Tesis sobre el tema "Oxydes métalliques et conducteurs transparents"
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Rey, Germain. "Etude d'oxydes métalliques nanostructurés (ZnO,SnO2) pour applications photovoltaïques, notamment oxydes transparents conducteurs et cellules solaires à colorant". Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENI017.
Texto completoMetallic oxide nanostructures play a critical role in dye-sensitized solar cells as front transparent electrodes and photoanodes. The use of stannic oxide (SnO2) and zinc oxide (ZnO) have been motivated by their particularly suitable structural, electrical and optical properties for dye-sensitized solar cells. Fluorine doped-SnO2 transparent electrodes have been deposited by spray pyrolysis in the form of thin films and consist of nanoscale grains. Their optical and electrical properties have been optimized in order to integrate them into dye-sensitized solar cells. The electron transport has been investigated in details and the influence of each scattering mechanism has quantitatively been assessed. ZnO photoanodes have directly been grown on the SnO2 surface by chemical vapor deposition in the form of nanowires. The nanowire diameter and surface density have been controlled by the growth conditions and the substrate surface oxidation, respectively. The nanowire-based photoanodes have subsequently been integrated into dye-sensitized solar cells. The relatively low efficiency of these cells has been found to be due to the small ZnO surface area, which limits the amount of dye anchored to its surface. In order to circumvent this limitation, ZnO nanoparticles have been deposited on the nanowire surface by chemical bath deposition. The nanocomposite photoanodes lead to the fabrication of dye-sensitized solar cells with promising efficiency by combining both efficient electron transport and high developed surface area
Trenque, Isabelle. "Synthèse et caractérisation d’oxydes métalliques ZnO au bénéfice de nouvelles stratégies d’élaboration d’absorbeurs IR". Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR14905/document.
Texto completoThanks to its absorption / reflexion properties limited to the UV and the IR range, n-doped zinc oxide is a promising candidate for the elaboration of transparent and insulating films in smart windows. Nanostructured particles of Ga-doped zinc oxide were elaborated by polyol process. Polyol process was used in order to control the size and the morphology of the particles. Both experimental and theoretical data show that a maximum of IR absorption efficiency is obtained for a doping rate of 2.6 molar percent. Colloidal suspensions with high transmission in the visible range combined with significant absorption of the near infrared range were obtained using two strategies. The first one is the encapsulation of the Ga-doped ZnO particles by a fluoride shells with an intermediate refractive index between ZnO and the dispersion medium. The second one is the optimization of the dispersion state of nano-colloidal suspensions thanks to the adsorption of thioalkanes on the Ga-doped ZnO crystallite surfaces
Aviles, Thomas. "Etude du dépôt par pulvérisation cathodique des matériaux pour la réalisation de cellules photovoltaïques couche mince à base de CIGS ou CZTS". Thesis, Lille 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL10126.
Texto completoThin film photovoltaic cells based on CIGS and CZTS materials has been initiated in this work. Environmental and economic issues have been taken into account to define an original strategy. We aim to substitute all the toxic and rare materials by abundant and non-toxic materials. In order to simplify the fabrication process, we also decide to deposit all layers using sputtering technique. The molybdenum back contact has been developed on a soda lime glass (SLG) substrate, with adequate electrical properties and good adhesion to the substrate even after thermal treatments similar to those used during the absorber formation. We have verified the required sodium migration from the SLG substrate to the molybdenum surface. A bibliographic study has been done to evaluate a single-target sputtering method to form CIGS and CZTS films. CZTS thin film deposition from a single target has been studied, with unsatisfactory results. We finally suggest an original multi-target method. Then, a bibliographic study has been done to evaluate the relevance of a sputtered Zn(S,O) buffer layer to replace the CBD-CdS conventional buffer layer. A study of RF-sputtered AZO films has been carried out, but we didn’t obtain the required electrical conductivity. We finally study RF-sputtering of ITO films. We developed amorphous ITO thin films with excellent electrical and optical properties. We suggest using this material as the window layer of solar cells
Trenque, Isabelle. "Synthèse et caractérisation d'oxydes métalliques ZnO au bénéfice de nouvelles stratégies d'élaboration d'absorbeurs IR". Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01017168.
Texto completoMohgouk, Zouknak Louis David. "Optimisation d'oxydes métalliques pour la réalisation d’électrode en adéquation avec le matériau photosensible dans l'infrarouge". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024GRALT031.
Texto completoOver the past few decades, the development of zero-dimensional (0D) materials or quantum dots (QDs) has grown significantly. Among these materials, lead sulphide (PbS) QDs have received particular attention due to their outstanding properties, including tunable optical absorption from 600 to 2600 nm. PbS QDs are considered to be one of the most promising materials for the next generation of infrared sensors. There is therefore growing interest in their use in industrial applications. When these materials are integrated into optoelectronic devices, they require the use of efficient charge extraction electrodes, as well as a transparent electrical contact in the IR for better performance. In this thesis work, we studied the properties of hole extraction electrodes (HTL) based on transition metal oxides and the transparent electrical contact based on In2O3 (TCO or transparent and conductive oxide) prepared by sputtering. These studies were initially carried out on individual layers of TCO and HTL. Characterisation of the TCO films showed that hydrogen doping can improve their optical properties in the infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum (the region of interest for the targeted applications). Secondly, in order to fabricate photodiode structures, they were integrated onto a film of PbS QDs deposited on an electrode optimised for electron extraction and transport. Appropriate characterisations have shown that ultra-thin NiOx films can be better alternatives to the MoOx layers traditionally used as hole extraction and transport materials on PbS QD films
Benwadih, Mohammed. "Transistors souples et hautes performances à oxydes métalliques semi-conducteurs". Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10192.
Texto completoFlexible electronics has experienced major advances in these last years. Indeed, the boom of flat panel displays (LCDs, AMOLED.) market is undergoing an exponential increase. One of the alternative solutions to amorphous silicon (a-Si) commonly used nowadays in these products is the development of metal oxide semiconductors. These materials are experiencing a huge consideration in both academic and industrial research, as well as in development labs due to their multiple performances. Besides their high electrical properties, with typical charge carrier mobilities in the order of 10 cm2V-1s-1. They can also be processed giving crystalline or amorphous structures. In this work, we have chosen to develop a complete chemical process based on the sol-gel technique to elaborate ternary metal oxide semiconductors, refered as In-(X)-Zn-O (IXZO) using different metal X as dopants. This innovative process for metal oxide semiconductors has allowed us to determine the best chemical composition, leading to a high stability and excellent electrical performances. Then, after having optimized the technological barriers (composition, doping, concentration, interfaces ...), we have characterized the nanostructure of these materials and evidence a phase segregation of the elementary oxides inside the material. We have also obtained a better understanding of charge transport properties in these semiconductors and assessed a percolation-based conduction model valid over a wide range of metal dopants. Finally, we have developed and optimized a combined thermal and UV flash lamp annealing process and demonstrated the feasibility of the integration of metal oxides on flexible substrates
Souque, Matthieu. "Développement de conducteurs moléculaires et d'oxydes métalliques nanostructurés pour l'industrie aérospatiale". Toulouse 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOU30022.
Texto completoThe preparation of nanostructured materials by chemical methods yielded to competitive solutions for three applications chosen by Thales Alenia Space and the CNES. The main part of the work was dedicated to obtaining light and easy to handle materials for Electro Magnetic Interference (EMI) shielding and absorption beyond 10 GHz, in order to ensure the EM Compatibility (EMC) in hermetic Radio Frequency (RF) electronic boxes on-board satellites. The developed colloidal solutions of the molecular conductor TTF-TCNQ can be directly deposited onto various substrates. The deposited films exhibit real and imaginary permittivities above 100 between 1 and 18 GHz and consequently excellent EMI shielding performance for a material density lower than carbon's. Composite materials containing this material have also been prepared to demonstrate the ability to control the material permittivities on purpose to prepare Radar Absorbing Materials (RAM). The second issue addressed during this work was conferring an antistatic property to a passive thermal control coating without degradation of its thermo-optical properties. The use of a chemical approach to nucleate ZnO particles into the resin yielded to 3 nm particles without agglomerates in the resin. The thermo-optical properties of these composites were superior to sonically dispersed particles prepared in the past. The Electrostatic Surface Discharge (ESD) tests were to be carried out at ONERA after this work. Last, we evaluated the performances of dosimeters whose sensitive material was nanostructured Sn/SnOx. Their sensibilities to gamma rays (measured at ONERA) were similar to the latest RADFET and they exhibited an excellent morphological stability under harsh solicitations
Alhamed, Mounir. "Utilisation des conducteurs transparents SnO2 et In2O3 dopé Sn dans la conversion de l'énergie solaire". Montpellier 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987MON20246.
Texto completoChavillon, Benoît. "Synthèse et caractérisation d'oxydes transparents conducteurs de type p pour application en cellules solaires à colorant". Nantes, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NANT2024.
Texto completoThe objective of the thesis was clearly identified as the synthesis of nanostructured p-type semi-conductors for the fabrication of p-Dye Sensitized Solar Cells (p-DSSCs). In that framework, our studies concerned first the preparation of crack free homogeneous films of NiO with control of their thickness by an hydrothermal method. Then, a low fraction of metallic nickel was systematically detected which could explain in part the good photovoltaic performances of solar cell with NiO as photocathode. However, to achieve higher yield, NiO must be replaced by an other p-type semiconductor to deliver higher Voc. In that context, the synthesis of CuGaO2 nanoparticles by an hydrothermal method was undertaken with ethylene glycol as reducing agent. P-DSSC was set up with this material and exhibits interesting photovoltaic performance. In parallel, synthesis of nanoparticles of LaOCuS was carried out. Unfortunately, this compound has not been tested in dye sensitized solar cell because of a lack of an appropriate redox mediator. Finally, the stabilization of p-type ZnO:N was performed by nitridation of zinc peroxide ZnO2. This compound crystallizes with a wurtzite structure which accommodates the presence of peroxide groups, nitride anions and zinc vacancies
Bizo, Liliana. "Nouveaux oxydes conducteurs transparents à structure fluorine déficitaire en oxygène, contenant de l’antimoine (V) ou des paires cationiques M(II)/Sb(V) ou Sn(IV) : cristallochimie et propriétés physiques". Caen, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CAEN2052.
Texto completoThe synthesis, the crystal chemistry and the physical properties of new transparent conducting oxides (TCOs) have been investigated in indium rich oxides. The various compositions and solid solutions systematically exhibit the oxygen deficient fluorine type of the MO2-x oxides, namely: the bixbyite type for x = 0,5 and the M7O12 type for x = 0,29. Two main results have been obtained : 1° as present in In2O3 and the M7O12 type for the first time, antimony (V) yields a very good electrical conductivity and optical transparency, as well. The best example is found in the antimony doped indium oxide IAO. 2° the charge compensated cationic substitutions of the divalent (Zn, Cu)/pentavalent (Sb) or tetravalent Sn(IV) cationic pairs for In result in a good transparent conductivity, above all a rather low electrical resistivity, smaller than 10-3 Ωcm. The crystal chemical characterisation by X-ray diffraction and Time of Flight Neutron Diffraction (TOF) allows to get accurate information regarding the variation of the cell parameters and the metal-oxygen distances in the solid solutions and the cationic distribution: the latter one is of high interest as dealing with the case of the 4d10 isoelectronic cationic series In3+, Sn4+, Sb5+ and Te6+. The striking novelty of these results has to be found in the electrical conductivity and optical transparency which are obtained in a rather simple way i. E. After the last heating treatment at air. Using any reducing chemical procedure, as in the case of the preparation of the model oxide ITO, is fully unnecessary
Baba, Kamal. "Développement et optimisation du procédé Spray Plasma de dépôt de couches minces d'oxyde de zinc : application aux cellules photovoltaïques". Paris 13, 2013. http://scbd-sto.univ-paris13.fr/secure/edgalilee_th_2013_baba.pdf.
Texto completoThe aim of this work is the development and the optimization of a new method for ZnO thin film deposition for photovoltaic applications. The principle of this so called Spray Plasma process, is the injection of a spray of micro droplets of an aqueous solution of zinc in a low pressure plasma reactor. Under the effect of evaporation and Ar/O2 plasma reactivity, the precursor is converted to zinc oxide thin films on the substrate surface at controlled temperature. Chemical transformation involves oxygen and OH radicals, electrons and excited species from oxygen or argon. The experimental characterization of the discharge by emission spectroscopy and Langmuir probe allowed the plasma parameters to be determined such as electron temperature (2-4 eV), gas temperature (400 K) and the density of ions. In parallel, two models were developed: a hydrodynamic model to calculate the droplet size and temperature evolution in the reactor, and a kinetic model to calculate the plasma parameter evolution. The characterization of the films by different techniques (XRD and SEM) revealed nanostructured films with a typical deposition rate of 90 nm/min. Control of the deposition parameters such as precursor’s concentration and oxygen ratio allows the control of crystal orientation, thickness, surface roughness and grain size of the deposited films. We studied the role of each parameter on film growth and their properties and correlated these results with the characteristics of the plasma
Kayi-Maoumoucka, Jean-Claude. "Elaboration par procédé sol-gel et caractérisation de vitrocéramiques borogermanate et borosilicate contenant des semi-conducteurs (PbO, CdO, CdS)". Montpellier 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON20009.
Texto completoBenchikhi, Mohamed. "Élaboration par chimie douce et caractérisations de semi-conducteurs nanométriques à base de sulfures (de type CuInS2) et d'oxydes (de type CuMoO4)". Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1866/.
Texto completoThis manuscript decals with the elaboration by soft chemistry and the structural, morphological and physical characterization of semi-conductors based on: - Metallic sulfides CuInS2, CuIn(1-x)GaxS2, Cu2SnZnS4. - Metallic oxides CuMoO4, CuMo(1-x)WxO4. These materials exhibit potential applications on the field of photovoltaic conversion. The first part is concerned with the elaboration of nanoparticles of CuInS2 and Cu2SnZnS4. Tow synthesis methods are considered for the elaboration of these pure or doped sulfides, in the shape of nanometrical powders. The first method involves the reaction of metallic chlorides with a molten potassium thiocyanate medium (400°C). It is used for the first time for the synthesis of CuInS2 and Cu2SnZnS4. The second one is the polyol process. The precipitation occurs in ethylene glycol medium at 200°C. It is followed by a thermal treatment in molten potassium thiocyanate. The second part is devoted to the study of molybdates CuMo(1-x)WxO4 (With 0 = x= 0. 12). Four synthesis routes were used for the elaboration of these molybdates: solid state reactions, the Glycine-nitrate process (G. N. P), the acrylate way (steric trapping) and the citrate route. The syntheses were optimized and the powders obtained characterized by XRD and thermal analysis. The granulometry and the morphology of powders are dependent upon several parameters: The synthesis method, the source of copper, the pH, the citric acid/Cu ratio (Cit/Cu), the calcinations temperature and the concentration in tungsten. The gap of powders, evaluated by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy varies between 2. 02 eV for the molybdate a-CuMoO4 and 1. 67 eV of the molybdate γ-CuMo0,88W0,12O4. The last part of this work is dedicated to the sintering processes were investigated: conventional sintering and spark plasma sintering (SPS). The relative densities obtained for the non doped molybdate are respectively 95 and 99%. The SPS sintered ceramic exhibits a grain size (0,5 micrometre) significantly lowers than that (2 micrometre) of the conventionally sintered ore. A preliminary study of the sintering of CuMo(1-x)WxO4 (With 0 = x= 0. 12) has shown that the structure and the microstructure of the ceramics obtained is dependent upon the sintering method and the tungsten content
Ruiz, Preciado Marco Alejandro. "Synthèse, caractérisation et réponse photocatalytique des oxydes semi-conducteurs à base de NiTiO3". Thesis, Le Mans, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LEMA1037/document.
Texto completoThe thesis work is devoted to the synthesis of NiTiO3-based semiconductive structures, i.e. powders and thin films, and the investigation of their related properties with the aim of their applications in photocatalysis. Theoretical approach and numerical simulations of the electronic, vibrational and optical properties of bulk and nanosized NiTiO3 structures have been carried out in order to deepen the understanding of the experimental results. The synthesis of NiTiO3 powders has been achieved by sol-gel and solid state reaction, while NiTiO3 thin films have been grown by rf-sputtering.Characterizations on their structural, vibrational and optical properties confirm the stabilization of polycrystalline NiTiO3 in its ilmenite phase in both powders and thin films as well. The determination of a band gap at 2.25 eV suggests the feasibility to implement the synthesized materials as visible-light-active photocatalysts. This feature has been tested in thedegradation of methylene blue in aqueous solution using rf-sputtered NiTiO3 thin films irradiated with visible light,achieving the degradation of 60% of the initial concentration of the colorant in 300 minutes. In addition, the electro-oxidation of methanol has been accomplished by applying an external voltage on an electrode containing NiTiO3 powders in alkaline media. The Ni ions present in the catalyst have been identified as the active species with the oxidation of the organic molecules on the surface of Ni3+ sites. As a main achievement, NiTiO3 has been synthesized as powders and thin films with suitable characteristics for efficient heterogeneous photocatalysis and the catalytic capabilities of NiTiO3 have beendemonstrated on the photodegradation of Methylene Blue and the electro-oxidation of methanol
Habis, Christelle. "Development of ZnO-FTO nanocomposites for the use in transparent conductive thin films". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LORR0192.
Texto completoMy thesis work entitled “Development of ZnO-FTO nanocomposites for the use in transparent conductive thin films” is supervised by Professor Michel Aillerie at University of Lorraine. This work was mainly made at the “Laboratoire des Matériaux Optiques, Photoniques et Systèmes” LMOPS in Centrale Supélec, Metz. Although this work forms a whole in the elaboration of transparent conductive oxides, it is divided into two parts. The first part consists on identifying the properties of bulk materials (ZnO and FTO) deposited in the form of thin film. Whereas, the second part is about the elaboration and characterization of Zinc Oxide (ZnO) and Aluminum doped Zinc Oxide (AZO) nanofibers, then associated to FTO thin films to form nanocomposite. The main objective of this work is to make flexible electrodes using low cost and abundant material, but also improving the optical properties and more specifically the haze factor of the nanocomposite layers.Transparent conductive oxides (TCOs) are technologically significant class of materials extensively used in thin film solar cells due to their ability to transmit light and collect charge carriers. In addition to the fundamental qualities of transparency and conductivity, the TCOs are frequently desired to have a certain degree of surface roughness (i.e., texture) in order to effectively scatter transmitted light into the active materials, therefore lengthen the optical path and, as a result, enhance the performance of the cell and light absorption. This thesis focuses on the development of low-cost fabrication techniques for transparent oxide layers using non-polluting materials to enable the functionalization of operational devices with high efficiency for renewable energy production. The choice was made to study tin-based TCO layers doped with fluorine, F:SnO2, known as FTOs for "Fluor Tin Oxides". FTOs are wide band gap oxides, like ZnO, TiO2, Al2O3, pure or doped. In principle, these layers have a high scattering factor, as defined above, in order to improve the optical path and absorption. In addition, the optical texture of TCOs can be easily controlled by depositing suspensions of nanostructures before the film deposition. Generally, these nanostructures are nanoparticles or even carbon nanowires or metallic nanowires (silver, copper, ...) and more recently nanowires of TiO2 (presenting the disadvantage of the titanium element) or of undoped ZnO which unfortunately decrease the conductivity due to the increase of the interface resistance with the concentration of the nanoparticles.Therefore, we propose the study of FTO thin films, pure and also in the presence of ZnO and AZO nanofibers by electrospinning from a PVA-based solution in order to have a nanostructured layer with improved transparency and electrical conductivity properties to be integrated as transparent electrodes in photovoltaic cells, meeting the performance criteria defined above. With the characterization techniques available in the LMOPS laboratory and the University of Lorraine (SEM, Raman, EDX, DRX, UV-vis Spectro, ATG, AFM, profilometer) the growth will be followed by morphological and structural studies of the layers. Finally, electrical and optical properties, in particular absorption and scattering factor, will also be extensively investigated on selected layers with the best structural and morphological properties and the minimum of interface defects when deposited on a PV structure
Dauzhenka, Taras. "Couches minces d'oxyde d'étain : la localisation faible et les effets de l'interaction". Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00589730.
Texto completoCheikh, Aimane. "Etudes des hétérostructures à bases d'oxydes complexes pour de potentielles utilisations en cellules solaires". Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMC208.
Texto completoDue to their promising functional properties, ternary oxide thin films based on Vanadium have gained much research interest in photovoltaic technologies.During this work, we first studied the possibility to use the strongly correlated metal SrVO3 as a transparent conducting oxide (TCO). For this reason, we have studied the optoelectronic properties of SrVO3 under different growth conditions. Second, our study was focused on making band gap-graded design solar cells based on oxide heterostructures. LaVO3 is particularly interesting due to its optical band gap localized in the optimal range for harvesting solar light. Accordingly, the LaVO3 was synthetized on SrTiO3 substrate under different growth conditions. Optical measurements reveal that LaVO3/SrTiO3 heterostructure grown at low oxygen pressure possess a band gap of 1.18 eV in the ideal energy range for photovoltaic. Electrical properties show that the interface LaVO3/ SrTiO3 is conducting, serving as an electrical contact for solar cells. Another interest of LaVO3 is its crystalline structure offering the possibility to combine it with other structurally compatible transition metal oxides with larger band gap such as LaFeO3 (2.2 eV) in order to enhance the optical absorption at high energy. Once the optoelectronic properties have been established, the LFO/LVO heterostructure was synthetized on SrTiO3 substrate at low oxygen pressure. The physical properties of our system have been also investigated for different LaFeO3 thickness but, to date, no photoconductivity was obtained
Bose, Sourav. "Development and Study of Earth-Abundant Oxide Based Thin Films for Solar Cells by Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis : From Unbeknownst to Erudite Processes". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LORR0131.
Texto completoThe results on elaboration of environmentally compatible, earth-abundant metal oxide thin films using the technique of ultrasonic spray pyrolysis are presented. Three essential materials are developed for the purpose of realization of an “all-oxide” solar cell device: Zinc oxide (ZnO) as window layer; zinc magnesium oxide (ZnMgO) as a buffer layer and cuprous oxide (Cu2O) used as an absorber layer. Comprehensive design of experiments was set up for the elaboration of each material. Highly transparent ZnO was elaborated in wide range of thickness with high crystalline qualities with specific elaboration temperature with a precise control on the concentration of the precursors. ZnMgO was elaborated by varying the molar compositions of the magnesium precursor in the precursor solution. Up to nearly 30 % of Mg, the ZnMgO films exhibited single crystalline phase with high transparencies. High-absorbing Cu 2 O elaboration was optimized with effective control on the elaboration temperature and the concentration of a new reducing agent (D-sorbitol). To expand the horizon of efficiency of our elaboration process, two more materials, ZnAlO and ZnAlMgO, were elaborated. It was found that the optical, electrical, and structural properties of the ZnAlO films could be modulated for use in “all-oxide” solar cells by varying magnesium (up to 7 mol%) and aluminum (up to 2 %). The bandgap energies and the electrical properties of the films were modulated with the co-doping so that they can be integrated as window/top-contact/buffer layers in “all-oxide” solar cells. Additionally, simulations performed using Silvaco Atlas® and Solis also demonstrates the applicability of these films for “all-oxide” solar cells
Garnier, Jérôme. "Elaboration de couches minces d'oxydes transparents et conducteurs par spray cvd assiste par radiation infrarouge pour applications photovoltaÏques". Phd thesis, 2009. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00005629.
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