Tesis: "Pain and suffering"

1

Rodness, Roshaya. "Embodying suffering: the autobiographical pain narrative". Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=104760.

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This study offers an analysis of the representation of chronic and episodic pain in narrative life-writing. I have surveyed six contemporary memoirs that are each concerned with the author's chronic pain experience. In the field of pain studies – both in the humanities and medical sciences – the adequacy of language to represent pain is a vexed issue. Many assert that pain is difficult to represent in language because, in part, we fail to experience it as a meaningful event. Narrative is the most common mode of communication with which we express events that happened in the past; it thus offers writers ways to represent their pain in the same respect, with the same effects, as other less problematic past happenings. In pain studies there is rarely a distinction made between the varying representability of acute pain (temporary) and chronic or episodic pain (long term), when in fact each form affects a life in radically different ways. Chronic or episodic pain implies a temporal element and will become a fixture in an individual's long-term experiences. As a mode that encodes change over time in space, narrative is ideal for the representation of both chronic and episodic pain. In this study I have isolated three types of autobiographical pain narratives that exhibit different ways chronic pain is represented. Chapter one describes the "triangulation of pain," in which narrators talk about their own pain obliquely by referring to the pain of others. Chapter two looks at the "translation of pain," in which narrators try to describe their pain as directly as possible. Chapter three observes the journey or quest pattern found in pain narratives that tend to focus on the pursuit of cures. Although pain can be difficult to articulate, there are a diversity of narrative methods that give it self-determined meaning that works to supersede the limitations we face when trying to come to terms with such an inexorable and interior phenomenon.
Cette étude présente une analyse de la représentation de la douleur chronique et épisodique dans les récits de vie en mode narratif. J'ai compulsé six ouvrages contemporains de mémoires, chacun s'intéressant à l'expérience de douleur chronique de l'auteur. Dans le domaine de l'étude de la douleur – en sciences humaines et médicales –, la capacité de la langue à représenter la douleur est un enjeu controversé. Plusieurs affirment que la douleur est difficile à transmettre par le langage parce que, d'une part, nous échouons à en faire l'expérience en tant qu'événement significatif. La narration est le mode de communication le plus courant par lequel nous exprimons des événements qui se sont produits dans le passé; elle offre par conséquent aux écrivains des moyens de représenter leur douleur de la même manière et avec les mêmes effets que lorsqu'ils relatent des événements passés moins problématiques. Les études sur la douleur font rarement une distinction entre la représentabilité variable de la douleur aiguë (temporaire) et celle de la douleur chronique et épisodique (à long terme), alors que, dans les faits, chaque forme influence la vie de manières radicalement différentes. La douleur chronique ou épisodique est accompagnée d'un élément temporel et deviendra un repère parmi les expériences à long terme d'une personne. En tant que mode qui marque l'évolution dans le temps et l'espace, la narration est idéale pour représenter la douleur chronique et épisodique. Pour réaliser cette étude, j'ai isolé trois types de récits narratifs autobiographiques traitant de la douleur, ces récits présentant différentes façons utilisées pour exprimer la douleur. Le Chapitre I décrit la « triangulation de la douleur » grâce à laquelle les narrateurs parlent indirectement de leur propre douleur en faisant référence à celle de tiers. Le Chapitre II examine la « traduction de la douleur » grâce à laquelle les narrateurs décrivent leur douleur le plus directement possible. Le Chapitre III observe le cheminement ou le modèle de quête découverts dans des récits sur la douleur qui tendent à se concentrer sur la recherche de traitements. Même s'il peut être difficile d'exprimer la douleur, il existe une diversité de méthodes narratives qui lui donnent une signification autodéterminée qui contribue à faire tomber les limites auxquelles nous sommes confrontés quand nous essayons d'assumer un phénomène aussi inexorable et intérieur.

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2

Hopkins, Alexandra Elizabeth. "Suffering needless pain : a Delphi study of pain management for nurse education". Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.394005.

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3

Braband, Barbara J. Hawkins Peggy L. Clark Connie L. Morin Patricia J. "The suffering journey lived experiences of persons who have endured life-impacting suffering events /". Click here for access, 2009. http://www.csm.edu/Academics/Library/Institutional_Repository.

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Thesis (Ed. D)--College of Saint Mary -- Omaha 2009.
A dissertation submitted by Barbara J. Braband to College of Saint Mary in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor in Education with an emphasis on Health Professions Education. This dissertation has been accepted for the faculty of College of Saint Mary by: Peggy L. Hawkins, PhD, RN, B.C., CNE, chair ; Connie L. Clark, PhD, RN, committee member ; Pat Morin, PhD, RN, committee member. Includes bibliographical references.

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4

Gregory, David Michael. "Narratives of suffering in the cancer experience". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186965.

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Suffering is a fundamental experience of the human condition. Whereas the arts and humanities have struggled to make sense of this condition, no concerted effort has taken place in nursing. Suffering is painfully absent within the cancer nursing research literature, a place where suffering should be conspicuous. The purpose of this study was to explore suffering inherent in the cancer experience. The concurrent use of Travelbee's Human-To-Human Relationship Model and narrative theory provided the conceptual underpinning for this prospective ethnography. Narratives of suffering were explored among seven patients diagnosed with cancer (breast, n = 4; brain; malignant melanoma; and ovarian cancer). Five women and two men were interviewed weekly (N = 89 interviews) for a period of up to five months. Participant observation supplemented the interview data. Seven richly textured narratives revealed the suffering endured in the living-of-cancer. The narratives also detailed the informant as person, the cancer trajectory, and explanatory models of cancer causation. A second level analysis of the narratives provided an intra-group comparison of suffering. "Cascade of losses" was the overarching theme. The undermining of personhood, and a loss of faith and trust in the medical system characterized this cascade of losses. Losses were further encountered: the dismissal of symptoms presented to physicians, the failure of treatment as cure, the death of other cancer patients, and the false reassurance that "cancer can be beaten". The remaining themes were "cancer as torture" and "the work of suffering--the beauty of cancer". The findings of this study suggest that nurses may not be capable of alleviating patient suffering. Patients' lives intersect at the suffering experience; their suffering is shaped by the past, present, and future. Nurses may influence these intersections of suffering to some extent, however, it is the individual who ultimately determines the living and outcome (if any) of their suffering. In the lives of the informants, it was the love of spouses and children, faith and trust in God, and satisfaction with life's accomplishments which permitted the endurance of suffering. Competent, comfort-care provided by compassionate nurses is needed by patients who suffer with cancer.

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5

Busby, Cathy J. "Tragedies, transgressions, and transformations : memory, suffering, pain, and recovery culture". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ47695.pdf.

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6

Dial, Howard E. "The role of suffering in the life of the Christian". Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1992. http://www.tren.com.

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7

Reesor, Kenneth Alan. "Medically incongruent back pain presentation : an indication of physical restriction, suffering, and ineffective coping with pain". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27189.

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Chronic low back pain (CLBP) patients who display or report pain that is deemed incongruent and anatomically non-conforming relative to known organic impairment and expected symptomatology have been found to have a poorer outcome to medical treatment and rehabilitation, and to use health care resources excessively. The present investigation sought to contrast CLBP patients who displayed either multiple non-organic physical signs, multiple inappropriate symptoms, and/or anatomically incongruent pain drawings with a control CLBP patient sample in which these criteria were absent. A total of 80 CLBP patients, 40 with 'medically incongruent' pain and 40 'control' pain patients, completed as part of their assessment at a back pain clinic, a psychometric battery, a physical examination, a videotaped sequence of motor movements and positions, and an assessment with an experimental pressure pain induction task. Videotaped pain behavior observations and transcribed reports of cognitions during the pain induction were coded independently of pain group status. Dependent measures and other patient variables were subjected to 2 X 2 (pain group by sex) MANOVAs and appropriate univariate analyses. While there were no interaction effects in these analyses, and only minimal effects for sex, there were a number of significant effects for pain group. No differences emerged between pain groups on demographic, pain history, financial disincentives, or medication consumption, but self report and physical examination measures of physical limitation were higher in the incongruent pain group. The incongruent pain group also received higher scores on measures of pain intensity and depression, received higher global judgment ratings of pain, displayed more ambulatory/postural pain behavior, and reported more dysfunctional cognitions during pain experiences than the control group. When physical impairment/limitation was introduced as a covariate in MANCOVAs on the dependent variables, incongruent pain patients emerged as significantly different from control pain patients on the cognitive variables, but behavioral and self-report differences failed to emerge as significant. A discriminant analysis revealed that sense of control during the experimental task was the most important discriminator between the groups. These results highlight the role of cognition in CLBP patients who present with medically incongruent pain signs and support the idea that physically based interventions may fail with these patients because dysfunctional cognitive mediation of pain may not be altered. These results also suggest that these patients may be better conceptualized as being ineffective and overwhelmed in their attempts to cope with their chronic pain condition.
Arts, Faculty of
Psychology, Department of
Graduate

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8

Biro, David Eric. "The rhetoric of pain : literary and theoretical representations of bodily suffering". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.357322.

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9

Seruyange, Henry. "The psychological impact of pain on adolescents suffering from HIV/AIDS". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11373.

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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 69-74).
The study combined both qualitative and quantitative methods and it involved eight HIV/AIDS adolescents who knew their HIV status. The adolescents were purposively sampled from a total of 87 adolescents who complained of pain during the period of four weeks. Eight subjects out of the 87 adolescents met the selection criteria and were therefore eligible for the study.

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10

Toru, Asakawa. "Kitamori Kazō : theologian of the pain of god". Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=84463.

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This study introduces Kitamori's concept of "the Pain of God" and provides an occasion to dialogue between a pioneering Japanese theologian and theologians interested in the theologia crucis. By "the Pain of God," Kitamori attempted to reorient the Christian account of God to the cross of Jesus Christ. As this expression had in the beginning a personal character but later became theological and critical, this study also follows the same line of development.
Part I explains how the notion of "the Pain of God" was formulated in Kitamori's personal life. His search for the certainty of faith culminated in a mystical encounter with the crucified Christ. Kitamori was convinced that through the crucified Christ God embraced him who, being "outside" of God, was therefore an enemy of God. This contradictory embrace was experienced by Kitamori as "the Pain of God." Part I explores the ways in which Kitamori tried to incorporate this insight into his own itinerary of faith and into his early theological education.
Part II shows how Kitamori elaborated a soteriological model based on the "pain of God" through critical engagement with Reformed thinkers, such as Calvin, Schleiermacher, and Barth. It traces his attempt to give the concept of the pain of God an axiomatical place in the doctrines of creation, justification and sanctification, and to explain the inner relation between the immediate love of the creator, the mediate love of Christ and the victorious love of the Spirit.
Part III turns to Kitamori's engagement with church and culture in Japan. Kitamori was convinced that all nations are invited to take part in the history of deepening and actualizing the message of the Gospel in and through their own culture. Regional contributions and limits must be taken in account according to an adequate criterion. This criterion is, according to Kitamori, the pain of God. His critique of the Non-church movement, and his analysis of leading Japanese novelists, provide two windows into his approach.
Part IV offers some critical evaluation. After examination of both the favorable and unfavorable receptions of Kitamori's theology, it asks to what extent Kitamori was influenced by Buddhism, by Nishida's philosophy and by Hegel. It also places Kitamori's ideas over against some contemporary thinkers on divine impassibility. Then it concludes with a brief recapitulation of his theological contribution.

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11

Schenk, Kathleen Ketring. "Active Suffering: An Examination of Spinoza's Approach to Tristita". Scholar Commons, 2017. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6756.

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Humans' capacity to attain knowledge is central to Spinoza's philosophy because, in part, knowing things enables humans to deal properly with their affects. But it is not just any sort of knowledge that humans should attain. There are different types of knowledge, but only two of them–rational and intuitive knowledge–enable humans who attain them to know things clearly. Because rational knowledge attends to universals whereas intuitive knowledge attends to particulars, intuitive knowledge is better than rational knowledge at enabling humans to deal with their affects. Most scholars recognize both the importance of knowledge to humans' dealing with their affects and the superiority of intuitive knowledge at enabling them to do this. But these points are particularly relevant to the affect that Spinoza calls "tristitia," which is usually translated as either "pain" or "sadness." I argue in this dissertation that attaining knowledge– especially intuitive knowledge–enables humans to deal properly with their experiences of pain. This ability that humans acquire by knowing things is what I call "active suffering." A person suffers passively when she merely reacts to her pain, in this way allowing an external force to control her. She suffers actively when she uses knowledge to respond to her pain, in this way being in control of herself. This knowledge she uses to deal actively with her pain bears a relation to Spinoza's theory of freedom, since it entails a realization that all events (such as a person's experience of pain) happen necessarily and that embracing this necessity is the same as being free.

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12

Kyriakidou, Maria. "Watching the pain of others : audience discourses of distant suffering in Greece". Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2011. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/472/.

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This thesis explores the moral implications of watching suffering on the media. In particular, it addresses the question of how audiences construct their moral agency vis-à-vis the suffering of distant others they witness through television news. Theoretically, the thesis takes as a point of departure the concept of mediation as media practices. Based on an underlying assumption of moral agency as discursively constructed and articulated, I have drawn an analytical framework which employs the discursive practices of media witnessing and media remembering to explore the ways audiences talk about distant suffering and position themselves in relation to it. The thesis is empirically grounded in the context of Greece and based on focus group discussions with members of the Greek audience. The empirical analysis indicates that viewers engage with distant suffering in a multiplicity of ways that are not exhausted in feelings of empathy or compassion and their diametric opposites of apathy and compassion fatigue. These forms of engagement are filtered through both the nature and extent of media reports of suffering, and discourses about power and politics entrenched within the national culture. In this context, the analysis demonstrates that viewers position themselves as witnesses vis-à-vis news reports of distant suffering in four different modes, which are described as “affective”, “ecstatic”, “politicised” and “detached” witnessing. The exploration of the practice of media remembering illustrates the construction of a moral hierarchy in the way viewers remember distant suffering, where some events are constructed as banal and others become landmarks in audience memory. Finally, the viewers’ positioning as public actors with regard to media stories of human pain is shown to be, on the one hand, conditional upon the media staging of humanitarian appeals, and, on the other hand, embedded within and limited by frameworks of understanding civic participation in public life. The thesis contributes to a growing body of literature on the mediation of distant suffering. It especially addresses the largely neglected empirical question of audience engagement with media stories of human pain, offering both empirical evidence and an analytical framework for the study of this engagement.

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13

Navin, Laurie A. "The Relationship of Pain Catastrophizing to Perception of Partner Response to Pain Behaviors and Relationship Satisfaction Among Injured Workers Suffering From Chronic Pain". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1307323044.

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14

Thorsell, Cederberg Jenny. "Acceptance for persons suffering from pain : Evaluation of acceptance-based interventions for adults with chronic pain and children with cancer experiencing acute pain". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-322401.

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It is increasingly clear that pain and emotions are closely interconnected. Pain does not only cause psychological distress, but psychological distress also amplifies pain through neurological mechanisms. Treatment of both chronic and acute pain would benefit from acknowledging the psychological mechanisms of pain neurophysiology. Psychological acceptance predicts increased pain tolerance and decreased pain intensity and discomfort in experimentally induced pain and improved physical and psychosocial functioning for persons with chronic pain. The overall aim of this thesis was to evaluate acceptance-based interventions for persons suffering from pain. In Study I the effect of a manualised ACT-based self-help intervention for adults with chronic pain was evaluated in an RCT (n=90). The results showed improvements in satisfaction with life, physical functioning and pain intensity for the ACT group. Both the ACT and the control group improved regarding depression and anxiety. In Study II the mediating effect of acceptance for treatment change was evaluated, using data from Study I (n=64). The results showed indirect effects of treatment via acceptance for physical functioning but not for satisfaction with life. In Studies III and IV, instruments to measure psychological flexibility in relation to pain were developed for children with cancer, and their parents respectively, using factor analysis. The results showed that a two-factor solution for the child scale (n=61) and a three-factor solution for the parent scale (n=243), best represented the data. In Study V, an acceptance-based intervention was preliminarily evaluated in a single-subject study (n=5) for children reporting pain during cancer treatment. The intervention consisted of an approximately 15-minute long pain exposure exercise. All participants reported reduced discomfort of pain, and three of the participants reported reduced pain intensity. The results suggest that a manualised ACT-based self-help intervention is a valuable addition to the treatment repertoire for persons with chronic pain and that acceptance may mediate the effect of treatment on physical functioning. Furthermore, instruments to measure acceptance in the context of acute pain in children with cancer are now available, although further validation is needed. Lastly, the results indicate that an acceptance-based intervention may help children undergoing cancer treatment to cope with pain.

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15

Darghouth, Sarah. "Painful languages of the body : experiences of headache, pain and suffering in Peru". Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=78346.

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This study investigates understandings and experiences of headache in two regions of Peru: a semi-rural Quechua-speaking district of the Southern Peruvian highlands and a poor urban district of Lima. In particular, it explores the personal and collective meanings constructed around women's headache experiences. Both structured and open-ended interviews were administered to patients suffering headache to elicit interpretations of headache episodes. An analysis of the collected narratives suggests that headache is often comprehended in a polysemic framework, where shifting meanings ascribed in bodily, emotional, family and social terms articulate both individual and shared notions of suffering: loss of loved ones, inter-personal conflict, and tension associated to women's roles as homemakers are among the central themes evoked, and span through past, present and future domains. In particular, strains in family relationships, in dynamic interaction with larger contexts of social violence, play a prominent role in the configuration of headache, often experienced in conditions of solitude and isolation. Overall, this study underscores the significance of patients' subjective interpretations of painful experiences and emphasizes the manner through which bodily and emotional pain are inextricably linked to distress experienced at family and social levels.

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16

Taşdelen, Pınar. "Romancing the ordeal : representations of pain and suffering in Middle English metrical romances". Thesis, University of Hull, 2012. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:14343.

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This thesis concentrates on the representations of pain and suffering in forty-five Middle English metrical romances. This excludes certain Arthurian and non-anonymous material. It comprises an introduction, five chapters, and an index of themes related to suffering, categorizing the suffering theme in metrical romances. The introduction deals with the definitions, authorship, audience, classification, manuscript contexts and indexes of metrical romances, so as to contextualize the current work. The first chapter categorizes the villains and focuses on the reasons for villainy and the nature of domestic and stranger villains, who are inherently evil, have reasons to be villainous, or who act as a catalyst to initiate villainy, distinguishing them from good villains who victimize unintentionally. It also examines how villainies are punished. The second and the third chapters concentrate on female and male victims respectively, and explore the nature and reactions of victims, how victims respond to their ordeals (either in a submissive or resistant fashion) and the representations of self-victimizers. The functions of domestic and stranger relievers of suffering are also considered. The fourth chapter discusses how Middle English metrical romances make use of journeys in the form of enforced exile, self-exile, quest and pilgrimage. The fifth chapter examines how divine interferences and supernatural agents function in the representations of pain and suffering, while paying attention to the significance of dreams in relation to suffering, and the representations of ordeals in the fairy world. The index categorizes the conventional romance characters and circumstances with particular relation to the representations of suffering. It is also intended to serve as a research tool for scholars studying ordeals in Middle English romances, or romances in general.

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17

Hislop, Beverly White. "Women in pain the need to train leaders in effective pastoral care /". Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN) Access this title online, 2005. http://www.tren.com.

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18

Stiller, Catherine Jeanne Ann. "Coping with suffering, how individuals find meaning in life while experiencing pain, disease and disability". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ64750.pdf.

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19

Travis, Isabelle. "The poetry of pain : trauma, madness and suffering in post-World War II American poetry". Thesis, University of Reading, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.553108.

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20

Barshinger, David. "Pain in C.S. Lewis an evaluation of The problem of pain and A grief observed /". Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2006. http://www.tren.com/search.cfm?p001-1078.

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21

Cho, Young Cheon. "The politics of suffering in the public sphere: the body in pain, empathy, and political spectacles". Diss., University of Iowa, 2009. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/936.

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Can private bodily pain be transformed into a communication medium fit for the public sphere? Can the body in pain be utilized as a means for political participation? If so, how? Under what circumstances? By whom? And to what effect? To begin answering these questions, this dissertation concentrates on extralinguistic confrontational practices such as self-immolation suicide protests that are exercised by those who have been marginalized and excluded from political participation. By focusing on hitherto neglected forms of communication that are visual, spectacular, violent, unruly, and physical, the study expands and complicates the current discussions about the public sphere that are usually yoked to speculation on the boundaries of reason and words. Arguing that the body in pain is a theoretically considerable and practically available mode of public participation, the dissertation examines the rhetorical potency as well as fragility of body rhetoric. Each chapter analyzes different cases of self-immolation, addressing such issues as embodiment in publicity, the gap between private sensation and public discourse, the role of emotion in constituting the public sphere, and the judgments of the audience. The cases offer an opportunity not only to theorize how subaltern people appear out of the darkness of sheltered existence and enter the space of appearance by utilizing their body, but also to rethink the civic art of looking upon suffering. Through the exploration of the place of embodied performance, visual spectacle, and moral stuntsmanship within the larger discussion of democracy, the dissertation endeavors to rehabilitate publicity as a nondialogical political value.

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22

Berntsson, Emmie y Gustafsson Rebecka Darell. "Den osynliga sjukdomen : En litteraturbaserad studie om kvinnors upplevelse av att leva med endometrios". Thesis, Högskolan Väst, Avdelningen för omvårdnad - grundnivå, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-16336.

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Background: Endometriosis is a chronic disease that affects about ten of a hundred fertile women and means a profound change and suffering for them. Endometriosis means that tissue from the endometrium ends up on other tissues and organs where it begins to grow, which leads to inflammation. Aim: The aim of the study is to shed light on women’s experience of living with endometriosis. Method: A literature-based study based on qualitative research to gain a deeper understanding of the phenomenon. Eight articles were analyzed and resulted in two main themes and six sub-themes. Results: The results are presented in two main themes Emotional stress, which describes how women live with pain and anxiety that affect relationships and self-esteem. New challenges, that describe all the challenges women face and how they are met and distrusted by healthcare professionals. Conclusion: Women living with endometriosis need adequate information as well as emotional and instrumental support. These needs can be met when the nurse takes responsibility for nursing and provides person-centered care.
Endometrios är ett smärtsamt sjukdomstillstånd och kan innebära svårt lidande för kvinnor somlever med sin diagnos. En av tio fertila kvinnor lider av endometrios vilket motsvarar ungefär 250 000 kvinnor i Sverige (Socialstyrelsen, 2018). Eftersom sjukdomstillståndet omges av okunskap är kvinnor som lever med endometrios en utsatt grupp. Sjuksköterskan ansvarar för att tillgodose patientens grundläggande omvårdnadsbehov. Hen ansvarar även för att främja och återställa hälsa samt lindra lidande. Därutöver är sjuksköterskan skyldig att utgå från den gemensamma värdegrund som återfinns i International Council of Nurses (ICN) etiska koder i mötet med kvinnor som lever med endometrios. Åtta artiklar med kvalitativ ansats söktes framför att belysa kvinnors upplevelse av att leva med endometrios. Det resulterade i två teman; Emotionella påfrestningar och Nya utmaningar. Temat Emotionella påfrestningar innehåller tre underteman som beskriver kvinnornas upplevelse av att leva med svår smärta. Smärtan bidrog till att de blev sängliggande under flera perioder samt svårigheter att ha ett fungerande sexualliv. De upplevde även rädsla och oro för att förlora både partner och arbete. Det fanns även oro för ekonomi på grund av många sjukskrivningar. Kvinnorna beskrev även att de fick en förändrad självbild på grund av att de inte kunde leva upp till partnerns förväntningar, exempelvis skaffa barn, vilket bidrog till för sämrat självförtroende. Temat Nya utmaningar innehåller tre underteman vilka beskriver kvinnornas upplevelse av att bemötas av misstro i vårdmöten. Det innebar att de ofta blev avfärdade och fick kämpa för att få en diagnos. Kvinnorna upplevde även att det fanns brist på kunskap i mötet med vården och det innebar att de själva fick söka sin kunskap. De beskrev även svårigheten av att inte kunna arbeta och delta i sociala aktiviteter på grund av smärta och sängläge. Resultatet av studien kan bidra till ökad kunskap kring kvinnors upplevelser av att leva med smärta samt deras upplevelse av bemötande i och utanför vården. Det kan även bidra till att sjuksköterskor får möjlighet till handlingsberedskap i mötet med dessa kvinnor. Resultatet skulle kunna vara relevant oavsett vilket i vårdsammanhang kvinnorna befinner sig.

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23

Hashimoto, Akio. "Theology of the pain of God an analysis and evaluation of Kazor Kitamori's (1916- ) work in Japanese Protestantism /". Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN) Access this title online, 1992. http://www.tren.com/search.cfm?p020-0082.

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24

McInnis, Jeff. "Shadows and chivalry : pain, suffering, evil and goodness in the works of George MacDonald and C.S. Lewis". Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2881.

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This thesis argues that George MacDonald's literary influence upon C. S. Lewis-concerning the themes of pain, suffering, evil and goodness-was transforming and long-lasting. It is argued in the opening chapter that MacDonald's work had a great deal to do with the change in young Lewis's imagination, helping to convert him from a romantic doubter to a romantic believer in God and his goodness. A review of both writers' first works suggests that such influence may have begun earlier in Lewis's career than has been noticed. The second chapter examines how both authors contended with the problems that pain and suffering present, and how both understood and presented the nature of faith. Differences in their treatment of these subjects are noted, but it is argued that these views and depictions share fundamental elements, and that MacDonald's direct influence can be demonstrated in particular cases. The view that MacDonald was primarily a champion of feelings is challenged, as is the idea that either man's later writing displays a loss of faith in God and his goodness. The third chapter, in specifically refuting the assertion that MacDonald's view of evil was inclusive in the Jungian or dualistic sense, shows how both authors' work maintains an unmistakable distinction between evil fortune and moral evil. The next two chapters examine fundamental similarities in their treatment of evil and goodness. Special care is taken in these two chapters to trace MacDonald's direct influence, especially regarding the differences they believed existed between hell's Pride and what they believed God to be. The fifth chapter reviews their ideas and depictions of heaven in summing up the study's argument concerning the overall influence of MacDonald's writing upon Lewis's imagination-in particular the change in Lewis's understanding of the relations between Spirits, Nature, and God.

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Arthana, Lina y Jenny Hedlöf. "Att leva med endometrios : En litteraturstudie om kvinnors upplevelse". Thesis, Röda Korsets Högskola, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:rkh:diva-728.

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Bakgrund: Endometrios är en vanligt förekommande gynekologisk sjukdom som ofta förorsakar lidande. Trots det får drabbade kvinnor ofta vänta länge på diagnos, rätt vård och behandling. Sjukdomen har en komplex sjukdomsbild som skiljer sig åt och på olika sätt påverkar kvinnornas liv. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva kvinnors upplevelse av att leva med endometrios utifrån sjukdomslidande, vårdlidande och livslidande. Metod: Allmän litteraturöversikt där tio vetenskapliga artiklar analyserades med Katie Erikssons teorier om sjukdomslidande, vårdlidande och livslidande som bedömningsgrund. Resultat: Endometrios påverkade kvinnornas liv på flera sätt. Kvinnorna led ofta av intensiv smärta samt andra symtom och tecken vilka ofta bagatelliserades av vårdgivare som många gånger ansåg att kvinnornas symtom var inbillade eller av psykosomatisk karaktär. Vidare påverkade sjukdomen kvinnornas relationer och sociala liv då de inte sällan bemöttes med misstro från sin omgivning Slutsats: Vårdgivare behöver mer kunskap om endometrios och dess sjukdomsbild för att förhindra att kvinnornas symtom blir trivialiserade och negligerade. Bemötandet av kvinnorna behöver förbättras och generera i tidigare diagnostisering och behandling. Ett emotionellt stöd från både omgivning och vårdgivare är en viktig faktor för att bekräfta kvinnorna och deras upplevelser av sjukdomen. Klinisk betydelse: Det är av klinisk betydelse att vårdgivare har förståelse för kvinnors upplevelse av att leva med endometrios för att omvårdnaden ska kunna formas ur ett helhetsperspektiv. En ökad förståelse kan leda till ett bättre bemötande och kan således resultera i att kvinnorna får bättre stöd samt tidigare diagnostisering och behandling.
Background: Endometriosis is a common gynecological disease which in many cases can cause a great deal of suffering. Despite this fact many women have to wait a long time to get a proper diagnosis, the right medical care and treatment. The disease has a complex clinical picture that differs and which in many different ways have an impact on women’s lives. Aim: The aim was to describe women’s experiences living with endometriosis by looking at how women suffer due to the disease, from the points of disease-suffering, care-suffering and life-suffering. Method: General literature review where ten scientific articles were analysed based on the theory on suffering by Katie Eriksson as a criterion of the categories, disease-suffering, caresuffering and life-suffering. Result: Endometriosis impacted women’s lives in many different aspects. Women often suffered from intense pain and other symptoms and signs, which were often dismissed by caregivers. The disease also impacted women’s relationships as well as their social life in the sense that they often were treated with distrust from immediate surroundings. Conclusion: Caregivers need to have a deeper knowledge and understanding of endometriosis and its clinical picture to prevent women’s symptoms from being trivialized and neglected. The caregivers’ attitudes in the encounter with women have to be better and generate an earlier diagnosis and treatment. Emotional support from both caregivers and their immediate surroundings is important to substantiate women and their experiences of the disease. Clinical importance: It is of clinical significance that caregivers have an understanding for women’s experience of living with endometriosis. This in order for the care to be given from a broader perspective looking at the women’s life situation.

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Akhlaghi, Taghi y Alexander Kjell. "Patientens upplevelse av att leva med trycksår : En litteraturstudie". Thesis, Högskolan Väst, Avdelningen för omvårdnad - grundnivå, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-16360.

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Background: Pressure ulcer are one of the most common healthcare injuries and is a challenge for healthcare professionals. A pressure ulcer occurs from pressure or shear or a combination of both and it is mainly the elderly who are at risk. Pressure-relieving aids are used to prevent the pressure ulcer. The patient's experience is important in the care in order to prevent the pressure ulcer. Not understanding the patient's experience can lead to missed care and actions which in turn can lead to serious consequences. Aim: To describe patient's experiences of living with pressure ulcers. Method: A literature study was performed. An analysis of eleven qualitative articles that focused on the patient's experiences of pressure ulcers were conducted. Results: Two main themes and six subthemes emerged. The result presents the two main theme: Physical impact and Mental impact. Physical impact describes that pressure ulcers are painful and limit patient's mobility, which leads to becoming dependent on nursing care. Mental impact describes that the pressure ulcer causes the patients to isolate themselves, become dependent of others and lead to feelings of hopelessness. Conclusion: Patients experienced that being dependent on others are difficult and they experienced feelings of worthless and incapable. The smell and pain of the pressure ulcer and its wound fluids impairs patient's self-esteem and wellbeing, resulting in social isolation and hopelessness.
Trycksår är en av de vanligaste vårdskadorna inom hälso- och sjukvården som leder till ett lidande hos patienterna. Lidande är något som patienten blir utsatt för och är tvungen att leva med. Syftet med studien är att beskriva patienters upplevelser av att leva med trycksår. Att ta hänsyn till patienters upplevelser och deras kunskap kan resultera till en minskad sjukhusvistelse. Sjuksköterskan har som ansvar att främja hälsa, förebygga sjukdom, återställa hälsa och lindra patienters lidande. En viktig del av sjuksköterskans ansvar i omvårdnaden är att förhindra tryckskador. För att förhindra tryckskador ska sjuksköterskan känna till faktorer som ökar risken för trycksår, vilka är inkontinens, nedsatt rörlighet, anemi, rökning, malnutrition, nedsatt känsel, ödem, övervikt, hypotoni, diabetes och ateroskleros. För att kunna ge en adekvat behandling krävs det först att genomföra en bedömning för att kunna avgöra vilken behandling som blir aktuell. Stödytor som till exempel madrasser och sittdynor är det mest effektiva tillvägagångsätt för att förebygga trycksår hos patienter som befinner sig i samma ställning under en längre tid. Stödytans funktion är att jämnt fördela kroppens tyngdpunkt över hela ytan. I litteraturstudiens resultat inkluderades elva artiklar med kvalitativansats för att beskriva patienters upplevelser av att leva med trycksår. Patienterna upplever att trycksår är smärtsamma och begränsar dem i deras dagliga liv. Att leva med trycksår innebär att leva ett liv i smärta. Smärtan förvärrades av rörelser och bidrog till en nedsatt rörelseförmåga. Patienter uttryckte en förlust av rörlighet i samband med sitt trycksår, vilket bidrog till minskad förmåga att fortsätta med sitt dagliga liv. Den begränsade rörligheten gjorde att de blev beroende av andra personer och hjälpmedel. Många upplevde att tryckavlastande stödytor var obekväma och smärtsamma. Att ha trycksår bidrog även till sociala begränsningari livet. Patienterna uppgav att på grund av lukten från trycksåret så valde de att isolera sig från sociala aktiviteter. Att vara beroende av andra upplevdes som påfrestande vilket försämrade deras självkänsla och självförtroende, vilket bidrog till att de kände sig värdelösa och otillräckliga som inte kunde klara sig själva. Att få hjälp med intimvård och hygien upplevdes av patienterna som hotande för deras värdighet och integritet. Läketiden och behandlingen av trycksår var lång och fick patienterna att uppleva nedstämdhet och hopplöshet. Slutligen påverkar trycksår patienterna båda fysisk och psykisk och inverkar på deras välbefinnande och hälsa.

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Simonsson, Katarina y Karin Bergman. "Patientens upplevelse av postoperativ smärta". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för folkhälso- och vårdvetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-352676.

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Bakgrund: Postoperativ smärta uppkommer efter operation. En obehandlad akut smärta kan utvecklas till långvarig smärta och detta är den vanligaste orsaken till att patienter söker läkarvård. Sjuksköterskans ansvar är att lindra, bedöma och skatta smärta hos patienter. Ett ömsesidigt förtroende kan underlätta arbetet, emellertid blir enbart hälften av patienterna på en avdelning delaktiga i sin smärtbehandling. Patientens egna uppfattningar, tidigare erfarenheter och beskrivning av smärta bör tas på allvar. Studiens teoretiska referensram är Joyce Travelbees teori där huvudkomponenten innefattar förståelse för vad som händer i interaktionen mellan patienten och sjuksköterskan. Vårdlidande kan uppstå om patienten förlorar kontroll, vilket är vanligt förekommande inom vården. Smärta är ett exempel på en situation när patienten tappar kontroll över situationen. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva patienters upplevelse av postoperativ smärta. Metod: Litteraturstudie av kvalitativa artiklar genomförd i databaserna Pubmed, CINAHL, PsycINFO. Totalt inkluderades 10 stycken vetenskapliga artiklar. Resultat: Generellt upplevde patienter postoperativ smärta fysiskt. Kroppsliga förnimmelser var kopplade till smärtans karaktär, intensitet och varaktighet. Patienterna upplevde att smärtan begränsade vardagliga livet genom svårigheter att utföra aktivitet och sämre sömn. Patientens psykiska upplevelse präglades av rädsla och oro. Patienter upplevde att vårdpersonalens bemötande hade en inverkan på förtroendet. Tidigare erfarenhet och kunskap av smärta påverkade hur patienter hanterade smärta. Den farmakologiska och icke- farmakologiska smärtlindringen upplevdes positivt och negativt. Slutsats:Patienter upplever smärtans karaktär, varaktighet, intensitet och lokalisation individuellt. Förtroendet för vårdpersonal, deras bemötande och attityd har en betydelsefull inverkan på patienternas postoperativa smärtupplevelse. Tidigare erfarenheter av smärtlindring och relationen till vårdpersonal påverkar patienters inställning gentemot analgetika. Nyckelord: lidande, postoperativ smärta, smärtbedömning, smärtlindring, upplevelse.
Background: Postoperative pain emerge after surgery. Untreated acute pain can develop into chronic pain. It’s the most common cause for patients to seek medical treatment. It’s the nurse's responsibility to ease and evaluate pain among patients. Mutual trust can help make these responsibilities easier, though only half of the patient in a caring unit gets to be involved in their pain-treatment. Patients opinions, earlier experiences and descriptions of pain must be taken seriously. The theoretical reference frame of this study is Joyce Travelbee’s theory, where the main component includes the understanding of the interaction between patients and nurses. Suffering in healthcare can develop if the patient loses control, which is common in health care. Pain is an example of a situation when a patient loses control over of the situation. Aim: To describe patients experiences of postoperative pain. Method: A literature study of 10 qualitative articles, found in Pubmed, CINAHL and PsycINFO. Results: Patients generally experienced their postoperative pain physically. The experience related to the pains character, intensity and durability. The pain was often perceived to restrict everyday-life by bringing difficulties performing exercises and resulted in deficient sleep. The physical experience where tinged by fear and anxiety. The healthcare professional’s treatment towards patients had an impact on the relationships trust-status. Earlier experiences and knowledge about pain affected how patients handled their pain. Pharmacological and nonpharmacological pain treatment were experienced as both positive and negative. Conclusion: Patients experiences the character of the pain, as well as the intensity and durability, individually varying. Trust towards healthcare staff, their treatment and attitude, had an impact on the postoperative pain experience. Earlier experiences of pharmacological treatments and the relationship with staff impacted patients attitude towards analgesics. Keywords: Experience, painassessment, pain relief, postoperative pain, suffering.

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Norrefalk, Jan-Rickard. "Outcome of an 8-week multiprofessional work-related rehabilitation programme for patients suffering from persistent musculoskeletal-related pain /". Stockholm, 2006. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2006/91-7140-961-0/.

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Mnguni-Motsoko, Nomsa Patricia. "A critical reflection on the doctrine of the Trinity in Jürgen Moltmann’s The Crucified God with relation to human suffering and pain". Diss., University of Pretoria, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/64233.

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In his book The Crucified God; Jürgen Moltmann argues that the Church’s identity and relevance are intimately tied to what Christian theology has to say about God’s response in Christ – in referring to the meaning of the suffering and crucified Christ for the suffering of humankind and the created order. However the problem of human suffering cannot be approached without becoming aware of how God, in his revelation, becomes involved in a Trinitarian way. The intention is to search for answers to the problem in Jürgen Moltmann’s understanding of the Holy Trinity in its relation to human suffering. The crucified God, in Christ and Christ in God, meets us in our moments and situations of despair and God-forsakenness. When we cry out – Where is God? – and whilst crying out to the unreachable God in our lack of capacity, He reaches down in Trinitarian involvement in our world and in our history. The Trinitarian God reaches down to us in his gracious love, and plants His cross alongside our crosses of pain and destruction. God does that in His unexplainable kindness in our world order of the globalization of extreme evil and total exploitation of everything in God’s created world. The Triune God makes our suffering His suffering, and in His unending love He becomes the crucified God – for us victims and perpetrators.
Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2018.
Dogmatics and Christian Ethics
MA
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Sjöling, Mats. "Experiences of abandonment and anonymity among arthroplastic surgery patients in the perioperative period : some issues concerning communication, pain and suffering". Umeå : Kirurgisk och perioperativ vetenskap, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-509.

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Svahn, Rebecka y Martina Johansson. "Patienters upplevelser av postoperativ smärta- En litteraturöversikt". Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för hälsa och lärande, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-10864.

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Bakgrund: Smärtan är subjektiv och det innebär att det är en individuell upplevelse. Den kan upplevas olika beroende på vilka tidigare erfarenheter patienterna har. Ingen annan än patienterna själva kan beskriva den upplevda smärtan. Det är viktigt att patienternas upplevelse av smärta uppmärksammas för att sjuksköterskor ska kunna bemöta deras behov på bästa sätt och därmed minska lidande. Syfte: Syftet var att belysa patienternas upplevelser av postoperativ smärta. Metod: Studien är en litteraturöversikt som är baserad på både kvalitativa och kvantitativa artiklar. Resultat: Resultatet redovisas i fyra olika teman: Att lida av smärta, Betydelse av information och rädsla för läkemedelsberoende, Att vara osäker och inte vilja vara till besvär, Osäkerhet inför framtiden. Smärta är en individuell upplevelse och den postoperativa smärtan kan innebära ett lidande för patienten. De upplever inte alltid att sjuksköterskorna respekterar deras uttryck för smärta och känner sig bortglömda då de saknar att få ta del av information kring framtiden. Slutsats: Det är viktigt för patienterna att få vara involverade i sin vård, smärtlindring och att få tydlig information om vad som berör den postoperativa vården. De behöver stöttning av anhöriga men framförallt av sjuksköterskorna för att kunna lindra både psykiskt och fysiskt lidande.
Background: Pain is subjective and it means that it is an individual experience. It may feel different depending on the previous experience of the patient. No one other than the patient himself can describe the perceived pain. It is important that patients' experience of pain observed for nurses to be able to respond to their needs in the best way and thus reduce suffering. Purpose: The aim is to highlight patients' experience of postoperative pain. Method: The study is a literature review which is based on both qualitative and quantitative articles. Results: The results are reported in four different themes: To suffer from pain, Importance of information and fear of drug dependence, being worried and do not want to be a bother, to feel insecure in front of the future. Pain is an individual experience and postoperative pain may cause suffering for the patient. They do not always experience that nurses respect their expressions of pain and therefore feel forgotten because of their lack of access to information about the future. Conclusion: It is important for patients to be involved in their care, to receive pain relief and to get clear information about what affects the postoperative care. They need support from relatives but especially from all the nurses to decrease both mental and physical suffering.

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Broström, Jessica y Kajsa Nilsson. "Äldre personer i vården - smärta och smärthantering : Faktorer som påverkar äldre personers vardagliga liv till följd av brister i bedömning och hantering av smärta". Thesis, Ersta Sköndal högskola, Institutionen för vårdvetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:esh:diva-4617.

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Bakgrund: Smärta och äldre personer är centrala delar i sjukvården. Smärta är en subjektiv upplevelse och påverkar en person både psykiskt och fysiskt. Smärta är komplext och det finns många anledningar till att smärta uppkommer. Många äldre personer i samhället får inte korrekt smärtlindring vilket kan bero på attityder och felaktiga bedömningar. För att underlätta bedömningen av smärta finns det instrument som vårdpersonal kan ta hjälp av för att underlätta bedömningen av äldre personers smärta. Syfte: Att beskriva hur äldre personer upplever smärta och hur den handhas på vårdenheter. Metod: En litteraturöversikt som byggts på tio vetenskapliga artiklar. Artiklarna har hämtats från CINAHL complete. Sökord som har använts i studien: Perception, aged, analgesia, nursing, pain, pain assessment, older adults, aged 80 and over, patient, pain measurement, interviews. Den teoretisk referensram som användes var Katie Erikssons teori om lidande som syftar på att lidandet är en del av livet och är ett skydd för den enskilda individen. Resultat: Analysen av resultatdelarna delades upp i tre teman: Smärta och äldre, som belyser hur smärta kännetecknas hos äldre. Identifiering och bedömning av äldre personers smärta, belyser bedömningen av äldre personers smärta och bedömningsinstrument för att mäta smärta samt hur smärta hanteras, som belyser behandling av smärta hos äldre personer. Diskussion: De två teman som togs upp i diskussionen var smärta och äldre samt bedömning av äldre personers smärta. Dessa har diskuterats mot Katie Erikssons teori om lidande och konsensus begreppet vårdande.
Background: Pain and elderly people are central parts of healthcare. Pain is a subjective feeling affecting humans both psychologically and physically. Pain is complex and there are many reasons why pain arises. Many elderly people in society do not get the right pain relief, which may be due to attitudes or incorrect assessments. To facilitate the assessment of pain, there are instruments that health professionals can use to assess the pain of the elderly. Aim: To describe elderly people’s perception of pain and how it’s administered in care settings. Method: A literature review that has been built on ten scientific articles. The articles were taken from CINAHL complete. Search terms used: Perception, aged, analgesia, nursing, pain, pain assessment, older adults, aged 80 above, patient, pain measurement, interviews. The theoretical framework was Katie Erikson's theory of suffering that refers to that suffering is part of life and is a defense for the individual. Results: The analyses of the results were divided into three themes: Pain and elderly, which illustrates how the pain is characterized in elderly. Identification and assessment of older people's pain, highlighting the assessment of older people's pain and the assessment instruments that can be used and how pain is managed, that elucidate the treatment of pain for elderly people. Discussions: The two themes addressed in the discussion were pain and elderly, and assessment of elderly people’s pain. These were discussed against Katie Erikson's theory about suffering and the consensus term care.

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Sjöling, Mats. "Experiences of abandonment and anonymity among arthroplastic surgery patients in the perioperative period : some issues concerning communication, pain and suffering". Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Anestesiologi och intensivvård, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-509.

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Det övergripande syftet med avhandlingsarbetet är att illustrera och belysa upplevelsen av att vara patient med behov av ledprotes, avseende aspekterna kommunikation, smärtupplevelse, lidande och tillfredsställelse med vård och behandling. Under väntetiden för ledprotesoperation upplever deltagarna i studierna lidande i olika former, tillika att vården är otillgänglig och onåbar i ett ansiktslöst system (I). Att få information om sin sjukdom vad man kan/får/ska göra är nästan omöjligt. Kontakten med sjukvården är svår att upprätta och det är mestadels patientens ansvar att söka information om vad som händer (II). Den bristfälliga kommunikationen som deltagarna i delstudie I upplever, leder till att de känner sig missförstådda och nedvärderade av sjukvårdssystemet, och därmed befinner sig i en ständig kamp för att få sitt vårdbehov bekräftat. Under deltagarnas vandring i sjukvårdssystemet förändras deras negativa uppfattning om vården till att bli mer positiv när en reell kommunikation och personlig kontakt etablerats (IIV). Fynden i arbetena (I-IV) tolkas inom ramen för Katie Erikssons och Lennart Fredrikssons beskrivningar av lidande och det vårdande samtalet. En del deltagare i studierna har av egen kraft, eller till följd av personliga egenskaper uppnått insikter om sig själva och försonats med sitt lidande, på så sätt har de kunnat bibehålla eller uppnå mening i sin tillvaro. Av egen kraft, eller med hjälp av anhöriga kan individerna få sitt lidande bekräftat och därmed möjligheten att kunna lida ut och försonas med sig själv och den förändrade tillvaron. Så länge som sjukvården upplevs som ett ansiktslöst system finns det deltagare i avhandlingen som inte klarar av att ta itu med sitt lidande. Under patientens vandring i sjukvårdssystemet blir det uppenbart att systemet får ett ansikte först när deltagarna kan relatera till vården i form av en reell person. Vården får inte ett ansikte så länge som patienten upplever sig dåligt bemött utan detta sker när det med Fredrikssons termer uppstår ett vårdande samtal. Under väntetiden för operation finns det relativt få tillfällen där ett vårdande samtal har möjlighet att uppstå. Möjligheten för detta är dock större när patienten väl är inlagd på sjukhuset för att bli opererad, vilket återspeglas i den höga grad av tillfredsställelse med vården som uttrycks i delstudie II-IV. Patienterna är tillfredsställda med vård och behandling, trots att de har upplevt postoperativ smärta i en hög grad. I delstudie III var det 68% (n=40) och i delstudie IV 83.5% (n=50) som hade upplevt smärtor motsvarande ≥ 4 på Visuell Analog Skala (VAS). Under sjukhusvistelsen upplever sig patienten bekräftad och synlig i systemet. Synligheten är ömsesidig då även vården (systemet) får ett ansikte på patienten. I ett vårdande samtal uppstår en känsla av tillit och när detta sker vågar patienten och vårdaren kommunicera på ett öppet sätt där de båda är närvarande i situationen
The overall objective of the thesis is to describe and illustrate the experience of being an arthroplastic surgery patient during the perioperative period with regard to the issues of communication, pain,suffering and satisfaction with care. While waiting for surgery, the participants in this thesis experience suffering in different ways and mainly experience health care as being unavailable and negative in a faceless system (I). Obtaining information related to their illness is difficult, as it is hard to establish contact with health care providers. The responsibility for establishing contact and obtaining information rests solely with the patients (II). In Paper I, due to poor communication, the respondents express feelings of abandonment, anonymity and being disparaged by the health care system. During the participants' journey through the health care system, the negative experience acquires a more positive nature, as personal contacts are established with health care representatives (I-IV). The findings in the different papers (I-IV) are interpreted in the light of Katie Eriksson and Lennart Fredriksson’s descriptions of suffering and the caring conversation. There are participants in this thesis who have been able to reach a personal understanding of themselves and have found reconciliation in suffering. In this way, they have been able to maintain or obtain meaning in their lifeworld. Through their own power, or with the help of family and friends, individuals may be able to attain confirmation of their suffering, have the time and space to suffer and find reconciliation. However, as long as health care is experienced as a faceless system, there are individuals in this study who are unable to face their suffering. During the patients’ journey through the system, it becomes obvious that the system obtains a face when the individuals are able to establish trustful contact with an actual person within the system. The system does not obtain a face as long as the individuals perceive themselves as being poorly treated by health care representatives. In these cases, the system is actually the cause of additional suffering. In the terms defined by Fredriksson, the system obtains a face when a turning point occurs in the form of a caring conversation. During the waiting time, there are few opportunities for a caring conversation. An opportunity is more likely to occur when the individual is admitted to hospital. This is reflected in the extensive degree of satisfaction with care as expressed in Papers II-IV. High levels of satisfaction are reported, although the participants report having experienced high levels of postoperative pain. In Paper III, 68% (n=40) and, in Paper IV, 83.5% (n=50) of the patients experienced pain of ≥ 4 on the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). When they have been admitted to hospital, the individuals sense that they are confirmed by and visible in the system. This visibility is mutual, as the individual becomes an actual person to health care representatives. In a caring conversation, a sense of trust is established and, as this occurs, the individual and the care provider dare to communicate in an open way, where both are present in the situation.

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Edvardsson, Emma y Alexandra Karlsson. "Den dolda sjukdomen : Kvinnors upplevelser av att leva med endometrios". Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för hälsa och samhälle (HOS), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-27325.

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Endometrios är en kronisk sjukdom som drabbar cirka 10 procent av alla fertila kvinnor. Världen över beräknas 176 miljoner kvinnor vara drabbade av sjukdomen. Endometrios medför ett stort lidande då sjukdomen påverkar det fysiska, psykiska, sociala samt sexuella välbefinnandet. Det krävs god kunskap om hur kvinnorna upplever sitt tillstånd och sin kropp för att sjuksköterskan på bästa sätt ska kunna främja kvinnornas hälsa och ge en god vård. Syftet med studien var att beskriva kvinnors upplevelser av att leva med endometrios. Studien genomfördes som en litteraturstudie och bestod av 12 vetenskapliga artiklar varav åtta kvalitativa och fyra kvantitativa. De vetenskapliga artiklarna var genomförda i England (2), Norge, Nya Zeeland (2), Danmark, Österrike, Australien (3), Iran och USA mellan åren 2004-2014. Resultatet visade att kvinnorna upplevde stora brister i vården vilket medförde ett stort vårdlidande. Sjukdomen påverkade även livssituationen negativt vilket gav upphov till livslidande samt sjukdomslidande. Trots att endometrios är en av de vanligaste sjukdomarna i världen finns det stora kunskapsbrister och oförståelse inom vården och bland allmänheten. En slutsats var att personer som arbetar inom sjukvården bör bli bättre på att uppmärksamma kvinnor med endometrios och tro på deras sjukdomsupplevelser. Det behövs mer kunskap om sjukdomen bland vårdpersonal samt bland allmänhet. Endometrios och sjukdomens konsekvenser bör även uppmärksammas i sjuksköterskeutbildningen.
Endometriosis is a chronic disease affecting approximately 10 percent of all women in their reproductive years. Worldwide are 176 million women estimated to be affected by the disease. Endometriosis causes a tremendous suffering affecting the physical, mental, social and sexual wellbeing of women. Indepth knowledge about how women experience their condition and their bodies is required to provide high quality care and promote wellbeing. The purpose of this study was to describe women’s experiences of living with endometriosis. The research was conducted in a literature review consisting of 12 articles eight of which were qualitative and four quantitative. The scientific articles was completed in England (2), Norway, New Zealand, Denmark, Austria (3), Australia (3), Iran and USA between 2004-2014. The result showed that women experienced tremendous dissatisfaction as regards the care they received resulting in suffering. The disease affected aspects of life negatively which gave rise to life suffering and disease suffering. Although endometriosis is one of the most common diseases in the world, there is a detrimental lack of knowledge and incomprehension among health care professionals and the general public. There is thus a great need for improvements. Health care professionals must develop a better understand of how endometriosis affect women, avoiding a diminishing attitude to personal testimonies of grave suffering. More knowledge about endometriosis among health professionals and among the general public is necessary. There is a need for more education on the subject in the context of nursing studies.

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Simurro, Sâmia Aguiar Brandão. "Construção de uma escala dedor utilizando estimativas de magnitude". Universidade de São Paulo, 1999. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/47/47135/tde-15012009-162618/.

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Conceitos e fenômenos subjetivos, como a dor, sempre foram difíceis de serem medidos com precisão. A metodologia psicofísica, especialmente os procedimentos de estimativa de magnitude desenvolvidos por S.S. Stevens (1950), tem contribuído para o desenvolvimento de técnicas, para a criação de instrumentos, para escalonar fenômenos subjetivos. O objetivo do trabalho foi de construir uma escala psicofísica de medida da dor, utilizando julgamentos subjetivos de dor provocada por diferentes eventos. O trabalho foi realizado com 40 sujeitos adultos (30 mulheres e 10 homens) com idades entre 20 e 79 anos, para o grupo experimental e com 24 sujeitos do grupo controle com características de sexo, faixa etárias, estado conjugal e escolaridades semelhantes às do grupo experimental. Todos os sujeitos do grupo experimental eram doentes com dor crônica que se encontrava em tratamento, no ambulatório de dor da Clínica Neurológica do Instituto Central do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo. Investigou-se a concordância dos julgamentos obtidos entre o grupo experimental (com dor) e o controle (sem dor), procurando-se averiguar se existe ou não concordâncias entre os grupos, no que diz respeito à forma de avaliação da dor. Os dados coletados foram obtidos mediante entrevistas individuais, em que os sujeitos faziam julgamentos da magnitude de cada evento doloroso apresentado. Para obter uma escala objetiva de dor, utilizou-se de três listas com três conjuntos distintos de eventos dolorosos: dores do cotidiano (dor de cabeça, dor nas costas, etc.), dores por doenças físicas (lombalgia, câncer, etc.), dores por eventos dolorosos de vida ou eventos psicossociais (morte de filho, diagnóstico grave, perda de emprego, etc.). A partir dessas estimativas da sensação da dor, procurou-se encontrar a magnitude física da dor estimada, aplicando-se a função de Stevens (S=kIn). Os resultados permitiram observar que existe coerência entre os sujeitos desta população, nos julgamentos da magnitude do fenômeno doloroso, sendo possível se construir uma escala geral de dor a partir desses julgamentos. O conjunto de dores no qual houve maior correlação foi o de dores do cotidiano. Trata-se de situações que a maioria das pessoas conhece e já experienciou, encontrando, portanto, maior facilidade para dimensionar e estimar a magnitude. Por serem as dores do cotidiano, situações já vivenciadas, acredita-se que estas formam o conjunto de dores mais confiáveis para serem utilizadas numa escala geral de dor.
Concepts and subjective phenomena such as pain have always been difficult to measure accurately. The psychophysical methodology, mainly the magnitude estimation method developed by S.S. Stevens (1950), provides techniques for the development of precise scaling instruments for subjective phenomena. The present study intends to build a tool for the measure of pain using the psychophysical method of subjective magnitude estimation. Forty subjects (30 women and 10 men) with ages between 20 and 79 years were selected for the experimental group and twenty-four subjects with similar characteristics (sex, age, education and marital status) for the control group. Subjects from the experimental group were under treatment in the Pain Clinic of the University of São Paulo (Clínica Neurológica do Instituto Central do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo). The differences between the judgements made by the experimental group (with pain) and the judgements made by the control group (without pain) were studied in order to investigate if those groups had different ways of estimating the pain aroused by different painful situations. Data was collected individually by means of written forms. Three different forms were used for each subject containing three different sets of painful situations grouped as follows: pain due to common situations (headache, back pain, a.s.o.); pain due to severe illness (back pain, cancer, a.s.o); pain aroused by emotional or psychosocial situations (death of the son/daughter, diagnostic of severe illness, lost of the job, a.s.o.). From these judgement, the physical magnitude of the pain was calculated using the reverse of the psychophysical function of S. S. Stevens (S=kIn). The results demonstrated that there is agreement between the magnitude judgements of pain by both groups, making it possible to construct a pain-measuring tool by this means. Highest correlation was obtained for pain due to common situations (r=0,896), probably because most of the subjects had experienced these situations before and could give an accurate estimation of the aroused pain. It is concluded, that a pain-measuring tool should use these kind of painful situations as references for the pain felt by the patients.

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Eker, Nicole y Malin Pettersson. "Omvårdnadsåtgärder för att minska procedursmärta hos spädbarn : En litteraturstudie". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för folkhälso- och vårdvetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-382114.

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SAMMANFATTNING Bakgrund:Inom vården utsätts spädbarn för flertalet medicintekniska moment som kan ge upphov till procedursmärta. För att säkerställa att spädbarnen inte upplever procedursmärta krävs omvårdnadsåtgärder som kan minska denna typ av smärta. Omvårdnadsåtgärder som förebygger och minskar procedursmärta hos spädbarn kan vara farmakologiska och icke-farmakologiska. Procedursmärta hos spädbarn ger upphov till ett sjukdomslidande, vilket bör undvikas. Syfte:Syftet med denna litteraturstudie är att kartlägga om förebyggande farmakologiska samt icke-farmakologiska omvårdnadsåtgärder kan minska procedursmärta hos spädbarn under medicintekniska moment. Metod:För att besvara syftet gjordes en litteraturstudie med 11 kvantitativa artiklar. Resultat:De farmakologiska omvårdnadsåtgärder som minskar procedursmärta hos spädbarn är sackaros och glukos medan paracetamol är en metod som inte har denna effekt. De icke-farmakologiska omvårdnadsåtgärderna som minskar procedursmärta är bland annat amning, bekanta ljud och att linda spädbarnet. Att linda spädbarnet var även effektivt i kombination med sackaros och icke näringsrikt sugande medan icke näringsrikt sugande verkar smärtförebyggande i kombination med bröstmjölk och stödjande sammanhållning. Hud mot hud vård minskar procedursmärta både ensamt och i kombination med amning. Ingen evidens finns för att klassisk musik minskar procedursmärta hos spädbarn. Slutsats:Det finns evidens för att farmakologiska och icke-farmakologiska omvårdnadsåtgärder minskar procedursmärta hos spädbarn under medicintekniska moment. Trygghet, beröring och närhet är viktiga faktorer för förebyggande av smärta hos spädbarn och kan uppnås genom användandet av olika icke-farmakologiska metoder. Trots att användandet av smärtförebyggande omvårdnadsåtgärder minskar procedursmärta kan frånvaro av smärta och sjukdomslidande inte säkerställas.
ABSTRACT Background:Infants are exposed to several medical technical procedures that can cause procedural pain. To ensure that infants do not experience procedural pain, it is required to find nursing methods that can reduce this type of pain. Nursing methods that prevent and reduce procedural pain in infants can be pharmacological and non-pharmacological. Procedural pain in infants leads to infants suffering from disease, which should be avoided. Aim:The aim of this literature study is to chart if preventive pharmacological and non-pharmacological nursing methods can reduce procedural pain in infants during medical technical procedures. Method:To answer the aim of the study, a literature study with 11 quantitative articles were conducted. Result:The pharmacological methods that reduce procedural pain in infants are sucrose and glucose while paracetamol is a method that is not effective. The non-pharmacological methods that reduce procedural pain are for example breastfeeding, familiar auditory stimulus and swaddling. Swaddling was also effective in combination with sucrose and non-nutritive sucking while non-nutritive sucking had an preventing effect in combination with oral breastmilk and facilitated tucking. Skin-to-skin contact reduces procedural pain both alone and in combination with breastfeeding. There is no evidence that classical music reduces procedural pain in infants. Conclusion:There is evidence that pharmacological and non-pharmacological nursing methods reduce procedural pain in infants during medical technical procedures. Comfortability, physical contact and closeness are important factors in the prevention of pain in infants and can be achieved by use of various non-pharmacological methods. Although the use of pain prevention nursing methods reduces procedural pain, the absence of pain and suffering from disease can not be ensured.

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Jurkaitė, Lina. "Mirties problema E. Levino ir A. Lingio fenomenologijoje". Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2007. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2007~D_20070816_171257-44153.

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Mirties fenomenas telkia daug laukų Levino ir Lingio filosofijoje. Mirtis tai visiškas kitybės išsiveržimas. Levinas klausia ar mirtis paskelbta kito yra dar mano mirtis? Agonijos metu negali apie savo mirtį kalbėti kaip apie kito mirtį. Mirtis kaip įmanomybės neįmanomybė. Levino atsakomybės fenomenu pereinama prie kito. Atsakomybė už kito mirtį tiek, kiek ji susijusi su mano paties mirtimi. Levino mirties fenomenas naikina savastingumą. Lingis mąsto apie tuos, kurie visa palieka, apie tuos, kurie miršta. Jis išryškina, kad mirtis tai ne niekas, kuris pasireiškia mums mirties baime, bet pati nežinomybė. Mirtis kančių riba ir anapusybė. Kančioje, pagal Lingį, išsipildo žmogaus vienatvė, arba jo sąsajos su pačiu savimi, visas intensyvumas, jo tapatybės nepakeičiamumas. Pasikartojančios aplinkybės primena, kad artėja mirtis . Išryškina komunikacijos aspektus mirties fenomene.
The phenomena of the death involves lost of fields in the philosophy of Levinas and Lingis. Death is an absoliute apearence of change. Levinas asks it the death anounced by another person is my daeth? During the periodo f the agony you can not talk about your awn death like about. Death of another person. Death is like possibility of impossibility. According to Levinas phenomena of responsibility we reach another phenomena. Each person is responsible for the death of another persona s much as it is connected with his death. The conception of Levinas death destroys moral aspects of personality. Lingis thinks about those who are leaving everyhing and about those who die. See emphasizes that death is nothing, which reveals itself by our fear of the death. But really it is something. That coeed not be explained. Death is a limits of sufferings and it is something beyond us according to Lingis lonliness of a human beingo r his connections with himself, all intensivity, unchanging of conception of yourself are revealed in suffering. Repeatedby occuring activities remind us that the death is approuching. Also Lingis emphasizes communicative aspects in the phenomena of death.

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Malmström, Josephine. "Upplevelser av att leva med långvarig smärta : En litteraturöversikt". Thesis, Ersta Sköndal högskola, Institutionen för vårdvetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:esh:diva-4331.

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Bakgrund: Långvarig smärta påträffas hos uppskattningsvis hälften, 40-65 %, av Sveriges befolkning. Smärtan ska ha varit kvarstående i minst tre månader för att den ska kvalificeras som långvarig. För att behandling ska fungera är det av stor betydelse att personen med smärta ska bli lyssnad på och trodd i sin subjektiva upplevelse av smärta. Den långvariga smärtan påverkar det dagliga livet på ett negativt sätt. Den teoretiska utgångspunkt som har använts är Erikssons teori om lidande samt det vårdvetenskapliga konsensusbegreppet hälsa. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva upplevelser av att leva med långvarig smärta. Metod: En litteraturöversikt gjordes där åtta vetenskapliga artiklar utgjorde grunden för resultatet i syfte att skapa en översikt på den aktuella befintliga forskningen. Resultat: I litteraturöversikten identifierades sex olika kategorier. Dessa var upplevelsen av förändringar i vardagen, upplevelsen av smärtan som oförutsägbar och en fiende, upplevelsen av förändrad självbild, upplevelsen av smärthantering och smärtlindringsstrategier, upplevelsen av vändpunkter och att se det positiva samt upplevelsen av mötet med vårdpersonal. Det framkom i resultatet att smärtan hade en negativ inverkan på livet ur fysiska, sociala samt psykiska perspektiv. Det visade sig att den långvariga smärtan påverkar det vardagliga livet med en negativ inverkan. När man blev tvungen att ändra på ens livsstil påverkades självbilden och känsla av värdighet negativt. Det visade sig dock att genom en positiv inställning till smärtan kunde personer/patienter lära sig att leva med den samtidigt som det fanns ett stort missnöje med vården främst på grund av upplevelsen att inte bli trodd eller lyssnad på. Diskussion: Metoddiskussionen tar upp fördelar och nackdelar med den valda metoden som diskuteras samt analyseras. I resultatdiskussion analyseras resultatet samt återkopplas till Erikssons teori om lidande samt diskuteras utifrån bakgrunden för denna litteraturöversikt och utifrån nya vetenskapliga artiklar.
Background: Long term pain is found in approximately half, 40-65 %, of the Swedish population. The pain must have been outstanding for at least three months for it to be classified as long term. For treatment to work, it is essential that the person with pain should be listened to and believed in their subjective experience of their pain. The long term pain influences the daily life in a negative way. The theoretical basis used is Erikson's theory about suffering andthecareof scientificconsensusconcept of health. Aim: The aim was to describe the experiences of living with long term pain. Method: A literature study was done where eight scientific papers formed the basis of the results in order to create an overview of the current existing research. Results: The literature review identified six different categories.These were the experience ofchangesin everyday life, the experience of painasunpredictable andan enemy, the experience of alteredself-image,the experience ofpain managementand pain managementstrategies, the experience of turning pointsandto see the positiveas well asthe experience ofmeeting withhealth professionals. Longterm pain hada negative impact onthe life out ofphysical, socialandpsychologicalperspective. It was shown thatchronic painaffectseveryday lifewitha negative impact.Whenthey were forcedto changeone's lifestyleinfluencedthe self-imageandsense of dignitynegative.It turned out, however, that through a positiveattitude towardpaincouldpeople/patientslearn to live with it while there was great dissatisfaction with the caremainly because ofthe experienceof not being believed or listened to. Discussions: The method discussion addresses the advantages and disadvantages of the method chosen are discussed and analyzed. In the discussion of results the result was analyzed and reconnected back to Erikson's theory of suffering and discussed based on the background for this literature review and based on new scientific articles.

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Elvbo, Vendela y Marie Netsborn. "Upplevelser, erfarenheter och lidande för personer med långvarig smärta : en litteraturöversikt". Thesis, Sophiahemmet Högskola, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:shh:diva-3787.

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Bakgrund Smärta är ett stort samhällsproblem som drabbar människor urskillningslöst. Sjukdomen långvarig smärta är komplex och multidimensionell och kan ha många konsekvenser för de påverkade personerna, som sällan är helt smärtfria. Syfte Syftet var att beskriva personers upplevelser av långvarig smärta. Metod Arbetet är en litteraturöversikt med 19 vetenskapliga artiklar av kvantitativa respektive kvalitativa design, med sökning i databaserna CINAHL och PubMed. De kvalitetsgranskades enligt bedömningsunderlaget modifierat utifrån Berg, Dencker och Skärsäter (1999) samt Willman, Stoltz och Bahtsevani (2011). Resultatet kategoriserades sedan enligt vilka aspekter som identifierades: Fysiska konsekvenser, Upplevelser av sjukvården och Psykiska konsekvenser. Dessa kategorier delades sedan upp i underkategorier som presenteras i resultatet. Resultat Personer med långvarig smärta beskriver negativa konsekvenser relaterade till smärta. Fysisk, psykisk och social lidande på grund av långvarig smärta och begränsad förståelse och dåligt bemötande från vårdens sida kan påvisas i artiklarna. Slutsats Smärta och lidande är nära sammankopplat och långvarig smärta är sällan utan lidande. Undermålig vård med okunskap av vårdpersonal ökar lidandet och ökad kunskap behövs inom vården.
Background Long term pain is common and affects people in all walks of life. The disease is very complex and multidimensional and can have many consequences for the people afflicted, who are very rarely completely pain free. Aim The aim was to describe the patient experience of people living with long term pain. Method The method used is literature review with both quantitative and qualitative articles compiled from searches in the databases CINAHL and PubMed. They were put through quality control using assessment bases modified from Berg, Dencker and Skärsäter (1999) as well as Willman, Stoltz and Bahtsevani (2011). The result was then categorised according to what aspects were identified: Physical consequences, Experiences in the Healthcare system and Psychological consequences. These categories were then divided into subcategories presented in the result. Results People living with long term pain describe negative consequences related to their pain. Physical, mental, and social suffering because of long term pain and limited understanding and poor reception from the care system can be shown in the articles. Conclusions Pain and suffering are closely interlinked, and long-term pain is rarely without suffering. Subpar care with ignorance from health care personnel increases suffering and more knowledge is required within the care system.

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Gustafsson, Tomas y Benjamin Erkstam. "Patienters upplevelse av postoperativ smärtbehandling : En litteraturstudie". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för folkhälso- och vårdvetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-398046.

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Bakgrund: Smärta är en subjektiv känsla där varje individ lär sig betydelsen av ordet genom egna erfarenheter. Smärta är något nästan alla upplever efter ett kirurgiskt ingrepp och där otillräcklig smärtlindring i den akuta fasen kan leda till svåra komplikationer vilket skapar lidande för patienten samt stora samhällsekonomiska kostnader. Syfte: Att beskriva patienters upplevelse av postoperativ smärtbehandling. Metod: Litteraturstudie med deskriptiv design av 11 kvalitativa originalartiklar från databaserna PubMed, CINAHL och PsycINFO vars innehåll analyserades i fem steg. Resultat: Patienter var överlag tillfredsställda trots smärta. Det fanns delade åsikter om nyttan av NRS (numerisk skala). Patienter hade en rad föreställningar om läkemedel som ledde dem till att undvika analgetika. Information ansågs vara huvudsakligen hjälpsamt, framför allt skriftlig, dock upplevde patienter att informationen var bristfällig. Attityd, tillit och kommunikation spelade en viktig roll för relationen mellan personal och patient. Patienter som genomgått dagkirurgi och behandlade sin smärta ensamma i hemmet med mycket begränsad kontakt med vårdpersonal, upplevde svårigheter att ta beslut och följa sin smärtbehandlingsplan. Patienter uppskattade att bli inkluderade och delaktiga i sin vård, även om det kunde upplevas som en börda, och tog många egna initiativ och egna strategier under sin behandling, ofta för att slippa använda analgetika. Tidigare erfarenheter var också något som ofta hjälpte patienter i deras smärtbehandling. Slutsats: Patienter var ofta nöjda med sin smärtbehandling trots att de fortfarande upplevde smärta, viktigast för att uppnå detta var en känsla av trygghet. Viktiga faktorer för detta var utförlig skriftlig och upprepad information om smärta, smärtbehandling och analgetika samt ett gott, professionellt, inkluderande och individanpassat bemötande från vårdpersonalen. Brister inom dessa områden ledde till oro och rädsla för det okända, vilket försvårade smärtupplevelsen. Patienter upplevde sällan fullgod smärtlindring.
Background: Pain is a subjective feeling where each individual learns the meaning of the word through their own experiences. Pain is something almost everyone experiences after a surgical procedure and where insufficient pain relief in the acute phase can lead to severe complications, which creates suffering for the patient and large socio-economic costs. Aim: To describe patients' experience of postoperative pain management. Method: Literature review with descriptive design of 11 qualitative original articles from the databases PubMed, CINAHL and PsycINFO whose contents were analyzed in five steps. Result: Patients were generally satisfied despite pain. There were different opinions about the benefits of the NRS (numeric rating scale). Patients had a number of conceptions about drugs that led them to avoid analgesics. Information was considered to be mainly helpful, especially written, however patients felt that the information was deficient. Attitude, trust and communication played an important role in the relationship between staff and patient. Patients who underwent day surgery and treated their pain alone in the home with very limited contact with health care professionals experienced difficulties in making decisions and following their pain management plan. Patients appreciated being included and involved in their care, although it could be perceived as a burden, and took many own initiatives and strategies during their treatment, often to avoid using analgesics. Previous experience was also something that often helped patients in their pain management. Conclusion: Patients were often satisfied with their pain management even though they were still experiencing pain, most important to achieve this was a peace of mind. Important factors for this were detailed written and repeated information about pain, pain treatment and analgesics as well as a good, professional, inclusive and individualized response from the care staff. Deficiencies in these areas led to worrying and fear of the unknown, which made the pain experience more difficult. Patients rarely experienced adequate pain relief.

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Odin, Charlotte y Marie Magnusson. "Komplementära smärtlindringsmetoder inom palliativ vård : En litteraturöversikt". Thesis, Hälsohögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, HHJ, Avd. för omvårdnad, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-24750.

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Bakgrund; Många patienter inom palliativ vård lider av svår smärta. Ofta ger den farmakologiska behandlingen inte tillräklig smärtlindring vilket har lett till ett ökat intresse för komplementära smärtlindringsmetoder inom palliativ vård. Syfte; Att beskriva effekten av komplementära smärtlindringsmetoder inom palliativ vård. Metod; Studien genomfördes som en litteraturöversikt och baseras på tretton kvantitativa artiklar. Resultat; Massage, akupunktur och musikterapi har studerats då dessa behandlingar är godkända i Sverige. Artiklarna visar en signifikant smärtlindring efter behandlingarna men varaktigheten varierade mellan grupperna. Musikterapi och massage har främst en kortverkande effekt medan akupunktur har en långverkande effekt som kräver upprepade behandlingar. Slutsats; De komplementära behandlingarna vid sidan av farmakologisk behandling tyder på att patienterna får en bättre smärtlindring och livskvalitet. Behandlingarna är enkla att utföra och inga biverkningar påvisas. Samtliga komplementära behandlingar skulle därför kunna vara ett alternativ på palliativa enheter och inom hemsjukvården.
Background; Many patients within palliative care suffer from severe pain. Despite farmacological treatment some patients still experience insufficient pain relief. This has led to an increased interest in complementary therapies within palliative care. Aim; To describe the pain relieving effects of complementary therapies within palliative care. Method; This study is carried out as a literature review based on thirteen articles with quantitative approach. Results; Massage, music therapy and acupuncture has been studied as these treatments are accepted by Swedish law. The results showed a significant improvement of pain after the treatments. Duration of the pain relieving effects varied between the different methods. Music therapy and massage showed an immidiate but short term effect. Acupuncture showed a long term effect that needed to be repeated for best effect. Conclusion; Complementary methods may together with farmacological treatment improve the pain relief and offer a better end of life.

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Mowbray, Donald Crawford. "The development of ideas about pain and suffering in the works of thirteenth-century masters of theology at Paris, c.1230-c.1300". Thesis, University of Bristol, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/fde4cad9-3a19-418c-8d19-3c2008ef7834.

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Andersson, Frida y Frida Edvardsson. "Patienters upplevelser av att leva med kronisk smärta : En litteraturöversikt". Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för hälsovetenskaper, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-19379.

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Bakgrund: Kronisk smärta är vanligt förekommande och ses som ett folkhälsoproblem. Typiskt för kronisk smärta är att smärtupplevelsen bortsett från själva smärtan, präglas av psykiska och sociala besvär. Orsakerna till smärtan kan vara många och behandlingen kan vara komplex. Sjuksköterskan har en stor roll i vårdandet av patienterna. Syfte: Att beskriva patienters upplevelser av att leva med kronisk smärta. Metod: Kvalitativ metod där 10 vetenskapliga artiklar lästes och analyserades. Resultat: 6 teman identifierades; begränsad livskvalité, begränsad möjlighet till ett socialt liv, ett förändrat synsätt på livet, annorlunda vardagar, viljan att hantera kronisk smärta och bli sedd och tagen på allvar i det vårdande mötet. Diskussion: Kronisk smärta måste framför allt ses som ett lidande och en livsomställning för den drabbade och de anhöriga. Patienter måste lära känna sig själva på nytt och acceptera smärtan, vilket är en process. Olika tillvägagångssätt används som strategier för att hantera smärtan och bemötandet från sjuksköterskan anses extremt viktigt. Konklusion: Det är viktigt att patienten bli tagen på allvar för minskat lidande och ökad livskvalité. Det är viktigt att sjuksköterskan beaktar patientens livsvärld.
Background: Chronic pain is common and seen as a public health problem. Typical of chronic pain is that the pain experience, apart from the pain itself, is characterized by mental and social problems. The causes of pain can be many, and the treatment complex. The nurse has a major role in the care of patients. Purpose: To describe patients' experiences of living with chronic pain. Method: Qualitative method where 10 articles were read and analyzed. Results: 6 themes were identified; limited quality of life, limited opportunity for a social life, a changed view of life, different weekdays, the desire to deal with chronic pain and be seen and respected in the healthcare. Discussion: Above all chronic pain must be seen as a suffering and a life adjustment for the patients and the relatives. Patients need to better understand themselves and accept the pain, a process which is required. Different approaches are used as a strategy to manage the pain and the treatment from the nurse is considered extremely important. Conclusion: It is important that the patient is taken seriously to reduce the suffering and increase the quality of life. It is important that the nurse considers the patient's personal life.

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Fayez, Wasim y Malin Fredriksson. "Bemötande av patienter med psykosomatisk smärta". Thesis, Ersta Sköndal högskola, Institutionen för vårdvetenskap, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:esh:diva-665.

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King, Daniel A. "Painful stories : the experience of pain and its narration in the Greek literature of the Imperial period (100-250)". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:c5509a42-cd3f-4e11-b9a1-8a3b6fa84101.

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This research project investigates the relationship between pain and the practices of explaining and narrating it to others. Current scholarship argues that the representation of suffering became, during the Imperial period, an increasingly effective and popular strategy for cultivating authority and that this explains the success of Christian culture’s representation of itself as a community of sufferers. One criticism of this approach is that the experience of pain has often been assumed, rather than analysed. Here, I investigate the nature of pain by attending to its intimate relationship with language; pain was connected to the strategies used to communicate that experience to others. I will show that writers throughout the Imperial period were concerned with questions about how to communicate pain and how that act of communication shaped, managed, and alleviated the experience. I investigate this culture along three axes. Part 1, ‘The Sublime Representation of Pain’, investigates the way different authors thought about the capacity of sublime language and rhetorical techniques such as enargeia to effectively communicate pain. I argue that for writers such as Longinus, the sublime offers an opportunity to replicate the traumatic experience of the pain sufferer in the audience or listener—pain is narrated to the audience through a traumatic communicative mode. Contrarily, I show how authors such as Plutarch and Galen were particularly concerned to desublimate the representation of pain, reducing the affective power of images of pain by promoting the audience’s conscious engagement with the text or representational medium. Part 2, ‘Medical Narratives’, examines a conflict between Galen and Aristides over the way language and narrative signified or referred to painful experiences. I show how both writers negotiate the way pain destroys and transcends ordered, structured, narrative by engaging in a process of narrative translation. I will illuminate the difference between scientific, diagnostic narratives which explain and rationalise pain experiences (in the case of Galen) and those which attempt to give witness to the nebulous, ineffable qualities of pain. In Part 3, ‘Narrating Cures’ I investigate ancient practices of psychotherapy. I show how various philosophical consolations were underpinned by an understanding of the power of pain to continually return and overwhelm the individual. I show further that the Greek romances engage in a type of talking cure: the novels use narration and story-telling to help assert the protagonists’ distance from their past traumatic experiences and, thus, allow the individual to overcome their painful past.

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Lira, Emma y Frida Svahn. "Lidande vid palliativ vård : En litteraturstudie om cancerpatienters upplevelser". Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hälsa, vård och välfärd, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-42733.

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Bakgrund: Det palliativa vårdandets utgångspunkt är att lindra lidandet för patienter. Patienter med obotliga cancersjukdomar uppger att sjuksköterskor har en betydande roll i deras bearbetning av lidande. Problem: Utan ökad kunskap om lidande för patienter med obotlig cancersjukdom i palliativ vård, ges inte sjuksköterskor tillräckliga förutsättningar att möta patienterna i deras lidande. Syfte: Att beskriva hur patienter med cancersjukdom i palliativ vård upplever lidande. Metod: En litteraturstudie med beskrivande syntes. Resultat: Analysen av tio artiklar genererade två teman och fyra subteman. Det första temat är när cancern tar över kroppen och det andra temat är existentiella behov. Under dessa teman bildades fyra subteman: att förlora kontrollen, att känna fysisk smärta, att tvivla och tappa hoppet samt att ha tro och hitta tröst. Slutsats: Patienters lidande behöver ses utifrån fysiska, psykiska, psykosociala och existentiella behov för att nå optimal lindring av lidande. Ökad förståelse för patienters lidande vid en obotlig cancer inom palliativ vård kan generera sjuksköterskor som kan lindra deras lidande bättre.
Background: The aim of palliative care is to alleviate suffering for the patients. Patients with incurable cancer diseases state that nurses have a significant role in processing their suffering. Problem: Without increased knowledge of suffering for patients with incurable cancer disease in palliative care, nurses are not given sufficient prerequisites to meet patients in their suffering. Aim: To describe how patients with cancer in palliative care experience suffering. Method: A literature study with descriptive synthesis. Result: The analysis of ten articles generated two themes and four subthemes. One theme is when the cancer takes over the body and the other theme is existential needs. Under these themes, four subthemes were formed: losing control, feeling physical pain, doubting and losing hope and the last subtheme having faith and finding comfort. Conclusion: Patients suffering needs to be seen from physical, psychological, psychosocial and existential need to achieve optimal relief of suffering. Increased understanding of patients suffering in an incurable cancer in palliative care can generate nurses who can relieve their suffering better.

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Pettersson, Nils y Matilda Häggström. "Anestesisjuksköterskans åtgärder inför den postoperativa vården : En journalgranskningsstudie med fokus på smärta, illamående och vårdtid hos patienter som genomgått Gastric Bypass-operationer". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för folkhälso- och vårdvetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-324892.

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Bakgrund: Nästan hälften av alla vuxna svenskar är överviktiga eller lider av fetma vilket tillsammans med dess följdsjukdomar kostar samhället flera miljarder kronor per år. Trots att behandlande överviktsoperationer (främst gastric bypass [GBP]) blir allt vanligare i Sverige, är patientens hälsotillstånd intra-, och postoperativt relativt outforskat vad gäller smärta, postoperativt illamående och kräkning [PONV], vårdtid samt det ökande lidandet detta medför. Syfte och Metod: Syftet är att beskriva mängden analgetika och antiemetika som ges till patienter som genomgår GBP-operationer, från premedicinering till utskrivning på den postoperativa vårdavdelningen. Vidare undersöks om anestesisjuksköterskan positivt kan påverka den postoperativa vården med avseende på smärtlindring, PONV och vårdtid då detta kopplas till lidande. En kvantitativ deskriptiv retrospektiv journalgranskningsstudie gällande totalt 68 patienter genomfördes. Resultat: Gavs lokalanestetika i operationssåret under operation minskade både behovet av analgetika postoperativt (p<0,05) och den postoperativa vårdtiden (p<0,05). Om antiemetika gavs intraoperativt minskade användningen av antiemetika postoperativt (p<0,001). Ju större dos antiemetika/kg/min som gavs intraoperativt desto kortare tid på den postoperativa vårdavdelningen (p<0,001). Detta gällde oavsett om patienten fått lokalanestetika (p<0,01) eller inte (p<0,05). Slutsats: Anestesisjuksköterskan har stora möjligheter att på flera plan positivt påverka tiden direkt efter operation. Intraoperativ administrering av lokalanestetika och antiemetika har avgörande roller för den fortsatta vården hos patienter som genomgår GBP-operationer, både vad gäller smärta, PONV, vårdtid och det lidande som detta kan medföra. Antiemetika doseras till synes enligt rutin och inte i förhållande till vikt, men ger viktberoende effekter. Mer forskning inom området efterfrågas.
Objectives: Almost 50 % of Swedish adults are overweight or obese, which costs the society billions annually. Although surgical treatments of obesity (primarily gastric bypass [GBP]) are increasing in Sweden, the patient's perioperative health status are relatively unexplored in terms of pain, postoperative nausea and vomiting [PONV], length of postoperative observation ward [POW] stay and the increasing suffering this entails. The authors aim to describe the amount of perioperative analgesics and antiemetics that GBP patients receive, and investigate how the nurse anesthetist can affect the postoperative care. Method: A quantitative descriptive retrospective study with a total of 68 patients was conducted. Result: The need for postoperative analgesics (p<.05) and the length of stay in the POW (p<.05) were both reduced whenever local anesthetics were given during surgery. If antiemetics were given intraoperatively, the use of antiemetics postoperatively was reduced; (p<.001). A greater intraoperative dose antiemetic/kg/minute reduced the length of stay in the POW (p<.001) regardless whether the patients received local anesthetics (p<.01) or not (p<.05). Conclusion: The nurse anesthetist can positively impact the immediate time after surgery. Intraoperative administration of antiemetics and local anesthetics have crucial roles for the continued care of the GBP patient in terms of suffering connected to pain, PONV and length of stay in the POW. Antiemetics are seemingly dosed based on a routine and not on the patient's weight. More research in this area are requested.

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Laskey, Joanne Margaret. "Holistic strategies for clients suffering from chronic pain (CP) using transdisciplinary communication : a portrait of the insights and experiences of participants in the early stages of developing a chronic pain program by collaborating between independently operating practitioners in a local community". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/20721.

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Chronic pain (CP) affects millions of people and costs billions of dollars a year (Koch, 2012). The biopsychosocial approach understands that CP is caused by a complex interaction between cognitive, emotional, physical and social factors (Young, 2010). However modern health care is often fragmented leaving choices to clients (Scott, Ruef, Mendel, & Caronna, 2000). Often clients with CP don't receive or seek psychological interventions for a DSM 5 (APA, 2000) classifiable condition. This study focused on an independently operating physiotherapist in the planning phases of developing a holistic intervention at her wellness centre. The goal of the research was to capture a portrait of the insights and experiences of participants in the early phases of planning transdisciplinary teamwork. Thus a qualitative research design was employed to capture the rich subjective experiences and insights of the participants. The physiotherapist selected the sample of: 5 clients, 4 health professionals, and 3 supportive professionals. Together they attempted to create a holistic strategy for CP. Three types of qualitative data collection were used namely: interviews, focus and collaborative learning groups. Data analysis followed Braun and Clark's (2006) six-phase guide. The aim of this study was to encourage change in the local context and to inspire others in different context to attempt holistic practice. The study found that implementing holistic teamwork was a lengthy and challenging process. Theory underlying treatment needed to be defined first and it was hard to reach consensus. Strategizing for holistic work was challenging, as it did not just involve combining treatments but creating an individual systemic non-linear process. Good communication was vital to the process and this again involved time, which was is not covered by medical aids. In terms of strategy what was highlighted is that the client needed to change their way of relating to their CP, as although sensory pain may not be diminished the suffering of the client would decrease. Of interest was whether CP was a new culture bound form of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) resembling our modern trauma's as much of the descriptions about CP matched PTSD symptomology. Further more focused study on each of the broad areas covered as well as the involvement of specialised expertise in the areas of ethics, and business management would be needed to commence transdisciplinary holistic teamwork.

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49

Brown, Cynthia. "Hope and quality of life in hospice patients with cancer". [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0001331.

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Ismail, Asha y Eleonore Sanhaji. "Att leva med långvarig smärta". Thesis, Ersta Sköndal högskola, Institutionen för vårdvetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:esh:diva-5373.

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Background: Chronic pain is a common and occurring disease that creates pain and suffering for many people. The painful experience is individually unique and is affected by many different factors. The insufficient knowledge regarding the assessment of chronic pain makes it difficult to abate the suffering from the individuals. Nurses´ perception and comprehension about chronic pain may hinder them from listening to the patient´s need. The nurse creates conditions for a functioning dialogue. An increased understanding from a patient´s point of view is necessary in order to comprehend the patient´s need. Aim: The aim is to highlight the experiences of people living with chronic pain. Method: This literature review is influenced by Friberg (2012). 12 qualitative scientific articles were obtained and analyzed from three different databases. Results: The result demonstrates two main categories with related sub-categories. The first category highlights how pain affects peoples´physical, emotional, social and existential aspects when the pain takes over. The latter describes how people manage the pain through strategies and acceptance. Discussion: The result is discussed from Armstrong´s symptoms experience model that demonstrates that people living with chronic pain gives meaning to their experience of pain in various ways, which may tend to give positive and negative impact in their daily life. Moreover, the result connects to Ericsson´s concepts regarding the Caring Science such as, suffering in illness, life, and healthcare. It also describes the theory of a person in suffering which can affect the individual as a whole.
Bakgrund: Långvarig smärta är vanligt förekommande och skapar ett lidande hos människor. Smärtupplevelsen är unik för varje individ och påverkas av många olika faktorer. Otillräcklig kunskap i bedömningen av långvarig smärta medför svårigheter i att lindra lidande. Sjuksköterskors föreställningar om smärta kan vara hinder för att lyssna på patienten. Sjuksköterskan skapar förutsättningar för en väl fungerande dialog. En ökad förståelse för patientens perspektiv är nödvändigt för att förstå patientens behov. Syfte: Syftet är att belysa människors upplevelser av att leva med långvarig smärta. Metod: Metoden är en litteraturöversikt influerad av Friberg (2012). 12 kvalitativa vetenskapliga artiklar inhämtade ur tre olika databaser har analyserats. Resultat: Resultatet presenterar två huvudkategorier med tillhörande underkategorier. Den första huvudkategorin: När smärtan tar över belyser hur smärta påverkar människor ur fysiska, psykiska, sociala och existentiella aspekter. Den andra huvudkategorin: Vägen till att kunna hantera smärtan uppmärksammar människors sätt att hantera smärtan genom strategier och acceptans. Diskussion: Resultatet diskuteras utifrån Armstrongs symtomupplevelsemodell som visar att människor ger mening åt smärtupplevelser på olika sätt, vilket kan medföra en positiv eller negativ inverkan i deras liv. Vidare knyts resultatet till Erikssons vårdvetenskapliga begrepp: sjukdomslidande, livslidande och vårdlidande samt teorin om den lidande människan som beskriver att smärtan kan påverka människan som helhet.

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