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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "P-elements"

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Publicado: 10 de marzo de 2023

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1

Lansman, R. A., R. O. Shade, T. A. Grigliatti y H. W. Brock. "Evolution of P transposable elements: sequences of Drosophila nebulosa P elements." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 84, n.º 18 (1 de septiembre de 1987): 6491–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.84.18.6491.

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2

Gloor, G. B., C. R. Preston, D. M. Johnson-Schlitz, N. A. Nassif, R. W. Phillis, W. K. Benz, H. M. Robertson y W. R. Engels. "Type I repressors of P element mobility." Genetics 135, n.º 1 (1 de septiembre de 1993): 81–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/135.1.81.

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Abstract We describe here a family of P elements that we refer to as type I repressors. These elements are identified by their repressor functions and their lack of any deletion within the first two-thirds of the canonical P sequence. Elements belonging to this repressor class were isolated from P strains and were made in vitro. We found that type I repressor elements could strongly repress both a cytotype-dependent allele and P element mobility in somatic and germline tissues. These effects were very dependent on genomic position. Moreover, we observed that an element's ability to repress in one assay positively correlated with its ability to repress in either of the other two assays. The type I family of repressor elements includes both autonomous P elements and those lacking exon 3 of the P element. Fine structure deletion mapping showed that the minimal 3' boundary of a functional type I element lies between nucleotide position 1950 and 1956. None of 12 elements examined with more extreme deletions extending into exon 2 made repressor. We conclude that the type I repressors form a structurally distinct group that does not include more extensively deleted repressor elements such as the KP element described previously.

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3

Abdollahi, Alireza y S. Mohsen Ghoraishi. "p-groups for which each outer p-automorphism centralizes only p elements". Glasnik Matematicki 49, n.º 1 (8 de junio de 2014): 119–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3336/gm.49.1.10.

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4

Alarcon, E. y A. Reverter. "p-adaptive boundary elements". International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23, n.º 5 (mayo de 1986): 801–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620230505.

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5

Loreto, Elgion L. S., Francis M. B. Zambra, Mauro F. Ortiz y Lizandra J. Robe. "New Drosophila P-like elements and reclassification of Drosophila P-elements subfamilies". Molecular Genetics and Genomics 287, n.º 7 (20 de mayo de 2012): 531–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00438-012-0691-y.

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6

O'Hare, Kevin, Alan Driver, Stephen McGrath y Dena M. Johnson-Schiltz. "Distribution and structure of cloned P elements from the Drosophila melanogaster P strain π2". Genetical Research 60, n.º 1 (agosto de 1992): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016672300030640.

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SummaryP transposable elements of Drosophila melanogaster cloned from the strong P strain π2 have been analysed. The structures and chromosomal locations of 26 of the 30–50 elements estimated to be present in π2 have been determined. At one location two elements are inserted 100 base pairs (bp) apart, and in a second location two elements are only separated by the 8 bp duplicated upon P-element insertion. In addition to 2.9 kilobasepair (kbp) elements, elements with 14 different internal deletions from 1.3 to 2.3 kbp in size have been isolated. There are 7 copies of the 2–9 kbp element, 2 copies each of 5 internally deleted elements and a single copy of 9 internally deleted elements. One of the elements found twice is the KP element, which may play a role in the regulation of hybrid dysgenesis in strains which contain many copies of this element. Apart from internal deletions the elements are extremely homogeneous in DNA sequence, with only 2 single base polymorphisms detected twice each in over 16 kbp of P-element sequence. Although transpositions are infrequent in an inbred P cytotype strain such as π2, the distribution of these cloned elements indicates that when the genomic library was made, the strain was polymorphic with respect to element location. The distribution and structures of the element are discussed with respect to models for regulation of P-element transposition.

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7

JACKSON, IAN J. "Do mammals need P elements?" Nature 321, n.º 6071 (junio de 1986): 656–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/321656a0.

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8

Kamacı, Hüseyin y Akın Osman Atagün. "NEAR-RINGS WITH P-CENTRAL P-NILPOTENT OR P IDEMPOTENT ELEMENTS". JP Journal of Algebra, Number Theory and Applications 40, n.º 5 (31 de octubre de 2018): 903–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17654/nt040050903.

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9

Héthelyi, L. y L. Lévai. "On elements of order p in powerful p-groups". Journal of Algebra 270, n.º 1 (diciembre de 2003): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-8693(03)00503-9.

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10

Wilson, Lawrence E. "Torsion elements in p-adic analytic pro-p groups". Journal of Algebra 277, n.º 2 (julio de 2004): 806–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-8693(03)00534-9.

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11

Tong-Viet, Hung P. "Conjugacy classes of p-elements and normal p-complements". Pacific Journal of Mathematics 308, n.º 1 (3 de diciembre de 2020): 207–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2140/pjm.2020.308.207.

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12

Ginsburg, John. "On the Number of Maximal Elements in a Partially Ordered Set". Canadian Mathematical Bulletin 30, n.º 3 (1 de septiembre de 1987): 351–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4153/cmb-1987-050-6.

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AbstractLet P be a partially ordered set. For an element x ∊ P, a subset C of P is called a cutset for x in P if every element of C is noncomparable to x and every maximal chain in P meets {x} ∪ C. The following result is established: if every element of P has a cutset having n or fewer elements, then P has at most 2n maximal elements. It follows that, if some element of P covers k elements of P then there is an element x ∊ P such that every cutset for x in P has at least log2k elements.

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13

Priegert, Andrew M., Benjamin W. Rawe, Spencer C. Serin y Derek P. Gates. "Polymers and the p-block elements". Chemical Society Reviews 45, n.º 4 (2016): 922–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cs00725a.

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14

Vyakaranam, Kamesh, John A. Maguire y Narayan S. Hosmane. "Heteroboranes of the p-block elements". Journal of Organometallic Chemistry 646, n.º 1-2 (marzo de 2002): 21–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-328x(01)01214-1.

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15

Isaacs, I. M. y Gabriel Navarro. "Normal p-complements and fixed elements". Archiv der Mathematik 95, n.º 3 (29 de julio de 2010): 207–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00013-010-0162-9.

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16

ZAHARESCU, ALEXANDRU. "LIPSCHITZIAN ELEMENTS OVER p-ADIC FIELDS". Glasgow Mathematical Journal 47, n.º 2 (27 de julio de 2005): 363–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017089505002594.

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17

Robertson, H. M. y W. R. Engels. "Modified P elements that mimic the P cytotype in Drosophila melanogaster." Genetics 123, n.º 4 (1 de diciembre de 1989): 815–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/123.4.815.

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Abstract Activity of the P family of transposable elements in Drosophila melanogaster is regulated primarily by a cellular condition known as P cytotype. It has been hypothesized that P cytotype depends on a P element-encoded repressor of transposition and excision. We provide evidence in support of this idea by showing that two modified P elements, each with lesions affecting the fourth transposase exon, mimic most of the P cytotype effects. These elements were identified by means of two sensitive assays capable of detecting repression by a single P element. One assay makes use of cytotype-dependent gene expression of certain P element insertion mutations at the singed bristle locus. The other measures suppression of transposase activity from the unusually stable genomic P element, delta 2-3(99B), that normally produces transposase in both germinal and somatic tissues. The P cytotype-like effects include suppression of snw germline hypermutability, snw somatic mosaicism, pupal lethality, and gonadal dysgenic sterility. Unlike P cytotype, however, there was no reciprocal cross effect in the inheritance of repression.

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18

Ronsseray, Stéphane, Laurent Marin, Monique Lehmann y Dominique Anxolabéhère. "Repression of Hybrid Dysgenesis in Drosophila melanogaster by Combinations of Telomeric P-Element Reporters and Naturally Occurring P Elements". Genetics 149, n.º 4 (1 de agosto de 1998): 1857–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/149.4.1857.

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Abstract In Drosophila melanogaster, hybrid dysgenesis occurs in the germline of flies produced by crosses between females lacking P elements and males carrying 25–55 P elements. We have previously shown that a complete maternally inherited repression of P transposition in the germline (P cytotype) can be elicited by only two autonomous P elements located at the X chromosome telomere (cytological site 1A). We have tested whether P transgenes at 1A, unable to code for a P-repressor, may contribute to the repression of P elements. Females carrying a P-lacZ transgene at 1A [“P-lacZ(1A)”], crossed with P males, do not repress dysgenic sterility in their progeny. However, these P-lacZ(1A) insertions, maternally or paternally inherited, contribute to P-element repression when they are combined with other regulatory P elements. This combination effect is not seen when the P-lacZ transgene is located in pericentromeric heterochromatin or in euchromatin; however a P-w,ry transgene located at the 3R chromosome telomere exhibits the combination effect. The combination effect with the P-lacZ(1A) transgene is impaired by a mutant Su(var)205 allele known to impair the repression ability of the autonomous P elements at 1A. We hypothesized that the combination effect is due to modification of the chromatin structure or nuclear location of genomic P elements.

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19

Pomerantseva, Ekaterina, Inna Biryukova, Rita Silicheva, Ekaterina Savitskaya, Anton Golovnin y Pavel Georgiev. "Transposition of Regulatory Elements by P-Element-Mediated Rearrangements in Drosophila melanogaster". Genetics 172, n.º 4 (30 de diciembre de 2005): 2283–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/genetics.105.052803.

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20

Rasmusson, K. E., J. D. Raymond y M. J. Simmons. "Repression of hybrid dysgenesis in Drosophila melanogaster by individual naturally occurring P elements." Genetics 133, n.º 3 (1 de marzo de 1993): 605–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/133.3.605.

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Abstract Individual P elements that were genetically isolated from wild-type strains were tested for their abilities to repress two aspects of hybrid dysgenesis: gonadal dysgenesis and mutability of a double-P element-insertion allele of the singed locus (snw). These elements were also characterized by Southern blotting, polymerase chain reaction amplification and DNA sequencing. Three of the elements were 1.1-kb KP elements, one was a 1.2-kb element called D50, and one was a 0.5-kb element called SP. These three types of elements could encode polypeptides of 207, 204, and 14 amino acids, respectively. Gonadal dysgenesis was repressed by two of the KP elements (denoted KP(1) and KP(6)) and by SP, but not by the third KP element (KP(D)), nor by D50. Repression of gonadal dysgenesis was mediated by a maternal effect, or by a combination of zygotic and maternal effects generated by the P elements themselves. The mutability of snw was repressed by the KP(1) and KP(6) elements, by D50 and by SP, but not by KP(D); however, the SP element repressed snw mutability only when the transposase came from complete P elements and the D50 element repressed it only when the transposase came from the modified P element known as delta 2-3. In all cases, repression of snw mutability appeared to be mediated by a zygotic effect of the isolated P element. Each of the isolated elements was also tested for its ability to suppress the phenotype of a P-insertion mutation of the vestigial locus (vg21-3). D50 was a moderate suppressor whereas SP and the three KP elements had little or no effect. These results indicate that each isolated P element had its own profile of repression and suppression abilities. It is suggested that these abilities may be mediated by P-encoded polypeptides or by antisense P RNAs initiated from external genomic promoters.

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21

Stuart, Jeremy R., Kevin J. Haley, Douglas Swedzinski, Samuel Lockner, Paul E. Kocian, Peter J. Merriman y Michael J. Simmons. "Telomeric P elements Associated With Cytotype Regulation of the P Transposon Family in Drosophila melanogaster". Genetics 162, n.º 4 (1 de diciembre de 2002): 1641–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/162.4.1641.

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Abstract P elements inserted at the left end of the Drosophila X chromosome were isolated genetically from wild-type P strains. Stocks carrying these elements were tested for repression of P-strain-induced gonadal dysgenesis in females and for repression of transposase-catalyzed P-element excision in males and females. Both traits were repressed by stocks carrying either complete or incomplete P elements inserted near the telomere of the X chromosome in cytological region 1A, but not by stocks carrying only nontelomeric X-linked P elements. All three of the telomeric P elements that were analyzed at the molecular level were inserted in one of the 1.8-kb telomere-associated sequence (TAS) repeats near the end of the X chromosome. Stocks with these telomeric P elements strongly repressed P-element excision induced in the male germline by a P strain or by the transposase-producing transgenes H(hsp/CP)2, H(hsp/CP)3, a combination of these two transgenes, and P(ry+, Δ2-3)99B. For H(hsp/CP)2 and P(ry+, Δ2-3)99B, the repression was also effective when the flies were subjected to heat-shock treatments. However, these stocks did not repress the somatic transposase activity of P(ry+, Δ2-3)99B. Repression of transposase activity in the germline required maternal transmission of the telomeric P elements themselves. Paternal transmission of these elements, or maternal transmission of the cytoplasm from carriers, both were insufficient to repress transposase activity. Collectively, these findings indicate that the regulatory abilities of telomeric P elements are similar to those of the P cytotype.

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22

Izod, Keith. "Complexes of P-stabilised carbanions with s- and p-elements". Coordination Chemistry Reviews 227, n.º 2 (abril de 2002): 153–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0010-8545(02)00011-5.

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23

Hagemann, S., E. Haring y W. Pinsker. "A new P element subfamily from Drosophila tristis, D. ambigua, and D. obscura". Genome 39, n.º 5 (1 de octubre de 1996): 978–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g96-122.

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A new P element subfamily, designated T-type, was found in the genomes of the three closely related species Drosophila ambigua, Drosophila obscura, and Drosophila tristis. The subfamily comprises both full-sized and internally deleted P elements. The T-type element of D. ambigua is longer than the canonical P elements owing to a 300-bp insertion in the 3′ noncoding region. Tandemly arranged T-type elements were detected in D. ambigua and D. tristis. The overall structure of T-type elements resembles that of the Drosophila melanogaster P element and the termini are formed by perfect inverted repeats of 33 bp. However, none of the elements studied so far have intact reading frames. Sequence comparisons with other P element subfamilies from the obscura group indicate that the T-type elements are most closely related to the terminally truncated P homologues of Drosophila guanche and Drosophila subobscura. Therefore they can be considered as the lineage-specific P transposons of the obscura group. Furthermore, this finding indicates that the clustered P homologues of D. guanche and D. subobscura must be derived from transpositionally active P elements rather than from an immobile genomic sequence. Key words : Drosophila, obscura group, P element, transposon, DNA phylogeny.

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24

SIMMONS, MICHAEL J., LISA M. RAGATZ, IAN R. SINCLAIR, MICHAEL W. THORP, JARED T. BUSCHETTE y CRAIG D. GRIMES. "Maternal enhancement of cytotype regulation in Drosophila melanogaster by genetic interactions between telomeric P elements and non-telomeric transgenic P elements". Genetics Research 94, n.º 6 (diciembre de 2012): 339–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016672312000523.

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SummaryThe X-linked telomeric P elements (TPs) TP5 and TP6 regulate the activity of the entire P element family because they are inserted in a major locus for the production of Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs). The potential for this cytotype regulation is significantly strengthened when either TP5 or TP6 is combined with a non-telomeric X-linked or autosomal transgene that contains a P element. By themselves, none of the transgenic P elements have any regulatory ability. Synergism between the telomeric and transgenic P elements is much greater when the TP is derived from a female. Once an enhanced regulatory state is established in a female, it is transmitted to her offspring independently of either the telomeric or transgenic P elements – that is, it works through a strictly maternal effect. Synergistic regulation collapses when either the telomeric or the transgenic P element is removed from the maternal genotype, and it is significantly impaired when the TPs come from stocks heterozygous for mutations in the genes aubergine, piwi or Su(var)205. The synergism between telomeric and transgenic P elements is consistent with a model in which P piRNAs are amplified by alternating, or ping-pong, targeting of primary piRNAs to sense and antisense P transcripts, with the sense transcripts being derived from the transgenic P element and the antisense transcripts being derived from the TP.

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25

Robertson, H. M., C. R. Preston, R. W. Phillis, D. M. Johnson-Schlitz, W. K. Benz y W. R. Engels. "A stable genomic source of P element transposase in Drosophila melanogaster." Genetics 118, n.º 3 (1 de marzo de 1988): 461–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/118.3.461.

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Abstract A single P element insert in Drosophila melanogaster, called P[ry+ delta 2-3](99B), is described that caused mobilization of other elements at unusually high frequencies, yet is itself remarkably stable. Its transposase activity is higher than that of an entire P strain, but it rarely undergoes internal deletion, excision or transposition. This element was constructed by F. Laski, D. Rio and G. Rubin for other purposes, but we have found it to be useful for experiments involving P elements. We demonstrate that together with a chromosome bearing numerous nonautonomous elements it can be used for P element mutagenesis. It can also substitute efficiently for "helper" plasmids in P element mediated transformation, and can be used to move transformed elements around the genome.

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26

Lewis, Alan P. y John F. Y. Brookfield. "Movement of Drosophila melanogaster transposable elements other than P elements in a P-M hybrid dysgenic cross". Molecular and General Genetics MGG 208, n.º 3 (julio de 1987): 506–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00328147.

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27

Rasmusson, K. E., M. J. Simmons, J. D. Raymond y C. F. McLarnon. "Quantitative effects of P elements on hybrid dysgenesis in Drosophila melanogaster." Genetics 124, n.º 3 (1 de marzo de 1990): 647–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/124.3.647.

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Abstract Genetic analyses involving chromosomes from seven inbred lines derived from a single M' strain were used to study the quantitative relationships between the incidence and severity of P-M hybrid dysgenesis and the number of genomic P elements. In four separate analyses, the mutability of snw, a P element-insertion mutation of the X-linked singed locus, was found to be inversely related to the number of autosomal P elements. Since snw mutability is caused by the action of the P transposase, this finding supports the hypothesis that genomic P elements titrate the transposase present within a cell. Other analyses demonstrated that autosomal transmission ratios were distorted by P element action. In these analyses, the amount of distortion against an autosome increased more or less linearly with the number of P elements carried by the autosome. Additional analyses showed that the magnitude of this distortion was reduced when a second P element-containing autosome was present in the genome. This reduction could adequately be explained by transposase titration; there was no evidence that it was due to repressor molecules binding to P elements and inhibiting their movement. The influence of genomic P elements on the incidence of gonadal dysgenesis was also investigated. Although no simple relationship between the number of P elements and the incidence of the trait could be discerned, it was clear that even a small number of elements could increase the incidence markedly. The failure to find a quantitative relationship between P element number and the incidence of gonadal dysgenesis probably reflects the complex etiology of this trait.

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28

Roche, Siobhan E. y Donald C. Rio. "Trans-Silencing by P Elements Inserted in Subtelomeric Heterochromatin Involves the Drosophila Polycomb Group Gene, Enhancer of zeste". Genetics 149, n.º 4 (1 de agosto de 1998): 1839–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/149.4.1839.

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AbstractDrosophila P-element transposition is regulated by a maternally inherited state known as P cytotype. An important aspect of P cytotype is transcriptional repression of the P-element promoter. P cytotype can also repress non-P-element promoters within P-element ends, suggesting that P cytotype repression might involve chromatin-based transcriptional silencing. To learn more about the role of chromatin in P cytotype repression, we have been studying the P strain Lk-P(1A). This strain contains two full-length P elements inserted in the heterochromatic telomere-associated sequences (TAS elements) at cytological location 1A. Mutations in the Polycomb group gene (Pc-G gene), Enhancer of zeste (E(z)), whose protein product binds at 1A, resulted in a loss of Lk-P(1A) cytotype control. E(z) mutations also affected the trans-silencing of heterologous promoters between P-element termini by P-element transgenes inserted in the TAS repeats. These data suggest that pairing interactions between P elements, resulting in exchange of chromatin structures, may be a mechanism for controlling the expression and activity of P elements.

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29

Higuet, Dominique, Dominique Anxolabéhére y Danielle Nouaud. "A particular P-element insertion is correlated to the P-induced hybrid dysgenesis repression in Drosophila melanogaster". Genetical Research 60, n.º 1 (agosto de 1992): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016672300030627.

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SummaryTransposable P elements in Drosophila melanogaster cause hybrid dysgenesis if their mobility is not repressed. The ability to regulate the dysgenic activity of the P elements depends on several mechanisms, one of which hypothesized that a particular deleted P element (the KP element) results in a non-susceptibility which is biparentally transmitted. In this study totally nonsusceptible lines, and susceptible lines containing exclusively KP elements (IINS2 line and IIS2 line) were isolated from a M' strain. We show that non-susceptibility is correlated with a particular insertion of one KP element located at the cytological site 47D1. The repression ability of the GD sterility is determined by a recessive chromosomal factor, and cannot be due to the KP-element number. Here the repression of the P mobility is associated with reduction of the P transcripts and the inhibition of P promoter activity.

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30

Ronsseray, Stéphane, Antoine Boivin y Dominique Anxolabéhère. "P-Element Repression in Drosophila melanogaster by Variegating Clusters of P-lacZ-white Transgenes". Genetics 159, n.º 4 (1 de diciembre de 2001): 1631–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/159.4.1631.

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Abstract In Drosophila, clusters of P transgenes (P-lac-w) display a variegating phenotype for the w marker. In addition, X-ray-induced rearrangements of chromosomes bearing such clusters may lead to enhancement of the variegated phenotype. Since P-lacZ transgenes in subtelomeric heterochromatin have some P-element repression abilities, we tested whether P-lac-w clusters also have the capacity to repress P-element activity in the germline. One cluster (T-1), located on a rearranged chromosome (T2;3) and derived from a line bearing a variegating tandem array of seven P-lac-w elements, partially represses the dysgenic sterility (GD sterility) induced by P elements. This cluster also strongly represses in trans the expression of P-lacZ elements in the germline. This latter suppression shows a maternal effect. Finally, the combination of variegating P-lac-w clusters and a single P-lacZ reporter inserted in subtelomeric heterochromatic sequences at the X chromosome telomere (cytological site 1A) leads to strong repression of dysgenic sterility. These results show that repression of P-induced dysgenic sterility can be elicited in the absence of P elements encoding a polypeptide repressor and that a transgene cluster can repress the expression of a single homologous transgene at a nonallelic position. Implications for models of transposable element silencing are discussed.

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31

Good, Allen G. y Donal A. Hickey. "Hybrid dysgenesis in Drosophila melanogaster: the elimination of P elements through repeated backcrossing to an M-type strain". Genome 29, n.º 1 (1 de febrero de 1987): 195–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g87-033.

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The rapid increase in the frequency of P elements in natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster has led to the suggestion that these elements can spread in nature through replicative transposition. In an attempt to model the introduction of a small number of P flies into an M population we backcrossed P flies and their offspring to M flies. Two components of dysgenesis, P element activity and P element copy number (measured by DNA hybridization), were monitored each generation. In these experiments P elements were not capable of spreading rapidly enough to maintain 30–50 copies per fly and were rapidly lost from the population. We also found that the reduction in a fly's ability to induce gonadal dysgenesis was matched by an equivalent reduction in P element copy number as measured by DNA hybridization. These results are discussed in terms of the conventional mechanisms of selection or segregation; the conclusion is that there are conditions under which P elements can be lost from a population. Key words: hybrid dysgenesis, P element, transposable elements, Drosophila.

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32

Rakviashvili, G. "Primitive elements of free Lie $p$-algebras". Tbilisi Mathematical Journal 8, n.º 2 (diciembre de 2015): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tmj-2015-0008.

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33

Young, Scott. "Trace Elements in Soils - by Hooda, P." European Journal of Soil Science 61, n.º 6 (7 de octubre de 2010): 1119–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2389.2010.01302.x.

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34

Heiden, Zachariah M., Marta E. G. Mosquera y Harkesh B. Singh. "Inorganic chemistry of the p-block elements". Dalton Transactions 48, n.º 20 (2019): 6666–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9dt90098e.

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35

Leung, A. Y. T. y Bin Zhu. "Fourier p-elements for curved beam vibrations". Thin-Walled Structures 42, n.º 1 (enero de 2004): 39–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0263-8231(03)00122-8.

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36

Ardakov, Konstantin y Simon Wadsley. "Characteristic elements for $p$-torsion Iwasawa modules". Journal of Algebraic Geometry 15, n.º 2 (1 de mayo de 2006): 339–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1090/s1056-3911-05-00415-7.

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37

Crestani, Eleonora y Pablo Spiga. "Fixed-point-free elements in p-groups". Israel Journal of Mathematics 180, n.º 1 (31 de octubre de 2010): 413–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11856-010-0109-7.

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38

Vanti, M. G., A. Raizer y Y. Marechal. "h-p adaptivity with hierarchic hexahedral elements". IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 34, n.º 5 (1998): 3272–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/20.717768.

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39

Singh, Anurag K. "$p$-torsion elements in local cohomology modules". Mathematical Research Letters 7, n.º 2 (2000): 165–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4310/mrl.2000.v7.n2.a3.

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40

Engels, William R. "The origin of P elements inDrosophila melanogaster". BioEssays 14, n.º 10 (octubre de 1992): 681–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bies.950141007.

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41

Lickiss, Paul D. "Cluster molecules of the p-block elements". Journal of Organometallic Chemistry 494, n.º 1-2 (mayo de 1995): C24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-328x(95)90088-v.

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42

Babuška, I. y H. C. Elman. "Performance of theh-p version of the finite element method with various elements". International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 36, n.º 15 (15 de agosto de 1993): 2503–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620361502.

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43

Good, A. G., G. A. Meister, H. W. Brock, T. A. Grigliatti y D. A. Hickey. "Rapid spread of transposable p elements in experimental populations of Drosophila melanogaster." Genetics 122, n.º 2 (1 de junio de 1989): 387–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/122.2.387.

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Abstract The invasion of P elements in natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster was modeled by establishing laboratory populations with 1%, 5% and 10% P genomes and monitoring the populations for 20 generations. In one experiment, the ability of flies to either induce or suppress gonadal sterility in different generations was correlated with the amount of P element DNA. In a second experiment, the percentage of genomes that contained P elements, and the distribution of P elements among individual flies was monitored. The ability to induce gonadal dysgenesis increased rapidly each generation. However, the increase in P cytotype lagged behind by five to ten generations. The total amount of P element DNA and the frequency of flies containing P elements increased each generation. The number of P elements within individual genomes decreased initially, but then increased. Finally, the distribution of P elements within the genomes of individuals from later generations varied considerably, and this pattern differed from the parental P strain. These results suggest that the interaction between the assortment and recombination of chromosomal segments, and multiplicative transposition could result in the rapid spread of P elements in natural populations.

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44

BELINCO, CARINA, STEPHANIE N. DIPRIMA, RYAN E. WOLFF, MICHAEL W. THORP, JARED T. BUSCHETTE y MICHAEL J. SIMMONS. "Cytotype regulation in Drosophila melanogaster: synergism between telomeric and non-telomeric P elements". Genetics Research 91, n.º 6 (diciembre de 2009): 383–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016672309990322.

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SummaryThe X-linked telomeric P elements TP5 and TP6 interact synergistically with non-telomeric P elements to repress hybrid dysgenesis. In this repression, the telomeric P elements exert maternal effects, which, however, are not sufficient to establish synergism with the non-telomeric P elements. Once synergism is established, the capacity to repress dysgenesis in the offspring of a cross persists for at least two generations after removing the telomeric P element from the genotype. At the molecular level, synergism between telomeric and non-telomeric P elements is correlated with effective elimination of P-element mRNA in the germ line. Maternally transmitted mutations in the genes aubergine, piwi and Suppressor of variegation 205 [Su(var)205] block the establishment of synergism between telomeric and non-telomeric P elements, and paternally transmitted mutations in piwi and Su(var)205 disrupt synergism that has already been established. These findings are discussed in terms of a model of cytotype regulation of P elements based on Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) that are amplified by cycling between sense and antisense species.

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45

Xu, Jian-Hong, Isaku Osawa, Suguru Tsuchimoto, Eiichi Ohtsubo y Hisako Ohtsubo. "Two new SINE elements, p-SINE2 and p-SINE3, from rice". Genes & Genetic Systems 80, n.º 3 (2005): 161–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1266/ggs.80.161.

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46

Munshi, Sachin y Rongwei Yang. "Self-adjoint elements in the pseudo-unitary group U(p,p)". Linear Algebra and its Applications 560 (enero de 2019): 100–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.laa.2018.10.001.

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47

Yadchenko, A. A. "Spectra of p-elements of finite p-solvable complex linear groups". Mathematical Notes of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR 50, n.º 3 (septiembre de 1991): 975–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01156146.

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48

KAPLAN, GIL y DAN LEVY. "SOLVABILITY OF FINITE GROUPS VIA CONDITIONS ON PRODUCTS OF 2-ELEMENTS AND ODD p-ELEMENTS". Bulletin of the Australian Mathematical Society 82, n.º 2 (26 de abril de 2010): 265–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0004972710000079.

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AbstractWe observe that a solvability criterion for finite groups, conjectured by Miller [The product of two or more groups, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc.12 (1911)] and Hall [A characteristic property of soluble groups, J. London Math. Soc.12 (1937)] and proved by Thompson [Nonsolvable finite groups all of whose local subgroups are solvable, Bull. Amer. Math. Soc.74(3) (1968)], can be sharpened as follows: a finite group is nonsolvable if and only if it has a nontrivial 2-element and an odd p-element, such that the order of their product is not divisible by either 2 or p. We also prove a solvability criterion involving conjugates of odd p-elements. Finally, we define, via a condition on products of p-elements with p′-elements, a formation Pp,p′, for each prime p. We show that P2,2′ (which contains the odd-order groups) is properly contained in the solvable formation.

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49

Mackay, Trudy F. C. "Transposable elements and fitness in Drosophila melanogaster". Genome 31, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 1989): 284–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g89-046.

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Transposable elements constitute a significant fraction of the Drosophila melanogaster genome. The five families of moderately repeated transposable elements identified to date occupy dispersed and variable genomic locations, but have relatively constant copy numbers per individual. What effect to these elements have on the fitness of the individuals harboring them? Experimental evidence relating to this question is reviewed. The relevant data fall into two broad categories. The first involves the determination of the distribution of transposable elements in natural populations, by restriction mapping or in situ hybridization, and the comparison of the observed distribution with different theoretical expectations. The second approach is to study directly the effects of new transposable element-induced mutations on fitness. The P family of transposable elements is a particularly efficient mutagen, and the results of experiments in which initially P-free chromosomes are contaminated with P elements are discussed with regard to P-induced fitness mutations.Key words: transposable elements, Drosophila melanogaster, insertional mutagenesis, fitness, P element mutagenesis, hybrid dysgenesis.

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50

LEUNG, A. Y. T. y B. ZHU. "HEXAHEDRAL FOURIER p-ELEMENTS FOR VIBRATION OF PRISMATIC SOLIDS". International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 04, n.º 01 (marzo de 2004): 125–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455404001100.

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Fourier p-elements of trapezoidal and cubical hexahedron shapes for the free vibration analysis of 3D elastic solids are presented. Trigonometric functions are used as enriching functions to avoid ill-conditioning problems associated with high order polynomials. The element matrices are analytically integrated in closed form. With the additional Fourier degrees-of-freedom, the accuracy of the computed natural frequencies is greatly improved. As an example, the natural frequencies of a cantilever cube are analyzed by a rectangular hexahedron Fourier p-element, two trapezoidal hexahedron Fourier p-elements and the conventional linear finite elements. The results show that the convergence rate of the present elements is very fast with respect to the number of trigonometric terms. The present elements also produce higher accurate modes than the linear finite elements for the same number of degrees-of-freedom. Furthermore, the first six natural frequencies of a cantilever hexagonal prism and a number of concrete dams with different lengths are given as numerical examples.

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