an analysis was made of existing strategic documents for the economic development of the country and the transport industry in particular, the impact of world economic events, such as: the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on the transport and logistics industries, the growth of the «Eastern vector» in the Russian economy. The results obtained assess the current situation in the Russian economy and in the transport industry in particular, and form the basis for the development of transport clustering in the country in regions that have the conditions for this.