Tesis: "Palm Oil Supply Chain"

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Hirbli, Toufic. "Palm oil traceability : blockchain meets supply chain". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/117800.

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Thesis: M. Eng. in Supply Chain Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Supply Chain Management Program, 2018.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged student-submitted from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 36-38).
There is a current lack of visibility in the transfer of goods from farmers to oil mills, to manufacturers, to retail outlets and finally to the consumer in the palm oil industry. While leading brands have pledged to commit to a 100% sustainable certification, only 19% of global palm oil production is certified as sustainable. Emerging technologies, such as blockchain, a distributed ledger, can transform supply chain traceability as we know it and bring more transparency through the value chain, creating value to stakeholders. From a process perspective, the proposed solution leverages the mass balance, and book and claim traceability models that RSPO has defined. From a technology perspective, the proposed solution leverages blockchain, geospatial imagery classification, and IoT technologies to keep track of the flow of physical goods and sustainable palm oil certificates. From a people perspective, the proposed solution includes a set of incentive models that could be utilized in easing change management efforts.
by Toufic Hirbli.
M. Eng. in Supply Chain Management

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Kamarulzaman, Nitty Hirawaty. "An empirical investigation into the development of E-supply chains in the Malaysian palm oil industry". Thesis, Lancaster University, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.507423.

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Hinkes, Cordula Verena Maria [Verfasser]. "Sustainability certification for deforestation-free supply chains: the cases of palm oil and soy / Cordula Verena Maria Hinkes". Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1230138056/34.

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Cabrini, Carmagnac Liliane. "A critical perspective on collective arrangements tackling wicked problems in global supply networks : the case of the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA01E033.

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La déforestation, le changement climatique et la pauvreté sont devenus des sujets critiques de ce siècle. [...] L'objectif de cette recherche est de mieux comprendre le rôle des initiatives multi-acteurs ou collectives visant à traiter les problèmes complexes -« wicked problems »- dans le contexte des chaînes logistiques globales. Pour atteindre un tel objectif, il est important, dans un premier temps, de mieux comprendre le fonctionnement de ces initiatives collectives, leurs mécanismes de gouvernance, comment elles sont organisées, et quelles dynamiques politiques et de pouvoir sont présentes au sein de ces initiatives multi-acteurs dans le contexte des chaines globales. Cette étude s'inscrit principalement dans le domaine du management durable de la chaîne logistique (Sustainable Supply Chain Management ou SSCM). Malgré le fait que la littérature de ce champ reconnaît l'importance de prendre en compte les enjeux de développement durable tout au long de la chaîne et d'y inclure les différents acteurs, la réalité est que la plupart des recherches menées à ce jour se sont concentrées sur les relations dyadiques, mettant ainsi en évidence la perspective des entreprises focales (Lee, 2008; Mena, et al., 2013; Beske-Janssen, Johnson, and Schaltegger, 2015; Busse, Meinlschmidt and Foerstl, 2017; Foerstl, Azadegan, Leppelt and Hartmann, 2015). De ce fait, les recherches ont soit négligé les acteurs « non traditionnels » de la chaîne logistique (tels que les Organizations non-gouvernementales, les initiatives multi-partie prenantes), soit les ont simplement considérés comme des acteurs qui servent les intérêts de l'entreprise focale (Montabon, et al., 2016). La littérature en responsabilité sociale des entreprises (RSE), et en particulier l’approche politique de la RSE (PCSR en anglais pour Political CSR) apporte une nouvelle perspective à la littérature SSCM en explorant la pertinence et la légitimité des initiatives collectives face aux enjeux de développement durable. La littérature PCSR propose une série de critères permettant un transfert de la régulation de la sphère publique vers les acteurs privés. Par exemple, la participation démocratique est considérée comme un mécanisme clé pour la légitimité du processus (tels que l'inclusivité, la transparence et l’égalité), et pour la légitimité des résultats (tels que la couverture, l’efficacité et l’application) (Mena and Palazzo, 2012). L’ensemble de cette thèse repose sur une démarche inductive qualitative afin d’explorer les initiatives collectives à partir du cas de la RSPO. Plus précisément, l'analyse multimodale critique du discours (M-CDA) nous permet d’'intégrer de multiples ressources pour l’analyse non seulement des textes écrits mais aussi des médias, de la vidéo, de la voix ou des gestes. En tenant compte de la diversité des acteurs aux connaissances, perspectives et attentes multiples, une approche discursive semble appropriée pour étudier les initiatives multi-acteurs. Dans ce travail, l’analyse critique du discours est ainsi utilisée pour explorer les interactions, les relations et les contradictions entre le texte, l'image et la voix afin de révéler les récits et contre-récits présentés simultanément par les multiples acteurs de la RSPO. Au total, les données de cette étude comprennent : 66 vidéos, 29 entretiens, 57 articles de journaux, et une série de données secondaires (rapports annuels, code de conduite et statuts de la RSPO, observations lors de la participation à la conférence annuelle de la RSPO). Les résultats de cette thèse s'articulent autour de quatre articles [...]
Deforestation, climate change and poverty have become some of the hottest topics of this century. Both scholars and practitioners recognize them as major societal grand challenges, with a growing number of academics referring to them as “wicked problems”. Due to their complex, uncertain and controversial nature, wicked problems cannot be effectively handled by individual actors. Their magnitude calls for a collective governance approach, including a wide range of heterogeneous actors with a diverse set of expertise and background, each of them bringing a different perspective to the problem. The purpose of this research is to better understand the role of collective arrangements tackling wicked problems in the context of global supply networks. This study is mainly framed within the field of sustainable supply chain management (SSCM). Although collective initiatives are the focus of a growing number of studies in the SSCM literature, scholars from the discipline still refer to these players as “nontraditional” supply chain actors. The political CSR (PCSR) theoretical stream complements the SSCM literature and provides a new perspective to shed the light on the effectiveness and legitimacy of collective arrangements in dealing with wicked problems in global supply networks. This research adopts an inductive qualitative approach and explores collective arrangements through the case of the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO). The findings are articulated around four papers, exploring the following issues: (1) the role of nontraditional actors in the governance of SSCM; (2) the mechanisms employed by a leading collective initiative to promote sustainability along the palm oil supply network; (3) the “dark sides” of these new forms of governance of wicked problems and; (4) the construction of a collective identity and a legitimate authority in tackling wicked problems. In contrast to the current normative approach of PCSR, mobilizing the discourse analysis methodology in the PCSR field to shed light on the political multivocal discursive construction of collective identities, contributes to the exposure of subtle and less-apparent power dynamics, underpinning the legitimacy construction of collective initiatives. By adopting a critical approach, the main contribution of this research to the SSCM literature is the shift from the traditional SCM assumptions of linearity (dominated by the focal-firm-centric perspective) to a more integrative logic at the supraorganizational level. In doing so, it is possible to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the role of collective arrangements in the context of supply networks and reveal their underlying political and power struggles in framing the different facets of wicked problems

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Kong, Ming-Teck. "Downstream oil products supply chain optimisation". Thesis, Imperial College London, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/7714.

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Hashim, Zulkifli. "Management of phosphorus supply in acid Malaysian soils under oil palm". Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.246726.

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Hassen, Kedir y Daniel Szucs. "Supply Chain Optimization in the Oil Industry : A Case Study of MOL Hungarian Oil and Gas PLC". Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Centre of Logistics and Supply Chain Management, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-18500.

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Abstract Problem discussion: The significance of the oil industry’s impact on the global economy is obvious. Oil supply chain management has to solve a lot of challenges caused by the nature of the supply chain in the oil industry such as complexity, inflexible characteristics, long lead time, limited transportation forms at the different stages in the supply chain, rigid take or pay procurement and limited primary distribution capacity. Other challenges are caused by unforeseen events such as political or economic changes which have an impact on the price of the oil. This thesis seeks to add value by signifying and indicating optimization as a way to address uncertainties and points out a way to utilize resources efficiently in order to gain further development and cost savings in the long term. Finding options for optimization of the oil supply chain is vital because any cost saving means vast amounts of money for the oil companies therefore optimization is at the centre of attention in the oil supply chain management. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to investigate supply chain management in the oil industry and find options for optimizing the supply chain in the oil industry by reviewing and analyzing previously written literature on the chosen topic for the research. Method: A single case study was applied in this thesis. The company chosen for the case study is called MOL Hungarian oil and gas PLC and is located in Hungary. To carry out the research, a qualitative research approach was implemented. Primary data was collected through semi structured interviews via telephone and the internet with the company’s staff. In addition to this, secondary data from different sources such as articles and books were used to construct or build the theoretical frame of reference for the thesis. Delimitation: The scope of the thesis is limited to the supply chain management in the oil industry and its optimization. Further narrowing the scope, this thesis gives more attention to the downstream section of the supply chain in the oil industry. Conclusion: Optimization is recognised as main tool for the oil companies to achieve competitive advantage. Analysing MOL Group gives a factual example how optimization works in an oil company and contributes to manage its supply chain efficiently and handle the many uncertainties surrounding the oil industry. It is demonstrated what factors play key role in optimization and how they interact with each other. MOL Group’s solution for optimization builds around a serious planning process, IT solution, marketing and refinery operation triggering and working in synergy with many other factors which cannot be excluded from the optimization process. Due to the excellence of supply chain optimization, MOL Group has a very strong presence and leading position in the East Central European region generating increasing profit margin year by year in last two decades.

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Menhat, Masha Nur Salsabiela Binti. "Performance measurement framework for the oil and gas supply chain". Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 2017. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/22998/.

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This study examines performance measurement in the oil and gas industry. The aim is to identify the prevalence of performance measures and to provide evidence of the potential impact in the usage of performance measures on organisational performance. The study investigates the links between organisational strategies, choice of performance measures, and organisational performance. The resource-based view (RBV) theory and Miles and Snow's organisational fit theory were, respectively, used to explain the research and as the basis for analysis of results. The organisational fit theory states that organisation's approach to competition can be classified into four main strategies. These strategies will influence the way they manage their organisations and lead to different performance outcomes. This may include the way they measure their supply chain performance. The resource-based view suggests that organisations can achieve superior performance through internal resources and competencies. Based on this theory, performance measurement framework is viewed as one of the important organisations’ resources. A literature review on supply chain performance measurement was carried out to identify performance measures that are relevant to the oil and gas industry. This resulted in an initial list of measures based on the review. Exploratory interviews were then conducted to confirm the measures, understand the contextual definitions of the measures, and to find out from practitioners what additional measures they consider important beyond those obtained from the literature. This resulted in a broader set of performance measures, which were then validated through a self-administered questionnaire survey. A total of 550 questionnaires were sent out to UK companies whilst 120 to Malaysian companies. A total of 100 responses were received from both countries, which accounts to 15% response rates. The outcomes of the survey clarify the prevalence of performance measures in the industry according to the level of importance. Correlation and regression analyses indicate that there is a link between the choice of performance measures and organisations’ strategies. Also, the results indicate a link between choice of performance measures and the actual performance of the organisations, suggesting that performance measures are critical resources of organisations used to support competitiveness in line with resource-based view theory. In addition, this study identifies the most influential strategy and performance measures in enhancing organisations’ performance within the oil and gas industry.

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Sulaiman, Abdul Muis. "Tap Dancing Around Sustainability:The Case of Palm Oil Key Stakeholders". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-295876.

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The Swedish Initiative on Sustainable Palm Oil in food and cosmetic and detergent industries hasemerged in 2014 following other EU national initiatives. This thesis project aims to explore thecondition of the initiative by examining who the key important stakeholders are and how these palmoil key stakeholders in Swedish market develop and implement their Sustainable Palm OilInitiatives. A qualitative approach using case study technique is used to guide the study andsupported by a combination of several theoretical frameworks, such as stakeholders’ theory and thevalue chain concept to address the research questions. Rooted from six organizations as study cases,the study found that the key important stakeholders for these organizations in developing andimplementing the initiatives are retailers, suppliers, consumers, trade associations, and Non-Governmental Organizations. Furthermore, the study also found that these six organizations useethical sourcing tool based on Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil certification scheme toimplement the Initiative in their respective member companies. As authorisers, the Swedish FoodFederation and the Swedish Cosmetics, Detergents and Toiletries Association developed Palm OilWorking Group and a simple platform for their member companies both in Swedish food andcosmetic and detergent industries in order to spread and manage the initiative. Världsnaturfonden,on the other hand serves as an external influencer that conducts lobbying and facilitations to supportSwedish companies to use certified segregated palm oil products to drive responsible palm oilproduction. The results show that Kicks, Croda, and Fazer facilitate the operationalization of ethicalsourcing initiative throughout their primary and supporting value chain activities. In addition,intertwined relationship between upstream and downstream parts of palm oil supply chain networksinfluences the outcome of the Swedish Initiative on Sustainable Palm Oil in spreading the initiativetoward market transformation in Sweden.

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JUNIOR, VOLNEY GILBERTO FIGUEIREDO. "INFORMATION FLOW IN SUPPLY CHAIN FOR REFINED OIL PRODUCTS: CASE PETROBRAS". PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2012. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=21014@1.

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A integração dos processos e sistemas relacionados à logística dentro das empresas e junto aos seus fornecedores e clientes vem se firmando como uma tendência ao longo dos últimos anos. A utilização da logística como vantagem competitiva e para agregar valor aos produtos e serviços tem se tornado, cada vez mais, um dos direcionadores estratégicos das empresas. Mais recentemente, o planejamento colaborativo passou a ser amplamente utilizado como ferramenta para se obter ganhos de produtividade e custos. No atual ambiente de negócios, o fluxo de informações entre os diversos membros da cadeia de suprimentos, bem como a qualidade e a visibilidade das informações é uma questão fundamental para apoiar a tomada de decisões. O grande desenvolvimento da tecnologia da informação e dos sistemas de informação nas últimas décadas tem contribuído, de forma decisiva, para prover fluxos de informações adequados através dos membros da cadeia de suprimentos. As empresas precisam implantar tecnologias e sistemas de informação que garantam um fluxo de informações ágil e de qualidade a fim de possibilitar uma resposta rápida aos desafios crescentes dos negócios. A dissertação pretende, a partir da fundamentação teórica em cadeias de suprimentos e tecnologia da informação, realizar uma análise da situação atual dos fluxos de informações para o processo de movimentação de derivados da Petrobras, identificar os principais problemas decorrentes do fluxo inadequado de informações, seja em termos de tempo ou em termos de qualidade da informação, e propor soluções de tecnologia e sistemas de informação para tratar os problemas identificados.
The integration of processes and systems related to logistics inside the companies and together with their suppliers and customers has been established as a trend in the past few years. The use of logistics as a competitive advantage and to add value to the products and services has become, more and more, one of the strategic issues for the companies. More recently, the collaborative planning has been widely applied as a tool to achieve productivity and cost advantages. In today’s business environment, the information flow between the supply chain members, as well as the quality and visibility of the information is a key issue to support decision making. The great development of information technology and information systems in the last decades has contributed, decisively, to provide appropriate information flow across the supply chain members. Companies need to set up technologies and information systems that assure an agile and high quality information flow in order to enable a quick reaction to the increasing challenges of business. This work aims to, based on the theoretical foundation of supply chain and information technology, analyse the information flow for the refined oil products process at Petrobras, identify the main issues due to inappropriate information flow, in terms of timing and information quality, and propose technologies and information systems solutions to solve the issues.

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Abubakar, Tijjani. "A study of sustainability in the oil and gas supply chain". Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 2014. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/11807/.

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There is a general consensus that human activity has significant impact on global climate change with significant consequences to the environment. Although there has been relatively limited research on the relationship between corporate environmental performance and corporate financial performance, empirical of the relationship between proactive corporate climate change strategies and economic performance is still in need of clear delineation. It is in light of this hat this research examines the impacts of sustainability adoption on competitive performance of oil and gas companies. The research explores the notion of market driven sustainability by establishing an empirical link between sustainable supply chains characteristics and organisational competitiveness. The overall aim is to develop an empirical model of sustainable supply chain characteristics that improves resource utilisation, profit maximization and competitiveness in the oil and gas industry. The research reviews existing literature on supply chain management, sustainability and competitive objectives in order to generate an appropriate and adequate context for relevant analytical investigations. Primary data on sustainability and its impacts on organisational performance were collected from UK and gas industry through survey by questionnaire. The results show that the most significant drivers of sustainability are the desire to conserve energy, increase market share and improve competiveness. However, legal and regulatory pressure, in contrast to common perspectives in the literature, was not seen as strong drivers of sustainability. The most significant inhibitors of sustainability are inappropriate infrastructural facilities, higher take-up costs, shortage of information on sustainability and employees lack of environmental awareness. The results further indicate that, though sustainability strategies implemented by the respondent firms varied in scopes, these strategies were being extensively and successfully implemented. Generally, the adoption of sustainability in oil and gas supply chain leads to improved economic performance and environmental performance, which, in turn, positively impact organisational competitiveness. These results are of particular importance to managers, government policy makers environmentalists and researchers.

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Sanusi, Oluwaseun A. "Supply Chain Strategies to Ensure Delivery of Undamaged Goods". ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6111.

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Supply chain leaders in the oil and gas industry face significant logistical challenges regarding the efficient and safe delivery of undamaged products to their customers. Within the conceptual framework of business process orientation theory, the purpose of this multiple case study was to explore the strategies that supply chain leaders used to ensure delivery of undamaged goods to their customers. Four supply chain leaders in the oil and gas industry in Texas were purposefully selected as participants because they had successfully implemented strategies to ensure the delivery of undamaged goods. Data were collected through semistructured interviews and review of publicly published documents from 4 companies. Data were analyzed using Yin's 5-step data analysis process of compiling, disassembling, reassembling, data interpretation, and conclusion. Four themes emerged from the analyzed data: process strategy, inspection strategy, information technology strategy, and employee training strategy. The findings of this study may provide knowledge to business leaders on how to reduce the cost of product delivery and increase profitability. The study's implications for positive social change include the potential for supply chain leaders to reduce material wastage and environmental pollution through the safe delivery of undamaged oil and gas products to customers.

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Hasudungan, Albert. "Political Ecology of Palm Oil Development in the Kapuas Hulu District of West Kalimantan". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/18976.

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This thesis examines how the enrolment of local communities into the palm oil economy is constructing a particular, and complicated, mode of agricultural transformation. I look at the ways that local livelihoods are negotiated in response to diverse palm oil development pathways across three villages in the Kapuas Hulu district of West Kalimantan, Indonesia. The thesis uses a political ecology approach to examine the ways agrarian communities adapt their local economic production and social relations in response to the forthright assertion of a capitalist economy upon their local landscape. I do this by examining: i) the multi-scalar institutional arrangements that shape agrarian change; ii) the processes through which land is made available for large-scale oil palm cultivation; and iii) the implications for local livelihoods and agrarian transformation. I apply ethnographic field work across three villages, with primary data collected through participant observation, semi-structured interviews, group discussion, and household economic survey. I argue that the broader institutional settings of the global value chain for palm oil provide a fundamental framework that limits and shapes possible livelihood pathways for rural communities in Kapuas Hulu. Buyer-driven governance structures also reach into Kapuas Hulu to provide market access opportunities and infrastructure development. I present a critical analysis of the political economy of palm oil that results in land dispossession and social differentiation in Kalimantan, but with a key contribution being the role played by customary Dayak elites in this process. However, I also find that the subjective well-being of many community members to have improved along with the expansion of oil palm, with many households generally appreciative of opportunities to participate and engage in smallholder oil palm production. Importantly, however, this only holds true when the nature of the engagement is on their own terms.

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RIBAS, GABRIELA PINTO. "A STOCHASTIC PROGRAMMING MODEL FOR THE STRATEGIC PLANNING OF THE OIL SUPPLY CHAIN". PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2008. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=12291@1.

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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
A indústria do petróleo é uma das mais importantes e dinâmicas do Brasil. Em uma indústria naturalmente integrada como a petrolífera, é necessário um adequado planejamento estratégico da cadeia integrada de petróleo que contemple todos os seus processos, como a produção de petróleo, refino, distribuição e comercialização de derivados. Além disso, a indústria de petróleo está suscetível a diversas incertezas relacionadas a preço de petróleo e derivados, oferta de óleo bruto e demanda de produtos. Em face destas oportunidades e desafios, foi desenvolvido no âmbito desta dissertação um modelo de programação estocástica para o planejamento estratégico da cadeia de petróleo brasileira. O modelo contempla as refinarias e suas unidades de processos, as propriedades dos petróleos e derivados, a logística nacional e decisões de comercialização de petróleo e derivados, incluindo incertezas associadas a preço de mercado, produção de petróleo nacional e demanda interna de derivados. A partir do modelo estocástico foram formulados um modelo robusto e um modelo MinMax no intuito de comparar o desempenho e a qualidade da solução estocástica. Os modelos propostos foram aplicados a um exemplo real, com 17 refinarias e 3 centrais petroquímicas que processam 50 produtos intermediários, destinados a produção de 10 derivados associados à demanda nacional, 8 campos de exploração de petróleo, 14 produtores gás natural, 1 produtor de óleo vegetal, 13 terminais, 4 bases de distribuição e 278 arcos de transporte. Na análise de resultados foram utilizadas medidas como Valor Esperado da Informação Perfeita (EVPI) e Valor da Solução Estocástica (VSS).
The oil industry is one of the most important and dynamic in Brazil. As the oil industry naturally integrated, we need an appropriate strategic planning to the oil supply chain that consider all its processes, such as oil production, refining, distribution and refined products marketing. Moreover, the oil industry is susceptible to various uncertainties regarding the oil and products price, crude oil supply and products demand. In light of these opportunities and challenges, it was developed in this dissertation a stochastic programming model for the strategic planning of the Brazilian oil supply chain. The model includes refineries and process units, oils and their products properties, logistics and national marketing decisions of oil and products, including uncertainties associated with market price, oil domestic production and refined products domestic demand. Based on the stochastic model a robust model and a MinMax model were formulated in order to compare the performance and quality of the stochastic solution. The proposed models were applied to a real example, with 17 refineries and 3 petrochemical power plants that process 50 intermediate products, intended to production of 10 final products associated to national demand, 8 oil fields, 14 natural gas producers, 1 vegetal oil producer, 13 terminals, 4 delivery points and 278 arches of transport. In the results analysis was used as measures the Expected Value of Perfect Information (EVPI) and the Value of the Stochastic Solution (VSS).

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BRANCO, JULIEN PIERRE CASTELLO. "MATHEMATICAL PROGRAMMING MODEL FOR STRATEGIC PLANNING OF THE OIL SUPPLY CHAIN UNDER UNCERTAINTY". PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2012. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=37127@1.

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O presente trabalho tem como foco o estudo do Sistema Petrobras, no que tange o planejamento estratégico dos investimentos da Companhia, sob a ótica da cadeia integrada do petróleo. A partir de um dos modelos matemáticos mais utilizados (e há mais tempo) na empresa, diversas decisões estratégicas de suma importância são suportadas, de modo a maximizar seu resultado operacional ao longo de um horizonte de tempo da ordem de 10 (dez) anos. Com embasamento na literatura atual, evoluções são propostas e testadas no modelo matemático. Primeiramente são introduzidas técnicas de programação estocástica em dois estágios, onde as decisões de investimento são representadas por variáveis de primeiro estágio; e a operação de todo o sistema – desde o refino até a comercialização do petróleo e derivados, passando por toda a questão logística – passa a fazer parte do segundo estágio, após a realização / revelação dos parâmetros estocásticos. Em um segundo passo, técnicas de decomposição são aplicadas para contornar eventuais limitações geradas pelo grande porte atingido pelo modelo, que cresce proporcionalmente ao número de cenários envolvidos na otimização. Os resultados mostram que o modelo estocástico começa a esbarrar nestas limitações a partir da resolução de problemas com mais de 30 cenários. Por outro lado, apesar do tempo computacional consideravelmente maior, o modelo decomposto chegou a resolver até 80 cenários, nos testes realizados.
This work focuses on the study of Petrobras, regarding the strategic planning of the Company s investments, from an integrated oil supply chain perspective. From one of the most widely used mathematical models in the Company, several strategic decisions of great importance are supported, so as to maximize its operating result over a time horizon of approximately 10 (ten) years. Based in current literature, developments are proposed and tested in the mathematical model. First, two-stage stochastic programming techniques are introduced, where investment decisions are represented by first-stage variables; and system s operation – from oil refining and sales to the entire logistics issue – by second-stage variables, after realization of the stochastic parameters. In a second step, decomposition techniques are applied to circumvent any large scale limitations. The results show that the stochastic model starts to reach these limitations in problems with 30 scenarios or more. On the other hand, despite the considerably greater computational time, the decomposed model was able to solve up to 80-scenarios problems, during the tests.

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16

Theart, Alfred Llewellyn Mark. "Supply chain configurations for the oil and gas industry : a service provider perspective". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86582.

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Thesis (MComm)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Oil dependency has increased in the past few decades and the search for new reserves is a constant quest within the oil and gas industry. The oil and gas industry is characterised by the separation of fuel production facilities and the intended markets for its derivatives. This separation creates challenges for proper supply chain management and network configuration. A well-balanced network design becomes of utmost importance. The use of third party logistics service providers has further complicated this separation challenges with this increase in distance between the resources and the intended markets. By using various best practices within the field of network configuration, the consolidation of multiple segments of various supply chains can improve efficiency and lead to more streamlined supply chains. The primary objective of the study is to develop an alternative to the normative methods used in placing of facilities. The secondary objective is to establish whether consolidation of multiple segments of various supply chains within the oil and gas industry is feasible. By using advanced descriptive decision support techniques and technologies, the study showed how the application of these techniques can assist management with improved decision making at a strategic level. The study is based on a prominent service provider within the oil and gas industry. Both quantitative and qualitative data were used by the researcher to illustrate the complexities involved in serving the direct and indirect supply chains of the oil and gas industry. The analysis shows that by using advanced descriptive decision support techniques and technologies, management can use the process proposed in the study to great effect in visualizing the current supply chains. Consolidation opportunities were also found across multiple supply chains within the service provider. By looking at the historical data, IT-based descriptive decision support techniques and technologies demonstrated the value of visually representing the supply chain and the decisions that could be made based on the results. A strategic hub, as a network configuration option, can be a feasible option if it serves a defined geographical area and is focused on a specific industry (in this case oil and gas). Crucial to a successful study of this nature, is the quality of data. During the study, the issue of effective data cleaning, aggregation, categorization and preparation became evident. Strategic studies will only be effective if proper data cleaning and preparations are done on a regular basis and updated regularly.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die afhanklikheid van olie het die afgelope paar dekades toegeneem. Daar is ook ŉ konstante soektog na nuwe reserwes in die olie- en gasindustrie. Die olie- en gasindustrie word gekenmerk deur die skeiding van brandstofproduksiefasiliteite en die beoogde markte vir sy afgeleides. Hierdie skeiding skep uitdagings vir behoorlike voorsieningskettingbestuur en netwerkkonfigurasie. ŉ Goeie, gebalanseerde netwerkontwerp is van uiterste belang. Die gebruik van derde-party logistieke diensverskaffers het hierdie skeidings-uitdagings verder gestrem as gevolg van langer afstande tussen hulpbronne en die beoogde markte. Verskeie beste praktyke in die studieveld van netwerkkonfigurasie en ontwerp aangewend word. Dit kan die konsolidasie van verskeie segmente van verskillende voorsieningskettings se doeltreffendheid aansienlik verbeter en lei tot meer vaartbelynde voorsieningskettings. Die primêre doel van die studie is om ŉ alternatief tot die normatiewe metodes, wat tans gebruik word vir die plasing van fasiliteite te bepaal. Die sekondêre doel is om vas te stel of konsolidering van verskeie segmente van verskillende voorsieningskettings in die olie- en gasindustrie haalbaar is. ŉ Alternatiewe tot die normatiewe metodes is gevorderde, beskrywende besluitnemingsondersteuningtegnieke en tegnologie. In die studie is getoon hoe die gebruik van hierdie alternatiewe metodes kan help met verbeterde besluitneming op strategiese vlak. Die studie is gebaseer op 'n prominente diensverskaffer in die olie- en gasindustrie. Beide kwantitatiewe en kwalitatiewe data is deur die navorser gebruik om die kompleksiteit in die bediening van die direkte en indirekte voorsieningskettings in die olie- en gasindustrie te illustreer. Hierdie studie het uitgewys hoe die voorgestelde proses ontwikkel en die visualisering van voorsieningskettings tot ŉ groot mate kan verbeter met die gebruik van gevorderde, beskrywende besluitnemingsondersteuningtegnieke en tegnologie. Daar is ook konsolidasie geleenthede gevind vir elemente oor verskeie voorsieningskettings van die diensverskaffer. Deur toepaslike historiese data te ondersoek, met behulp van IT-gebaseerde beskrywende besluitnemingsondersteuningtegnieke en tegnologie, kan die waarde van die visuele voorstelling van voorsieningskettings insiggewend gedemonstreer word. Meer ingeligte en effektiewe besluite kan gevolglik geneem word. Daar is gevind dat ŉ strategiese konsolidasiepunt (“hub”), as ŉ netwerk konfigurasie opsie, moontlik lewensvatbaar kan wees binne ŉ bepaalde geografiese area vir ŉ spesifieke bedryf (in die geval olie en gas). Die kwaliteit van die data is egter van uiterste belang om ŉ suksesvolle studie te verseker. Tydens hierdie studie is die belangrikheid van datasuiwering, samevoeging, kategorisering en voorbereiding duidelik uitgewys. Strategiese studies sal slegs effektief wees indien behoorlike datasuiwering en voorbereiding op 'n gereelde basis gedoen en opgedateer word.

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17

Janczak-Hogarth, David Scott. "A Bayesian risk assessment of the Saudi Arabian oil supply chain, 2001-2010". Thesis, University of Exeter, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/27142.

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The thesis assesses risks to the Saudi Arabia oil supply chain employing Bayesian methodology. The geopolitical impact of the 9/11 terrorist attacks on the World Trade Centre introduced potential new risks to the Saudi oil supply chain. The thesis will identify a series of risks and determine the likelihood and magnitude of potential disruptions the threats could cause. Thorough testing is undertaken employing Bayesian methodology. Bayesian methodology assists in discounting implied, overstated and misplaced threats. Data is collected from a number of various sources including current academic literature, experts in the shipping, security and oil field services industry. The data is arranged and the results tested in order to reveal live or benign threats to the Saudi oil supply chain. Final analysis reveals that there are six major threats to the Saudi oil supply chain, dwindling skilled ex-pat workers, terrorism, new tanker design, a closure of the Strait of Hormuz, Saudi internal instability and developments in technology. The six threats are cross referenced and analysed at depth to determine whether they would individually or combined have a significant disruptive impact on the Saudi oil supply chain.

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Laradi, M. F. "Evaluation of supply chain risk management for material procurement in Libyan oil industry". Thesis, Coventry University, 2017. http://curve.coventry.ac.uk/open/items/cdd991eb-6b80-473a-9ce6-64b835d31885/1.

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The oil industry is considered to be a major industry as it provides energy to all other industries. This industry is exposed to various risks due to extreme circumstances, such as remote area locations, harsh environment, equipment, and functional engineering materials that are exclusively manufactured for this industry. All of these circumstances can disrupt and threaten the existences of the industry. This is where risk management and supply chain risk management is vitally needed by researchers and practitioners. Therefore, the assessment and prediction of the impact of risks on the procurement operation performance of projects is a very challenging task. As a result of this, many projects in the Libyan oil industry and worldwide are still suffering from the impact of these risks. The aspect of risk in supply chain management is underdeveloped on the body of literature, and very few studies have addressed this issue due to its confidentiality. The purpose of this research is to investigate the role of supply-chain risk management in the Libyan oil industry and to understand how procurement practitioners assess supply chain risk management to achieve smooth procurement operations. The author derives a set of propositions and preliminary results which contribute to developing strategies to identify and mitigate those risks. Hence, the contribution to knowledge is to investigate these issues within the Libyan oil industry and also to develop a framework that can be used as a risk management supporting tool. Qualitative and quantitative (triangulation) were adopted for this research. This comprised of the investigation of 65 out of 93 Libyan procurement practitioners, as well as interviews of which 9 Libyan procurement practitioners participated. This research finds that service providers and contractor companies are the highest percentage within stakeholders, who are practising supply risk management techniques. However, this percentage is still low within its group. This research also identifies types of risks that majorly affect the performance of procurement operations, such as purchasing clone parts. Thus, providing valuable information for particular stages of response planning. It also explores how the consideration of risk management can reshape supply chain management. Moreover, a Procurement Risk Management Framework (PRMF) that has been developed and empirically validated.

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Aroge, Olatunde O. "Assessment Of Disruption Risk In Supply Chain The Case Of Nigeria’s Oil Industry". Thesis, University of Bradford, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/17396.

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evaluate disruption risks in the supply chain of petroleum production. This methodology is developed to formalise and facilitate the systematic integration and implementation of various models; such as analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and partial least squares structural equation model (PLS-SEM) and various statistical tests. The methodology is validated with the case of Nigeria’s oil industry. The study revealed the need to provide a responsive approach to managing the influence of geopolitical risk factors affecting supply chain in the petroleum production industry. However, the exploration and production risk, and geopolitical risk were identified as concomitant risk factors that impact performance in Nigeria’s oil industry. The research findings show that behavioural-based mechanisms successfully predict the ability of the petroleum industry to manage supply chain risks. The significant implication for this study is that the current theoretical debate on the supply chain risk management creates the understanding of agency theory as a governing mechanism for supply chain risk in the Nigerian oil industry. The systematic approach results provide an insight and objective information for decisions-making in resolving disruption risk to the petroleum supply chain in Nigeria. Furthermore, this study highlights to stakeholders on how to develop supply chain risk management strategies for mitigating and building resilience in the supply chain in the Nigerian oil industry. The developed systematic method is associated with supply chain risk management and performance measure. The approach facilitates an effective way for the stakeholders to plan according to their risk mitigation strategies. This will consistently help the stakeholders to evaluate supply chain risk and respond to disruptions in supply chain. This capability will allow for efficient management of supply chain and provide the organization with quicker response to customer needs, continuity of supply, lower costs of operations and improve return on investment in the Nigeria oil industry. Therefore, the methodology applied provide a new way for implementing good practice for managing disruption risk in supply chain. Further, the systematic approach provides a simplistic modelling process for disruption risk evaluation for researchers and oil industry professionals. This approach would develop a holistic procedure for monitoring and controlling disruption risk in supply chains practices in Nigeria.

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LEIRAS, ADRIANA. "OPTIMIZATION UNDER UNCERTAINTY FOR INTEGRATED TACTICAL AND OPERATIONAL PLANNING OF THE OIL SUPPLY CHAIN". PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2011. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=17652@1.

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A natureza incerta e os altos incentivos econômicos do negócio de refino são forças motrizes para melhorias nos processos de planejamento das refinarias. Decisões tomadas na cadeia do petróleo diferem principalmente na gama de atividades (integração espacial) e no horizonte de planejamento (integração temporal). O objetivo desta tese é abordar o problema da integração da cadeia do petróleo sob incerteza em diferentes níveis de decisão. Modelos de programação matemática tático e operacional são propostos. O modelo tático maximiza o lucro esperado da cadeia de suprimentos e aloca metas de produção para as refinarias considerando restrições logísticas. O modelo operacional maximiza o lucro esperado de cada refinaria determinando a quantidade de material processada por unidade de processo em um dado período. Ambos os modelos são lineares estocásticos de dois estágios, onde a incerteza é incorporada nos parâmetros dominantes de cada nível (preço e demanda no nível tático e suprimento de petróleo e capacidade das unidades no nível operacional). A integração espacial é discutida no nível tático (considerando a cadeia de suprimentos), enquanto a integração temporal é discutida na interação entre os dois níveis. Duas abordagens de integração temporal são consideradas: hierárquica, onde o fluxo de informações é somente do modelo tático para o operacional, e iterativa, onde há retorno do nível operacional para o tático. Um estudo de escala industrial foi conduzido para demonstrar os benefícios da integração em ambiente estocástico. Resultados são oferecidos no contexto de um estudo usando dados da indústria brasileira do petróleo para demonstrar a eficácia das abordagens propostas.
The uncertain nature and high economic incentives of the refining business are driving forces for improvements in the refinery planning process. Decisions made at the oil chain differ mainly in the range of activities (spatial integration) and planning horizon (temporal integration). This thesis purpose is to address the problem of the oil chain integration under uncertainty at different decision levels. Tactical and operational mathematical programming models are proposed. The tactical model maximizes the expected profit of the supply chain and allocates the production targets to refineries taking logistics constraints into account. The operational model maximizes the expected profit of each refinery determining the amount of material that is processed at each process unit in a given period. Both models are two-stage stochastic linear programs where uncertainty is incorporated in the dominant random parameters at each level (price and demand at the tactical level and oil supply and process capacity unit at the operational level).Spatial integration is discussed at the tactical level (considering supply chain), whereas the temporal integration is discussed in the interaction between the two levels. Two temporal integration approaches are considered: hierarchical, where the flow of information is only from the tactical to the operational model, and iterative, where there is feedback from the tactical to the operational model. An industrial scale study was conducted to discuss the benefits of integration in a stochastic environment. Results are offered in the context of a study using data from the Brazilian oil industry to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approaches.

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Shiwoku, Mervyn Olakunle. "Supply chain management and logistical considerations in distributing crude oil from Nigeria to China". Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/11489.

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The evolution of supply chain management has made significant and continuous contributions to logistical processes. This is highly relevant to crude oil logistics in Nigeria, because both indigenous and multinational oil companies who distribute crude oil from Nigerian ports are yet to adopt an integrated export logistics operation. Besides, the study explores the philosophy of supply chain management applying theoretic frameworks of supply chain process management, demand variability, and vertical integration to encourage integrated export logistics for the distribution of crude oil from Nigeria to China. In addition, the research objectives are: to identify the components of crude oil exports; to review the principles of integrated supply chain management; to analyse crude oil demand in China; to evaluate the efficiency of oil distribution, and to propose strategies that will raise the efficiency of crude oil exports to China from Nigeria. A conceptual model was developed to identify relevant issues that guide the synergy of China’s requirement for energy security and Nigeria’s crude oil supply capability. Also, both a Delphi survey and an archival research method’s were adopted to elucidate on the characteristics of the research population, the shipment frequencies between the two countries, and the sources of competing crude oil exports to China. Measures of central tendency from respondent feedback and non-parametric tests support the study’s findings. Furthermore, recommendations for strategic, operational, and tactical organisation of resources were identified to raise integrated crude oil export efficiency from Nigeria to China directed by the theoretic framework. Moreover, their implications for sustainable logistics practice in the short, medium, and long-term are considered. Finally, it was found that adopting vertical integration in a crude oil supply chain will ensure responsiveness to support export efficiency, and enhance the geographic characteristics of Nigeria for increased export shipments to China.

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Sahebishahemabadi, Hadi [Verfasser] y S. [Akademischer Betreuer] Nickel. "Strategic and Tactical Crude Oil Supply Chain: Mathematical Programming Models / Hadi Sahebishahemabadi. Betreuer: S. Nickel". Karlsruhe : KIT-Bibliothek, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1048384942/34.

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Swanepoel, Helena Catharina. "Establishing a risk reduction model for the inbound supply chain in an oil refinery / H.C. Swanepoel". Thesis, North-West University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4414.

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Companies are in business to make money; money is not there just to be taken. The drive should be on Cash Focus and Project Excellence, the ultimate goal and first price is always to grow stakeholder value sustainability. To be able to achieve just that, the focus should be on: - Operations excellence - Functional excellence - Capital excellence - Value-driven leadership The mission of the oil refinery is to refine crude oil utilising high conversion capability, generating sustainable financial growth and delivering a competitive return on investment, while focusing on sustainable profitability, costs, efficiency, reliability and flexibility. How does the supply chain function fit into all of this and what is their role to play? The objective of any supply chain function should be to support the company?s vision and strategic objectives and by means of risk reduction strategies ensure that the risks that the oil refinery is exposed to in the supply chain function are identified and managed to acceptable levels. Due to the major impact of supply chain activities on a business, a combined programme and project approach should be followed, which will include the understanding of the potential reward, vision clarity, management support, will grow internal ownership and accountability, training, communication and a formal change management programme. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is an existing risk reduction model within the inbound supply chain within the oil refining process. A literature and empirical study was conducted and the conclusion was made that although a risk management framework and processes exist within the operational and maintenance functions, it was not evident in the supply chain function. The supply chain function, together with the operations function (maintenance and plant reliability), is about understanding risk created within equipment and supporting the maintenance strategies by implementing sourcing strategies that will contribute to ensuring the effective supply of materials and services. During the literature study, three models were discussed, namely: - The Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu model of Understanding Risk and the value of Flexibility; - The KPMG Methodology for Implementing Risk Management; and - The Supply Chain Operations Reference model for Business Process Reengineering. The recommendation was made that all three models are combined and proposed to implement as a supply chain risk reduction model with potential risk reduction strategies. Why would any company want to manage and mitigate risk? It links strategic objectives to risks and controls in order to improve corporate performance, increase transparency, provide an early warning system and enhance business sustainability. Once the top risks have been selected, an appropriate risk strategy is defined to optimally manage these risks to enhance and safeguard the company?s performance and value. The steps recommended to be followed by the combined and proposed risk reduction model are: Step 1 All role-players should understand where the supply chain function fits into the business and what its reason for existence is. Step 2 Understanding the impact of macro-environmental factors on the supply chain. Step 3 Implementing the proposed risk management framework for supply chain Phase 1 Planning and establishing context of risk management process Phase 2 Risk identification and risk exploration Phase 3 Risk assessment and risk treatment Phase 4 Implementation, monitoring and review Phase 5 Risk reporting and communication Step 4 Establishing sustainable business processes to support the supply chain strategies and the risk management framework Step 5 Implementing performance measurement and reporting processes Step 6 Proper training and awareness should be given to all parties involved The biggest barriers for modifying a supply chain system within a company are internally and people related. Decision-making must become fact based and because companies depend on the measurement and analysis of performance, measurements must derive from the company?s strategy and provide critical data and information about key processes, outputs and results. Sustainable business processes will link continuous management activities together, which will contribute to an overall outcome. Implementing a pro-active risk management system will assist in the efficient management of the business risk, which can then lead to constituting value in the business. To be able to function within all the ongoing changes occurring all the time, it requires balancing multiple links concurrently to have an effective supply chain function as a result. With the unpredictability in the supply chain, comes increased risk, which may result in disruptions to the supply chain. These disruptions may be unexpected and statistically rare, but they must be understood, identified and managed. For any business, it is first prize to have a risk reduction model in place that can prevent or mitigate a risk before it can actually happen.
Thesis (M.B.A.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

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24

Ebrahimi, Seyed M. "Examining the impact of supply chain integration on organization structure and operational performance in oil and gas supply chains : a contingency approach". Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/10170/.

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This study adopts a contingency approach in order to analyze the mediating role of internal, customer and supplier integration on the relationship between organization structure (OS) (centralization, formalization and hierarchical relationship) and operational performance. Using a global sample from the oil and gas industry, this research examines the direct relationship between the dimensions of organization structure (centralization, formalization and hierarchical relationship) and operational performance. In addition the direct relationship between the dimensions of supply chain integration (SCI) and operational performance is also examined. A quantitative approach using structural equation modeling is used to test the research hypotheses. Data was collected using a questionnaire survey and explored using statistical techniques. Findings revealed that centralization, formalization, and hierarchical relationship negatively impact operational performance of oil and gas supply chains, and that SCI dimensions positively affect operational performance. By further testing for the mediation this study found that by increasing internal and external SCI, oil and gas companies can mitigate the negative effect of high centralization, formalization and hierarchical relationship, on operational performance. More specifically by classifying OS into the “structuring” and “structural” aspects, this research provides evidences on which of the two (the physical or the process) has a stronger negative impact on operational performance. From a practical point of view, it may be a difficult and daunting task for oil and gas companies to restructure and reform their OS (physical aspect), since this process might be timely and expensive to implement. Therefore oil and gas companies by investing in higher internal and external integration create more inter and intra collaboration and communication which could ultimately encourage organizational restructuring and the move towards organic structures. Therefore instead of viewing organizational theory (OS) and operations management (SCI) in isolation, this study endorses a combined approach (OS and SCI) to improve the operational performance of the oil and gas supply chains. Theoretical contributions to the field of operations management and organizational studies are provided.

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D'Agostini, Denise. "Obtenção de lipídios estruturados por interesterificação de triacilgliceróis de cadeia média e longa". Universidade de São Paulo, 2001. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9133/tde-01082002-150412/.

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Através da mistura de óleos e gorduras e de posterior interesterificação, é possível obter compostos denominados de lipídios estruturados. Estes compostos formados pelo rearranjo de triacilgliceróis de cadeias médias e longas apresentam características físicas, químicas e nutricionais diferentes dos lipídios que lhes deram origem. Devido a sua potencial capacidade para a prevenção e tratamento de doenças, também podem ser considerados "nutracêuticos" por apresentarem vantagens clínicas que se encontram associadas aos ácidos graxos de cadeia média (AGCM) e à estrutura particular de sua molécula lipídica formada pela interesterificação. Esta pesquisa empregou dois métodos de modificação de óleos e gorduras: mistura e interesterificação. As matérias-primas utilizadas foram gorduras refinadas de palma e de palmiste, e triacilgliceróis de cadeia média (Trigliceril CM). Foi utilizado um planejamento de dez experimentos. Para as respostas analíticas foi aplicado um modelo de regressão múltipla, do tipo cúbico especial. Os resultados foram apresentados em diagramas triangulares. Estabeleceu-se ainda a correlação entre medidas quantitativas de aspectos morfológicos microscópicos com as características físicas das gorduras. Foram realizadas análises dos pontos de amolecimento e fusão, viscosidade, consistência, conteúdo de gordura sólida, distribuição estereoespecífica dos ácidos graxos através de hidrólise enzimática, e estrutura cristalina das amostras antes e após a reação de interesterificação química. A análise dos resultados indicou que as interações ocorridas entre os três componentes não foram significativas para os pontos de amolecimento e fusão, para a viscosidade e para a consistência antes da interesterificação, e, para o conteúdo de gordura sólida antes e após a interesterificação. Os coeficientes negativos para os parâmetros analisados demonstraram a existência de um efeito antagônico, próprio de interações eutéticas entre misturas de gorduras. Os pontos de amolecimento e de fusão foram dependentes das gorduras de palma e palmiste e das interações ocorridas entre os triacilgliceróis de cadeia média (TCM) e as gorduras de palma e palmiste. A viscosidade dependeu das gorduras de palma, palmiste e TCM. A consistência dependeu das gorduras de palma e palmiste e das interações binárias entre TCM e palmiste e entre palma e palmiste. O conteúdo de gordura sólida dependeu das gorduras de palma e palmiste e das interações binárias entre elas. Estabeleceram-se, ainda, diagramas triangulares, onde foram indicadas curvas de níveis. Os resultados da distribuição estereoespecífica demonstraram que, antes do rearranjo ao acaso, houve preferência do ácido oléico pela posição sn-2, enquanto que os ácidos palmítico e esteárico distribuíram-se principalmente pelas posições sn-1 e sn-3. Nos lipídios estruturados, os ácidos graxos saturados aumentaram sua participação na posição central do triacilglicerol, enquanto os ácidos graxos insaturados apresentaram diminuição nesta mesma posição. Para a estrutura cristalina foram determinados a dimensão fractal, o diâmetro e o número dos cristais, às temperaturas de 15, 20, 25 e 30ºC. Os números de cristais estiveram compreendidos entre 38 a 5245 e entre 33 a 3318, antes e depois da interesterificação, respectivamente. A dimensão fractal variou de 1,47 a 2,44 e de 1,35 a 2,59, antes e após a interesterificação, respectivamente. Os diâmetros médios dos cristais antes da interesterificação estiveram na faixa de 11,93 a 643,48m e, após a interesterificação, os valores variaram de 12,96 a 299,20m. Os lipídios estruturados apresentaram menor número de cristais e menores dimensões fractais que as misturas originais, com exceção da amostra que continha 2/3 de gordura de palma.
Structured lipids are compounds that can be synthesized by blending followed interesterification of fats and oils. These compounds, formed by rearrangement of medium and long chain tryacylglicerols show physical, chemical and nutritional characteristics different from the original lipids. They can also be considered nutraceuticals because of their potentiality in preventing and treating illnesses. This is due to the present clinical advantages associated to the medium chain fatty acids (MCFA) and also, the particular structure of the lipidic molecule formed by the interesterification. Two lipid modification methods were used in this study: blending and interesterification. Refined palm oil, palm kernel oil and medium chain tryacylglicerols (Trigliceril CM) were used as raw material. Ten experiments were planned and carried out. A mathematical model using the special cubic type multiple regression was applied to the analytical responses obtained. The results were shown in triangular diagrams where the contour curves were traced. A correlation between the quantitative measures of the microscopic morphologic aspects and the physical characteristics of the lipids was also established. The following analysis were carried out: determination of softening and melting points, viscosity, consistency, solid fat content, stereospecific distribution of fatty acids by enzymatic hydrolysis technique, and crystal structure of samples obtained before and after chemical interesterification. The results show that the interactions that occurred amongst the three components were not significant in relation to the softening and melting points, the viscosity, and the consistency before interesterification, and the solid fat content before and after interesterification. The negative coefficients of the parameters analyzed show an antagonic effect, which is characteristic of eutectic interactions amongst fats. The softening and melting points depended on the palm and palm kernel fats, and on the interactions that occurred between the medium chain tryacylglicerols (MCT) and the palm and palm kernel fats. The viscosity depended on the palm and palm kernel fats and on the medium chain tryacylglicerols (MCT). The solid fat content depended on the palm and palm kernel fats and on the binary interactions between them. The results of the stereospecific distribution showed that, instead of a random distribution, oleic acid was preferably esterified at the sn-2 position, whereas palmitic and stearic acids were mainly distributed at the sn-1 and sn-3 positions. The saturated fatty acids in the structured lipids increased their participation in the tryacylglicerol central position, whereas the unsaturated fatty acids decreased their participation at the same position. Fractal dimension, crystal diameter, and crystal number at 15, 20, 25 and 30ºC were determined to analyze the crystal structure. Fractal dimension varied from 1,47 to 2,44 and from 1,35 to 2,59 before and after the interesterification reaction, respectively. The crystal number varied from 38 to 5245 and from 33 to 3318, before and after the interesterification reaction, respectively. The average diameter of the crystals before interesterification varied from 11,93 to 643,48m and, after interesterification, these values varied from 12,96 to 299,20m. Structured lipids showed a smaller crystal number and smaller fractal dimensions than the original mixtures, with exception of the sample containing 2/3 of palm oil.

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JUNIOR, EDSON DA COSTA PINTO. "REDESIGN OF PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT SYSTEM: A FRAMEWORK AND ITS APPLICATION IN THE SUPPLY CHAIN OF THE OIL AND GAS SECTOR". PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2018. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=35796@1.

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Embora o tema Sistema de Medição de desempenho – SMD venha sendo objeto de muitos estudos por acadêmicos e práticos, a literatura acadêmica ainda carece de estudos que abordem, de forma específica, cada fase do ciclo de vida do SMD. O mesmo se reflete na indústria, onde são feitos grandes esforços nas fases de desenho e implantação e verifica-se menos atenção na fase de revisão. Nesse contexto, esta dissertação tem a proposta de apresentar um framework hábil para ser aplicado em revisões de SMD. Posteriormente, este estudo também se propôs a relatar um estudo de caso de revisão de SMD numa cadeia de suprimentos no setor de óleo e gás. Como produto final, apresenta-se o framework e uma nova lista de indicadores que está em fase de estudo para implantação na empresa estudada.
Although the subject Performance Measurement System (PMS) has been the subject of many academic and practical studies, the academic literature still lacks studies that specifically address each phase of the PMS life cycle. The same is reflected in the industry, where there are major efforts in the design and deployment phases and less attention in the review phase. In this context, this dissertation proposes to present a framework that can be applied to PMS reviews. Subsequently, this paper also proposed to report a case study of PMS revision in an oil and gas supply chain. As final product, the framework is presented and a new list of indicators is being studied for implementation in the company studied.

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Nisbet, D. J. "Lead time performance in the supply chain : a case study of the equipment supply environment of the offshore oil exploration and production industry on the UK continental shelf". Thesis, Cranfield University, 2000. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/4278.

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This research study is an examination of the influencing factors on lead time performance in a capital equipment supply environment. The research is being undertaken as a case study of the capital equipment supply environment of the offshore oil exploration and production industry on the UK Continental Shelf. The study methodology is justified as a case supply environment, with multiple sources of data from research instruments including: exploratory and detailed interviews and structured survey methods. The literature review examines time-based approaches to supply chain improvement and the literature related to supply chain integration. Relevant literature related to supply chain systems/structures and relationships/infrastructure are examined as potential influencing factors on lead time performance. A background of the generic case environment is provided, along with relevant literature related to the supply chain in oil exploration and production. The results of a survey of the state of integration of the offshore supply chain are presented and analysed, followed by the results of a structured mail survey within the capital equipment environment. The survey information is used to inform the Case Research phase and define a division of the case environment related to different complexity levels. Individual cases are analysed based on the framework from the literature review and refined from the survey phase. The research questions are addressed at the level of each individual case and propositions derived which are then validated based on cross-case comparisons. Aspects of literature that are supported by the study are discussed along with those areas where there is a contribution to literature. Contribution to supply chain theory is justified related to the derivation of a Types Classification Model as a means of understanding the generic nature of a capital equipment supply chain. Contribution to methodology is justified, based on the use of a supply environment for study and the use of a supply chain trace-back method.

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28

Nisbet, D. J. "Lead time performance in the supply chain :|ba case study of the equipment supply environment of the offshore oil exploration and production industry on the UK continental shelf". Thesis, Cranfield University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1826/4278.

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This research study is an examination of the influencing factors on lead time performance in a capital equipment supply environment. The research is being undertaken as a case study of the capital equipment supply environment of the offshore oil exploration and production industry on the UK Continental Shelf. The study methodology is justified as a case supply environment, with multiple sources of data from research instruments including: exploratory and detailed interviews and structured survey methods. The literature review examines time-based approaches to supply chain improvement and the literature related to supply chain integration. Relevant literature related to supply chain systems/structures and relationships/infrastructure are examined as potential influencing factors on lead time performance. A background of the generic case environment is provided, along with relevant literature related to the supply chain in oil exploration and production. The results of a survey of the state of integration of the offshore supply chain are presented and analysed, followed by the results of a structured mail survey within the capital equipment environment. The survey information is used to inform the Case Research phase and define a division of the case environment related to different complexity levels. Individual cases are analysed based on the framework from the literature review and refined from the survey phase. The research questions are addressed at the level of each individual case and propositions derived which are then validated based on cross-case comparisons. Aspects of literature that are supported by the study are discussed along with those areas where there is a contribution to literature. Contribution to supply chain theory is justified related to the derivation of a Types Classification Model as a means of understanding the generic nature of a capital equipment supply chain. Contribution to methodology is justified, based on the use of a supply environment for study and the use of a supply chain trace-back method.

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29

Medeiros, Breno Barreto. "Policies to develop the oil and gas supply chain : essays with emphasis on the lessons and contributions from the norwegian experience to Brazil". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/139340.

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O objetivo da tese é analisar as diferentes formas de Política Industrial (PI) na Noruega e no Brasil para desenvolver a cadeia produtiva de Petróleo e Gás (P&G), com ênfase em identificar lições e contribuições da experiência norueguesa. A corrente de pensamento de PI evolucionária foi a base teórica da análise. Três ensaios constituem o trabalho, de forma a cumprir o objetivo proposto, sendo os dois primeiros em inglês e o terceiro em português. O primeiro ensaio faz a revisão teórica de políticas industriais, definindo o seu conceito, caracterizando a perspectiva histórica de suas teorias, além de discutir outros aspectos relevantes relacionados ao tema, como, por exemplo: a sua relação com políticas macroeconômicas; a sua estabilidade e previsibilidade; a coordenação das políticas; políticas horizontais e verticais; tipos de instrumentos; mensuração de resultados; o atrelamento de benefícios a progressos em competitividade/metas; e a sua duração. O artigo também discute as principais abordagens nos dias atuais sobre políticas industriais (ortodoxa e evolucionária). Assim, identifica que políticas industriais historicamente foram implementadas em processos de desenvolvimento industrial, e que ainda existe espaço para continuar sendo praticada, a despeito da criação da Organização Mundial do Comércio (OMC) e suas consequências. O segundo ensaio analisa o bem-sucedido desenvolvimento da cadeia produtiva do setor de P&G na Noruega, promovendo mudanças estruturais na sua economia. A Noruega se destacou no desenvolvimento do setor de P&G por conseguir, em pouco mais de 20 anos de políticas implementadas (1972-1994): fortalecer o seu desenvolvimento socioeconômico; evitar a desindustrialização decorrente da doença holandesa; desenvolver empresas de petróleo locais (estatal e privadas); desenvolver a cadeia produtiva do setor de P&G ampla e competitiva internacionalmente, incluindo a formação de clusters relacionados ao setor; e, por fim, se tornar uma referência em inovação no setor de P&G. O ensaio também identificou quais foram as principais ações implementadas na Noruega para desenvolver este setor. A despeito de o desenvolvimento da indústria de P&G norueguesa ter sido marcado por fatores internos e externos favoráveis, alguns desafios relevantes tiveram de ser superados, como, por exemplo, sobrecustos, atrasos nas entregas e importantes empresas locais falirem. O terceiro ensaio identificou que a cadeia produtiva do setor de P&G no Brasil tem evoluído, as políticas industriais têm sido aperfeiçoadas, mas o seu desenvolvimento, além de apresentar alguns problemas semelhantes ao que a Noruega teve que superar no passado, carrega outras particularidades. Ao analisar as políticas industriais implementadas nos dois países para o desenvolvimento deste setor, identificou-se que, em alguma medida, a Noruega já está sendo utilizada como referência para o Brasil, mas ainda existem lições e contribuições a serem aprendidas deste caso de sucesso. Entretanto, as diferenças socioeconômicas, políticas e culturais, agravadas por uma atual conjuntura global e interna mais adversa, tornam o desafio do Brasil de desenvolver a cadeia produtiva do setor de P&G ampla e competitiva mais difícil do que foi para a Noruega.
The aim of this thesis is to analyse different forms of Industrial Policy (IP) in Norway and Brazil to develop the Oil and Gas (O&G) supply chain, identifying the lessons and contributions from the Norwegian experience. The evolutionist view of IP forms the theoretical basis of the analysis, which is structured in three parts. The first two essays are in English and the third in Portuguese. The first essay presents a theoretical review of IP, defining the concept and placing the theories within a historical perspective, in addition to discussing other relevant issues, such as: its relation to macroeconomic policies; its stability and predictability; policy coordination; horizontal and vertical policies; types of instruments; measurement of results; linking benefits to progress in competitiveness/targets; and, finally, its duration. The article also discusses the main approaches taken towards IP today (orthodox and evolutionary). Thus, we see how IP was historically implemented in industrial development processes and find that there is still room to continue implementing it, despite the creation of the World Trade Organization (WTO) and its consequences. The second essay analyses the successful development of the O&G supply chain in Norway, promoting structural changes in the economy. Norway stood out in the development of the O&G sector for having succeeded, in just over 20 years of policy implementation (1972-1994), in: enhancing its socio-economic development; avoiding de-industrialization due to the Dutch disease; developing local oil companies (state and private); developing a broad and internationally competitive O&G supply chain, including the formation of clusters related to the O&G sector, and, moreover setting a benchmark in innovation in the O&G sector. The essay also illustrates the main actions implemented in Norway to develop the O&G sector. Although the development of the Norwegian O&G industry was marked by internal and external favourable factors, some relevant challenges had to be overcome, including cost overruns, delays in deliveries and important local companies went bankrupt. The third essay finds that the O&G supply chain in Brazil has evolved, the industrial policies have been improved, but while its development also shows some problems similar to those that Norway had to overcome in the past, it also has other peculiarities. On analysing the industrial policies implemented in both countries to develop this sector, it emerges that to some extent, Norway is already being used as reference for Brazil, but there are still lessons and contributions to be learned from this successful case. However, due to socio-economic, political and cultural differences, compounded by today’s more adverse global and domestic environment, the challenge Brazil has to face in developing a broad and competitive O&G supply chain is tougher than it was for Norway.

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Seinelä, Visa y Yara Galouk. "The pursuit of sustainability in the oil industry : A case study in an international company". Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Jönköping University, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-48552.

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Abstract Background: The oil industry is experiencing tremendous challenges due to the shifts in global markets and decreasing profits from oil. These challenges have steered companies to select more profitable investments and disregarding different matters of sustainability. However, the oil companies aim to be seen as more sustainable, since the demands of the public and governments increased toward sustainability. Thus, improving sustainability capabilities in the oil industry has become more critical than ever. In this study, the triple bottom line framework is used, which covers the social, environmental, and economical dimensions of sustainability. This study focuses on reactive and proactive practices that can overcome the barriers to achieving sustainability. Furthermore, the focus is on the oil industry’s pursuit of sustainability is facilitated by connecting reactive and proactive practices to improve the sustainability capabilities of a company. Purpose: The purpose of this study is first to identify the barriers to achieving sustainability in the oil industry and understand how companies can overcome these barriers by conducting reactive and proactive practices. Furthermore, the purpose is to understand how reactive and proactive practices can improve companies' capabilities for sustainability performance. Method: This study follows the inductive approach, as the aim was to discover new insights and assumptions from the studied phenomenon. Furthermore, the study is conducted as exploratory and qualitative, in order to provide a rich understanding of the barriers of sustainability within the oil industry, and how reactive and proactive practices can facilitate the capabilities for improving sustainability in companies. For the data collection method, semi-structured interviews were conducted with experts working within a single company that operates in the oil industry. The collected empirical data was analyzed with grounded analysis. Conclusion: With the empirical findings and existing literature, the internal and external barriers to achieving sustainability are identified. Furthermore, the connection with identified barriers and reactive and proactive practices is introduced, as well as how the practices facilitate overcoming these barriers. Also, the study connects reactive and proactive practices that improve sustainability capabilities in companies. The study suggests that practitioners focus on developing a solid foundation of reactive practices, on which to build strategies with proactive practices. Primarily the focus on the oil industry should be in the creation of environmental capabilities, as this potential is disregarded with the current set of practices. Improving triple bottom line dimensions is identified as a win-win process, which argues for the potential of improvement in environmental sustainability would assist in matching the economic and social demands of the oil industry.

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31

Montoya, García Stefhanie Nevenka. "Evaluación para la optimización de los procesos logísticos de entrada mediante la herramienta supply chain management en la empresa Oil Compañía Industrial del Perú S.A.C., Lima - 2016". Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo, 2018. http://tesis.usat.edu.pe/handle/usat/1071.

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Evaluar la actual logística de entrada es indispensable en toda organización, con la finalidad de optimizar los procesos mediante la gestión de la cadena de suministro y contribuir a la satisfacción del cliente garantizando el crecimiento de la organización. La materia prima importada en su totalidad y representa el 88% del costo total de producción por lo que su compra se realiza mediante contratos y formas que deben ser gestionados. Se tiene por objetivo principal la Evaluación y diseño de estrategias para mejorar los procesos logísticos de entrada, mediante el Supply Chain Management en OIL Compañía Industrial del Perú S.A.C., LIMA – 2016. Dicho objetivo se logrará mediante el conocimiento de la empresa y sus procesos de entrada, posterior a ello se debe realizar un mapeo de la logística y determinar la problemática actual. Se encontraron tres puntos críticos, el primero, la reunión mensual entre los jefes de ventas e importaciones utilizan datos históricos y proyectados para determinar la demanda. El segundo punto crítico, es la falta de evaluación a los proveedores por parte del departamento de importaciones y finalmente el contrato de importación se da bajo el termino FOB que genera gestiones logísticas adicionales, atrasos en las compras, costos adicionales por sobreestadía y un costo de oportunidad implícito asumido por el importador. Finalmente proponemos estrategias de mejora, crear un comité de planeamiento que tenga en cuenta el plan de ventas, plan de producción y el plan financiero, con reuniones quincenales, evaluar a los proveedores con los criterios de tiempo, calidad, cantidad, precios entre otros, por último, la utilización del Incoterms CFR para optimización de costos y tiempos.
Tesis

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32

Itsekor, Lucky Ubini. "Mitigating Petroleum Product Shortages in the Nigerian Downstream Petroleum Supply Industry". ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5088.

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In Nigeria, almost every business enterprise relies on petroleum products for power or transportation. Shortages of petroleum products cripple business activities and undermine development of the Nigerian economy. The purpose of this multiple case study was to explore supply chain management strategies needed by petroleum business leaders to mitigate shortages and sustain business development in Nigeria. The sample for the study included 10 senior leaders from 2 private-sector Nigerian downstream petroleum supply companies located in the Niger Delta region, who had successfully implemented strategies for petroleum supply. The resource based view theory served as the conceptual framework for the study. Data collection included semistructured face-to-face interviews and review of operational and policy documents from the supply companies. Data were transcribed, analyzed, and validated through member checking and triangulation, resulting in the identification of 6 themes: appropriate allocation of resources to all segments of the supply value chain for efficiency, efficient banking and foreign exchange operations, engaging appropriate human capital for operational efficiency, technology application in both operational and nonoperational segments, maintaining good organization reputation in the industry, and investment in Nigerian crude oil refining and infrastructures. Findings may be used by petroleum business leaders and investors to create effective and efficient supply chain management, leading to product availability, employment opportunities, poverty reduction, and economic development.

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GonÃalves, Marcos FalcÃo. "Agricultores familiares produtores de mamona no CearÃ: nÃvel tecnolÃgico e seus determinantes". Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2011. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=6494.

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The depletion of fossil fuels has led them to search for alternative sources of energy. In this context the Brazilian government launched the National Program of Biodiesel Production and Use _ PNPB, taking advantage of natural conditions conductive to the production of ethanol, based on the principle of inclusion of family farming. In line with the federal program, the Government of CearÃ also launched its incentive program, initially selected as castor oilseed primary, which makes us think about the real ability to integrate these farmers, as well as the level of technology used by them. The objective of this work is to identify the technological level of producers of castor farmers in CearÃ and its determinants. For the preparation of this study used primary data obtained through the application of questionnaires to 100 farmers and 50 castor farmers who do not cultivate this culture. The questionnaires were administered in five municipalities with the highest concentration of soybean fields, from the December/2009 January/2010. The results show that 80% of producers are part of the working age population, while 97% are male and acquire their income in agriculture. Concerning the technological level, using the Logit model to identify the determinants for adoption, it was found that the producers of castor evaluated using an average of 59% of recommended technologies, are classified in pattern II. It is noteworthy that the origin of seed plants by the number of pits and the consortium of crops were the predominant technology for achieving this result. As determinants of technology adoption, age and years of study were the most significant variables. Thus, it is concluded that they needed guidance and support given to producers of castor to improve productivity and profitability of the crop.
O esgotamento dos combustÃveis fÃsseis tem levado Ã busca de fontes alternativas de energia. Nesse contexto, o Governo brasileiro lanÃou o Programa Nacional de ProduÃÃo e Uso de Biodiesel â PNPB, aproveitando-se das condiÃÃes naturais propÃcias Ã produÃÃo desse biocombustÃvel, tendo como princÃpio a inserÃÃo da agricultura familiar. Em consonÃncia com o programa federal, o Governo do CearÃ tambÃm lanÃou seu programa de incentivo, elegendo inicialmente a mamona como oleaginosa principal, o que leva Ã reflexÃo sobre a capacidade de integraÃÃo desses agricultores, bem como o nÃvel tecnolÃgico por eles utilizado. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho Ã identificar o nÃvel tecnolÃgico dos agricultores familiares produtores de mamona no Estado do CearÃ e seus fatores determinantes. Para a elaboraÃÃo do presente estudo foram utilizados dados primÃrios, obtidos mediante aplicaÃÃo de questionÃrios junto a 100 produtores de mamona e 50 agricultores familiares que nÃo cultivam a mamona. Os questionÃrios foram aplicados em cinco municÃpios com maior concentraÃÃo do cultivo dessa oleaginosa, no perÃodo de dezembro/2009 a janeiro/2010. Os resultados demonstram que 80% dos produtores fazem parte da PopulaÃÃo em Idade Ativa, sendo que 97% sÃo do sexo masculino e adquirem sua renda na agropecuÃria. Em relaÃÃo ao nÃvel tecnolÃgico, utilizando-se o modelo Logit para identificar os fatores determinantes para sua adoÃÃo, verificou-se que os produtores de mamona avaliados utilizam, em mÃdia, 59% das tecnologias recomendadas, sendo classificados no padrÃo II. Destaca-se que a origem das sementes, o nÃmero de plantas por covas e o consÃrcio de culturas foram as tecnologias preponderantes para o alcance desse resultado. Como determinantes para a adoÃÃo tecnolÃgica, idade e anos de estudo foram as variÃveis mais significativas. Dessa forma, conclui-se que se fazem necessÃrios orientaÃÃo e acompanhamento dos produtores de mamona para melhorar a produtividade e a rentabilidade da cultura.

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Marcellino, Fernando José de Moura. "Planejamento integrado da cadeia de suprimentos da indústria do petróleo baseado em agentes holônicos". Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3141/tde-03102013-142858/.

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A área do petróleo é uma das que mais podem se beneficiar da melhoria de eficiência da gestão da cadeia de suprimentos. Entretanto, o comportamento dinâmico de tais cadeias é muito complexo para ser modelado de forma analítica. Por outro lado, estas cadeias mostram várias características intrínsecas em comum com sistemas multiagentes, que oferecem a flexibilidade necessária para modelar as complexidades e a dinâmica das cadeias de suprimentos reais sem a necessidade de premissas muito simplificadoras. Como o problema de gerenciamento da cadeia de suprimentos apresenta uma estrutura recursiva, torna-se ainda mais conveniente usar um modelo baseado em agentes holônicos, que mostram uma estrutura do tipo fractal. Além disso, o tipo de relacionamento entre as entidades da cadeia e a necessidade de uma otimização global sugerem modelar suas interações na forma de restrições. Por esta razão, esta tese propõe um modelo distribuído de otimização através da definição de um novo problema denominado Problema de Satisfação de Restrições Holônico com Otimização (HCOP), que é baseado nos conceitos do Problema de Satisfação de Restrições Distribuído com Otimização (DCOP) e agentes holônicos. Além disso, foi desenvolvido um meta-algoritmo baseado no algoritmo DTREE para solucionar este tipo de problema, onde vários algoritmos disponíveis de otimização centralizados podem ser embutidos e integrados de tal forma a obter a configuração mais adequada para cada caso. Assim, uma típica cadeia de suprimentos da indústria do petróleo foi modelada como um HCOP, e foi desenvolvido um protótipo que implementa o meta-algoritmo proposto em um ambiente que integra sistemas de otimização de produção e logística, que são representativos em relação a situações reais. Finalmente foram realizados experimentos sobre um estudo de caso da empresa PETROBRAS, que permitiram a verificação da viabilidade deste modelo e a comprovação de suas vantagens em relação às abordagens convencionais.
The oil area is one of those that may most benefit from the improved efficiency of supply chain management. However, the dynamic behavior of such chains is too complex to be modeled analytically. Moreover, these chains show several intrinsic characteristics in common with multiagent systems, which offer the required flexibility to model the complexities and dynamics of real supply chains without rather simplifying assumptions. As the problem of managing the supply chain has a recursive structure, it becomes more convenient to use a model based on holonic agents, which show a fractal-type structure. Furthermore, the type of relationship between entities in the chain and the need for global optimization suggest to model their interactions in the form of constraints. For this reason, this thesis proposes an optimization distributed model by defining a new problem called Holonic Constraint Optimization Problem (HCOP), which is based on concepts from Distributed Constraint Satisfaction Optimization Problem (DCOP) and holonic agents. In addition we developed a meta-algorithm based on DTREE algorithm for solving this type of problem, where several algorithms available for centralized optimization algorithms can be embedded and integrated so as to obtain the most suitable configuration for each case. Thus, a typical supply chain of the petroleum industry was modeled as a HCOP, and we developed a prototype that implements the meta-algorithm in an environment that integrates the optimization systems for production and logistics, which are representative in relation to actual situations. Finally experiments were performed on a case study of the company PETROBRAS, which allowed the verification of the feasibility of this model and the proof of their advantages over conventional approaches.

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35

BUTTAFOCO, Oona Arlene. "Emerging Solutions for the Improvement of Food Traceability in the EU: Examining the Use of Blockchain Technology for Tracing Extra Virgin Olive Oil (EVOO)". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-392161.

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The issue of food traceability is one that affects a great number of sectors and policy areas. Within the EU, there is increasing demand from consumers, businesses and institutions to have more direct access to information about how food is produced, transformed, and distributed. Currently, however, practices in the industry are very much open to human error. Databases are highly vulnerable to inaccuracies and hacking, as well as deliberate faults caused by corruption or fraudulent conduct. With food traceability being so closely related to trade and public health issues, there is arguably increasing incentive for the EU to seek alternative tools to increase transparency and accountability throughout supply chains. Consequently, this paper will examine a possible alternative to current practices by evaluating the applicability of 'blockchain' technology, namely a system of digitised, decentralised ledgers, which could allow key stakeholders to access information about the provenance of food immediately, comprehensively and securely. The analysis will focus specifically on Extra Virgin Olive Oil (EVOO), one of the most adulterated products in the food industry, identifying gaps and opportunities in current traceability systems. The research question tackled in this paper, therefore, may be formulated as follows: how and to what extent could blockchain technology constitute a sustainable solution for improving the traceability of EVOO within the EU? The paper begins with a brief overview of the issue and an explanation of the research methodology used, followed by an elaboration of key terms and concepts and a detailed explanation of the principles underlying blockchain technology. Subsequently, the key challenges and opportunities associated with blockchain-based traceability systems are examined through a case study, followed by an analysis aimed at assessing the sustainability of blockchain solutions for the EVOO sector. The conclusion, lastly, provides an overview of relevant findings and proposes a final assessment.

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36

Brendle, Martina Gehrke. "DESENVOLVIMENTO TECNOLÓGICO DE SUSPENSÕES E LIOFILIZADOS DE NANOCÁPSULAS POLIMÉRICAS PARA A VEICULAÇÃO DO NEUROPROTETOR IDEBENONA". Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2013. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/6022.

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Idebenone is an antioxidant, a synthetic derivative of coenzyme Q10, with several applications, such as neuroprotection. However, this drug has low solubility in water, besides is irritant substance and has chemical instability. Hence, idebenone-loaded nano-organized systems have been developed, such as polymeric nanocapsules (NC). Vegetable oils containing antioxidants such as coconut oil and palm oil can be interesting for the composition of these particles. In this way, the aim of this work was to develop NC suspensions containing different oils as core (palm, coconut or medium chain triglycerides) for delivery of neuroprotective agent idebenone in order to compare the behavior of these systems concerning physico-chemical stability, photostability, controlled release, and conversion to redispersible solid dosage forms (lyophilized products). The nanocapsules were prepared by interfacial deposition of preformed polymer. As the results, it was possible to prepare poly(Ɛ-caprolactone) NC suspensions and palm oil (PO/PCL) or Eudragit® RS100 and coconut oil (OC/EUD) containing idebenone (1.0 mg/mL) with appropriate physico-chemical characteristics. Parameters such as the proportion of aqueous phase/organic phase, type of both surfactant (low HLB) and polymer influenced the optimization of these systems. For comparison, corresponding formulations were prepared with medium chain triglycerides (TCM/PCL or TCM/EUD), using the same conditions. The suspensions had an average diameter between 166 and 216nm, low polydispersity index (0.085 to 0.142), positive or negative zeta potential, depending on the characteristics of the polymer, and high encapsulation efficiency. The maintenance of average particle diameter and low polydispersity index have be verified during stability study (room temperature and exposed or not to light) for 75 days. However, the idebenone content significantly decreased in this period, with influence on the type of polymer. Thereafter, photostability study has shown that the suspensions NC OP/PCL (UVC/UVA) and TCM/PCL (UVA) were able to significantly reduce the degradation of idebenone (content: 53,7-76,1%) compared to an aqueous micellar (content: 31,2-63,1%) dispersion containing the drug. In addition, these systems were able to promoting drug controlled release (t1/2 26 h), without burst effect, showing monoexponential profile (t1/2< 3.0 h for free drug). The lyophilization of suspensions, employing trehalose as soluble carbohydrate, resulted in suitable and redispersible products (content of 96-100%, less than 3.6% moisture; 0.8-1.2 index), presenting several spherical structures, including in colloidal range, featuring the presence of NC in these dried products. In the stability study (room temperature/protection from light and moisture), it was observed that the lyophilized products were able to delay or decrease the degradation of idebenone compared to suspensions of origin, regardless of the both type of polymer (PCL/EUD) and oil (OP/OC/TCM). In conclusion, the developed systems are promising for the controlled release of neuroprotective drug idebenone.
A idebenona é um antioxidante, derivado sintético da coenzima Q10, com várias aplicações, como em neuroproteção. No entanto, este fármaco possui baixa solubilidade em água, potencial irritativo e instabilidade química, fato que tem despertado o interesse em sua associação a sistemas nano-organizados. Dentre estes, destacam-se as nanocápsulas poliméricas (NC). Óleos vegetais, contendo compostos antioxidantes, como óleo de coco e de palma, podem ser interessantes para a composição destas partículas. Neste sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver suspensões de NC contendo diferentes óleos como núcleo (palma, coco ou triglicerídeos de cadeia média), almejando à veiculação do neuroprotetor idebenona, de forma a comparar o comportamento dos sistemas quanto à estabilidade físico-química, fotoestabilidade, controle de liberação, além da conversão em formas farmacêuticas sólidas redispersíveis (liofilizados). As NC foram preparadas pelo método de deposição interfacial de polímero pré-formado. Conforme os resultados, foi possível preparar suspensões de NC de poli(ε-caprolactona) e óleo de palma (OP/PCL) ou de Eudragit® RS100 e óleo de coco (OC/EUD), contendo idebenona (1,0 mg/mL), com características físico-químicas adequadas, sendo que fatores como proporção das fases aquosa/orgânica, tipo de tensoativo de baixo EHL e de polímero influenciaram a otimização dos sistemas. Para fins comparativos, formulações correspondentes foram preparadas com triglicerídeos de cadeia média (TCM/PCL ou TCM/EUD), empregando as mesmas condições. As suspensões apresentaram diâmetros médios entre 166 e 216 nm, baixos índices de polidispersão (0,085-0,142), potencial zeta positivo ou negativo, dependendo das características do polímero e elevada eficiência de encapsulamento. Quando estas suspensões foram submetidas a estudo de estabilidade, à temperatura ambiente e expostas ou não à luz, durante 75 dias, verificou-se manutenção dos diâmetros médios de partículas e baixos índices de polidispersão. Entretanto, o teor de idebenona decaiu significativamente neste período, com influência significativa do tipo de polímero. Após, estudo de fotoestabilidade demonstrou que as suspensões de NC OP/PCL (UVC/UVA) e TCM/PCL (UVA) foram capazes de reduzir significativamente a degradação da idebenona (teor remanescente: 53,7-76,1%) em comparação a uma dispersão micelar aquosa contendo o fármaco (teor remanescente: 31,2-63,1%), além de promoverem liberação controlada da mesma (t1/2 26 h), sem efeito burst, com perfil ajustado ao modelo monoexponencial (t1/2<3,0 h para fármaco livre). A liofilização das suspensões, empregando trealose, um carboidrato solúvel, resultou em produtos adequados (teor entre 96-100 %; umidade inferior a 3,6 %), redispersíveis (índice de ressuspensão entre 0,8-1,2) e com a presença de inúmeras estruturas esféricas, inclusive na faixa coloidal, caracterizando a presença das NC nestes produtos secos. No estudo de estabilidade (temperatura ambiente/proteção da luz e da umidade), observou-se que os produtos liofilizados foram capazes de retardar ou diminuir significativamente a degradação da idebenona em comparação às suspensões de origem, independentemente do tipo de polímero (PCL/EUD) e de óleo (OP/OC/TCM). Sendo assim, os sistemas desenvolvidos são promissores para a liberação controlada do neuroprotetor idebenona.

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37

Alegre, Ezzizis Carvalho Costa. "A cadeia de valor e formação de preços do óleo de palma em São Tomé e Príncipe: análise segundo os sistemas de produção tipo tradicional e industrial". Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/29041.

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O óleo de palma, também conhecido como óleo de dendé, azeite de dendé ou até azeite de palma, comummente usado para fins alimentares, industriais e não só, é um produto extraído dos frutos da palmeira, das regiões tropicais húmidas, em que se reúnem condições climáticas para a sua plantação e exploração, como é o caso de São Tomé e Príncipe (STP), constituindo a sua produção, quer tradicional quer industrial, uma fonte potencial de valorização dos recursos e diversificação das exportações, de criação de riqueza e de bem-estar, e desenvolvimento das suas populações. Atualmente, o mercado de óleo alimentar é abastecido pelo óleo de palma produzido de forma tradicional, pelas famílias que se envolvem nesta prática, de forma agroindustrial, retomada recentemente pela Agripalma, e através da importação de outros tipos de óleos alimentares. O crescimento populacional e a diminuição da produção doméstica de óleo de palma, no início da década passada, levou a um aumento considerável da importação de outros tipos de óleos alimentares, com uma consequente alteração dos padrões de consumo e gostos dos consumidores. Por isso, importou estudar e avaliar a competitividade da produção de óleo de palma em STP e de seguida, investigar como melhorar a competitividade da fileira do óleo de palma face à concorrência de óleos alimentares importados. Assim, numa primeira fase, caracterizou-se o agronegócio do óleo alimentar em STP, fundamentalmente com base em dados secundários. Em seguida, a segunda fase fundamental do trabalho, consistiu, com base em dados primários obtidos por inquérito, na caracterização da fileira do óleo de palma a fim de identificar as principais fases e operações levadas a cabo por cada um dos agentes participantes na cadeia e dos custos das mesmas, bem como dos preços que se formam em cada uma das fases e, portanto, das margens que se obtêm nos canais de comercialização dos sistemas tradicional e industrial. Numa terceira fase, procedeu-se à comparação dos preços de óleo de palma com os preços de óleos alimentares importados, uma vez que em termos de consumo constituem bens substitutos quase perfeitos. Na quarta e última fase, fez-se a análise, discussão e apresentação de propostas e recomendações para as políticas públicas que podem contribuir para a dinamização e o desenvolvimento da cadeia de valor em STP. A cadeia de produção tradicional do óleo de palma em STP é constituída por produtores de pinha de andim, transformadores de pinha em óleo de palma e vendedores a retalho que agregam valor nas fases da produção, transformação e comercialização, respetivamente. Os valores obtidos para a retribuição dos fatores próprios, a receita familiar ou rendimento dos produtores, transformadores e vendedores a retalho são positivos, indicando uma retribuição para o trabalho familiar um pouco abaixo até valores acima do valor do mercado, ou seja, do seu custo de oportunidade, consoante as fases da cadeia em que intervêm nos canais longo, intermédio e curto. Assim, o sistema tradicional para além de garantir produção para auto-consumo, constitui uma receita para a formação do rendimento das famílias que se dedicam à produção, transformação e venda a retalho do óleo de palma. No sistema agro-industrial, para o canal curto ou de exportação foi apurado um resultado líquido ligeiramente negativo no primeiro semestre de operação da empresa Agripalma, porque a produção real ficou abaixo da prevista, e uma margem positiva e relativamente elevada no canal intermédio ou doméstico, pelo que, aos níveis de produção agroindustrial previstos, haverá vantagem económica para ambos os canais deste sistema. Concluiu-se, também, que os custos e o preço do óleo de palma de produção tradicional são maiores do que o do óleo de palma industrial e dos óleos alimentares importados. Os níveis de produção baixos, o potencial de qualidade, as características organoléticas e a tipicidade parecem assegurar o prémio de preço do óleo de palma de produção tradicional. Quanto ao óleo de palma industrial, o seu custo de exportação, mesmo considerando custos elevados de assistência técnica e propriedade industrial e do contexto de mercado do primeiro semestre do corrente ano, é competitivo aos preços internacionais, e o seu preço doméstico é mais baixo do que o preço dos óleos importados, pelo que é competitivo no mercado doméstico. Assim, ambos os sistemas da cadeia de valor de óleo de palma podem constituir um fator de valorização dos recursos naturais, nomeadamente da terra e das plantações de palmeira, das matérias primas por elas produzidas, a pinha de andim, e do trabalho dos produtores, transformadores e vendedores envolvidos na cadeia de valor do óleo de palma produzido localmente. Para promover a competitividade da cadeia de valor foram ainda sugeridas medidas de apoio ao nível dos segmentos de produção, transformação e comercialização; The Palm oil value chain in São Tome and Principe: analysis according to traditional and industrial production Systems Abstract: Palm oil, also known as palm oil, palm oil or even palm oil, commonly used for food, industrial and other purposes, is a product extracted from the fruits of the palm, from the humid tropical regions, in which they come together climatic conditions for its planting and exploration, as is the case of São Tomé and Príncipe (STP), constituting its production, both traditional and industrial, a potential source of valorization of resources, creation of wealth and well-being and development of their populations. Currently, the market is supplied by palm oil produced in a traditional way, by the families involved in this practice, in an agro-industrial way, recently taken over by Agripalma, of the Belgian Sofinco group, and through the import of other types of edible oils. Population growth and the decrease in domestic palm oil production at the beginning of the past decade led to a considerable increase in imports of other types of edible oils, with a consequent change in consumption patterns and consumer tastes. Therefore, it was important to study and evaluate the competitiveness of palm oil production in STP and then investigate how to improve the competitiveness of the palm oil industry in the face of competition from imported edible oils. Thus, in a first phase, agribusiness of edible oil was characterized in STP, fundamentally based on secondary data. Then, the second and fundamental phase of the work consisted, based on primary data obtained by inquiry, in the characterization of the palm oil sector in order to identify the main phases and operations carried out by each of the agents participating in the chain and their costs, as well as the prices that are formed in each of the phases and, therefore, the margins that are obtained in the marketing channels of the traditional and agro-industrial systems. In a third phase, the price of palm oil was compared with the price of imported edible oils, since in terms of consumption they are almost perfect substitute goods. In the fourth and last phase, the analysis, discussion and presentation of proposals and recommendations for public policies were carried out, which can contribute to the dynamism and development of the value chain in STP. The traditional palm oil production chain in STP consists of producers of pine cones, pine cone converters into palm oil and retailers who add value in the production, processing and marketing phases, respectively. The values obtained for the remuneration of own factors, the family income or income of producers, processors and retailers are positive, indicating a retribution for family work slightly below up to values above the market value, that is, its cost opportunity, depending on the phases of the chain in which they intervene in the long, intermediate and short channels. Thus, the traditional system, in addition to guaranteeing production for self-consumption, constitutes a relevant recipe for the formation of the income of families engaged in the production, processing and retailing of palm oil. In the agro-industrial system, a slightly negative net result was found for the short or export channel in the first half of the Agripalma company's operation, because real production was below expectations, and a positive and relatively high margin in the intermediate or domestic channel. Therefore, at the expected levels of agro-industrial production, there will be an economic advantage for both channels of this system. It was also concluded that the costs and price of traditionally produced palm oil are higher than that of agro-industrial palm oil and imported edible oils. Low production levels, quality potential, organoleptic characteristics and typicality seem to guarantee the price premium of traditionally produced palm oil. As for agro-industrial palm oil, its export cost, even considering the high costs of technical assistance and industrial property and the market context of the first half of this year, is competitive at international prices, and its domestic price is more lower than the price of imported oils, so it is competitive in the domestic market. Thus, both systems in the palm oil value chain can be a factor in valuing natural resources, namely land and palm plantations, the raw materials produced by them, the pine cone, and the work of producers, transformers and sellers involved in the locally produced palm oil value chain. To promote the competitiveness of the value chain, support measures were also suggested at the level of the production, transformation and marketing phases.

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38

Judd, Jason D. "Modeling and Analysis of a Feedstock Logistics Problem". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26810.

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Recently, there has been a surge in the research and application of â Green energyâ in the United States. This has been driven by the following three objectives: (1) to reduce the nationâ s reliance on foreign oil, (2) to mitigate emission of greenhouse gas, and (3) to create an economic stimulus within the United States. Switchgrass is the biomass of choice for the Southeastern United States. In this dissertation, we address a feedstock logistics problem associated with the delivery of switchgrass for conversion into biofuel. In order to satisfy the continual demand of biomass at a bioenergy plant, production fields within a 48-km radius of its location are assumed to be attracted into production. The bioenergy plant is expected to receive as many as 50-400 loads of biomass per day. As a result, an industrialized transportation system must be introduced as early as possible in order to remove bottlenecks and reduce the total system cost. Additionally, we assume locating multiple bioenergy plants within a given region for the production of biofuel. We develop mixed integer programming formulations for the feedstock logistics problem that we address and for some related problems, and we solve them either through the use of decomposition-based methods or directly through the use of CPLEX 12.1.0. The feedstock logistics problem that we address spans the entire system-from the growing of switchgrass to the transporting of bio-crude oil, a high energy density intermediate product, to a refinery for conversion into a final product. To facilitate understanding, we present the reader with a case study that includes a preliminary cost analysis of a real-life-based instance in order to provide the reader appropriate insights of the logistics system before applying optimization techniques for its solution. First, we consider the benefits of active versus passive ownership of the production fields. This is followed by a discussion on the selection of baler type, and then, a discussion of contracts between various business entities. The advantages of storing biomass at a satellite storage location (SSL) and interactions between the operations performed at the production field with those performed at the storage locations are then established. We also provide a detailed description of the operations performed at a SSL. Three potential equipment options are presented for transporting biomass from the SSLs to a utilization point, defined in this study as a Bio-crude Plant (BcP). The details of the entire logistics chain are presented in order to highlight the need for making decisions in view of the entire chain rather than basing them on its segments. We model the feedstock logistics problem as a combination of a 2-level facility location-allocation problem and a multiple traveling salesmen problem (mATSP). The 2-level facility location-allocation problem pertains to the allocation of production fields to SSLs and SSLs to one of the multiple bioenergy plants. The mATSP arises because of the need for scheduling unloading operations at the SSLs. To this end, we provide a detailed study of 13 formulations of the mATSP and their reformulations as ATSPs. First, we assume that the SSLs are always full, regardless of when they are scheduled to be unloaded. We, then, relax this assumption by providing precedence constraints on the availability of the SSLs. This precedence is defined in two different ways and, is then, effectively modeled utilizing all the formulations for the mATSP and ATSP. Given the location of a BcP for the conversion of biomass to bio-crude oil, we develop a feedstock logistics system that relies on the use of SSLs for temporary storage and loading of round bales. Three equipment systems are considered for handling biomass at the SSLs, and they are either placed permanently or are mobile, and thereby, travel from one SSL to another. We use a mathematical programming-based approach to determine SSLs and equipment routes in order to minimize the total cost incurred. The mathematical program is applied to a real-life production region in South-central Virginia (Gretna, VA), and it clearly reveals the benefits of using SSLs as a part of the logistics system. Finally, we provide a sensitivity analysis on the input parameters that we used. This analysis highlights the key cost factors in the model, and it emphasizes areas where biggest gains can be achieved for further cost reduction. For a more general scenario, where multiple BcPs have to be located, we use a nested Bendersâ decomposition-based method. First, we prove the validity of using this method. We, then, employ this method for the solution of a potential real-life instance. Moreover, we successfully solve problems that are more than an order of magnitude larger than those solved directly by CPLEX 12.1.0. Finally, we develop a Bendersâ decomposition-based method for the solution of a problem that gives rise to a binary sub-problem. The difficulty arises because of the sub-problem being an integer program for which the dual solution is not readily available. Our approach consists of first solving the integer sub-problem, and then, generating the convex hull at the optimal integer point. We illustrate this approach for an instance for which such a convex hull is readily available, but otherwise, it is too expensive to generate for the entire problem. This special instance is the solution of the mATSP (using Bendersâ decomposition) for which each of the sub-problems is an ATSP. The convex hull for the ATSP is given by the Dantzig, Fulkerson, and Johnson constraints. These constraints at a given integer solution point are only polynomial in number. With the inclusion of these constraints, a linear programming solution and its corresponding dual solution can now be obtained at the optimal integer points. We have proven the validity of using this method. However, the success of our algorithm is limited because of a large number of integer problems that must be solved at every iteration. While the algorithm is theoretically promising, the advantages of the decomposition do not seem to outweigh the additional cost resulting from solving a larger number of decomposed problems.
Ph. D.

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39

Boa, Vista Hamilton Aparecido. "Qualificação socioambiental de fornecedores: um estudo no setor de petróleo e gás". Universidade Nove de Julho, 2015. https://bibliotecatede.uninove.br/handle/tede/1156.

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Oil is essential in the current social and economic situation of the globalized world resulting in a growing demand for its exploration and production. In Brazil the oil and gas operators have applied substantial resources in research and development of technologies to enable extraction and production in ever deeper waters. For this progress is sustainable becomes important to effective management of environmental issues related to the chain of supplies of oil and gas formation. The study addresses the social and environmental performance in the perception of the companies that operate or wish to integrate the chain of oil and gas supplies in relation to the qualification process practiced by the sector's operators. For this purpose, a bibliographical research on the social and environmental factors that influence the process of qualification and performance of businesses was conducted. It was also developed a survey tool validated by experts in order to verify the characteristics of the environmental profile of suppliers and the influence on their performance. The sample was defined so as to limit the scope of the search, considering companies do Grande ABC, this region near the Santos Basin-SP which has an installed industrial park and skilled labor. The findings regarding the sampling plan have been tested according to technical nonparametric statistics and cross tabulation. As a result it was shown that the qualification process adopted by operators does not affect the environmental performance of companies, however a positive influence of the normative standards of national and international certification in proactivity of companies to improve their environmental performance was found. The exploratory feature of the research and the research instrument validated by experts can contribute to new research on the topic. The results of the practices found and indicators can provide reference managers for decision-making on environmental issues involving your business.
O petróleo é essencial na atual conjuntura social e econômica do mundo globalizado resultando numa crescente demanda pela sua exploração e produção. No Brasil as operadoras de petróleo e gás têm aplicado recursos substanciais em pesquisa e desenvolvimento de tecnologias para viabilizar sua extração e produção em águas cada vez mais profundas. Para que este avanço seja sustentável, se torna importante a gestão eficaz das questões socioambientais relacionadas à cadeia de suprimentos de petróleo e gás em formação. O estudo aborda o desempenho socioambiental na percepção das empresas que integram ou desejam integrar a cadeia de suprimentos de petróleo e gás com relação ao processo de qualificação praticado pelas operadoras do setor. Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica exploratória sobre os fatores socioambientais que influenciam no processo de qualificação e desempenho das empresas. Posteriormente, desenvolvido um instrumento de pesquisa validado por especialistas, objetivando verificar as características do perfil socioambiental dos fornecedores e a influência no seu desempenho. A amostra foi delimitada visando restringir o âmbito da pesquisa, considerando as empresas do Grande ABC, região próxima a Bacia de Santos-SP que conta com um parque industrial instalado e mão de obra qualificada. Os achados referentes ao plano amostral foram submetidos a testes segundo técnicas estatísticas não paramétricas e tabulação cruzada. Como resultado foi evidenciado que o processo de qualificação adotado pelas operadoras não afeta o desempenho socioambiental das empresas, no entanto foi constatada uma influência positiva dos padrões normativos de certificação nacionais e internacionais na proatividade das empresas para a melhoria do seu desempenho socioambiental. A característica exploratória da pesquisa e o instrumento de pesquisa validado por especialistas pode contribuir para a realização de novas pesquisas sobre o tema. Os resultados das práticas e indicadores encontrados podem fornecer aos gestores, referencial para a tomada de decisões sobre as questões socioambientais que envolvam seu negócio.

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40

Balla, Bruno Rodrigues. "Utilização de operadores integradores na cadeia de suprimentos e logística da indústria de petróleo e gás no Brasil: uma proposta de valor dos operadores para os gestores da indústria". reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/17759.

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The main objective of this study was to investigate which value attributes a fourth party logistics (4PL) operator must offer to potential oil & gas clients, in order to properly serve the managing worries and orders commonly present in such industry operational routine. With this intent and based on the theoretical framework, a value proposal was elaborated for these operators, allowing us to verify its consistency within the referred market. The proposal was both based on the market’s supply and logistics chain differentiation principles, such as flow integration or operational and management capacities development, as on the main characteristics of the 4PL operator, related to their capacity to bring knowledge and experience to the operation, to provide operational flow through technology and to manage their clients’ network operations. 6 (six) semi structured interviews were applied to operations’ managers of major companies operating in this sector in Brazil. The interviews outcomes are not entirely opposed to the use of an operator like these within the industry’s companies. It has called attention, however, to topics with which these operators should be worried about, such as: a possible cost increase, the level of service required by the business, the operational issues attached to the uncertainty over demand & operational risks, the strict trust usually attributed to suppliers and the maturity of the market itself, whether concerning contractors or available suppliers.
Este estudo teve como objetivo central investigar quais atributos de valor um operador integrador, chamado de 4PL, deve ofertar a possíveis clientes provenientes da indústria de petróleo e gás, de forma que seu serviço seja adequado aos principais anseios e demandas gerenciais presentes na rotina operacional desta indústria. Para tanto, com base no referencial bibliográfico, uma proposta de valor para estes operadores foi elaborada, possibilitando a averiguação desta sobre sua adequação ao mercado em questão. A proposta de valor baseou-se nos princípios de diferenciação referentes à cadeia logística e de suprimentos deste mercado, como a integração de fluxos e o desenvolvimento de capacidades operacionais e de gestão, e nas principais características dos operadores integradores, relacionadas à sua capacidade de aportar conhecimento e experiência à operação, de prover fluidez operacional através de tecnologia e de gerir a rede operacional de relacionamento de seus clientes. Foram realizadas 6 (seis) entrevistas semiestruturadas com gestores operacionais das principais empresas atuantes deste setor no Brasil. O resultado da análise sobre as entrevistas não refutou totalmente a utilização deste operador por parte das empresas desta indústria, no entanto chamou atenção para itens com os quais este tipo de operador deveria preocupar-se, como: a possibilidade de acréscimo de custos, o nível de atendimento exigido pelas empresas, os problemas operacionais relacionados à incerteza sobre a demanda e aos riscos operacionais, a confiança restrita geralmente atribuída aos fornecedores e a maturidade do mercado em geral, seja por parte das empresas contratantes ou dos fornecedores disponíveis.

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Hinkes, Cordula Verena Maria. "Sustainability certification for deforestation-free supply chains: the cases of palm oil and soy". Thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/21.11130/00-1735-0000-0005-15AD-1.

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Au, Kar Sheng. "Demand and supply of palm oil". 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/17022.

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43

Wei-Chueh, Hsu y 許微雀. "The Supply Chain Analysis of Edible Oil Industry in Taiwan". Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/92332734581861717656.

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碩士
大葉大學
事業經營研究所碩士在職專班
96
Taiwan’s edible oil industry is an everyday life industry with a long history and also a mature and (only needed in the domestic) traditional industry. Since the government joins WTO, the Government opens the direct import of edible oil that made a great impact to the manufacturers of the edible oil. Also with the constantly increasing price of petroleum, the devaluation of US dollars and the increasing price of international large goods, the enterprises should face the pressure of the increasing price of raw materials and the decrease of produc-tion and mutual competition among the same walk of life. Therefore, it leads to great threat to the benefits of the industry. So the change of international crops will directly affect the domestic food price. Thus, under the pressure of the increasing price of international raw materials, it causes great im-pact on the edible oil manufacturers. Surrounding the increasingly competitive environment, how does the edible oil industry in our nation face the harsh challenge and strike the balance to earn the room of benefits by analyzing the competitive advantages of supply chain. The purpose of the research: by using the analysis of front and middle the last supply chain of edible oil industry and the analysis of key factors to the influence of the whole competition advantages and the analysis of exploring the competition of the supply chain of edible oil industry so as to deduce the competitive policy of enterprises and to ensure the long ability of earn the benefits.

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44

WU, CHIEN-HUI y 吳建輝. "Green supply chain management of waste oil recyclers and processors of reverse logistics". Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/22308539198700444846.

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碩士
聖約翰科技大學
工業工程與管理系碩士在職專班
98
Advances in technology to accelerate the exploitation of natural resources and the destruction of the natural environment, with the spur economic growth, behind the right environmental damage, resource depletion become apparent only gradually, the survival of humans sustainable development and economic activities are antagonistic to take in the natural environment esources),Therefore, the price of natural resources, not broken up, with the rise of environmental consciousness, the product environmental protection requirements, the result temporary global business side recycling and management of Research and Analysis are available, such as green supply chain, reverse logistics and green supply chain management under the study and treatment of waste oil recycling business operations，Supply Chain Management Reverse logistics、Resource Recovery Such as environmental protection and resources to effectively re-use and profit purposes; of the original supply chain system has changed and how the environment and environmental issues into the entire supply chain process, and re-define as "green supply chain" in many countries to develop "products, Resource recovery "laws further. Manufacturers have been given when the customer reaches after use or product life cycle of the product recovery responsibilities. And membership by the reverse logistics logistics will be the decision of product design, production, and distribution key. New manufacturing consumer products and manufactured goods recycling acceptance , and anufacturers engaged in production of green can achieve the economic performance and corporate social responsibility (Corporate Social esponsibility) Taiwan's dependence on foreign oil all imported crude oil, If from the waste lubricant can effectively recover and re-manufacture and use of available energy sources may also eliminate less crude oil imports, less crude and training system, eliminate the cost and environmental load, to eliminate carbon. In this study the selection of waste oil recycling industry-based research study. Ji relevant literature and a questionnaire survey method to do quantitative analysis, and the other expert interviews conducted qualitative research into the other subjects in northern Taiwan region (Taipei, Tao Zhumiao, Ilan) Notice by EPA qualified, of which by the grant and the did not benefit the industry and the recycling of waste oil treatment plant in the road questionnaires and interviews with major buying Pitch steam, locomotive maintenance of plant (general), own-brand maintenance of plants and factories in industrial areas the survey asked. In this paper recycling industry and processing industry is facing a lube oil Reverse Logistics and Green Supply Chain Operations of views for the various sectors of an advanced reference.

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45

Abureden, Salah. "Techno-Economic Study of Renewable Energy Integration in the Upstream Oil Supply Chain (USOSC)". Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/8151.

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The production of oil requires tremendous amounts of energy consumption through a distributed combustion network of processes along the oil supply chain spectrum. The consequences of fossil-based fuel combustion processes are the generation of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions and hazardous wastewater, which have adverse environmental effects. Potential mitigation options of GHG emissions are the application of renewable and alternative energy sources. This research deals with integrating the upstream oil supply chain with renewable power generation systems in order to assess the impact of energy demand, and CO2 emissions on the efficiency of oil operations and environment . The main focus in this thesis is to evaluate the solar energy alternative for producing part of the energy requirements in the upstream oil supply chain. The output from the research will provide an optimal mix of energy generation in the upstream oil industry in order to comply with CO2 constraints, while sustaining target production plans. An analysis of GHG emission sources and their associated flow rates in the upstream oil supply chain mainly CO2 is discussed in this study. An investigation of replacement of energy supply for some non-critical operations from fossil fuels or other conventional sources to green renewable energy sources mainly from solar energy is also carried out with special focus on enhanced oil recovery operations. An analysis of different types of solar energy and identification of the best type of solar energy technologies that best matches the oil and gas industry is investigated in this study. The thesis will also identify the challenges for solar energy integration including irradiation levels and weather conditions in addition to policy regulations

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46

Tati, Carmen Suely da Silva Amaro. "Service company's adaptation of supply chain to cope with volatile oil and gas market". Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/21903.

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The oil and gas market has great significance across the globe, but the unpredictability in this industry is a huge challenge that affects all the supply chains in this market. These conditions contribute to a competitive and diverse market where service firms struggle to keep productivity in order to lower costs and boost operating performance. This paper gathers data on the oilfield service industry and explore existing literature on service supply chain agility to discover empirically the application of strategies that can be implemented within the sector. The major difficulties and risks faced during an oil crisis were identified through analyses on the performance of the leading global service provider (Schlumberger). Global mobility and supplier related challenges were found to be the main factors that harm the company's capacity to deal with market fluctuations. And the constructive tactics developed to achieve a strategic edge over competition have been used as the foundation of this study. Through executives’ interview, internal documentation research and relevant literature review it was discovered that agility in Schlumberger was attained by establishing supply chain visibility and the development of flexible policies and processes. By leveraging internal capabilities and digital solutions to enhance the procurement activities and overcome the looming risks it´s possible to successfully operate in complex market. A recommendation framework was presented as supply chain managers’ benchmarking scheme. This framework highlighted approaches that can be taken in terms of suppliers, internal capabilities and customers as a way to contribute to greater supply chain agility.

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47

Aroge, Olatunde O., Nejat Rahmanian, J. Eduardo Munive-Hernandez y Reza Abdi. "Decision-making model for supply chain risk management in the petroleum industry". 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/17959.

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Yes
The purpose of this paper is to develop a decision-making model for supporting the management of risks in supply chain. This proposed model is applied to the case of the oil industry in Nigeria. A Partial Least Square Structural Equation Model (PLS-SEM) is developed to measure the significance of the influence of risk management strategy on mitigating disruption risks and their correlations with the performance of activities in the supply chain and relevance of key performance measures in the organisation. The model considered seven aspects: behavioural-based management strategy, buffer based oriented management strategy, exploration and production risks, environmental and regulatory compliance risks, geopolitical risks, supply chain performance, and organisational performance measures. A survey questionnaire was applied to collect data to populate the model, with 187 participants from the oil industry. Based on the PLS-SEM methodology, an optimised risk management decision-making method was developed and accomplished. The results show that behavioural-based mechanism predicts the capacity of the organisation to manage risks successfully in its supply chain. The approach proposed provides a new and practical methodology to manage disruption risks in supply chains. Further, the behavioural-based mechanism can help to formulate risk management strategies in the oil industry.
The full-text of this article will be released for public view at the end of the publisher embargo, 12 months from first publication date.

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48

Panth, Nisha. "Differential effects of saturated fatty acids of varying chain length on lipid profiles in healthy individuals". Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/1406167.

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Masters Research - Master of Philosophy (MPhil)
Saturated fatty acid (SFA) intake has been linked with increased blood lipid concentrations and increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Current dietary guidelines consider all SFA as a single group and encourage to reduce saturated fat consumption to 10% of daily energy intake. However, not only the number, position and configuration of double bonds, but also the chain length of SFA have been shown to be a major determinant of their metabolic fate. Short-chain (SCFA, 2-4 carbons long, found in butter and products of fibre and resistant starch fermentation) and medium-chain (MCFAS, 6-12 carbons long, found in coconut and palm kernel oil) are absorbed directly through the villi of the intestinal mucosa and transported to the liver via the portal circulation. In contrast, long-chain (LCSFAS, >12 carbons, found in animal fats and dairy products) follow complex metabolic pathways including chylomicron synthesis in the intestinal villi, secretion into the thoracic lymph, hydrolysis of some triglycerides by lipoprotein lipase into free fatty acids which are transferred to the peripheral tissues (including muscle) followed by chylomicron remnants being taken up into the liver for further metabolism. This, together with the fact that humans spend most of their time in the postprandial state, suggests that saturated fat type may play an important role in overall lipid metabolism and modulation of CVD risk. Therefore, it was hypothesised that consumption of SCFA and MCFAS reduce blood lipid levels compared with LCSFAS. Our first aim, addressed in chapter 3, was to to establish the basis for our hypothesis, conducting systematic review and meta analysis of the literature assessing the differential effects of chain lengths of SFA on blood lipids. The findings from this chapter demonstrate that the consumption of MCFAS enriched diets increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and apolipoprotein A-I (apo A-I) levels compared to LCSFAS diet without any significant effect on triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and total cholesterol (TC) levels. In chapter 4, we aimed to determine if SFA of different chain lengths would differentially influence postprandial lipid levels. In a randomised cross-over design, we investigated the effect of a meal (sweet biscuits) rich in either SCFA or MCFAS or LCSFAS on postprandial lipids (TG, TC, LDL-C, and HDL-C). The results presented in this chapter demonstrate that the postprandial triglyceride response following MCFAS was lower compared to LCSFAS and that predominant fatty acid in the meal is a determinant of the lipemic response. In conclusion, while this study has highlighted the differential effects of chain lengths of SFA on blood lipids. These results draw attention to the evidence that guidelines on SFA must consider the fatty acid chain length and importantly, the diverse SFA containing foods (processed and unprocessed meats, dairy products, eggs, coconut and palm oils, chocolate) that may possess harmful, neutral or even beneficial effects in relation to cardiovascular health.

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49

Bajuca, Vitória Travanca. "O contributo logístico para a cadeia de abastecimento do petróleo e do gás natural: o mercado português". Master's thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/2527.

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O sector energético assume, actualmente, um papel essencial na economia mundial. O consumo de petróleo (e seus derivados) e de gás natural encontra-se em crescimento. Neste sentido, é fundamental garantir a segurança de abastecimento. Para alcançar este objectivo devem ser tomadas medidas que favoreçam a eficiência energética, o que irá permitir a continuidade da oferta e o equilíbrio face à procura. A gestão logística e a gestão da cadeia de abastecimento são áreas em expansão reconhecidas como um dos principais ‘meios’ utilizados para determinar e melhorar o desempenho (performance) da actividade empresarial. Consequentemente, e tendo como ponto de partida a elevada dependência energética de Portugal, a gestão da cadeia de abastecimento de produtos como o gás natural e o petróleo assume especial importância para as contas nacionais. A presente investigação procura identificar o impacto da logística na cadeia de abastecimento destas ‘utilities’, compreendendo qual a importância de cada actividade com carácter logístico para o Produto Interno Bruto (PIB) português.
Nowadays, energy is a key issue in world economy. Oil consumption is growing quickly, as oil products and natural gas. Thus, it is essential to guarantee the supplying security. To achieve this goal we need to take some actions to improve energy efficiency. This will allow the continuity of supply and to keep the demand in a level that is economic and environmentally safe. Logistics management and supply chain management are growing areas recognized as one of the main 'means' used to determine and improve business performance. Therefore, and having Portugal’s energy high dependence as a starting point, oil and natural gas supply chain management has a central importance (and interest) to national accounts. This research seeks to identify the impact of logistics in the supply chain for both these utilities, and calculate the weight of each logistic activity to the Portuguese Gross Domestic Product (GDP).

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50

Mendes, Ana Raquel Barros da Silva. "Galp Energia: uma aproximação estratégica e logística". Master's thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/4623.

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Num mercado fortemente globalizado e competitivo, impõe-se cada vez mais às empresas que tenham uma grande capacidade de reacção e adaptação às mudanças que ocorrem no meio envolvente. O seu sucesso ou insucesso passa, em grande parte, pela maneira em como elas gerem os seus recursos internos e resistem às mudanças que operam a nível económico, político e social. As mudanças que ocorrem na economia forçam as empresas a adaptar-se ao ambiente que as rodeia, e a desenvolver estratégias mais competitivas em relação aos concorrentes. O sector petrolífero tem vindo a assumir um papel cada vez mais relevante na economia mundial. Actualmente, estamos dependentes de muitos tipos de combustíveis – entre eles o petróleo e o gás natural – para executarmos a nossa rotina diária. O seu consumo encontra-se em crescimento e nesse sentido, é necessário assegurar a sua distribuição a toda a população. Portugal é um país com uma elevada dependência energética, e embora o sector se encontre numa fase de maturidade é imprescindível optimizar os processos existentes, e definir estratégias precisas e coerentes com a conjuntura internacional. Em Portugal, este sector para além de estar sujeito às oscilações a nível mundial dos preços das matérias-primas também está dependente da forte regulamentação feita pelo Estado. O presente trabalho é um caso de estudo sobre a estratégia da Galp Energia, a distribuição de combustíveis e todos os aspectos logísticos que lhe estão associados. Esta análise permite sistematizar a sua cadeia de abastecimento e, no fundo, entender o impacto que o sector petrolífero tem na economia nacional.
In a highly globalized and competitive market, companies must have a greater capacity to react and adapt to changes in surrounding environment. Their success or failure is in large scale, by the way how they manage their internal resources and resist changes that operate in the economic, political and social level. The changes that occur in the economy, force companies to adapt to their surrounding environment and to develop more competitive strategies in relation to competitors. The oil sector has been assuming an increasingly important role in the global economy. Nowadays, we are dependent on many types of fuels - including oil and natural gas - to meet our daily basis routine. Its use is growing and in that sense, it is necessary to assure its distribution to the entire population. Portugal is a country with high energy dependence, even though the sector is in a maturity stage, it is essential to optimize existing processes, and define accurate and coherent strategies with the international conjecture. In Portugal, this sector besides being subject to fluctuations in global prices of raw materials it is also dependent on tight regulation by the state. This paper is a case study of Galp Energia's strategy on fuel distribution and all the logistical aspects associated with it. This analysis allows systematizing their supply chain and, ultimately, understanding the impact that the oil sector has in the national economy.

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