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1
Bartolomé, de la Peña Rafael. "Evolución tectónica del margen continental oeste de México: Fosa Mesoamericana y Golfo de California (CORTES-P96)". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/1927.
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El contexto geodinámico y tectónico del margen oeste de México se engloba dentro del régimen general de subducción de la placa oceánica del Pacífico bajo el continente Norteamericano (margen activo). El oeste mexicano comprende en el norte un margen transformante formado por un conjunto de zonas de expansión. Este enjambre de fallas de salto en dirección supone el límite de las placas Pacífico-Norteamericana entre los 32º N y los 23º N. Entre 23º N y 19º N y con una velocidad relativa de convergencia de 2.0 cm/año (Pardo et al., 1995) se sitúa la dorsal Pacífico-Rivera (Pacific Rivera Rise, PRR), que confina el límite entre las placas de Rivera y Pacífico. Entorno a los 21º N se encuentra el extremo septentrional de la fosa mesoamericana (MAT), donde se alcanzan profundidades de 6000 m y la zona de colisión y subducción de la microplaca de Rivera y la placa de Cocos respectivamente.
En la campaña CORTES-P96 se adquirieron nuevos datos de sísmica multicanal (MCS) y de gran ángulo, gravimetría, batimetría, sonografías y magnetismo que incluyen las zonas de contacto entre el Bloque de Jalisco y la zona de fractura Rivera, hasta la terminación norte de la zona de fractura de Tamayo en el extremo sur de Baja California.
La integración de estos datos geofísicos nos ha permitido deducir la estructura litosférica, mejorando la comprensión de la dinámica de la subducción en la MAT y definiendo las características principales de la corteza. Además, se ha condicionado un modelo geodinámico que ajusta los valores gravimétricos de la zona y la localización temporal de algunos eventos gracias al estudio de las anomalías magnéticas de expansión oceánica.
El análisis del primer segundo de los perfiles de MCS ha permitido obtener imágenes del BSR (Bottom Simulating Reflector), un reflector anómalo que está asociado a un cambio de polaridad en la señal sísmica originado por la presencia de hidratos de gas (de composición mayoritariamente de metano). Los datos MCS nos han permitido cartografiar la zona que contiene BSR. Además, el análisis cuantitativo de la señal sísmica ha permitido la obtención del coeficiente de reflexión, la estructura de la velocidad y el gradiente térmico.
El estudio conjunto de los datos MCS y de gran ángulo nos proporciona la caracterización de la estructura crustal profunda. Se ha identificado un prisma de acreción de 20 km de extensión con una velocidad para las ondas P de 3.5 km/s. La subducción se observa alrededor de los 6s (dtr), en todos los perfiles multicanal. La placa que subduce muestra un ángulo variable de sur a norte, mostrando promedio de 9º. La placa oceánica de Rivera tiene un grosor máximo de 9 km. La velocidad del manto superior bajo la placa en subducción es de 7.8 km/s.
Al noroeste de la placa de Rivera, hacia las islas Tres Marías, la interpretación conjunta de datos incluyendo sonografías, anomalías gravimétricas y distribución de velocidades parece indicar que el límite continental-oceánico está más cerca de Baja California de lo que previamente se pensaba, mostrando una asimetría clara respecto del EPR y mostrando una extensa zona de transición, que se inicia al sureste del MMR y continua hacia el oeste del margen de México. Los datos magnéticos nos permiten controlar la edad del basamento oceánico. La anomalía magnética más antigua detectada ha sido la 2A (3.5 Ma). El grosor medio de la corteza oceánica alrededor del EPR es de 6 km, con un rápido crecimiento hacia el extremo sur de Baja California. Hacia el sureste el engrosamiento es más gradual alcanzando grosores entre 8-10 km bajo el MMR, y 15 km en el final del margen.
During the CORTES-P96 project a new multichannel (MCS) and wide-angle seismic, potential fields (gravity and magnetics), bathymetry, and backscatter data were achieved along the Jalisco Block and the RFz (Pto. Vallarta) until the northern termination of the Tamayo Fracture zone in the southern tip of Baja California.
The integration of bathymetric, MCS and wide-angle seismic, together with gravity and seismicity data allows us to determine the west Mexican lithospheric structure in a pseudo 3D image and the 2D equivalents, improving the geodynamic comprehension of the subducting plates in the MAT, and defining the main crustal characteristics of the collision zone.
The analysis of 1s (twtt) in the MCS profiles allows us to clearly imaged the BSR. From the seismic signal analysis we work out the reflection coefficient, the velocity profile and the thermal gradient.
MCS and wide-angle data characterize the deep crustal structure. We clearly imaged an accretionary prism of 20 km of extension with P-wave velocity of around 3.5 km/s. The overriding oceanic plate subducts with a variable angle from south to north, showing a mean deep angle of 9º +/-2º. This oceanic crust (Rivera plate) has a mean thickness of 4 km, and is located beneath a low velocity layer of 3.3-3.9 km/s, which seems to be a typical feature of the MAT. In most of the MCS profiles the subduction plane is observed around 6 s (twtt), and a strong reflection which we interpret as a Moho discontinuity is detected at 8s.
Northwest of Rivera Plate, close to Tres Marias Islands, a join interpretation of the various dataset indicate that the continental-oceanic boundary is closer to the Baja California that previously was thought, showing an EPR asymmetry that indicates a transition zone starting southeast of Maria Magdalena Rise and extends to the west margin of Mexico. The magnetic data have been used to control the age of the oceanic basement. The average thickness of the oceanic crust around the EPR is 6 km. Towards the southeast the thickness gradually reaches values between 8-10 km beneath the MMR, and 15 km at the end of the margin.
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Davies, Michael I. "High temperature nanoindentation characterisation of P91 and P92 steel". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2013. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/13233/.
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Modern demands in power generation call for higher efficiencies from every area of the power plant. One aspect of this is a drive to increase plant operating temperatures placing higher demand on structural materials. P91 and P92 are two steels commonly used in steam pipes. In order to accurately predict the service lifetime of components, mechanical properties at operating temperatures are critical. In particular properties of material around weld fusion joints are of interest as it is in these regions where failures occur. Conventional techniques such as Vicker’s hardness testing and uniaxial tensile testing are used to characterise the mechanical properties and creep behaviour of bulk materials. These techniques are often used to determine the properties of P91 and P92 parent and weld materials, the limitation of these techniques is that they require large volumes of material. They are therefore unable to determine differences in properties through the heat affected zone of the parent material which is typically only a few millimetres across. Nanoindentation is a technique which offers a potential solution to this problem. It was developed in order to examine the properties of thin films and small material volumes. In recent years several approaches have been developed to perform nanoindentation experiments at elevated temperature. These approaches have been examined in order to establish which provides the best thermal stability for high temperature nanoindentation measurements. This technique has then been used to perform high temperature nanoindentation experiments to determine the mechanical properties and creep behaviour of P91 and P92 steel. The correlation between nanoindentation measurements on bulk materials and those obtained using conventional methods is examined. In particular the significance of creep stress exponents calculated from nanoindentation dwell data is discussed. Nanoindentation is then used to characterise the heat affected zone of a weld, giving clear indications of the effects of microstructural differences on the material properties.
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Kander, Jan. "Kinetika šíření únavových trhlin v ocelích P91 a P92". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-442745.
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The main subject of this master’s thesis was to evalute inluence of loading cycle asymmetry and long-term thermal exposure on fatigue crack growth rate in martensitic P91 and P92 steels. Experiments were carried out in Material and metallurgical research Ostrava Ltd. and their main aim was to study the influences of different loading cycle asymmetries (R = 0,1 and R = 0,6) as well as 5000 hours/600 °C (P91) respectively 5000 hours/650 °C (P92) of thermal exposure on fatigue crack growth rate.
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Saber, Mohammed. "Experimental and finite element studies of creep and creep crack growth in P91 and P92 weldments". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2011. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12197/.
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P91 and P92 steels are two ASTM grades of steel which have been used in high temperature applications, such as fossil-fuelled power stations, nuclear power stations and chemical plants. Operating under creep conditions, i.e. high temperature and/or high stress, the welds made from these steels are potential failure locations and, therefore, life limiting for the entire plant. In this thesis, the results of creep and creep crack growth (CCG) tests, which were carried out on P91 and P92 welds, are reported. These tests were carried out on welds constituents, i.e. parent materials (PM) and weld metal (WM), and across-welds, for the P91 material at 650°C and for the P92 material at 675°C. For the cross-weld tests, interest was focused on the Type IV region, a narrow zone at one end of the heat affected zone (HAZ) at the side of the PM. Also reported, in this thesis, are the results of the Finite Element analyses for predicting the creep and creep crack growth in the P91 and P92 materials. For the P91 material, CCG tests were carried out on PM and cross-weld CT specimens, at 650°C. The results of the CCG tests for P91 show that the CCG rates for the cross-weld CT specimens are about ten times higher than those for the PM specimens. For P92, uniaxial and notched bar creep tests were carried out on the PM and WM, at 675°C. Cross-weld uniaxial, notched bar and waisted specimens were also tested in order to characterise the creep behaviour of the P92 HAZ material. Impression creep tests were also carried out on the P92 HAZ material. The results of the CCG tests for P92 show that the CCG rates for the cross-weld CT specimens are about two times higher than these for the PM CT specimens. The fracture mechanics parameter, C*, was used to correlate the CCG rates in the P91 and P92 CT specimens. The load line displacement rates and the CCG data, for the CT specimens, were used to calculate C* values according to ASTM E 1457-00 (2001). The Reference Stress was also found to correlate the CCG rates in the P91 CT specimens. Further, FE analyses were carried out to obtain the values of C*, based on the steady state value of the contour integral C(t). Stationary crack and growing crack CT models were used to obtain the C* values. Damage mechanics theory and equations were used to predict the creep and CCG for the P91 and P92 materials using the commercial FE package, ABAQUS. Both the Kachanov and the Liu and Murakami damage models were used. In order to use these models, material properties have to be determined. The results of creep and creep rupture tests were used to determine those properties. It was found that both damage models could be used to predict the creep behaviour of the tested materials. However, the Liu and Murakami model was favoured over the Kachanov model in predicting the CCG in the CT specimens. The effect of the material multiaxiality is also highlighted.
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Fiegenbaum, Fernanda. "Estudo da compatibilização das blendas PP/PA6 e PA6/EPR". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/14860.
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Neste trabalho foi feita uma avaliação da compatibilização das blendas de Polipropileno (PP)/Poliamida-6 (PA6) e das blendas Poliamida-6/Borracha Etileno- Propileno (EPR). No primeiro sistema, foi utilizando como agente compatibilizante o PP funcionalizado Polybond 3002 e no segundo sistema, foi utilizando o EPR funcionalizado como agente compatibilizante. As blendas binárias PP/PA6 foram preparadas nas proporções 70/30 e as misturas ternárias PP/PP-MA/PA6 nas proporções 65/5/30, ambas foram processadas em Extrusora Haake Rheomex PTW e Extrusora Haake Rheomex CTW100p. A blenda binária PA6/EPR foi preparada na proporção 70/30 e a blenda ternária PA6/EPR-MA/EPR na proporção 70/25 e processadas em Reômetro de torque Haake Polylab com módulo misturador interno fechado. O gente compatibilizante EPR-MA foi funcionalizado em Extrusora Haake Rheomex PTW utilizando concentração de anidrido maleico (MA) de 1% e de 0,1% do iniciador Luperox. As blendas obtidas foram caracterizadas por Calorimetria Diferencial de Varredura (DSC), Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV), análises Termodinâmico Mecânica (DMTA), análises reológicas além de análise mecânica. Alguns resultados passaram por uma análise estatística através do teste t para uma melhor confiabilidade nos resultados apresentados no trabalho. Os resultados mostraram que a adição do agente compatibilizante PP-MA e EPRMA provoca uma alteração na morfologia das blendas, apresentando uma melhor miscibilidade e redução do tamanho das partículas dispersas. Além disso, as análises térmicas, dinâmico-mecânicas e reológicas demonstraram um indício da interação entre as fases causado pela compatibilização. A análise mecânica das blendas PP/PA6 mostrou um melhor desempenho das blendas ternárias em comparação as blendas binárias.In this work an evaluation of the compatibilization of the Polypropylene (PP)/Polyamide-6 (PA6) blends and Polyamide-6/Ethylene-Propylene Rubber (EPR) blends was carried out. A funcionalized PP and a funcionalized EPR were used as compatibilizer agent in the first and second systems, respectively. The binary blends PP/PA6 were prepared in the proportions 70/30 and the ternary mixtures PP/PP-MA/PA6 in the proportions 65/5/30, both in Haake Rheomex PTW Extruder and Haake Rheomex CTW100p Extruder. The binary blend PA6/EPR was prepared in the proportion 70/30 and the ternary blend PA6/EPR-MA/EPR in the proportion 70/5/25, using a Haake Polylab Rheometer with internal mixer module. The compatibilizer agent EPR-MA was prepared in a Haake Rheomex PTW Extruder functionalized with 1 wt % of maleic anhydride (MA) as grafting agent and 0.1% of Luperox as initiator. The obtained blends were characterized for Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analysis (DMTA), roational rheometry and mechanical properties measurements. When necessary the significance of the differences among samples was statically analyzed using a t test. The results showed that the addition of the compatibilizer agents PP-MA and EPRMA provokes an alteration in the morphology of the blends, increasing miscibility and reducing the size of the dispersed phase particles. Besides, the dynamic-mechanical thermal and rheological analyses indicate interaction between the phases caused by the compatibilization. The mechanical analysis of the blends PP/PA6 showed a better performance of the ternary blends in comparison to the binary blends.
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Guckelberg, Bruce William. "Believers' demonization, a doctrinal evaluation". Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN) Access this title online, 2005. http://www.tren.com/search.cfm?p096-0003.
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Lemke, Lenard C. "Understanding the motivation of church planters in Crimea, Ukraine". Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN) Access this title online, 2005. http://www.tren.com/search.cfm?p096-0004.
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Roeder, Jerusa. "Blendas PP/PA6 compatibilizadas". Florianópolis, SC, 2001. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/81726.
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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência e Engenharia de MateriaisMade available in DSpace on 2012-10-19T07:13:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0Bitstream added on 2014-09-25T21:46:19Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 182972.pdf: 25091202 bytes, checksum: a180a027ce2bc40c1b5d75acf0259bc3 (MD5)
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Baird, David. "Zeitgeist incarnate : a theological interpretation of postapocalyptic zombie fiction". Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/16978.
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This thesis attempts to take seriously the claims made by many postapocalyptic zombie narratives to represent the world as it truly is, analyzing and then assessing the theological value of their depictions of the human predicament. The approach is both formal and what Gary Wolfe calls transmedial, examining the recurring narrative structures and themes of texts across several media and eras as part of 'a popular aesthetic movement and not just a body of works of fiction on similar themes', with special attention given to the films and television of the new millennium. The aim is twofold: to extend the relevance of postapocalyptic zombie fictions beyond the relatively narrow vogue of a cultural moment, and to prompt a richer appreciation of the significance of the Christian faith within contemporary society. To this end, Chapter One contextualizes the complexity of these texts' relationship to Christianity by examining first the most prominent obstacles and then the implicit promise of these texts for theological reflection. It places special emphasis on the interior tension in many of these fictions between, on the one hand, aggressively emphasizing the apparent absence of the supernatural, while on the other, frequently claiming to disclose a dimension of human experience in excess of what can be ordinarily perceived by the senses. Chapters Two and Three extend this analysis to the complex content of what these stories depict. Chapter Two considers the multilayered symbolism of decline in their conspicuous spectacles of disaster, disintegration, and death. Chapter Three examines the countervailing symbolic motifs of residual integrity and regeneration that are exhibited most prominently by characters who attempt to live genuinely human lives in spite of these circumstances. The first half of the thesis concludes by proposing a composite postapocalyptic view of the human predicament, which represents the world as ambiguous, dramatic and quite possibly, although not certainly, absurd. Chapter Four begins the theological reflection upon this kind of postapocalyptic perspective, proposing how such depictions might be illuminated by Christian theological descriptions, particularly the absurd existential circumstances brought about by the original sin. Chapter Five, reciprocally, suggests some of the ways the dramatic images of these texts might enrich theological reflection by eliciting fresh insights into the significance of the central mysteries of Christianity, especially the paradoxical already-and-not-yet of eschatological expectation. The thesis concludes by offering a final evaluation of whether, all told, the world can be truly considered postapocalyptic from a Christian perspective, arguing that although there are significant differences, postapocalyptic fictions and Christianity put forward strikingly similar pictures of the deeply self-conflicted circumstances of the common human predicament.
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Duchovnay, Alan. "Comparative Electrochemistry, Electronic Absorption Spectroscopy and Spectroelectrochemistry of the Monometallic Ruthenium Polypyridyl Complexes, [Ru(Bpy)(Dpb)2](Pf6)2, [Ru(Bpy)2(Dpb)](Pf6)2, [Ru(Bpy)2(Dpq)](Pf6)2, [Ru(Bpy)(Dpq)2](Pf6)2". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31917.
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The novel compound [Ru(bpy)(dpb)â (PFâ )â was synthesized, in a manner similar to the literature synthesis of [Ru(bpy)(dpq)â (PFâ )â . For the sake of completeness, the related analogs, [Ru(bpy)â (dpb)](PFâ )â , [Ru(bpy)â (dpq)](PFâ )â and [Ru(bpy)(dpq)â ](PFâ )â were also synthesized. Alumina adsorption chromatography was used for purification purposes. Liquid secondary ion mass spectroscopy was used to confirm identity of compounds. The new compound contained 1% electroactive impurity as determined by OSWV. Spectroelectrochemical studies were conducted with both a bulk H-cell and a ~0.2 mm pathlength, optically transparent thin layer electrode (OTTLE) cell. High reversibility (a 99%) is possible with dilute solutions (ca 10⠻⠴ M) and the OTTLE cell as compared to ca 50% with the H-cell. Spectroelectrochemical data supported the following electronic transitions for the new compound [Ru(bpy)(dpb)â ](PFâ )â : (1) the Ru (dÏ ) â dpb MLCT at 552 nm, (2) a d â d at 242 nm, a bpy Ï â Ï * at 285 nm. (3) The location of the Ru (dÏ ) â bpy MLCT peak is obscured by shoulders from 390-420 nm. (4) The strong peak at 316 nm may be dpb Ï â Ï â *, the location of the lower energy intraligand dpb Ï â Ï â * is uncertain. Upon oxidation of the metal center, no LMCT was observed within the UV-VIS range. This is in direct contrast to the results of Gordon et al. This author hypothesizes that their LMCT found in the visible region was actually the result of incomplete electrochemical conversion and that a LMCT should be seen in the NIR. The spectroelectrochemical properties of [Ru(bpy)(dpq)â ](PFâ )â were also presented for the first time. These results indicated that the 256 nm transition was d â d and not bpy Ï â Ï â * as suggested by Rillema et al.Master of Science
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Briggs, Louise Clare. "Biochemical studies of P97 AAA ATPase". Thesis, Imperial College London, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/11495.
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Kohlar, Stefanie. "Gefüge und Eigenschaften des warmfesten Chromstahls P91". Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:d120-qucosa-229778.
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Aufgabenstellung:
Aus einem Rohrstück des Materials P91 soll nach der Erarbeitung eines Probenplans zunächst das Gefüge in allen 3 Orientierungen metallographisch charakterisiert werden. Anschließend wird das Material mechanisch - technologisch sowie bruchmechanisch und fraktographisch untersucht. Die daraus erhaltenen Werkstoffkennwerte sollen mit dem Gefüge und dem fraktographischen Befund in Beziehung gesetzt werden.
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Fasahat, F., R. Dastjerdi y M. R. M. Mojtahedi. "Thermophysiological Comfort by PA6/TiO2 Nanocomposite Yarns". Thesis, Sumy State University, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/35603.
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Thermophysiological comfort is one of the most important factors for people to choose desirable gar-ments, which can be evaluated via measuring permeability of body heat and sweat. In this paper the water vapor permeability of nanocomposite nylon 6 fabrics produced from melt spun nanocomposite yarns with different TiO2 nanoparticle concentrations have been investigated. Results from measuring water vapor permeability at different environment temperatures for 4 h. indicated that sample with 0.4 wt% of TiO2 nanoparticle can provide fabric with maximum comfort properties. At low temperature 27.5% decline of permeability as compared to pure fabric causes this sample to protect body from cool weather through pre-venting loss of body heat. By increasing temperature from 12 to 35 oC water vapor permeability enhance-ment of nanocomposite improved about 99% as compared to pure one. Consequently nanocomposite with suitable nanoparticle content can provide more comfortable fabrics in different temperatures and applica-tions.
When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/35603
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Yau, Alvin. "Mechanical characteristics of PA6-monmorillonite [i.e. montmorillonite] nanocomposites". access abstract and table of contents access full-text, 2004. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/ezdb/dissert.pl?msc-ap-b21175226a.pdf.
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Thesis (M.Sc.)--City University of Hong Kong, 2004.At head of title: City University of Hong Kong, Department of Physics and Materials Science, Master of Science in materials engineering & nanotechnology dissertation. Title from title screen (viewed on Sept. 4, 2006) Includes bibliographical references.
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Heubes, Simone. "The AAA-ATPase p97 in mitosis and fertilization". Diss., lmu, 2007. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-76361.
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Kloppsteck, Jan Patrik. "Structural and functional studies of p97 adaptor interactions". Thesis, Imperial College London, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.539279.
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Law, Bic-fai Fian y 羅璧輝. "The role of p16 gene in oesophageal carcinoma". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31970126.
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Peravali, Sudhakar. "Anisotropic creep and damage behaviour of P91 weldments". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.444652.
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Sailan, Ahmad Tarmidi. "HPV and p16 in head and neck cancer". Thesis, University of Dundee, 2010. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/b5f54490-758e-4aaa-9cc4-3de043c4c9ce.
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There is some evidence to suggest that human papilloma virus (HPV) may play a causal role in head and neck carcinoma (HNSCC). The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of HPV DNA in HNSCC and to determine whether any correlation exists with p16 or survival. An initial pilot study of sixty formalin-fixed HNSCC was carried out in order to optimise the methodology for the PCR and immunohistochemistry. A further 84 benign lesions, 12 dysplasias and additional 80 HNSCC were also included. In the pilot study the prevalence of all HPV types was 67% of which 18% were high risk-HPV (HR-HPV) and for the combined carcinoma sample it was 59% of which 25% were HR-HPV. The overall HPV prevalence was 51% and 42% for benign lesions and dysplasias with HR-HPV accounting for 14% and 8% respectively. A total of four alpha HPV types were identified and eleven beta HPV types. Multiple HPV types co-existed in the same tissue and in some cases both alpha and beta HPV. The results may suggest that HR-HPV may play a role in a small subset of HNSCC. An association was found between HPV status and gender, age group, survival, nodal metastasis and T3 tumour size and smoking. HPV16 was predominantly present in female patients and was associated with an improved overall survival and recurrence free survival. p16 positivity varied from 76-78% in carcinomas, 51% in benign lesions and 66% in dysplasias. p16 status was not associated with disease recurrence or nodal metastasis. Positive p16 staining and high staining intensity was associated with a poorer overall survival and the male gender, an older age group, anatomic site, and T2 tumour size. Overall HPV status was not correlated with p16 expression but a correlation found between p16 and HPV16 may suggest that p16 could potentially act as a surrogate marker of HPV16. However, the lack of concordance would suggest that in isolation p16 may not be a reliable marker for HR-HPV and should not be relied upon in isolation. Our findings could suggest that HPV16 and p16 status may be independent predictors for prognosis and disease recurrence.
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Quesnel, Bruno. "Gene p16 ink4a , p15 ink4b, et hemopathies malignes". Lille 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIL2T009.
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Fasahat, F., R. Dastjerdi y M. R. M. Dastjerdi. "Abrasion Resistance of Ag/SiO2/PA6 Nanocomposite Fabrics". Thesis, Sumy State University, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/35638.
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In recent decades, polymeric nanocomposites have been widely used in chemical, automobile and aero industries due to their low weight and smoothness. Abrasion resistance is a vital property in variable ap-plications of polymeric composites. Here, to investigate the wear resistance of nylon 6 nanocomposite fab-rics, melt spun yarns were filled with different concentrations of Ag/SiO2 nanoparticles and the wear prop-erties of weft knitted nanocomposite and pure samples were evaluated. Results disclosed that the wear re-sistance of composite fabrics containing nano-particles increased considerably in comparison to pure one. Therefore, nanoparticles can play an important role in improving the nanocomposite wear resistance.
When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/35638
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Umar, Muneer. "Processing, structure and properties of PA6/carbon composites". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/processing-structure-and-properties-of-pa6carbon-composites(8573d69a-e4f1-4ea9-99ef-edabc141da45).html.
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The aim of this research was to study the structure-property relationships of polyamide 6 (PA6) micro- and nanocomposites produced using two particulate carbon fillers; namely graphite, G, and graphite nanoplatelet, GNP. The GNP and G are similar in lateral dimensions, but differ greatly in their thickness (by at least an order of magnitude), the size-scale of which defines G as a micron-scale filler and GNP as a nano-scale filler, and consequently, the specific surface area available for matrix interaction and the aspect ratio of each filler also differed significantly. Size scale was considered in the choice of processes to incorporate the G and GNP into a PA6 matrix. Firstly, in situ polymerisation using anionic polymerisation of epsilon caprolactam (EC), which enabled polymer/carbon interactions on the molecular scale and, secondly, melt extrusion using commercial grade PA6 as the matrix. For the G-based studies, composites with at least five stepwise incorporations between 5-25 wt. % loading were produced; whereas GNP was incorporated at loadings an order of magnitude lower (0.5-2.5 wt. %) reflecting their difference in size-scale. For both G and GNP, composites were produced via in situ polymerisation and by melt processing using a Haake Minilab bench-scale twin screw extruder, (TSE) in two groups which compare the effects of processing conditions. In in situ polymerisation, processing conditions designed to deliver the same sonication power were used and were coded as 40/10 (a sonication amplitude of 40% was applied for 10 minutes to disperse carbon filler in the molten EC) and 20/20 (sonication amplitude of 20% for 20 minutes). Similarly, in melt extrusion processing conditions designed to deliver the same strain magnitude were used and were coded as 200/3 (screw frequency of 200 rpm was applied for 3 minutes) and 100/6 (100 rpm for 6 minutes). A ninth G-based system (GL) was produced using an industrial lab-scale TSE for occasional cross-comparison with the bench-scale processed systems. All systems were characterised using thermal analysis (DSC, TGA, DMTA), tensile testing, impedance spectroscopy and electron microscopy. Overall, the best property increases were observed for the 20/20 processing conditions for the in situ polymerised systems and the 100/6 processing conditions for the melt extruded. The 20/20 in situ processing condition produced a dispersed state where particle aspect ratio was retained and less particle fragmentation occurred, the latter also giving higher reaction rates (and hence a higher molecular weight matrix) compared to the 40/10 processing conditions. In the in situ polymerised 20/20 GNP systems the best overall mechanical properties were obtained using the lowest loading applied, 0.5 GNP wt. For example, in tensile tests although addition of 0.5 GNP wt. % did not give the best tensile modulus, it gave the best tensile strength, yield stress and elongation at break. Tensile data also indicated that the dispersed states of the carbon fillers achieved using the 100/6 processing conditions are superior to that obtained using the 200/3 processing conditions. For example, tensile strength (TS) values increased above unfilled PA6 in the NP 100/6 system, where all the average TS values of the composites are higher than that of the unfilled PA6. In addition, in the G-based systems, it was only with the 100/6 processing condition that some TS values higher than the unfilled PA6 were obtained. Overall, despite the advantages in size scale of the GNP over G, the GNP nanocomposites did not consistently exhibit better properties since the growth in property values either increased slowly or fluctuated with GNP loading. In terms of electrical conductivity, with the exception of the GL system, where electrical conductivity sufficient for electrostatic applications was attained at 15 G wt. %, all other melt processed composites of both the G and GNP remained as electrical insulators with up to 50 G wt. % loading and 25 GNP wt. % loading in both the 200/3 and 100/6 processing conditions. For the in situ polymerised composites, however, electrical conductivity percolation thresholds values of <10 wt. % were measured in both the G and GNP composites, although GNP did not show a clear advantage over G despite the difference in their order size-scale.
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Law, Bic-fai Fian. "The role of p16 gene in oesophageal carcinoma". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B2342736X.
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Beauparlant, Stephen Lewis. "Functional characterization of the p97 adaptor protein UBXD1". Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2011. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/213118.
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Molecular Biology and GeneticsPh.D.
p97 is a member of the AAA family of proteins (ATPase Associated with various cellular Activities). It is a highly conserved and abundant protein and functions in numerous ubiquitin-mediated processes including ERAD. Endoplasmic Reticulum Associated Degradation is the process by which misfolded/ubiquitinated proteins translocate out of the ER and migrate to the proteasome for degradation. p97 maintains substrate misfolding and mediates its exit from the ER and trafficking to the 26S proteasome. It also plays important roles in protein trafficking, the cell-cycle, apoptosis and homeotypic Golgi Apparatus and Endoplasmic Reticulum membrane fusion after mitosis. In addition, p97 plays a role in the aggresome-autophagy degradation pathway, which handles the ubiquitin-mediated destruction of aggregate-prone, misfolded, cytosolic proteins. p97 mutation is the causative alteration in the disorder, IBMPFD, which is marked by defects in autophagy. This broad diversity of function is mediated through p97's interaction with a large group of adaptor proteins. Many of these adaptors harbor both p97 interaction motifs and ubiquitin association domains. However, more than half of known p97 adaptors do not. Their function is largely unknown. UBXD1 is one known adaptor for p97 that does not have a ubiquitin association domain (UBA), and has been shown to have decreased interaction with IBMPFD mutant p97R155H and p97A232E. Recently, it has been suggested to perform a role in protein trafficking, specifically in monoubiquitinated caveolin-1 internalization and trafficking to the endosome. A novel high abundance UBXD1 interacting partner has been identified via solution-based mass spectrometric analyses. ERGIC-53, the namesake of the ER-Golgi Intermediate Compartment, has been shown to be involved in bi-directional trafficking between the ER and Golgi. The association between UBXD1 and ERGIC-53 is unique among UBX family members. Deletional analysis has shown that unlike p97, the ERGIC-53-UBXD1 interaction takes place in the extreme amino terminus of UBXD1, (within the first 10 amino acids) which is predicted by computer modeling to form a hydrophobic binding pocket. Further site-directed mutagenesis work has clearly shown four amino acids (3 highly hydrophobic) are crucial for maintaining this interaction. They have been modeled to form a conserved alpha-helix. ßCOPI, a primary member of the COPI coatomer complex which is involved in protectively coating ERGIC-53 positive vesicles, is also thought to be involved with the ERGIC-53-UBXD1-p97 pathway. ßCOPI has been identified as a UBXD1-independent interactor with p97. Modest UBXD1 over- expression using a ponasterone inducible system has shown that UBXD1 modulates ERGIC-53 localization. Additionally, a functional link between UBXD1, p97 and ERGIC-53 in autophagy has been discovered through the use of a highly efficient, miR30-based, inducible knockdown system. Upon individual knockdown of UBXD1, p97 and ERGIC-53, autophagic markers p62 and LC3-II accumulate at relatively high levels in normal culture conditions, strongly suggesting a role in mediating basal autophagy. However, when placed under starvation conditions, autophagy progresses and p62 is degraded. It is speculated from these studies that a p97/UBXD1 complex plays a role in regulating the trafficking of ERGIC-53 positive vesicles and this activity plays an important role in autophagy.
Temple University--Theses
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Saker, Mirna. "Identification de l'ostéopontine comme facteur libéré par les cellules vasculaires sénescentes et son implication dans l'hypertension pulmonaire". Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PESC0047.
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Les cellules musculaires lisses de l'artère pulmonaire (PA-PSM) peuvent contribuer à la pathogenèse de l'hypertension pulmonaire (PH) en produisant des facteurs sécrétés.Objectif: explorer le rôle de PH de protéines de la matrice extracellulaire libéré par Les cellules musculaires lisses de l'artère pulmonaire sénescentes (PA-PSM)Méthodes et résultats:L'analyse Microarray de l'ADN de PA-CML humaine subir à la sénescence réplicative révélé une régulation positive de l'ostéopontine, qui médie l'effet stimulateur ,du médium et de la matrice de l'AP-SMC de sénescentes, sur la croissance et de la migration des cellules musculaires lisses de l'artère pulmonaire. Osteopontin était régulé à la hausse dans les poumons de patients atteints de BPCO et de patients hypertension artérielle pulmonaire idiopathique (HAPi). Prominent ostéopontine immunocoloration a été noté dans le PA-SMC qui a également colorée pour p16 dans les sites de l'hypertrophie vasculaireet les niveaux de l'ostéopontine pulmonaire étalaient étroitement corrélée avec l'âge. Comparativement aux jeunes souris avec des souris ont 1 an affiche des niveaux plus élevés d'ostéopontine du poumon, et la pression systolique ventriculaire droite (de RVSP), et la muscularisation vasculaires pulmonaires, et le nombre de PA-CML colorée pour p16 ou p21 et aussi pour l'ostéopontine.Aucun de ces changements avec l'âge étaient observée dans les souris ostéopontine - / -, qui a développé atténués PH pendant l'hypoxie.Comparé de culture PA-CML, les PA-CML de souris ont 1 ans qui proliféraient plus rapide que PA-CML de jeunes souris. Avec un taux de croissance rapide a été observée avec PA-CML de jeunes souris stimulées par matrice ou médium issu de les PA-CML de souris âgées. Différences entre les anciens jeune souris / PA-SMC taux de croissance étaient supprimée par des anticorps anti-ostéopontine.culture de la PA-CML de souris ostéopontine - / - a augmenté de plus lente que fait chez PA-SMC de souris sauvage et ces cellules ont été stimulés par le medium et la matrice de PA-CML de type sauvage et cet effet était plus fort avec PA-CML de souris âgés par apport de souris jeunes.Conclusion: Osteopontin est un médiateur clé libéré par PA-SMC sénescente et contribuer à la progression de la HTAPRationale: Senescent pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PA-SMCs) may contribute tothe pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension (PH) by producing secreted factors.Objective: To explore the role in PH of extracellular matrix proteins released by senescentPA-SMCsMethods and results: Microarray analysis of human PA-SMCs undergoing replicativesenescence revealed osteopontin upregulation, which mediated the stimulatory effect ofsenescent PA-SMC media and matrix on PA-SMC growth and migration. Osteopontin wasupregulated in lungs from patients with COPD or idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension(PAH). Prominent osteopontin immunostaining was noted in PA-SMCs that also stained forp16 at sites of vascular hypertrophy, and lung osteopontin levels correlated closely with age.Compared to younger mice, 1-year-old mice displayed higher lung osteopontin levels, rightventricular systolic pressure (RVSP), pulmonary vessel muscularization, and numbers ofPA-SMCs stained for p16 or p21 and also for osteopontin. No such changes with age wereobserved in osteopontin-/- mice, which developed attenuated PH during hypoxia. Comparedto cultured PA-SMCs from young mice, PA-SMCs from 1-year-old mice grew faster; asimilar fast growth rate was seen with PA-SMCs from young mice stimulated by matrix ormedia from old mice. Differences between old/young mouse PA-SMC growth rates weresuppressed by anti-osteopontin antibodies. PA-SMCs from osteopontin-/- mice grew moreslowly than did wild-type PA-SMCs; they were stimulated by wild-type PA-SMCs mediaand matrix, and this effect was stronger with PA-SMCs from older vs. younger mice.Conclusion: Osteopontin is a key mediator released by senescent PA-SMCs andcontributing to PH progression
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Hayama, Fábia Hiromi. ""Estudo da expressão da p16 em casos de líquen plano bucal"". Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/23/23139/tde-28082006-181239/.
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Realizar estudo imuno-histoquímico com os marcadores p16 e Ki-67 nas lesões de líquen plano bucal em pacientes assintomáticos e sintomáticos, verificando a presença e modo de marcação, analisando se existe correlação entre os resultados que possa indicar os riscos de transformação maligna. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: nove pacientes assintomáticos e 12 sintomáticos de líquen plano bucal. Cinco amostras de hiperplasia fibrosa inflamatória foram empregadas como grupo controle. Foram utilizados anticorpos p16 (pré-diluído BioSB/EUA) e Ki-67 (clone MIB-1 DAKO/EUA) pela técnica Envision Labelled (DAKO). Os resultados foram analisados de acordo com os parâmetros baseados no estudo de Klaes et al. (2001) avaliando a porcentagem de células marcadas, a distribuição pela camada epitelial e a intensidade da marcação. A análise estatística procedeu ao estudo do risco relativo entre pacientes assintomáticos e sintomáticos com relação ao local da expressão celular (nuclear, citoplasmática ou ambas), com as localizações mais prevalentes da lesão (mucosa jugal e língua) e com os tipos clínicos mais comuns (reticular e atrófico). RESULTADOS: a correlação entre pacientes assintomáticos e sintomáticos foi estatisticamente significativa (p<0,05) quando avaliamos a distribuição da p16 pela camada epitelial com relação ao local da expressão celular e com a localização da lesão. Odds ratio da marcação nuclear foi de 4,091. A total (nuclear e citoplasmática) foi de 5,179. Já a marcação somente citoplasmática teve odds ratio de 8,461. A correlação com a localização resultou num odds ratio de 5,130 para a língua e 14,234 para a mucosa jugal. As outras categorias avaliadas, porcentagem e intensidade da p16, as características clínicas avaliadas e os resultados do Ki-67, não foram significativos em nenhum item avaliado. CONCLUSÕES: o risco relativo maior quando da marcação somente citoplasmática nos mostra que este é um importante sítio de expressão da p16, não devendo ser desprezado, como sugerido por alguns estudos. A localização apontada na literatura como de maior prevalência nos casos de transformação maligna é a língua, porém o risco relativo no nosso estudo foi maior na mucosa jugal. Como a distribuição foi o único item estatisticamente significativo, faz-se necessário estudo futuro para incluir ou excluir a presença do vírus do papiloma humano nas lesões de líquen plano bucal, visto que a proteína p16 vem sendo indicada para detectar anormalidades celulares nas amostras de cérvice uterina, sendo atribuída a sua superexpressão com a presença de HPV de alto riso, além de estudo da p16 nos casos de displasias liquenóides.We realized immunohistochemical procedures with p16 and Ki-67 in lesions of oral lichen planus to verify the presence and kind of its immunoexpression amog the two groups of patients, asymptomatic and symptomatic, correlating the clinical and histopathological diagnosis with the immunohistochemical data in order to verify if oral lichen planus can be considered a lesion with risk of malignant transformation. MATERIAL AND METHOD: nine asymptomatic patients and 12 symptomatic of oral lichen planus. Five cases of inflammattory fibrous hyperplasia were included as control group. For immunohistochemical studies we used p16 (predilutedBioSB/USA) and Ki-67 (clone MIB-1DAKO/USA) by Envision Labelled techniques (DAKO). Results were annalyzed according to parameters based on Klaes et al. (2001) evaluating the immunomarked cell rates, the distribution through the epithelial layer and the immunoexpression intensity. The statistics analysis proceeded the study of relative risk between asymptomatic and symptomatic patients regarding to its cellular immunoexpression (nuclear, cytoplasmic or both), the more prevalent topography of the lesion (buccal mucosa and tongue) and clinical characteristics (atrophic and reticular types). RESULTS: the correlation between asymptomatic and symptomatic patients was statistically significant (p<0.05) when comparison was made of the distribution of p16 throug the epithelial layer by analysis its cellular imumunoexpression. The nuclear immunoexpression of p16 showed an odds ratio of 4.091. The nuclear and cytoplasmatic were 5.179. The odds ratio for cytoplasmatic expression was 8.461. The correlation between immunoexpression and topography resulted in an odds ratio of 5.130 for tongue and 14.234 for buccal mucosa. The other categories availed as percentage and intensity of the p16 immunoexpression, clinical characteristics, besides the Ki-67 results gave non significant results. CONCLUSIONS: The citoplasmatic expression results indicates that this immunoexpression must not be discarded, as suggested by some studies. The high relative risk saw in buccal mucosa rather than tongue was an unexpected result, because the localization pointed as with greater involvement in cases of malignat transformation is the tongue. The distribution was the only one that reached a statistically significant result, so further studies must be made in order to include or exclude the human papillomavirus presence in oral lichen planus lesions, since the p16 protein is currently nowadays used as an indicator of cellular abnormalities in cervical lesions, where its overexpression is related to the presence of high risk human papillomavirus, beyond study of p16 in the cases of liquenoid dysplasia.
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Silva, Francisco Ordelei Nascimento da. "Estudo cinÃtico da reaÃÃo dos complexos cis-[Ru(bpy)2ImN(NO)](PF6)3 e cis-[Ru(bpy)2SO3NO](PF6) com redutores biolÃgicos". Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2008. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1699.
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FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgicoO Ãxido nÃtrico (NO) à uma espÃcie endÃgena responsÃvel pela dilataÃÃo dos vasos sanguÃneos, sendo tambÃm ativo no cÃrebro e em outros processos fisiolÃgicos. Doadores de NO sÃo substÃncias farmacologicamente ativas que liberam espontaneamente ou sÃo metabolizadas. Nitroprussiato de sÃdio, Na2[Fe(CN)5NO].2H2O, faz parte de uma classe de compostos que liberam NO espontaneamente e à o Ãnico complexo metÃlico usado clinicamente. Problemas associados com o uso de nitroprussiato incluem suscetibilidade a fotÃlise e aÃÃo oxidativa do sistema imune, no qual conduz à liberaÃÃo de cianeto. Neste trabalho foi realizado o estudo e acompanhamento cinÃtico da reaÃÃo dos complexos cis-[Ru(bpy)2LNO](PF6)n (L = imidazol e sulfito) com cisteÃna, glutationa, metionina e histidina, para a obtenÃÃo de dados cinÃticos e espectroscÃpicos que possam contribuir para a elucidaÃÃo de seu mecanismo de aÃÃo. Os resultados cinÃticos para a reaÃÃo dos nitrosilo complexos com a cisteÃna e glutationa sugerem que hà formaÃÃo de dois intermediÃrios: o primeiro com banda de absorÃÃo em 450 nm à referente ao ataque do enxofre dos tiÃis e o Ãxido nÃtrico. O segundo intermediÃrio com banda de absorÃÃo caracterÃsticas em 380 nm se deve ao ataque da segunda molÃcula dos redutores ao aduto formado. As constantes de velocidade da reaÃÃo com cisteÃna apresentaram dependÃncia com relaÃÃo ao pH. Isto ocorre, provavelmente, devido à desprotonaÃÃo no enxofre da cisteÃna, facilitando a interaÃÃo deste tiÃl com o Ãxido nÃtrico coordenado ao rutÃnio (II).As reaÃÃes com metionina e histidina mostram que nÃo hà o aparecimento dos intermediÃrios, devido à ausÃncia do grupo SH nos aminoÃcidos. O acompanhamento realizado com HPLC nos mostra a existÃncia do mesmo mecanismo entre os complexos cis-[Ru(bpy)2SO3NO](PF6) e cis- [Ru(bpy)2ImN(NO)](PF6)3 com cisteÃna e glutationa. No caso da interaÃÃo com metionina e histidina, ocorre à diminuiÃÃo do pico referente aos nitrosilos complexos e o aparecimento do pico atribuÃdo ao aqua complexo. Os resultados obtidos com o eletrodo seletivo de NO, de ressonÃncia paramagnÃtica de elÃtrons e RMN, mostraram que o Ãxido nÃtrico à reduzido e liberado nos complexo sem que haja a formaÃÃo do nitrosotiÃl. Baseado em estudos cinÃticos e no espectro de EPR, a reaÃÃo dos nitrosilo complexos com cisteÃna e glutationa apresenta o seguinte esquema de reduÃÃo e liberaÃÃo do Ãxido nÃtrico:
The oxide nitric (NO) is a responsible endogenous species by dilation of the blood vessels, being also active in the brain and in other physiologic processes. Donors of NO are pathophysiologically active healthy substances that liberate spontaneously or they are metabolized. Sodium nitroprusside, Na2[Fe(CN)5NO].2H2O, is part of a class of compounds that liberate NO spontaneously and it is the only metallic compound used clinically. Associated problems with the use of nitroprusside include susceptibility the photolysis and oxidative action of the immune system, in which it leads to the liberation of cyanide. In this work it was accomplished the study and kinetic monitoring of the reaction of the compounds cis-[Ru(bpy)2LNO](PF6)n (L = imidazole and sulphite) with cysteine, glutathione, methionine and histidine, for the obtaining of kinetic and spectroscopic data that can contribute to the elucidation of your action mechanism. The kinetic results for the reaction of the nitrosyl complex with the cysteine and glutathione suggest that there is two intermediates formation: the first with absorption band in 450 nm is regarding the attack of the sulfur of the thiols and the nitric oxide. The second intermediate with characteristics band of absorption in 380 nm is due to the attack of the second molecule of the reducers to the formed adduct. The rate constants of the reaction with cysteine presented dependence regarding the pH. This occurs, probably, due to the deprotonated in the sulfur of the cisteÃna, facilitating the interaction of this thiol with the coordinated nitric oxide to the ruthenium (II). The reactions with methionine and histidine show that there are not the intermediates, due to the absence of the group SH in the amino acids. The monitoring accomplished with HPLC reveal the existence of the same mechanism among the compounds cis-[Ru(bpy)2SO3NO](PF6) and cis- [Ru(bpy)2ImN(NO)](PF6)3 with cysteine and glutathione. In the case of the interaction with methionine and histidine, occurs the decrease of the peak regarding the nitrosyl complex and the appearance of the peak attributed to the aqua complex. The obtained results with the NO sensor, of electron paramagnetic resonance and RMN, they showed that the nitric oxide is reduced and release in the complex without there is the formation of the nitrosothiol. Based on kinetic studies and in the spectrum of EPR, the reaction of the nitrosyl complex with cysteine and glutathione presents the following reduction scheme and liberation of the nitric oxide:
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Moro, Roselei Bertoldo. "Estudo por espectroscopia Mossbauer de complexos [Fe (TPEN)X3, (X=3CIO4-, PF6-e B04-) E[Fe (TPEN)] y2, (y=CIO4-e PF6-)". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 1996. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/76990.
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Silva, Francisco. "Estudo cinético da reação dos complexos cis-[Ru(bpy)2ImN(NO)](PF6)3 e cis-[Ru(bpy)2SO3NO](PF6) com redutores biológicos". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2008. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/1283.
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SILVA, F.O.N. Estudo cinético da reação dos complexos cis-[Ru(bpy)2ImN(NO)](PF6)3 e cis-[Ru(bpy)2SO3NO](PF6) com redutores biológicos . 2008. 137 f. Tese (Doutorado em Química Inorgânica) – Centro de Ciências, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2008.Submitted by irlana araujo (irlanaaraujo@gmail.com) on 2011-11-28T17:56:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2008_tes Fr Silva.pdf: 2512548 bytes, checksum: cb7d6af84dcf1a12a6877cfa1fec5193 (MD5)
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The oxide nitric (NO) is a responsible endogenous species by dilation of the blood vessels, being also active in the brain and in other physiologic processes. Donors of NO are pathophysiologically active healthy substances that liberate spontaneously or they are metabolized. Sodium nitroprusside, Na2[Fe(CN)5NO].2H2O, is part of a class of compounds that liberate NO spontaneously and it is the only metallic compound used clinically. Associated problems with the use of nitroprusside include susceptibility the photolysis and oxidative action of the immune system, in which it leads to the liberation of cyanide. In this work it was accomplished the study and kinetic monitoring of the reaction of the compounds cis-[Ru(bpy)2LNO](PF6)n (L = imidazole and sulphite) with cysteine, glutathione, methionine and histidine, for the obtaining of kinetic and spectroscopic data that can contribute to the elucidation of your action mechanism. The kinetic results for the reaction of the nitrosyl complex with the cysteine and glutathione suggest that there is two intermediates formation: the first with absorption band in 450 nm is regarding the attack of the sulfur of the thiols and the nitric oxide. The second intermediate with characteristics band of absorption in 380 nm is due to the attack of the second molecule of the reducers to the formed adduct. The rate constants of the reaction with cysteine presented dependence regarding the pH. This occurs, probably, due to the deprotonated in the sulfur of the cisteína, facilitating the interaction of this thiol with the coordinated nitric oxide to the ruthenium (II). The reactions with methionine and histidine show that there are not the intermediates, due to the absence of the group SH in the amino acids. The monitoring accomplished with HPLC reveal the existence of the same mechanism among the compounds cis-[Ru(bpy)2SO3NO](PF6) and cis- [Ru(bpy)2ImN(NO)](PF6)3 with cysteine and glutathione. In the case of the interaction with methionine and histidine, occurs the decrease of the peak regarding the nitrosyl complex and the appearance of the peak attributed to the aqua complex. The obtained results with the NO sensor, of electron paramagnetic resonance and RMN, they showed that the nitric oxide is reduced and release in the complex without there is the formation of the nitrosothiol. Based on kinetic studies and in the spectrum of EPR, the reaction of the nitrosyl complex with cysteine and glutathione presents the following reduction scheme and liberation of the nitric oxide:
O óxido nítrico (NO) é uma espécie endógena responsável pela dilatação dos vasos sanguíneos, sendo também ativo no cérebro e em outros processos fisiológicos. Doadores de NO são substâncias farmacologicamente ativas que liberam espontaneamente ou são metabolizadas. Nitroprussiato de sódio, Na2[Fe(CN)5NO].2H2O, faz parte de uma classe de compostos que liberam NO espontaneamente e é o único complexo metálico usado clinicamente. Problemas associados com o uso de nitroprussiato incluem suscetibilidade a fotólise e ação oxidativa do sistema imune, no qual conduz à liberação de cianeto. Neste trabalho foi realizado o estudo e acompanhamento cinético da reação dos complexos cis-[Ru(bpy)2LNO](PF6)n (L = imidazol e sulfito) com cisteína, glutationa, metionina e histidina, para a obtenção de dados cinéticos e espectroscópicos que possam contribuir para a elucidação de seu mecanismo de ação. Os resultados cinéticos para a reação dos nitrosilo complexos com a cisteína e glutationa sugerem que há formação de dois intermediários: o primeiro com banda de absorção em 450 nm é referente ao ataque do enxofre dos tióis e o óxido nítrico. O segundo intermediário com banda de absorção características em 380 nm se deve ao ataque da segunda molécula dos redutores ao aduto formado. As constantes de velocidade da reação com cisteína apresentaram dependência com relação ao pH. Isto ocorre, provavelmente, devido à desprotonação no enxofre da cisteína, facilitando a interação deste tiól com o óxido nítrico coordenado ao rutênio (II).As reações com metionina e histidina mostram que não há o aparecimento dos intermediários, devido à ausência do grupo SH nos aminoácidos. O acompanhamento realizado com HPLC nos mostra a existência do mesmo mecanismo entre os complexos cis-[Ru(bpy)2SO3NO](PF6) e cis- [Ru(bpy)2ImN(NO)](PF6)3 com cisteína e glutationa. No caso da interação com metionina e histidina, ocorre à diminuição do pico referente aos nitrosilos complexos e o aparecimento do pico atribuído ao aqua complexo. Os resultados obtidos com o eletrodo seletivo de NO, de ressonância paramagnética de elétrons e RMN, mostraram que o óxido nítrico é reduzido e liberado nos complexo sem que haja a formação do nitrosotiól. Baseado em estudos cinéticos e no espectro de EPR, a reação dos nitrosilo complexos com cisteína e glutationa apresenta o seguinte esquema de redução e liberação do óxido nítrico:
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Sabatier, Laetitia. "Differential p97 adaptors and their role in cellular functions". Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=101739.
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The AAA ATPase p97/VCP functions in numerous cellular pathways. The molecular function of p97 in any of these pathways is specifically determined by the adaptor protein it is bound to. I am interested in studying new p97 functions, specifically their role related to cancer, such as apoptosis and cytoskeletal rearrangements. I initially focused on identifying the apoptotic adaptor of p97. I showed that PTEN is not the adaptor linking p97 to apoptosis through immunoprecipitation. Bioinformatics analysis revealed 14 potential p97 adaptors. FAF1 is the one involved in apoptosis, while Socius is a candidate for cytoskeletal rearrangements. I was able to outline a general strategy of how to determine and functionally classify candidate p97 interacting proteins.
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Chalk, Kieran. "Weld consumables and PWHT for P92 power plant steel". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2013. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/14572/.
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P92 steel is a high-alloy steel that has been specifically designed for operating at high temperatures (600°C - 650°C) and has found wide use in the power generation industry, particularly since 2005. For the successful installation and use of this advanced steel, all aspects of its behaviour, in terms of both metallurgy and in-service behaviour, must be investigated. Investigating all the relevant material aspects is beyond the scope of a single PhD, and so the Supergen consortium funds a number of projects working on different material aspects. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate, and seek a greater understanding of, the behaviour of welds in P92 steel so that their in-service behaviour may be better understood particularly the response of the material to post-weld heat treatments (PWHT), the optimum weld consumable composition and the microstructural development during creep-rupture. This understanding has been achieved through a combination of microstructural characterization, thermodynamic modelling and mechanical testing. Specifications for weld metals define a range of compositions; thermodynamic modelling has enabled a better understanding of how the composition affects the final microstructure of P92 weld metal (given that this work is based upon thermodynamic predictions, the understanding developed here is applicable to both parent and weld metal). Precipitation strengthening is important to the creep resistance of P92 and the modelling has revealed how precipitate levels vary based on composition. Using this knowledge, quality checks on P92 used by industry can better ensure the fitness for service of a material if an accurate composition is known; furthermore, this understanding will enable manufacturers to further tailor compositions to produce the strongest possible material. Following welding with P92 fillers, post-weld heat treatment is carried out, and there is a desire to perform this heat treatment close to the A1 temperature of the materials involved. As such, it is important to accurately know the A1 temperature of the materials being heat treated. A combination of thermodynamic modelling, experimental thermal analysis and microstructural characterization was used to investigate the key transformation of ferrite to austenite. This investigation focused on the effect of composition on the transformation temperature, A1, and the rate at which austenite could form during PWHT. An equation to predict the Ae1 temperature of P92 is produced and validated. The knowledge of how composition affects the A1 temperature is useful for both welds and parent material, enabling the design and selection of P92 material that will not undesirably transform during heat treatments. It is proposed that the equation for Ae1 allows the determination of maximum safe heat treatment temperatures and will reduce the likelihood of poor quality material entering service. Experimental work has demonstrated that during PWHT (or parent material tempering), equilibrium conditions are approached, confirming that Ae1 should be used to determine maximum heat treatment temperatures instead of the AC1 temperatures which are currently employed. Creep testing of three different weld consumables was carried out to determine which had the best properties for use in service, and to understand the microstructural features which controlled creep behaviour of these weld metals. Creep testing of weld metal has indentified that δ-ferrite causes early failure as the resulting precipitate-free zones (PFZs) are creep weak. The presence of localized δ-ferrite is caused by an inhomogeneous distribution of ferrite stabilizers, particularly tungsten within the weld metal, resulting in greater stability of δ-ferrite and its retention in the weld. Using this knowledge, alloy specifications of weld consumables and corresponding welding procedures can be improved to ensure a homogeneous distribution of elements so that localized weaknesses in a weld can be avoided. There is tentative evidence that tungsten plays an important role in the creep ductility of P92 and that variations in tungsten and silicon could lead to an optimization of creep strength. The outcomes of this thesis facilitate a better understanding of P92 parent metal and welds and provide results that are immediately applicable and useful to the power generation industry.
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文偉倫 y Wai-lun Matthew Man. "p15 and p16 genes in head and neck carcinoma". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31224945.
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Moore, Madeleine. "Activating senescence in p16-positive Basal-like breast cancer". Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2016. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/12985.
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Breast cancer is the most common cancer in the UK and Basal-like breast cancer (a highly aggressive subtype) accounts for approximately 8-22% of all cases depending on ethnicity. Unlike most human malignancies and indeed other PAM50 breast cancer subtypes, the vast majority of Basal-like tumours are positive for wild type p16. This p16 signature is associated with a particularly poor prognosis and p16-positive Basal-like breast cancer remains the most clinically challenging subtype and is the focus of this project. Pro-senescence therapies are gaining momentum as attractive strategies for the treatment of those breast cancers with current unmet clinical need. To identify targets for pro-senescence therapy in p16-positive Basal-like breast cancer, a genome‐wide siRNA screen and two subsequent validation screens using two p16-positive cancer cell lines were performed. Screening revealed 20 siRNAs that induced senescence within both cancer cell lines. Strikingly, 11 of these 20 siRNAs targeted ribosomal proteins, implicating disrupted ribosomal biosynthesis in senescence activation in p16-positive Basal-like breast cancer. Importantly, subsequent experiments in normal human mammary epithelial cells established that specific ribosomal protein knockdown is well tolerated by normal cells. Analysis of the METABRIC data set showed a high degree of ribosomal dysregulation in Basal-like tumours and revealed that all 11 ribosomal hits identified were frequently overexpressed in p16-positive Basal-like breast cancers. Kaplan Meier analysis confirmed that elevated expression of six of the 11 ribosomal proteins correlates with a reduced overall survival in these women, further supporting a role for these proteins as drivers of disease. These six ribosomal hits, associated with the poorest patient survival, were prioritised for further validation. Senescence induction was found to be highly stable, and associated with dramatic changes to nucleolar morphology, reminiscent of the nucleolar signature observed upon premature senescence induction in normal human mammary epithelial cells. In addition, siRNA rescue experiments indicated that senescence initiation is dependent on p16 and p21 expression and is accompanied by p16 nuclear translocation and p21 degradation. Further, ribosomal protein silencing in MDA-MB-231 cells (p16-null Basal-like breast cancer cell line) resulted in a 'death-like' phenotype, partially dependent on p21 expression suggesting that, within a cancer context, ribosomal protein silencing may induce a differential response depending on the status of p16. In conclusion, it is proposed that these six ribosomal candidates may form the basis of a novel pro-senescence therapy for p16-positive Basal-like breast cancer. They may also represent novel prognostic biomarkers for this disease subset and may help to improve disease stratification and future directed personalised therapies.
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Wiseman, Katherine. "Characterisation of a new p97 adaptor in genome stability". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:24e23965-ac0b-4fd9-8928-990df307b52f.
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Cells are subjected to constant genotoxic stress arising from both endogenous and exogenous sources which can drive the development of a wide range of diseases, especially cancers. Therefore, repair of these lesions is essential to maintain genomic stability and health. The DNA damage response is a key aspect of this process and requires the temporal and spatial regulation of many different factors to orchestrate the repair process. This requires the action of the AAA ATPase p97 which acts as a molecular segregase in order to facilitate the turnover of proteins on chromatin. This is also a crucial process to prevent the collision of DNA replication and transcription machinery with DNA bound proteins and DNA structures. These processes require the action of p97 cofactors which direct p97 to specific substrates and biological functions. The role of p97 and its cofactors in the DNA damage response is beginning to emerge, however there is still much to be investigated. Therefore, this thesis focuses on the characterisation of a new p97 adaptor protein discovered during a Mass Spectrometry analysis of the p97 interactome in response to ionising radiation. This adaptor protein, which has been named Ionising Radiation Enhanced VCP Interacting Protein 1, or IREVIP1, is responsible for maintaining genome stability even in unchallenged conditions. IREVIP1 was found to interact directly with p97 via a SHP domain located in the C-terminus of IREVIP1, as well as with Topoisomerases, and is responsible for bridging their interaction. IREVIP1 was observed as being part of the replication fork, and was required to prevent the accumulation of Topoisomerase cleavage complexes. Thus, IREVIP1 could be required to prevent genomic instability arising from collisions with Topoisomerase cleavage complexes and DNA structures arising from excessive DNA torsion. Therefore, this thesis begins to characterise the novel adaptor IREVIP1 and its functions within the cell.
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Skocki, Radosław. "Badania wpływu temperatury podwyższonej na właściwości cykliczne stali P91". Rozprawa doktorska, Uniwersytet Technologiczno-Przyrodniczy w Bydgoszczy, 2016. http://dlibra.utp.edu.pl/Content/957.
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Simpson, David S. "Role of Rb/p16 Pathway in Pulmonary Epithelial Regulation". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1291148417.
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Kita, Ryuichi. "INFREQUENT ALTERATIONS OF THE p16^ GENE IN LIVER CANCER". Kyoto University, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/182241.
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Wong, David J. S. "Methylation of the p16 CpG island during neoplastic progression /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5074.
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Man, Wai-lun Matthew. "P15 and p16 genes in head and neck carcinoma /". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk:8888/cgi-bin/hkuto%5Ftoc%5Fpdf?B23436001.
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Emery, Nathan J. "Neuroethological studies of primate social perception". Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/15078.
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The neuroethological basis of social signals was investigated using a multidisciplinary approach, involving connectional and comparative analysis of anatomical data, single cell recording and behavioural techniques. Previous literature implicates the amygdala, anterior temporal and prefrontal cortex in primate social functions. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) and cluster analysis were used to analyse the connectional relatedness of macaque cortico-cortical and amygdalo-cortical connections. This objective analysis separated the amygdala nuclei into two groups, the basolateral (BL) and centromedial (CM) complexes. A comparative analysis was made of the possible functions of the amygdala nuclei by correlating amygdala nuclear volume with 5 socio-ecological indices, across 44 primate species. The lateral basal (LB) nucleus and BL size was found to correlate positively with social complexity. CM size correlated negatively. The LB nucleus receives information from the STS, which contains visual neurons responsive to eyes, heads and bodies. These cells were assessed for coding of socially relevant information. Single cell recording localised within the macaque superior temporal sulcus (STS) revealed neurons responsive to specific views, elevations and orientations of the head, eye position, and specific views of bodies walking in specific directions and reaching to objects. The tuning of these neurons could therefore support the function of recognition of another's purposive behaviour (e.g. direction of attention or intention). Visually responsive neurons in the STS also differentiated faces of different species (i.e. monkeys, humans and other animals). Behavioural studies suggest that monkeys do not follow the direction of attention of humans, yet monkeys appear to have the neural capacity. A behavioural study using video stimuli, revealed that monkeys spontaneously follow other monkeys' gaze onto an object or point in space. It is concluded that the amygdala and STS are part of a neural system which enable monkeys to interpret another's gaze and actions within a purposive behavioural framework.
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Hülsmann, Julia [Verfasser] y Hemmo [Akademischer Betreuer] Meyer. "A systematic proteomic approach to the VCP/p97-cofactor interaction landscape reveals p97 functions in stress response signaling / Julia Hülsmann ; Betreuer: Hemmo Meyer". Duisburg, 2020. http://d-nb.info/120726993X/34.
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Jensen, Anaïs. "Étude de p76, une nouvelle protéine mannose-6-phosphate : caractérisations biochimiques, localisation lysosomale et approche de la fonction". Grenoble 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007GRE10047.
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La protéine p76 (« hypothetical protein LOC196463 ») a été identifiée au laboratoire lors d'une analyse protéomique ciblant les protéines mannose-6-phosphate de lignées cellulaires humaines U937 et MCF7. Ce rapport de thèse présente l'étude de cette protéine concernant certaines de ses caractéristiques biochimiques, sa localisation intracellulaire et l'approche de sa fonction. Ainsi, nous avons mis en évidence la présence de 6 N-glycosylations, ainsi que la présence effective de sucres mannose-6-phosphate. Une maturation protéolytique des précurseurs de la forme humaine et murine de p76 a été observée ; les chaînes issues de ces clivages ont été en partie caractérisées à l'aide des anticorps développés au laboratoire. L'étude de sa localisation intracellulaire par immunofluorescence et par fractionnements subcellulaires réalisés sur du foie de souris indique clairement que p76 est localisée dans les lysosomes. Enfin, p76 ayant une homologie de séquence avec une phospholipase B nouvellement caractérisée de Dictyostelium discoideum, des tests fonctionnels ont été mis en œuvre pour détecter une telle activité pour la protéine recombinante hp76-myc, mais sans succès. En revanche, une expérience de fat blot a montré que hp76-myc se lie à la cardiolipine, un phospholipide particulier des membranes mitochondriales et bactériennesThe protein « p76 » (« hypothetical protein LOC196463 ») was identified some years ago in our laboratory during the course of a proteomic analysis of mannose-6-phosphate proteins purified from human cell lines. The present thesis describes the biochemical characterisation and the intracellular localisation of p76, as well as some functional tests carried out with recombinant p76. We demonstrated that human p76 sequence bears 6 N-glycosylations and that mannose-6-phosphate sugars were present. Proteolytic maturation of human and murine p76 precursors was observed; a few intermediate forms were partially characterised thanks to anti-p76 antibodies which were developed in the laboratory. Most importantly, we were able to demonstrate the lysosomal localisation of this protein by both immunofluorescence and sub-cellular fractionation of mouse liver homogenates. As p76 shows a significant sequence homology to a recently cloned phospholipase B from Dictyostelium discoideum, some functional tests were performed, but no phospholipase activity could be detected with recombinant hp76-myc. However, a fat blot experiment showed that hp76-myc binds cardiolipin, a particular phospholipid enriched in mitochondrial and bacterial membranes
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Vähä-Heikkilä, Tauno. "MEMS tuning and matching circuits, and millimeter wave on-wafer measurements /". Espoo VTT, 2006. http://www.vtt.fi/inf/pdf/publications/2006/P596.pdf.
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Häkkinen, Suvi T. "A functional genomics approach to the study of alkaloid biosynthesis and metabolism in Nicotiana tabacum and Hyoscyamus muticus cell cultures /". [Espoo, Finland] : VTT, 2008. http://www.vtt.fi/inf/pdf/publications/2008/P696.pdf.
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Mariano, Carolline Fontes Alves. "Estudo da frequência de infecção pelo vírus do papiloma humano (HPV) e da expressão de p16 e p53 nas neoplasias intraepiteliais e no carcinoma invasivo da superfície ocular". Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17143/tde-20072018-093128/.
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A neoplasia escamosa da superfície ocular constitui é uma das lesões mais frequentes que envolve a conjuntiva ou a córnea e tem como principais fatores de risco a exposição solar (radiação ultravioleta), a infecção pelo vírus do papiloma humano (HPV) e os estados de imunodeficiência, especialmente a infecção pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV). Em suas formas mais avançadas, a neoplasia pode cursar com infiltração do globo ocular, da órbita e, mais raramente, com ocorrência de metástases para linfonodos ou a distância. O presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar os dados clínicos, histopatológicos, a presença de HPV e a expressão das proteínas p16 e p53 em 45 casos de neoplasia escamosa da superfície ocular diagnosticados no Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, no período de 2005-2015. Avaliação histopatológica das lesões, estudo imuno-histoquímico para a detecção das proteínas e hibridização in situ cromogênica (CISH) para a detecção do DNA de HPV de alto e baixo grau foram realizados em todas as amostras. As lesões foram mais frequentes em homens de cor branca, com idade superior a 40 anos. A avaliação histopatológica revelou 31 casos (69%) de carcinoma invasivo e 14 casos (31%) de carcinoma in situ. Em 6 casos (13%) foi detectado DNA de HPV de alto grau por CISH. A frequência de expressão de proteínas p53 e p16 foi alta nas lesões, 89% e 53%, respectivamente. Em nosso estudo, a neoplasia escamosa da superfície ocular predomina em homens de cor branca, com idade acima dos 40 anos, com presença de HPV de alto grau em 13% dos casos. A expressão de p16 não apresentou um valor preditivo positivo alto quanto a possibilidade de associação com o vírus.Ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) is one the most frequent lesions involving the conjunctiva or cornea and its main risk factors are solar exposure (ultraviolet radiation), human papilloma virus (HPV) infection and immunodeficiency states, especially human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. In advanced cases one can observe eyeball or orbital infiltration and, rarely, lymph node or distant metastases. The present study aimed to investigate the clinical and histopathological data, as well as the presence of HPV and the expression of proteins p16 e p53 in 45 cases of OSSN diagnosed at the Clinics Hospital of Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, from 2005 through 2015. Histopathological examination, immunohistochemical study for proteins p16 and p53, and chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH) for low and high grade HPV were performed in all samples. Lesions were more frequent in white males, above 40 years old. Histopathological examination revealed 31 cases (69%) of invasive carcinoma and 14 cases (31%) of carcinoma in situ. In 6 cases (13%) high grade HPV was detected by CISH. The expressions of p53 and p16 were high, 89% and 53%, respectively. In our study, increased incidence of OSSN was observed in white males, above 40 years old, with high grade HPV in 13% of the cases. The expression of p16 did not show a high positive predictive value for HPV positivity in OSSN.
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Rauch, Josepha [Verfasser] y Philipp [Akademischer Betreuer] Baumeister. "Analyse möglicher Faktoren für die bessere Prognose p16-positiver primär operativ behandelter oropharyngealer Plattenepithelkarzinome verglichen mit p16-negativen Karzinomen / Josepha Rauch ; Betreuer: Philipp Baumeister". München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1164377132/34.
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Voss, Martin Henner. "p16-INK4a controls the morphology program associated with cellular senescence". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=976851105.
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Rabien, Anja. "Molekulare Mechanismen der p16-vermittelten Anoikisinduktion in humanen Pankreaskarzinom-Zellen". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2003. http://www.diss.fu-berlin.de/2004/131/index.html.
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Tang, Kit Shing. "Stability, folding and evolution of the tumour suppressor protein p16". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2001. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/251785.
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Nousch, Marco Biotechnology & Biomolecular Sciences Faculty of Science UNSW. "The role of the translational regulator p97 in mammalian cells". Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Biotechnology & Biomolecular Sciences, 2008. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/41445.
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Members of the eukaryotic initiation factor 4G (eIF4G) family play a central role in the translation initiation process. One member of this family is p97 (also called DAP5 and NAT1), a protein that is highly homologous to the C-terminal two thirds of eIF4G. Overexpression studies suggested that p97 is a pure translational repressor that has to be cleaved into a shorter form called p86, in order to show translational activity. In this study a series of experiments indicated that full length p97 has a number elF property such as association with active translating ribosomes, stimulatory effects in the Direct Initiation Factor assay and accumulation in stress granules. Additionally the endogenous p97 complex was isolated from HeLa cells and mRNA as well as the protein components were characterized. P97 associated mRNAs were described by a custom made 5'UTR focus array, showing that the protein binds to a broad range of mRNA. The relative lack of mRNA specificity argues for a general role of p97 in translation, which does not seems to be essential in unchallenged cells, because a down regulation of p97 protein levels has no effect on the translational status of the bulk of mRNAs. Mass spectrometry analysis revealed a novel protein-protein interaction between p97 and DNA methyltransferase 1 (Dnmt1), which does not rely on a nucleic acid. For this interaction the C- and N-terminus of p97 play a critical role. Further, Dnmt1 has the ability to interact with elF4G and the small ribosomal subunit, which might provide evidence for a novel function of Dnmt1 in RNA metabolism.