Tesis sobre el tema "Oxidation of Soot"
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Meredith, Owain. "Passive catalytic soot oxidation". Thesis, Cardiff University, 2017. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/110463/.
Texto completoSong, Haiwen. "Diesel soot oxidation under controlled conditions". Thesis, Brunel University, 2003. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/4814.
Texto completoGenc, Volkan Eyup. "Diesel Soot Oxidation Catalyst Filter System Design". Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12606189/index.pdf.
Texto completos (Corning EX-80) were coated with the catalyst by a slurry wash-coating procedure and then mounted on the exhaust stream of a diesel light duty vehicle (LDV) provided by TOFAS (FIAT Doblo 1.9 JTD). These vehicles were driven on the rollers of the chassis dynamometer at constant speed and gear for two different loading conditions and on a standard driving cycle (NEDC) in the Test and Emission Laboratory of TOFAS-FIAT. The exhaust gases were analyzed for NOx, CO, CO2, THC and PM. The pressure drop caused by the filter was monitored during these tests as an indication of soot accumulation on the filter with the help of pressure sensors placed before and after the filter. Also temperatures before, inside and after the filter were monitored by means of thermocouples. Three different filters were tested in this manner: (1) Monocoated (CoOx), (2) Sequential PbOx coated over CoOx (PbOx/CoOx), (3) Simultaneously coated (PbCoOx). Also tests with the uncoated filter were performed to determine the pressure drops as a result of non-catalytic soot oxidation. The performances of the catalytic filters were evaluated by determining the temperature at which the soot oxidation rate on the filter equals the soot production rate in the engine (balance point temperature-Tbal). This temperature was used for comparing the catalytic activity of the supported catalyst with that of the powder form tested in the laboratory, i. e. Tpeak. The results of the onboard test were in parallel with the previous laboratory studies with similar catalytic activity temperatures. The continuous regeneration temperatures (Tbal) obtained in onboard tests with PbOx/CoOx and PbCoOx filters of about 370oC, which was close to the values attained in the lab study with the same mixed metal oxide catalyst having a Tpeak value of 385oC. Also the PM emissions during the tests were complying with the current EURO-IV emission limits.
Lau, Aaron. "Oxidation of soot with modified silver catalysts". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:138e06c2-ce59-4754-a71a-d2dc0c52ecbe.
Texto completoRaj, Abhijeet. "Formation, growth and oxidation of soot : a numerical study". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.608718.
Texto completoWoods, Ian Thomas. "Hydrocarbon reactions and soot growth in fuel-rich flames". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 1988. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/26236.
Texto completoHinot, Karelle. "Catalytic soot oxidation by platinum on sintered metal filters influence of the platinum quantity, particle size and location, and investigation of the platinum soot contact /". Karlsruhe : Univ.-Verl. Karlsruhe, 2007. http://www.uvka.de/univerlag/volltexte/2007/201/.
Texto completoHinot, Karelle. "Catalytic soot oxidation by platinum on sintered metal filters influence of the platinum quantity, particle size and location, and investigation of the platinum soot contact". Karlsruhe Univ.-Verl. Karlsruhe, 2006. http://www.uvka.de/univerlag/volltexte/2007/201/.
Texto completoKleiveland, Rune Natten. "Modelling of Soot Formation and Oxidation in Turbulent Diffusion Flames". Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering Science and Technology, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-702.
Texto completoSoot and radiation play an important role when designing practical combustion devices, and great efforts have been put into developing models which describe soot formation and oxidation. The Eddy Dissipation Concept (EDC) has proven to describe turbulent combustion well, and has the flexibility to describe chemical kinetics in a detailed manner. The aim of this work is to study how the EDC handles soot models based on a detailed representation of the gas-phase chemical kinetics.
Two versions of a semi-empirical soot model is used in conjunction with the EDC. Concentrations of various intermediate species are used as input to the soot models.
The implementation of the new soot models is discussed in relation to the previous implementation of a less detailed soot model. To assure that the interaction between soot and the gas-phase species is represented correctly, the soot models are implemented with a two-way coupling of soot and gas-phase kinetics.
Soot is a good radiator. In a sooting flame a substantial amount of energy will be transferred to the surroundings by thermal radiation. This transfer of energy will alter the temperature field of the flame and the change in temperature will affect the kinetics of soot and gas-phase chemistry. To simulate sooting flames correctly, it was therefore necessary to include a radiation model.
To validate the coupled models of turbulence, combustion, soot, and radiation two different turbulent flames were simulated. One turbulent jet flame of methane and one turbulent jet flame of ethylene. For both flames the computed results were compared with measured values.
Several aspects of the simulations are studied and discussed, such as the effect of the two-way coupling of soot and gas-phase kinetics on both soot yield and gas-phase composition, and the importance of a suitable radiation model.
The two-way coupling of soot and gas phase kinetics is shown to have a positive effect on the computed soot volume fractions, and the results are considered to be encouraging. The work has demonstrated that the EDC has the capacity to handle different types of chemical reaction mechanisms, such as mechanisms for gas-phase combustion and soot kinetics, without modification.
Demosthenous, Alexis. "Soot formation and oxidation in a high-pressure spray flame". Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.424461.
Texto completoSalenbauch, Steffen [Verfasser]. "Modeling of Soot Formation and Oxidation in Reacting Flows / Steffen Salenbauch". München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1174426152/34.
Texto completoAkbari, Kalhor F. "The effect of additives on the oxidation and structure of soot". Thesis, Imperial College London, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/38216.
Texto completoRankin, Bret A. "Design and development of a microwave enhanced diesel soot oxidation system". Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 1999. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1058.
Texto completoTitle from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xiv, 347 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 272-276).
Pettersson, Henrik. "Chemical analysis for mapping of soot reactivity". Thesis, KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-153489.
Texto completoFör att kunna förbättra regenereringen av dieselpartikelfilter krävs en ökad kunskap om dieselsot och dess reaktivitet. I detta examensarbete jämförs sot som skapas vid accelererad sotinlagring genom sänkt railtryck, med sot från normal sotinlagring. Hur sotets egenskaper påverkar dess reaktivitet undersöks också genom termogravimetrisk analys, svepelektronmikroskopi, energidispersiv röntgenspektroskopi, BET-kväveadsorption och FTIR-spektroskopi. Hur väl dessa analysmetoder lämpar sig för analys av sot utvärderades också. Sotproverna utgjordes av två så kallade ”carbon black” för referens (Printex U och Vulcan XC 72), fyra accelererade sotprov och två icke-accelererade prov. Resultaten visade att de accelererade proverna innehöll mindre flyktiga organiska föreningar än icke-accelererade sot och krävde något högre temperaturer för att oxideras i luft. Sot med ett högt syre/kol-förhållande och höga nivåer av flyktiga organiska föreningar visade sig vara mest reaktivt. Den mest användbara metoden för att analysera sot var den termogravimetriska analysen. Svepelektronmikroskopi och energidispersiv röntgenspektroskopi var användbara som komplementerande metoder men FTIR-spektroskopi gav väldigt lite användbar information. Ingen konkret slutsats drogs gällande nyttan av BET-kväveadsorption.
Waglöhner, Steffen [Verfasser] y H. [Akademischer Betreuer] Bockhorn. "Oxidation of soot on iron oxide catalysts / Steffen Waglöhner. Betreuer: H. Bockhorn". Karlsruhe : KIT-Bibliothek, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1021178713/34.
Texto completoLoukou, Alexandra [Verfasser]. "Thermal Partial Oxidation and Soot Formation in Porous Inert Media / Alexandra Loukou". Aachen : Shaker, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1050342259/34.
Texto completoYAMAMOTO, Kazuhiro, Shingo SATAKE, Hiroshi YAMASHITA, Akira OBUCHI y Junko UCHISAWA. "Simulation on Soot Oxidation with NO2 and O2 in a Diesel Particulate Filter". The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/9385.
Texto completoHanaki, Yasunari y Kazuhiro Yamamoto. "Microfluidic Simulation of Diesel Exhaust Gas and Soot Oxidation in Diesel Particulate Filter". SAE International, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/20341.
Texto completoMARTINOVITY, FERENC. "Coupling of soot oxidation and ammonia-mediated selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides". Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2907024.
Texto completoAhmadinejad, Mehrdad. "Modelling soot oxidation in DPF and modelling of PGM loading effect in a DOC". Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2016. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7062/.
Texto completoRamdas, Ragini. "Targeting the complete range of soot components through the catalytic oxidation of diesel particulates". Thesis, Cardiff University, 2014. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/59466/.
Texto completoWick, Achim [Verfasser]. "Population Balance Modeling and Large-Eddy Simulation of Soot Formation and Oxidation / Achim Wick". Düren : Shaker, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1206855894/34.
Texto completoVillalta, Lara David. "RADIATION HEAT TRANSFER IN DIRECT-INJECTION DIESEL ENGINES". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/114793.
Texto completoEn els últims anys, la recerca en motors de combustió ha estat focalitzada principalment en la reducció de les emissions contaminants i la millora de la eficiència. Aquests fets afegits al fet del augment de la conscienciació del canvi climàtic han impulsat el interés per incrementar la eficiència tèrmica per damunt de altres criteris en el disseny de motors de combustió interna alternatius (MCIA). Per aconseguir aquest objectiu, existixen diferents estratègies a aplicar. Concretament, la transferència de calor a les parets de la càmera de combustió pot ser considerada un dels principals focs de reducció de eficiència indicada. En particular, en els moderns motors dièsel de injecció directa, la emissió de radiació de les partícules de sutja pot constituir un component important de les pèrdues de eficiència. En aquest context s'emmarca el objectiu principal de la tesis: contribuir a la comprensió de la transferència de calor per radiació en la combustió dièsel de injecció directa i la millora del coneixement del procés de formació-oxidació de la sutja. El treball esta basat tant en resultats experimentals mediant l'aplicació de tècniques òptiques en diverses tipologies de motor com en resultants simulats a partir de models unidimensionals validats. En la primera part dels resultats experimentals, s'ha avaluat la quantitat de energia per radiació respecte a la energia química del combustible mediant la aplicació de una sonda optoelectrònica (basada en la tècnica del 2-Colors) tant en un motor òptic DI com en un motor poli-cilíndric DI de producció en serie. En aquest estudi s'han obtingut valors de intensitat espectral emesa per la sutja i posteriorment, la radiació total emesa per les partícules de sutja en tot el espectre. Com s'ha citat amb anterioritat, les partícules de sutja son les principals responsables de la transferència de calor per radiació, a més de un del principals agents contaminants emès per els motors dièsel. Les emissions de sutja son el resultat de dos processos antagonistes: la formació i la oxidació de sutja. Els mecanismes de formació de sutja es discuteixen àmpliament en la literatura. No obstant això, existeixen deficiències pel que fa al coneixement de l'oxidació de sutja. Per tant, l'objectiu d'aquesta secció ha sigut avaluar l'impacte del procés de mescla i la temperatura del gas sobre el procés d'oxidació de sutja durant l'última part de la combustió sota condicions reals d'operació. Finalment, i en base als resultats i coneixements adquirits fins aquest moment, s'ha desenvolupat un model que permet predir les perdudes de calor però radiació per a un raig dièsel. El model esta basat en tres sub-models: model de raig, el qual analitza i caracteritza la estructura interna del raig en termes de mescla i combustió en un procés de injecció amb resolució temporal i espacial. Un model de sutja, en el qual els resultats es justifiquen en funció del procés de formació i oxidació de la sutja. La cohesió d'aquests dos sub-models s'utilitza per obtindre els valors d'entrada al model de radiació, amb el que s'obté els valors de transferència de calor per radiació per a una flama dièsel.
In the last two decades engine research has been mainly focused on reducing pollutant emissions and increasing efficiency. These facts together with growing awareness about the impacts of climate change are leading to an increase in the importance of thermal efficiency over other criteria in the design of internal combustion engines (ICE). To achieve the objective, there are different strategies to apply. The heat transfer to the combustion chamber walls can be considered as one of the main sources of indicated efficiency diminution. In particular, in modern direct-injection diesel engines, the radiation emission from soot particles can constitute a significant component of the efficiency losses. In this context, the main objective of the thesis is framed: to contribute to the understanding of the radiation heat transfer in DI diesel combustion together with the improvement of the knowledge in the soot formation-oxidation processes. The work has been based on experimental results through the optical technique application in different types of engine and on simulated results from validated one-dimensional models. In the first part of experimental results, the amount of energy lost to soot radiation relative to the input fuel chemical energy has been evaluated by means of the optoelectronic probe application (based on the 2-Color technique) in both an optical engine DI and a production 4-cylinder DI engine. In this study, the values of soot spectral intensity emitted have been obtained and later, the total radiation emitted by the soot particles in the whole spectrum. As mentioned above, soot particles are the main responsible for the radiation heat transfer, in addition to one of the important concern in meeting emissions regulations. Soot emissions are the result of two competing processes: soot formation and soot oxidation. Mechanisms of soot formation are discussed extensively in the literature. However, there are deficiencies in the knowledge of soot oxidation. Therefore, the objective of this section has been to evaluate the impact of mixing process and bulk gas temperature on late-cycle soot oxidation process under real operating conditions. Finally, based on the results and knowledge acquired, a model able to predict heat losses by radiation for a spray diesel has been developed. The model is based on three sub-models: spray model, which analyzes and characterizes the internal spray structure in terms of mixing and combustion process with temporal and spatial resolution. A soot model, in which the results have been justified according to soot formation and oxidation processes. The link of these two sub-models has been used to obtain the input values to the radiation model, which the radiation heat transfer values for a diesel flame are obtained.
Villalta Lara, D. (2018). RADIATION HEAT TRANSFER IN DIRECT-INJECTION DIESEL ENGINES [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/114793
TESIS
GÓMEZ, AGUILERA Miguel. "Metaloxid katalysatorer för oxidering av kolmonoxid och förbränning av sot". Thesis, KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-173384.
Texto completoYamamoto, Kazuhiro y Koji Tsuneyoshi. "Experimental study of hexagonal and square diesel particulate filters under controlled and uncontrolled catalyzed regeneration". Elsevier, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/20050.
Texto completoRoth, Kolja [Verfasser]. "Soot Formation during the Production of Syngas from the Partial Oxidation of Diesel Fuel / Kolja Roth". Aachen : Shaker, 2007. http://d-nb.info/1170526829/34.
Texto completoYamauchi, Kazuki y Kazuhiro Yamamoto. "Numerical simulation of continuously regenerating diesel particulate filter". Elsevier, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/20043.
Texto completoLautenberger, Christopher W. "CFD simulation of soot formation and flame radiation". Link to electronic thesis, 2002. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-0115102-002543.
Texto completoKeywords: soot formation; FDS; flame radiation; soot oxidation; field modeling; diffusion flames; soot. Includes bibliographical references (p. 14-15).
Cerit, Ersen Recep. "Investigation Of The Effect Of Oxidation Filters On The Particulate Emissions Of Diesel Engines". Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607561/index.pdf.
Texto completoGuo, Yi. "The effect of biodiesel soot structure on diesel particulate filter (DPF) performance". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2020. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/204305/1/Yi_Guo_Thesis.pdf.
Texto completoContreras, Rodriguez Jorge Omar. "Numerical study of soot formation / oxidation mechanisms and radiative heat transfer in closed-and open - tip laminar diffusion flames". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4757/document.
Texto completoMicrogravity ethylene laminar boundary layer diffusion flames generated by a flat porous burner and characterized by the fuel injection velocities of 3 and 4 mm/s and an oxidizer velocity of 250 mm/s have been simulated by using an accurate radiation model, a comprehensive kinetic mechanism, and a soot model consisting of inception as a result of the collision of two pyrene molecules, heterogeneous surface growth and oxidation following the hydrogen abstraction acetylene addition (HACA) mechanism, soot particle coagulation, and PAH surface condensation. Model predictions are in reasonable agreement with the experimental data in terms of the stand-off distance and soot volume fraction. The stand-off distance and soot production are enhanced as the fuel velocity increases. H and OH radicals, responsible of the de-hydrogenation of sites in the HACA process, and pyrene, of the species for soot inception and PAH condensation processes, are found to be located in a region that follows the stand-off distance. Soot is then produced in this region and is transported inside the boundary layer by convection and thermophoresis. Radiative loss is substantially higher in these flames than in normal gravity diffusion flames owing to much longer residence times. Calculations carried out by neglecting soot radiation and by using the optically-thin approximation (OTA) revealed that soot dominates the radiative heat transfer in these flames and that the use of OTA gives rise to significant discrepancies in temperature and soot volume fraction
Emmerich, Thomas [Verfasser], Martin [Akademischer Betreuer] Muhler y Wolfgang [Akademischer Betreuer] Grünert. "Ceria- and zirconia-based materials for the catalytic oxidation of CO and soot / Thomas Emmerich. Gutachter: Martin Muhler ; Wolfgang Grünert". Bochum : Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1099703549/34.
Texto completoKeller, Michel. "Development of a multi-scale approach using chemical kinetics and reactive force field molecular dynamics to model soot formation and oxidation". Thesis, Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019IPPAE005.
Texto completoIn the present study bond formation reactions between soot precursors and their role in the soot inception process is investigated. The soot precursors were generated in macroscopic detailed gas-phase kinetic calculations and according to certain criteria introduced in simulation boxes to model bond formation between soot precursor molecules with reactive force field molecular dynam-ics modeling. The impacts of temperature, fuel mixture and equivalence ratio have been investigated on the rate and structure of the newly formed molecules. The resulting structures compare well to previously reported experimental results. Furthermore, the bond formation rate between PAH is found to be linearly correlated with the temperature at which the PAH precursors are generated, while fuel and equivalence ratio do not have a direct impact on the reaction rate. The generated growth structures are lumped in: 1) directly linked, 2) aliphatically linked and 3) pericondensed polycyclic hydrocarbons. It is found that the amount of aliphatically linked PAH increases with the amount of aliphatic content of fuel mixture. Finally, a reaction scheme is presented displaying the most representative reaction pathways to form growth structures in each lumping class and their eventual intercon-version. The present work – that applies a combined approach of macroscopic gas-phase kinetic calculations and atomistic reactive force field simulations – offers a good alternative to obtain structural differences of nascent soot for a broad range of thermodynamic conditions and detailed reaction mechanisms for soot inception process
DOSA, MELODJ. "Nanostructured ceria-based catalysts for automotive application - Formulation of nanostructured systems for diesel and gasoline-type engines". Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2903500.
Texto completoHinot, Karelle [Verfasser]. "Catalytic soot oxidation by platinum on sintered metal filters : influence of the platinum quantity, particle size and location, and investigation of the platinum soot contact / Universität Karlsruhe (TH), Institut für Mechanische Verfahrenstechnik und Mechanik (IMVM) ... Von Karelle Hinot". Karlsruhe : Univ.-Verl. Karlsruhe, 2007. http://d-nb.info/983649804/34.
Texto completoSARTORETTI, ENRICO. "Doped ceria nanostructures for the oxidation of pollutants: investigations into the role of defect sites". Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2910076.
Texto completoANDANA, TAHRIZI. "Roles of morphology and foreign metals of ceria-based catalysts in improving oxidations of Diesel vehicle pollutants". Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2669105.
Texto completoDE, SIMONE GIULIO. "Analisi teorica, progettazione e sperimentazione di sistemi per la produzione di idrogeno da idrocarburi". Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2108/1093.
Texto completoScope of this work is to examine design issues concerning the reforming of the hydrocarbons in compact systems, which can be used for hydrogen generation onboard vehicles. Several models have been developed in order to build a comprehensive fluid dynamics tool to simulate physical and chemical phenomena that affect reforming process. Models have been extensively validated on results from scientific literature and "Direct" project, a research program funded by the European Union which concern Diesel fuel reforming. The models were then used successfully in the design of two reactors, the first called "Prometer", the other "Syngas UTV", which are capable of operating Catalytic Partial Oxidation (CPOx) of liquid fuels and gaseous fuels respectively. The two multifuel systems have been tested with Diesel fuel and methane. In particular, the choice of run "Prometer" reactor with Diesel fuel is due to the fact that gasoil CPOx is particularly difficult due to soot formation, which often involves fast and irreversible shutdown of the reactor. For this reason, the development of stable and long-life CPOx reactors for Diesel fuel is still an objective for scientific community. The experimental result were successful, even for Diesel reforming, since no soot formation was observed during experiments. To this goal, fuel vaporization and mixing were found to have a key role.
Andana, Tahrizi. "Roles of morphology and foreign metals of ceria-based catalysts in improving oxidations of Diesel vehicle pollutants". Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1066.
Texto completoThe present work highlights well-defined nanostructured ceria; a morphology that bestows exceptional catalytic activity on ceria towards soot oxidation. The work includes also introduction of promoting foreign metals, such as praseodymium and zirconium, to well-defined nanostructured ceria as a means of improving reducibility, thermal stability and oxygen storage capacity of the catalyst. Temperature-programmed oxidation (TPO) has been used for analyzing catalytic activity. At the first stage of the research, nanostructured equimolar ceria-praseodymia (denoted as Ce50Pr50-NP) was found to have the highest amount of surface oxygen, the highest reducibility and the highest catalytic activity towards soot oxidation. The nanostructured morphology has been proven to raise the functionality of praseodymia as the foreign metal in ceria. The work also introduces small, silane-stabilized Pt nanoparticles. Upon calcination, silyl ligands are transformed into siliceous patches that prevent the particle from migrating/coalescing. Cu nanoparticles have been prepared the same way as Pt nanoparticles; however, they sinter even under milder thermal treatment. The small Pt-NPs are proven active towards all pollutant oxidations, including NOx-assisted soot oxidation, and they function better with nanostructured ceria as the support. Unexpectedly, Ce50Pr50-NP gives higher activity towards NOx-assisted soot oxidation than Pt catalysts. Intense NO conversion and NO2 adsorption on the surface of Ce50Pr50-NP are the reason behind its high activity
Chhiti, Younes. "Gazéification non catalytique des huiles de pyrolyse de bois sous vapeur d'eau". Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INPT0064/document.
Texto completoEnergy production from ligno-cellulosic biomass via gasification technology appears as an attractive option in the current energy context. The combination of decentralized fast pyrolysis of biomass to produce bio-oil, followed by transportation and gasification of bio-oil in bio-refinery has appeared as one of the most economically viable methods for syngas (H2+CO) production. The objective of this work is to bridge the lack of knowledge concerning the physicochemical transformation of bio-oil into syngas using non catalytic steam gasification in entrained flow reactors. This complex process involves vaporization, thermal cracking reactions with formation of gas, tars and two solid residues - char and soot - that are considered as undesirable products. This is followed by steam reforming of gas and tars, together with char and soot conversion. To better understand the process, the first step of gasification (pyrolysis) and thereafter the whole process (pyrolysis + gasification) were studied. The pyrolysis study focused on the influence of the heating rate, the final pyrolysis temperature and the ash content of bio-oil on char, tars and gas yields. At the higher heating rate char yield is smaller than 1%. In addition, ash seems to promote polymerization reactions and causes a decrease of gas yield. Concerning gasification, the effect of temperature on syngas yield and composition was studied. An increase in the reaction temperature implies higher hydrogen yield and higher solid carbon conversion. A thermodynamic equilibrium calculation showed that equilibrium was reached at 1400°C. Finally, the soot formation and oxidation mechanisms were investigated through experiments in three different atmospheres: inert (pyrolysis), rich in steam (gasification) and in the presence of oxygen (partial oxidation). A semi-empirical model was proposed and validated. It is based on detailed chemistry to describe gas phase reactions, a single reaction using C2H2 concentration to describe soot formation and one main heterogeneous reaction to describe soot oxidation
MARIN, FIGUEREDO MIGUEL JOSE. "Metal Oxide Catalysts for the Abatement of Volatile Organic Compounds and Carbonaceous Particulate Matter". Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2966339.
Texto completoObeid, Emil. "Catalyseurs conducteurs ioniques pour l'oxydation des suies". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10150/document.
Texto completoThis study aims to develop a new family of catalysts for diesel soot combustion to produce and optimize self-DPFs, based on ionic conducting ceramics, able to continuously burn soot particulates at low temperatures without fuel overconsumption and without the use of noble metals. The investigated catalysts are oxygen ionically conducting ceramics. Yttria stabilized Zirconia (8-YSZ containing 8 mol% of yttria) was chosen as the reference catalyst due to its high thermal and chemical stability and good ionic conductivity. A set of experiments was implemented to vary different parameters that can influence the reactivity of the reference catalyst. All of these studies have resulted in several major conclusions. Oxygen species active to oxidize soot particles at low temperature are those contained in the catalyst. An electrochemical type mechanism as in a fuel cell but at the nanoscale was proposed: the soot oxidation represents the anodic reaction which occurs at the contact points soot / 8-YSZ/O2 (gas) electrons are diffused through soot particles to triple points between the soot particles (electronic conductor), the gas phase (presence of oxygen) and 8-YSZ (ion conductor) where the cathodic reaction takes place with the incorporation of gaseous oxygen into the ceramic. The key parameters that influence the catalytic activity of 8-YSZ are soot / catalyst contact and thus the agglomerates size of the catalyst powder, the oxygen partial pressure in the gas phase and the mobility of oxygen in the catalyst
Talbaut, Martine. "Etude de la formation et de l'oxydation des suies dans des flammes de diffusion laminaires d'éthylène : approches expérimentale et numérique". Rouen, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ROUES015.
Texto completoShehee, Thomas Charles. "The Americium/lanthanide separation conundrum selective oxidation or soft donor complexants? /". Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2010. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Spring2010/T_Shehee_041510.pdf.
Texto completoKhan, Munirah Atique [Verfasser]. "The Study of MnOx Catalysts for Water Oxidation by Soft X-Ray Spectroscopy / Munirah Atique Khan". Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1075757657/34.
Texto completoAmoah, Enoch. "Modification of Chemical Vapor-Deposited Carbon Electrodes with Electrocatalytic Metal Nanoparticles through a Soft Nitriding Technique". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3616.
Texto completoZhou, Ya-Mei. "Pulmonary oxidative stress and NF-[kappa]B activation in response to inhaled iron and soot particles in rats /". For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2002. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
Texto completoCarvalho, Leila Moreira de. "Características bioquímicas e químicas em filés de peito de frango com anomalia pfn (pale, firm, non-exudative) e pse (pale, soft, exudative)". Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2016. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/9434.
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Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq
In the past decades, the intense genetic selection aiming at the increase of productive efficiency of chickens resulted in changes in the meat quality. The broiler breast meat have been classified in three group of quality, Normal, PSE (Pale, Soft, Exudative) and DFD (Dark, Firm, Dry); however, recently, due to the appearance with pale color and normal firmness, another category of meat quality was suggested as PFN (Pale, Firm, Non-exudative). Considering the absence of studies about the incidence of anomalies of color in broiler breast in the Northeast of Brazil, this work aimed at verifying the incidence of these anomalies in the region and carrying out the chemical and biochemical characterization of these meats. This samples were collected in a commercial slaughterhouse and evaluated the parameters of color (L *, a *, b *), pH, water-holding capacity, cooking loss, shear force, myofibrillar fragmentation index, protein denaturation, mineral and fatty acids content, TBARS values, warmed-over flavor and total carbonyls. The broiler breast meat (n = 838) were classified in three categories: Normal (44
Nas últimas décadas, a intensa seleção genética visando o aumento da eficiência produtiva de frangos resultou em modificações na qualidade da carne. Os peitos de frango tem sido classificados em três grupos de qualidade, Normal, PSE (Pale, Soft, Exudative) e DFD (Dark, Firm, Dry); porém, recentemente, devido a aparência com cor pálida e firmeza normal, outra categoria de qualidade de carne foi sugerida a PFN (Pale, Firm, Non-exudative). Considerando-se a ausência de estudos sobre a incidência de anomalias de cor em peitos de frango no Nordeste do Brasil, objetivou-se, neste trabalho verificar a incidência dessas anomalias na região e realizar a caracterização química e bioquímicas dessas carnes. Para isso, foram coletadas amostras em um abatedouro comercial e avaliados os parâmetros de cor (L*, a*, b*), pH, capacidade de retenção de água, perda de peso por cozimento, força de cisalhamento, índice de fragmentação miofibrilar, desnaturação proteica, teor de minerais e de ácidos graxos, número de TBARS, aroma requentado e carbonilas totais. Os filés de peito de frango (n=838) foram classificados em três categorias: Normal (44
Mawudoku, Daniel. "Immobilization of Electrocatalytically Active Gold Nanoparticles on Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Fiber Electrodes". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3620.
Texto completoNayek, Subhayu. "Toxicological and Biochemical Changes Induced by Sub-Acute Exposure of Biological Organisms to Silver Nanoparticles Using the Soft-Landing Ion Mobility Instrument". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2020. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1752347/.
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