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1
Berman, Franklin. "Le service diplomatique britannique". Revue française d'administration publique 69, n.º 1 (1994): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/rfap.1994.2774.
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The British Diplomatie Service. The legal basis of the British Diplomatie Service has been established for the first time as such in by an order in council of 1964. The Foreign Secretary is assisted by a Private Office and political advisers. The Diplomatie Service Régulations define spécifie conditions of service concerning security, service abroad, dismissal, and political and public activities. The structure is very flexible. Where the FCO differs substantially from its foreign counterparts is that the departments are not grouped into fixed divisions. The Foreign Secretary is assisted by four ministers of State, one of them being the Minister for Overseas. Recently the decision has been taken to increase the autonomy of the Assistant Under-Secretaries. However the ultimate budgetary accountability to Parliament lies on the Permanent Under Secretary, head of the Diplomatie Service.
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Supotnitskiy, M. V., N. I. Shilo y V. A. Kovtun. "Chemical Weapons in the Iran-Iraq War (1980–1988). 4. The Destruction of Iraqi Chemical Weapons". Journal of NBC Protection Corps 4, n.º 2 (19 de junio de 2020): 131–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.35825/2587-5728-2020-4-2-131-159.
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After the defeat of Iraqi army in Kuwait in February 1991, on April 3, the UN Security Council (UN Security Council) adopted Resolution 687, that «decides that Iraq shall unconditionally accept the destruction, removal, or rendering harmless, under international supervision, of: (a) All chemical and biological weapons and all stocks of agents and all related subsystems and components and all research, development, support and manufacturing facilities». This UN operation was not the first forced disarmament of vanquished by victors, but it gave great impetus to the completion of the work on the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction, i.e. the destruction of an entire class of weapons of mass destruction. The aim of this article was to show the process of Iraqi`s chemical weapons destruction. The destruction of Iraqi chemical weapons included the formation of legal basis (United Nations Security Council Resolution 687); the establishment of the United Nations Special Commission (UNSCOM) to inspect and oversee the destruction or elimination of Iraq’s chemical weapons directly on Iraqi territory; certain measures of political, economic (UN sanctions) and military coercion (the US and the UK military operation «Desert Fox»). In summer 1991, UNSCOM formed a Destruction Advisory Panel to develop technologies for the destruction of chemical weapons, toxic substances and their precursors. Their destruction was carried out in the period October 1992 to May 1994 on the territory of the Muthanna State Establishment. Sarin, cyclosarin, tabun and their precursors were destroyed by hydrolysis in aqueous alkaline solution using a repurposed production facility. Thus 76 tons of sarin and sarin/cyclosarin mixture, as well as 40 tons of tabun were destroyed. For the sulfur mustard, the high-temperature direct burning method was used at the special factory, established under the project of the Destruction Advisory Panel. Thus were destroyed around 400 tons of liquid sulfur mustard. Chemical munitions and containers, after the extraction of poisonous agents, were destroyed using a specially developed technique of explosive ventilation and burning. 30 chemical warheads for Al-Hussein ballistic missiles, 12,8 thousand 155-mm mustard shells, 40,5 thousand 122 mm rockets for MLRS, filled with sarin/cyclosarin, were destroyed. In general, UNSCOM managed to solve the problem of chemical disarmament of Iraq. The article describes in details the Iraq’s chemical weapons destruction technologies.
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Gramlich, Edward M. "Different Approaches for Dealing with Social Security". Journal of Economic Perspectives 10, n.º 3 (1 de agosto de 1996): 55–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.10.3.55.
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This paper discusses the report of the 1994 Quadrennial Advisory Council on Social Security, of which the author was chair. The system is out of long-term actuarial balance and, as a maturing defined benefit pay-as-you-go system, is giving younger cohorts ever lower returns on their payroll contributions. The council suggested three approaches--each of which involves higher national saving and a way to get some retirement funds invested in equities. One of these approaches preserves the present benefit structure, one shifts to large-scale individual accounts, and one is a hybrid.
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Glajcar, Rafał y Łukasz Wielgosz. "The National Security Council (Rada Bezpieczeństwa Narodowego) – an advisory organ to the President of Poland?" Studia Politologiczne, n.º 61/2021 (1 de octubre de 2021): 121–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.33896/spolit.2021.61.7.
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Poland’s National Security Council (Rada Bezpieczeństwa Narodowego, RBN) is defined in the country’s Constitution as organ doradczy Prezydenta Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej w zakresie wewnętrznego i zewnętrznego bezpieczeństwa państwa (officially translating into: “the advisory organ to the President of the Republic regarding internal and external security of the State”). Against that background, this article uses analysis of policy practice as it seeks to explain whether the NSC truly plays that role of advisory organ, or is more in the nature of a coordinating-and-consulting body. To address this research topic, three areas have been identified for broader and deeper consideration, i.e. the means of selecting Council Members, the frequency with which Sittings have been convened, and the subject matter addressed at those Sittings.
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Velichko, Mykola. "The role of the national biosafety advisory council in the system of countering the challenges of the biological nature of France". Legal Ukraine, n.º 1 (29 de enero de 2021): 51–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.37749/2308-9636-2021-1(217)-6.
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The article examines the role of the National Advisory Council (hereinafter — the Council on Biosafety of France) and the legal support of its activities in order to use the positive experience of this country for Ukraine. The necessity of this study was the fact of updating and approval according to the Decree of the President of Ukraine № 560/2020 of 10.12.2020 of the personnel of the Commission on Biosafety and Biological Protection under the National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine. In addition to updating and approving the specified personnel of the Commission on Biosafety and Biological Protection, the regulatory framework for its activities has not been developed and adopted. Given the European integration direction of Ukraine, it is important to study and use the experience of such consultative organizations in the EU. Among the progressive EU countries in this regard is France. The motivation for choosing to study the legal basis for ensuring the activities of the National Advisory Council on Biosafety in the biosafety and biosecurity system of France was the following: — France is one of the economically developed countries of the EU; — in France, one of the highest world levels of development of medical and biological science and technology, especially in epidemiology; — The National Biosafety Advisory Board in the French biosafety and biosecurity system is effective. In addition, France is the depositary of the Geneva Protocol for the Prohibition of the Use in War of Asphyxiating, Poisonous or Other Similar Gases and Bacteriological Agents (Geneva, 17 June 1925), kept in the diplomatic archives of the Ministry of Europe and Foreign Affairs. Based on the study of regulatory support (Decree signed by the Prime Minister of France № 2015—1095 of 31 August 2015) of the National Advisory Council on Biosafety in the biosafety and biosecurity system of France, the following conclusions were made: — France has established an effective advisory board, provided the legal basis for its activities, which defined the representative organizations, the status and term of office, rights and responsibilities of members of the organization and the ministries responsible for its functioning; — The experience of France on this issue can be useful for our country to improve the efficiency of the Commission on Biosafety and Biological Protection under the National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine. Key words: advisory council, commission, biological threats, biological risks, biological safety, biological protection, legal support.
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Nadash, Pamela. "THE RAISE FAMILY CAREGIVER ADVISORY COUNCIL: STRATEGIES TO BOLSTER CAREGIVERS’ FINANCIAL SECURITY". Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (1 de noviembre de 2022): 284. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.1130.
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Abstract The RAISE Family Caregiving Advisory Council, created under the Recognize, Assist, Include, Support, and Engage (RAISE) Family Caregivers Act (2018) has been tasked to support the Secretary of Health and Human Services in developing a national family caregiving strategy. The Council began by (in 2021) identifying five key Goals critical to supporting family caregivers, which were reported to Congress in the Council’s Initial Report; the next step (in 2022) was to identify how these Goals are to be operationalized via specific actions, as well as the stakeholders that needed to be involved. This symposium discusses Goal 4, which states that “Family caregivers’ lifetime financial and employment security is protected and enhanced,” a goal incorporating diverse components, including federal legislation (expanding FMLA, for example), enhancing workplace security for working caregivers, and ways to pay family caregivers for providing supportive services. The first paper, by Salom Teshale, PhD, will provide an overview of the Council’s work and the strategies that have been chosen to support the overall national strategy. The second paper, by Eileen J. Tell, MPH, will describe strategies to improve the ability of caregivers to remain and thrive in the workplace. Pamela Nadash, PhD, will report on the research that identified the expansion of self-directed programs to incorporate payment for family caregivers as key, and the fourth paper by Rani Snyder will conclude by identifying the research needed to move these efforts forward. Greg Link of the Administration for Community Living will act as discussant.
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KOHEN, MARCELO G. y KATHERINE DEL MAR. "The Kosovo Advisory Opinion and UNSCR 1244 (1999): A Declaration of ‘Independence from International Law’?" Leiden Journal of International Law 24, n.º 1 (11 de febrero de 2011): 109–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156510000634.
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AbstractThis article focuses on the reasoning employed by the International Court of Justice in its Advisory Opinion rendered on 22 July 2010 with respect to the most formidable legal impasse of the accordance with international law of the unilateral declaration of independence: the lex specialis that applied at the critical date, and which the Court affirmed continues to apply to Kosovo, as established by the United Nations Security Council in its Resolution 1244 (1999). The Court's analysis of the applicable lex specialis is questionable. Its analysis was coloured by the narrow approach it took to answering the question it was asked to address. It queried an unambiguous factual qualification made by the General Assembly, and it disregarded factual qualifications made by the Secretary-General, his Special Representative, and indeed all relevant actors. It failed to uphold the legally binding provisions of Security Council Resolution 1244, and it did not qualify as unlawful or invalid an act of a subsidiary body of the Security Council that was undertaken in excess of authority and contrary to the fundamental provisions of that Resolution. The resolute conclusion of the majority of the Court that the unilateral declaration of independence did not violate international law seems to read as a declaration of ‘independence from international law’.
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TEPLYAKOVA, Olga A. y Artem A. Kostyukov. "ON THE STATUS OF ADVISORY AND COORDINATING BODIES IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION". Tyumen State University Herald. Social, Economic, and Law Research 7, n.º 2 (2021): 122–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21684/2411-7897-2021-7-2-122-134.
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The article provides a brief analysis of the legal status of the advisory bodies operating in the Russian Federation. In particular, the article analyzes the provisions of regulatory legal acts governing the activities of the Security Council of the Russian Federation, the State Council of the Russian Federation, as well as the Council of Control and Accounting Bodies under the Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation as a special advisory body existing within the structure of external state and municipal financial control bodies. The status of constitutional advisory bodies is considered separately, including in the context of current changes in Russian legislation. In addition, the author notes the interconnection of the implementation problems of the separation principle of powers both in the corresponding classification context of state bodies, and in relation to the determination of the advisory legal status bodies, their place in the public authority system of the Russian Federation. An assumption is also made regarding a number of provisions of the draft law which is under consideration by the State Duma of the Russian Federation in the status terms of the State Council decisions of the Russian Federation. Public chambers and Public councils are separated into a separate group of advisory bodies. In the study of the issue, classical general scientific methods of cognition were used, in particular: analysis, generalization and synthesis. The authors also applied a modern synergistic approach that is increasingly used in social science research. The conclusion is made that at present there is a growing need for more comprehensive and in-depth studies of the advisory bodies institute of the Russian Federation, in particular, devoted to the issues of their classification and typology, both due to the increasing importance of these bodies in the public administration system, and due to the number of criteria for using these methods.
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XUE, Jianyue y Gang CHEN. "China’s Massive Restructuring of Party and State Apparatus in 2018". East Asian Policy 10, n.º 03 (julio de 2018): 51–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793930518000272.
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The Communist Party of China has embarked on a massive restructuring of the Party and state institutions. The Party has strengthened its grip over the state, taking over six State Council institutions that had previously dealt with the work of civil servants, the media, ethnic affairs, religious affairs, overseas Chinese affairs, and computer network and information security. At the state level, seven ministries were created while six ministries were abolished.
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Orakhelashvili, Alexander. "Kosovo: The Post-advisory Opinion Stage". International Journal on Minority and Group Rights 22, n.º 4 (27 de octubre de 2015): 486–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718115-02204003.
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The Unilateral Declaration of Independence by Kosovar authorities in Pristina in 2008 has generated heavy legal and political controversies. The delivery by the International Court of Justice of its advisory opinion on Kosovo unilateral declaration of independence in 2010 has not led to the elimination of unilateralist positions as to Kosovo’s status. Such unilateralist approach, favouring Kosovo’s independence either in principle or in practice, has since been adopted by the local Kosovar authorities, a number of governments and by the European Union. This contribution addresses the merit of such unilateralist positions and examines whether these positions could adversely affect the legal position as to Kosovo’s status under general international law as well as un Security Council resolution 1244 (1999).
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WILDE, RALPH. "Self-Determination, Secession, and Dispute Settlement after the Kosovo Advisory Opinion". Leiden Journal of International Law 24, n.º 1 (11 de febrero de 2011): 149–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156510000658.
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AbstractThis piece provides critical analysis of some of the broader consequences of what is potentially suggested by certain findings in the 2010 Advisory Opinion of the International Court of Justice on ‘Accordance with International Law of the Unilateral Declaration of Independence in Respect of Kosovo’. The focus is on consequences for disputes generally, and disputes relating to self-determination and secession in particular, in either case including disputes that have been made subject to a Security Council-imposed settlement process. In the first place, the piece considers the relatively specific suggestion that sub-state groups are free to unilaterally terminate a Security Council-imposed process aimed at enabling the resolution of a dispute concerning their aspirations to external self-determination, without this termination having to comply with the principles of justice and international law. In the second place, the piece considers the relatively broad suggestion that the act of any sub-state group of declaring independence and seceding from the state within which it is located, without the consent of that state or any other international legal sanction, is likewise not regulated by international law.
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Nadash, Pamela, Eileen Tell, Carol Regan, Taylor Jansen, Andrew Alberth y Marc Cohen. "Findings From RAISE Act Research: Family Caregiver Priorities". Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (1 de diciembre de 2021): 63–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.243.
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Abstract To understand the needs and policy priorities of family caregivers, the Advisory Council commissioned research: first, through a request for information (RFI) in the Federal Register, which garnered roughly 1600 responses. Qualitative analysis revealed that family caregivers have diverse needs spanning their financial security as well as their needs for caregiver-focused supports; recommendations were similarly diverse, including requests for caregiver pay, improved access to respite, and other major policy changes. These findings fed into 12 focus groups focusing on diverse populations of caregivers, yielding more depth around caregiver priorities. Six stakeholder listening sessions built on these results, aiming to develop concrete suggestions for a national caregiver strategy – a key outcome of the Advisory Council. Such strategies ranged from a major publicity campaign creating awareness of family caregivers, to suggestions on implementing caregiver assessments, to more ambitious goals such as improved financing for long term services and supports more broadly.
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Ingravallo, Ivan. "Kosovo after the ICJ Advisory Opinion: Towards a European Perspective?" International Community Law Review 14, n.º 3 (2012): 219–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187197312x650523.
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Abstract The article deals with the advisory opinion given on 22 July 2010 by the International Court of Justice (ICJ) on the accordance with international law of the declaration of independence from Serbia adopted by Kosovo authorities on 17 February 2008. The advisory opinion is critically examined in the light of international law and of United Nations Security Council resolution 1244 (1999). The responsibilities of the European Union in Kosovo are also scrutinized, with regard to the mandate of EULEX Kosovo, the role of the EU as a facilitator of the dialogue between Belgrade and Pristina, and the European perspective for Kosovo and the Western Balkans.
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Kirgis, Frederic L. "He Got It Almost Right". AJIL Unbound 108 (2014): 116–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2398772300001987.
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Larry Johnson’s answer to his own question is a qualified “no.” Surely he is correct when he says that the General Assembly does not need the Uniting for Peace resolution in order to consider a matter that is on the UN Security Council’s agenda. The International Court of Justice made that clear in its Advisory Opinion on the Construction of a Wall. It is only when the Security Council is actively pursuing the matter that UN Charter Article 12(1) requires the General Assembly to defer to the Council.Johnson is also correct when he says that Uniting for Peace does not serve to enhance the authority that the UN Charter itself supplies to the Assembly to adopt non-binding resolutions intended to keep or restore peace. The ICJ also made that clear in its Advisory Opinion on the Construction of a Wall. Without relying on the Uniting for Peace resolution, the ICJ in paragraphs 27 and 28 of its Opinion approved the practice of the General Assembly to deal with matters concerning maintenance of international peace and security. The Court turned to the Uniting for Peace resolution only in the ensuing paragraphs of its Opinion, dealing with procedural matters related to the Assembly’s request for an Advisory Opinion.
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Trahan, Jennifer. "The Role of the UN Security Council & General Assembly In Responding to the Invasion of Ukraine". Polish Review of International and European Law 12, n.º 2 (13 de febrero de 2024): 23–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/2023.12.2.02.
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This article explores the roles of the UN Security Council and UN General Assembly related to the 24 February 2022 invasion by Russian forces of the territory of Ukraine. It considers the Security Council’s paralysis, and suggests states make more use of the UN Charter language that requires obligatory abstention in voting of a “party to a dispute” under Chapter VI; the article also considers legality issues related to a permanent member’s veto use that aids its own jus cogens violation. As to both topics, the article suggests the General Assembly could weigh in by issuing a substantive resolution or requesting an Advisory Opinion from the International Court of Justice. The General Assembly, or the Council acting under Chapter VI, could also establish a Special Tribunal on the Crime of Aggression for the situation of Ukraine.
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Pavlov, V. V. "THE U.S. NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL IN CONTEMPORARY AMERICAN INTERNATIONAL STUDIES". MGIMO Review of International Relations, n.º 4(49) (28 de agosto de 2016): 181–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2016-4-49-181-189.
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Established in accordance with the provisions of the National Security Act of 1947, the U.S. National Security Council is the main advisory body to the President of the United States tasked with helping the head of state to make the right decisions on matters related to national security. NSC system has been constantly evolving for some 70 years, and the NSC staff became a separate 'ministry' of a kind, allowing presidential administrations to focus ever-increasing control over American foreign policy in the White House. That is why serious attention is devoted to the National Security Council by American researches studying foreign policy decision-making. Here, a 'three-pronged consensus' exists: functioning and efficiency of the decision-making process is primarily a result of presidential actions; the President will make the best decision after becoming aware of the whole range of possible alternatives and assessing the consequences of each policy option; the position of the National Security Advisor, who is often one of the closest officials to the President and serves as a coordinator of the decision-making process, is considered to be one of the most notable in today's U.S. presidential administrations - and the most influential of those not being a subject to approval by the legislative branch of U.S. government. Any fundamental changes in the practice of U.S. foreign policy mechanism, as well as a decline of the White House influence on foreign policy are unlikely in the short term.
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قاسم, انمار نايف. "Impact of the Supervisory Role of the international Court of Justice on Security Council Resolutions". Al-Kitab Journal for Human Sciences 4, n.º 6 (19 de julio de 2023): 25–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.32441/kjhs.4.6.2.
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It was previously mentioned that in issuing its decisions, the Security Council is governed by legal controls that it must observe in order for its decisions to be legitimate and receive acceptance by the countries concerned with their mplementation. These controls were embodied in two objective and procedural ategories so that its work is consistent with the provisions of the United Nations Charter and the rules of international law in general, and to ensure This commitment included an aspect of the proposals and projects presented in connection with the reform of the Security Council, the necessity of its decisions being subject to a type of oversight that puts an end to the direction it takes in some of these decisions outside the circle of legitimacy, and supervision ensures that the Security Council does not exceed the powers and powers vested in for him . However, there is a juristic disagreement about determining who is responsible for oversight, some of whom made it the prerogative of the General Assembly, and some of them demanded that the decisions of the Council be subject to Sharia preventive oversight exercised by the International Court of Justice through an advisory opinion, as well as the possibility of the decisions being subject to subsequent control of the Council from Also accepted by the International Court of Justice, in accordance with its jurisdiction.
Since the International Court of Justice is the main judicial organ of the United Nations, the hopes of many countries have been directed towards them, in order to have a role in overseeing the legitimacy of Security Council resolutions, especially countries that are in urgent need of the protection provided by the presence of this oversight.
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Grant, Mark Lyall. "Updating Security and Defence Policy". National Institute Economic Review 250 (noviembre de 2019): R40—R46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002795011925000116.
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Executive SummaryThreats to the security of the UK are evolving with the changing nature of conflict and balance of power in the world. They are multiple and fragmented, and domestic and online as well as overseas in nature: principally state-based threats such as posed by Russian activity; terrorism; cyber-attacks; and serious organised crime. To respond, the United Kingdom will need flexible capabilities aimed at fostering infrastructural and societal resilience as much as conventional defence. Above all, the UK needs to focus on maintaining, promoting, and defending the international rules-based order, as represented by the UN and NATO among other institutions.The UK possesses significant assets to these ends, including its continuing status as one of eight acknowledged nuclear powers – a status that it should not abandon unilaterally; permanent membership of the UN Security Council; membership of the ‘Five Eyes' intelligence community; and its internationally respected armed forces.But effort and resources are required to support these commitments, for example in helping to encourage other European states to spend more on defence; in contributing to UN peace-keeping operations or other collaborative overseas actions; and most of all in ensuring that army and navy manpower is rebuilt. Two per cent of GDP is no longer sufficient for the proper defence of the nation. Even allowing for the demands of other parts of government, the target for defence spending should be raised in the next review to 2.2 per cent.The principal focus will need to be on efficiency and redeployment of resources as the current equipment-heavy procurement cycle comes to an end. In particular, investment needs to continue to be rebalanced towards new capabilities such as drone technology, offensive and defensive cyber and intelligence manpower.But, to avoid any weakening of the country's security, priority should be given to negotiating a new agreement on security and intelligence cooperation with its European allies to replace the arrangements it had within the EU.
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Snyder, Rani y Eileen Tell. "A RESEARCH AGENDA TO ADVANCE FAMILY CAREGIVERS' FINANCIAL SECURITY". Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (1 de noviembre de 2022): 284–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.1132.
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Abstract The research supporting the RAISE Family Caregiver Advisory Council engaged a broad range of stakeholders who were committed to supporting actions that make a difference to family caregivers’ financial security, with many focusing on actions that sustain continued employment; 103 different organizations participated, including employer representatives. Participants strongly agreed on the need for more data. On a broad level, there was agreement on federal-level coordination regarding data collection on elements specific to family caregivers across federal agencies. In addition, they called for better information on the return on investment of varying strategies for workplace supports for employers, the added value of caregiver employees, and evidence regarding best practices in supporting family caregivers, with a goal of making a business case for family caregiver workplace supports.
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Murphy, Sean D. "Self-Defense and the Israeli Wall Advisory Opinion: An Ipse Dixit from the ICJ?" American Journal of International Law 99, n.º 1 (enero de 2005): 62–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3246090.
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In October 2003, the Israeli permanent representative addressed the United Nations General Assembly on why Israel felt compelled to build a lengthy barrier spanning hundreds of kilometers across certain areas of the occupied West Bank of the Jordan River. Among other things, Ambassador Dan Gillernian stated: [A] security fence has proven itself to be one of the most effective non-violent methods lor preventing terrorism in the heart of civilian areas. The fence is a measure wholly consistent with the right of States to self-defence enshrined in Article 51 of the Charter. International law and Security Council resolutions, including resolutions 1368 (2001) and 1373 (2001), have clearly recognized the right of States to use force in self-defence against terrorist attacks, and therefore surely recognize the right to use non-forcible measures to that end.
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Ip, John. "RECONCEPTUALISING THE LEGAL RESPONSE TO FOREIGN FIGHTERS". International and Comparative Law Quarterly 69, n.º 1 (4 de diciembre de 2019): 103–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020589319000447.
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AbstractThe Syrian civil war has highlighted the phenomenon of foreign fighting, in which individuals leave their home State to join an armed conflict overseas. The predominant paradigm for regulating foreign fighting, centred on United Nations Security Council Resolution 2178, is based on counterterrorism, which in essence treats foreign fighting as a form of terrorism. This paradigm is largely reflective of the domestic legislation of the United Kingdom, United States, Canada and Australia. This article argues that this approach is problematic, and that an alternative paradigm based on the international law of neutrality and related domestic legislation provides a better means for regulating foreign fighting.
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Tikhonova, E. S. "The Security Council of the Russian Federation as an advisory body under the Head of state". Аграрное и земельное право, n.º 2 (2023): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.47643/1815-1329_2023_2_39.
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Zolotarev, E. V. "To economic security threats and challenges arising from activities of foreign advisory, auditing and other professional firms". National Interests: Priorities and Security 16, n.º 9 (15 de septiembre de 2020): 1711–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/ni.16.9.1711.
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Subject. As the world economy gets more globalized, businesses and authorities need services from foreign auditing and consulting firms. Their operations may mainly depend on the political situation, what customers often overlook when concluding audit and consuming contracts. Objectives. I identify and evaluate possible challenges and threats to the economic security at the micro- and macrolevel. They relate to negative aspects of operations of international auditing and consulting networks’ members. Methods. The study is based on the dialectical method, systems approach, chart-based and graphic interpretation of empirical and factual information. Results. The article describes the Russian market of audit and consulting. We also examine drawbacks of the Russian legislation in this and related areas, point out and analyze major governmental contracts with members of international networks. The article enlists potential economic security threats, including the leakage of sensitive information, overseas management of governmental processes, destructive activities, national spending and corruption. We prepare and substantiate our suggestions on the development of special-purpose federal laws on consulting and a special advisory institution in charge of external control (analytical center) as part of leading scientific and educational organizations in the country. Conclusions and Relevance. Foreign auditing and consulting companies and their activities pose threats to the economic security of systemically-important institutions and the nation as a whole. Environment for the domestic audit and consulting practice to evolve. Therefore, there should be economic and legislative.
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Branowicki, Wiktor. "PECULIARITIES OF DETERMINING THE LEGAL STATUS OF THE NATIONAL SECURITY AND DEFENSE COUNCIL OF UKRAINE AS A SUBJECT OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION". Administrative law and process, n.º 1 (40) (2023): 5–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2227-796x.2023.1.01.
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The Goal. The goal of the article is to determine the features of the legal status of the Council as a subject of public administration and to formulate ways to optimize, harmonize and bring into line with the legal realities of the regulatory and legal support of its functioning. Methods. The article uses general and special-scientific methodology of legal research, including systemic, systemic-structural, comparative-legal, analysis and synthesis, deduction and induction and other methods of scientific cognition. Results. Section 1 of the article outlines the key features of the legal status of the National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine, which distinguish it from other subjects of public administration that carry out public administration of the field of nature management. Section 2 of the article outlines the debatable issues of the competence of the National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine, in particular, it highlights the inconsistency of the decisions taken by it and the powers granted to them by the current legislation and the essence of the concept of "national security", which is decisive in establishing its subject jurisdiction. Section 3 pays attention to determining the appropriateness of vesting the National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine with control powers, an analysis of legislative provisions on coordination bodies established under public authorities was carried out, and it was concluded that the powers belonging to it contradict the essence, goals, instruments of activity, etc. of coordination (consulting, advisory) bodies. Conclusions. The conclusions, which constitute Section 5 of the article, summarize that the National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine is a specific subject of public administration, which is entrusted with a number of powers that differ in their essence and purpose and contribute to improving and ensuring proper public administration in particular in the field of nature management. It is noted that there are numerous flaws in the current legislation, which serves as the foundation for its operations, due to which the legality of its decisions raises reasonable doubts. It is suggested to implement a number of actions to address the issues and gaps in the legislative framework governing the operations of the National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine and the practice of its activities, including the need to clearly define and clarify its legal status, harmonize the provisions of normative legal acts among themselves, conduct outreach and training of employees of the National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine, etc. considering the practical comprehension and application of legal standards in terms of the definition of the national security term and its competence. The aforementioned calls for the continuation of scientific research on institutional support for public administration in the field of nature management, including questions of legal foundations and the status of public administration entities active in this field.
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Cirkovic, Elena. "An Analysis of the ICJ Advisory Opinion on Kosovo's Unilateral Declaration of Independence". German Law Journal 11, n.º 7-8 (1 de agosto de 2010): 895–912. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2071832200018915.
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The International Court of Justice (ICJ) ruled in an advisory opinion on 22 July 2010 that Kosovo's 17 February 2008 unilateral declaration of independence from Serbia did not violate international law. The Kosovo Parliament's declaration of independence stated that Kosovo would continue to be bound by the United Nations Security Council Resolution 1244 (1999) (hereinafter “SC Resolution 1244 (1999)”), as well as the Ahtisaari plan. UN Special Envoy for Kosovo Martti Ahtisaari's proposal, produced in February 2007, defined Kosovo's internal settlement, minority-protection mechanisms, and allowed for independence under international supervision. The proposal increased the powers devolved to Kosovar institutions but without providing for the complete removal of international oversight and authority.
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Omelko, I. I. "Constitutional and legal status of the National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine". Analytical and Comparative Jurisprudence, n.º 5 (17 de noviembre de 2023): 166–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2788-6018.2023.05.28.
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The article clarifies the constitutional and legal status of the National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine, its nature, its place in the system of state authorities and the specifics of granting separate powers and the problems that arise in the practice of their implementation. It was concluded that in the language of armed aggression against Ukraine and encroachment on its territorial integrity by the ruscist regime, the discussion of issues related to the national security and defense of Ukraine acquires special importance. The National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine, which acts as a coordinating body for national security and defense under the President of Ukraine (Article 107 of the Constitution of Ukraine), becomes a very important body of public authority in wartime conditions. According to the Constitution, it coordinates and controls the activities of executive authorities in the field of national security and defense. We have two models (from the constitutional law of foreign states). The body could be purely advisory (Poland, Turkey, Kosovo, Estonia), or would be empowered to make a number of important defense and security decisions (Montenegro). In the Ukrainian case, use the word "coordination", which is unlikely to be purely of a recommendatory nature. However, in this case, the issue of granting some powers to the National Security Council, and not, for example, to the Cabinet of Ministers, should be well-founded and truly related purely to issues of defense and national security. The doctrine of the limitation of the President's powers by the Constitution itself is built into the constitutional design for a reason (Article 106 of the Constitution). Despite the rather broad and evaluative formulation of the President's powers regarding leadership in the field of national security, individual law enforcement by imposing sanctions, assigning the status of an oligarch, etc., can hardly be characterized exactly as "leadership". Their application is more related to the implementation of state policy in this area. That is why, perhaps, one should think about granting the relevant powers to the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine. After all, the very nature of the Cabinet consists in ensuring the implementation of state policy. In addition, Art. 116 of the Constitution (clause 10) directly allows the Cabinet of Ministers to be empowered by laws.
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Song, Young-sun. "Japanese Peacekeeping Operations: Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow". Asian Perspective 20, n.º 1 (marzo de 1996): 51–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/apr.1996.a921158.
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Abstract: The end of the cold war opened up new opportunities for the United Nations, through international peacekeeping, to exercise greater responsibility for the maintenance of international security. Thus, the UN has been increasing its demands on member-states to provide economic and humanitarian resources as well as dispatch troops for peacekeeping operations (PKO). Japan’s interest in PKO actually dates from its UN membership in 1956. This interest has evolved into an aspiration to become a permanent member of the UN Security Council. The Gulf War provided Japan with an impetus and momentum to break out of its psychological cocoon and constitutional restraints, and dispatch its troops overseas for the first time since the Second World War. This decision was the result of a painful and time-consuming process because of the complications posed by policy divergencies, the constitutional barrier, and issues of public support. However, for Japan, the decision has now become the foundation of efforts to realize a cherished dream—to ascend to permanent membership on the Security Council. This article begins by sketching the history of Japan’s involvement in UN PKO. The constitutionality of the International Peace Cooperation Law (or “PKO Law”) is analyzed. Domestic and external factors affecting Japan’s participation in PKO are examined next. Finally, the article explores Japan’s contributions to PKO in order to consider the nature and direction of its future involvement in international peacekeeping.
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Cowburn, Malcolm y Victoria Lavis. "Using a prisoner advisory group to develop diversity research in a maximum-security prison". Groupwork 23, n.º 3 (4 de noviembre de 2013): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1921/gpwk.v23i3.767.
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<p><i>This paper addresses groupwork processes with a group of prisoners advising a research project in a maximum-security prison in England. The research project (Appreciative Inquiry into the Diversity Strategy of HMP Wakefield. RES-000-22-3441) was funded by the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) and lasted 9 months. The research explored the experiences of prisoners in diverse minority groupings and the strategies of the prison to accommodate the complex needs of these groups. The Prisoner Advisory Group (PAG) was made up of representatives from Black and Minority Ethnic (BME) prisoners; older prisoners (over 60s); Disabled prisoners (with physical disabilities, learning difficulties; and mental health problems); Gay, Bi-sexual and Transgender prisoners; and prisoners affiliated to Faith groups. It met regularly during the research. The paper considers the forming norming and performing aspects of establishing an effective participant voice in a prison-based project. It considers the contribution of the PAG to developing a research strategy that engaged prisoners in the research. It reflects on the nature of ‘participative research’ in general and whether such research is possible within a high-security prison environment.</i></p>
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Akinyetun, Tope Shola. "Poverty, Cybercrime and National Security in Nigeria". Journal of Contemporary Sociological Issues 1, n.º 2 (31 de agosto de 2021): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/csi.v1i2.24188.
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The number of poor people in Nigeria continues to grow at an exponential rate, while Nigeria remains the poverty capital of the world. As a result, cybercrime has become a haven for youths. The festering of cybercrime increases the chances of cyberterrorism, hate speech proliferation, and radicalization – all of which pose a danger to national security in Nigeria. As a result, this study adopts an analytic approach to the interplay of poverty, cybercrime, and national security in Nigeria. The findings reveal that poverty is a major driver of cybercrime in Nigeria while cybercrime is a threat to national security. It shows that with the prevalence of poverty, deprivation, and inequality, many Nigerian youths turn to crime to realize the Nigeria of their dreams. In the same vein, cybercrime undermines national security by exposing various individuals to violence, cyberespionage, cyberstalking, and manipulation. The study, therefore, recommends that decisive policies be targeted at reducing poverty incidence in Nigeria and that youths should be regularly sensitized to the dangers of cybercrime and the incapacitating effect it has on national security. More so, cybersecurity should be given prominence by the Cyber Advisory Council while offenders of cybercrime should be dealt with using the full extent of the law, to serve as a deterrence to intending offenders.
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Jeong, Oung-Seok. "A Study on the Procedural Control of Police". Korean Association of Criminal Procedure Law 14, n.º 4 (31 de diciembre de 2022): 31–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.34222/kdps.2022.14.4.31.
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With the inauguration of the Yoon Seok-ryul government, discussions on police reform are hot. The core of this can be seen as the establishment of a so-called “police station” within the Ministry of Public Administration and Security, and the reason why the establishment of a police station became a key task in the Yoon Seok-ryul government is that control of the police has been raised as police investigation rights have expanded. Accordingly, Minister of Public Administration and Security Lee Sang-min launched the Police System Improvement Advisory Committee (hereinafter abbreviated as the Advisory Committee), established a police station in the Ministry of Public Administration and Security according to the advisory committee’s recommendation, and the police station was launched on August 2, 2022. Regarding the launch of the police station, there is constant controversy over whether “security” is the secretary of the Ministry of Public Administration and Security, and Article 34 (5) of the Government Organization Act stipulates security affairs as the National Police Agency, but it is not separately stipulated in the duties of the Minister of Public Administration and Security.
However, through the revision of the Criminal Procedure Act and the Prosecutor’s Office Act in 2020, the prosecution’s command of investigation was abolished, and the scope of direct investigation was limited to six crimes, and reduced to two crimes (0.4%) through the revision in 2022. According to this, the judicial police have the right to initiate and proceed with the investigation of 99.6% cases and terminate the investigation, so a new interpretation of the police’s investigation work is needed. As a result, the Minister of Justice and the Minister of Public Administration and Security were forced to review the final attribution of the police investigation, and eventually appeared as a consultative office for the enactment of the Presidential Decree, which stipulates the investigation rules under Article 196 (2) of the Criminal Procedure Act. This is because Article 66 (Presidential Status/Responsibility) (4) stipulates that “administrative power belongs to the government” and Article 88 (Power/Composition of the State Council) (1) stipulates that “the State Council deliberates on important policies under the authority of the government”.
However, no matter what judicial system is followed, the criminal justice system is directly related to the rights and interests of the people in the process of realizing the national criminal right, and it is difficult to correct it if it is incompletely designed due to the nature of the system. The problem is that although the Criminal Procedure Act was revised in the name of judicial reform, much of the case was granted to judicial police officers, ignoring the reality of Korea being investigated by judicial police officers, which is a modified structure different from the continental and Anglo-American judicial systems.
In the end, it is necessary to revise the Criminal Procedure Act with the police and the prosecutor’s system, and if necessary, reform should be carried out in a way that restores the prosecution’s (quasi) judicial character through the separation of the prosecutor’s (direct) investigation and the prosecution’s an investigative command.
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WARNER, JEROEN y INGRID BOAS. "SECURITISATION OF CLIMATE CHANGE: THE RISK OF EXAGGERATION". Ambiente & Sociedade 20, n.º 3 (septiembre de 2017): 203–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-4422asocex0003v2022017.
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Abstract The present contribution focuses on the ‘selling’ of the ‘climate crisis’ to intended key audiences, both in the international domain and at home. We look into the mechanics of crisis framing, the audience, and the resonance that the frame had, as well as development over time in two cases: the UK addressing the UN Security Council and the State Advisory Commission on Deltas (‘Delta Commission’) seeking support in the Netherlands for drastic measures to address sea level rise. For this, we apply the conceptual framework from critical security studies and securitisation, with contributions from the domains of crisis and disaster studies. Both case studies discussed show a dramatic securitising move, where climate change is presented as the source of great potential crisis that will harm us all, unless we take urgent action - either for mitigation (the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions) or for adaptation.
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Teshale, Salom. "THE RAISE COUNCIL'S WORK IN DEVELOPING A NATIONAL FAMILY CAREGIVING STRATEGY". Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (1 de noviembre de 2022): 285. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.1133.
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Abstract Since 2019, the RAISE Family Caregiver Advisory Council (FCAC) has met regularly to carry out its work of developing a national family caregiving strategy. This strategy incorporates five goals to support family caregivers, and key actions that a range of stakeholders can carry out centered around these goals. This overview will describe the RAISE FCAC’s work in developing the national family caregiving strategy, and highlight the development of recommendations and key actions to support the fourth goal, “Family caregivers’ lifetime financial and employment security is protected and enhanced.” This goal’s recommendations include supporting caregivers through flexible workplace policies; supporting affordable long-term services and supports; supporting financial education and planning; and reducing overall negative financial impacts of caregiving short and long-term.
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Baggoley, Christopher. "The importance of a One Health approach to public health and food security in Australia – a perspective from the Chief Medical Officer". Microbiology Australia 33, n.º 4 (2012): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ma12143.
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I have had the privilege of being Australia?s Chief Medical Officer for the past 18 months, which has given me a unique perspective on a range of health-related matters. My role is to provide advice to the Minister and the Department of Health and Ageing (DoHA) including input to the development and administration of major health reforms for all Australians and ensuring the development of evidence-based public health policy. I am responsible for the DoHA?s Office of Health Protection and I chair the Australian Health Protection Principal Committee which advises and makes recommendation to the Australian Health Ministers? Advisory Council on national approaches to public health emergencies, communicable disease threats and environmental threats to public health.
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Reaser, Jamie K. "Putting a federal capacities assessment to work: blueprint for a national program for the early detection of and rapid response to invasive species (EDRR)". Biological Invasions 22, n.º 1 (31 de diciembre de 2019): 167–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10530-019-02177-5.
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AbstractThis paper responds to national policy directives intended to improve the US government’s capacity to protect national security from the adverse impacts of invasive species. It is the final, synthesizing contribution to a Special Issue of Biological Invasions comprising 12 papers that collectively inform the development and implementation of a national program for the early detection of and rapid response to invasive species (EDRR). The blueprint sets forth policies, goals, and actions to be taken by relevant Executive Branch agencies and components of the Executive Office of the President to develop a national EDRR program, appropriations permitting. It is designed to function as guidance for advancing federal policy through Presidential, Secretarial, and/or Congressional directives. Those committed to protecting national security, the economy, and the well-being of American people are forewarned that our ability to establish a national EDRR program is undermined by the diminishment of the federal workforce; institutional structures, policies, and programs; and directly applicable leadership mechanisms, including the National Invasive Species Council, Invasive Species Advisory Committee, and their managerial Secretariat.
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JONES, ALLAN. "J.G. Crowther's War: Institutional strife at the BBC and British Council". British Journal for the History of Science 49, n.º 2 (14 de abril de 2016): 259–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007087416000315.
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AbstractScience writer, historian and administrator J.G. Crowther (1899–1983) had an uneasy relationship with the BBC during the 1920s and 1930s, and was regarded with suspicion by the British security services because of his left politics. Nevertheless the Second World War saw him working for ‘establishment’ institutions. He was closely associated with the BBC's Overseas Service and employed by the British Council's Science Committee. Both organizations found Crowther useful because of his wide, international knowledge of science and scientists. Crowther's political views, and his international aspirations for the British Council's Science Committee, increasingly embroiled him in an institutional conflict with the Royal Society and with its president, Sir Henry Dale, who was also chairman of the British Council's Science Committee. The conflict centred on the management of international scientific relations, a matter close Crowther's heart, and to Dale's. Dale considered that the formal conduct of international scientific relations was the Royal Society's business rather than the British Council's. Crowther disagreed, and eventually resigned from the British Council Science Committee in 1946. The article expands knowledge of Crowther by drawing on archival documents to elucidate a side of his career that is only lightly touched on in his memoirs. It shows that ‘Crowther's war’ was also an institutional war between the Science Committee of the British Council and the Royal Society. Crowther's unhappy experience of interference by the Royal Society plausibly accounts for a retreat from his pre-war view that institutional science should plan and manage BBC science broadcasts.
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de Waart, Paul J. I. M. "Statehood and International Protection of Peoples in Armed Conflicts in the ‘Brave New World’: Palestine as a UN Source of Concern". Leiden Journal of International Law 5, n.º 1 (febrero de 1992): 3–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156500001965.
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The East-West detente has uncovered the importance of statehood for the international protection of peoples in international conflicts. The importance becomes obvious from a comparison between the legal position of the Kuwaitis with that of the Kurds and, more in particular, the Palestinians in that respect. The Gulf war urged the Security Council to enforce Iraq's compliance with the 1949 Fourth Geneva Convention. The Council has also taken the position that Israel should apply this convention de jure in the 1967 occupied Palestinian territories, albeit lessforcefully. This is partly due to the fact that the UN itself has caused confusion concerning the legal status of these territories. History shows that the Palestine Mandate should not be considered as indivisible in such a way that the creation of Israel automatically implied the termination of the mandate as a whole. The Palestine Mandate still exists for the area of the Arab state, defined in the General Assembly Resolution 181 (II) of November 29,1947, recommending a partition plan for Palestine. Subsequent resolutions of both the General Assembly and the Security Council imply that the Palestinian people can only claim the West Bank including East Jerusalem -hereafter referred to as the West Bank- and the Gaza Strip as its future territory. The Palestinian people appears to have resigned itself to this fact of life since its acceptance of Security Council Resolutions 242 of November 22,1947, and 338 of October 22,1973. In doing so it has stopped any further erosion of its claim to an independent state by virtue of its right to self-determination. Neither the Gulf war nor an international peace conference on the Middle East can alter the new situation one bit anymore. For the first time since 1947 the General Assembly is now in the position to keep the promise of self-determination towards the Palestinian people as well. The 1950 advisory opinion of the International Court of Justice on the international status of South West Africa gives it a good point of departure for assuming its full responsibility for doing justice to the right to self-determination of the Palestinian people. Legally speaking the role of the UN in the development of the International Peace Conference on the Middle East is crucial for the future of Israel and Palestine.
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AL-RAGGAD, Abdallah Kalaf y Rima Fadlallah CHEHAYEB. "THE ROLE OF THE INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS COUNCIL IN THE PROTECTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS". RIMAK International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 04, n.º 02 (1 de marzo de 2022): 200–227. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/2717-8293.16.15.
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It goes without saying the extent of international interest in the issue of human rights, especially after the establishment of the United Nations Organization. This interest was translated in the Charter of the United Nations of 1945, which established major organs of duties to promote and protect human rights and fundamental freedoms and to emphasize equality without discrimination, as the Charter authorized To establish sub-committees with a view to translating the goals and purposes of the United Nations. Where the International Council for Human Rights was established in 2006 to succeed the Commission on Human Rights, which is affiliated with the General Assembly of the United Nations, where this Council has undertaken multiple mechanisms for the promotion and protection of human rights, and made achievements and contributions with the aim of advancing them.This study came according to three sections. The first section dealt with the development of the establishment of the Council through exposure to the stage prior to its establishment, which is the era of the Human Rights Committee, and then the era of its establishment in which we dealt with introducing the Council in terms of composition, membership and duties, and then assessing this formation, and the second topic was allocated To clarify the Council's mechanisms represented by special procedures and complaints procedure, the universal periodic review, and the advisory committee, and the evaluation of these mechanisms. As for the third topic, it dealt with the most important contributions of the Council. The study concluded with a number of findings of the study, which focused on the advantages and disadvantages of the Council, and some recommendations, the most important of which is the emphasis on the need for democratic representation in the Council and its independence, and the implementation of its decisions and recommendations through the Security Council, with its authority to take measures in suppressing gross and systematic violations of human rights
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Mayaut, Felix, Lucia Charlota Octovina Tahamata y Wilshen Leatemia. "Perlindungan Hukum Internasional Bagi Pasukan Penjaga Perdamaian Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa". TATOHI: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 2, n.º 10 (20 de diciembre de 2022): 1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.47268/tatohi.v2i10.1440.
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Introduction: Peacekeeping Forces are troops formed by the Security Council to maintain international. These troops are usually deployed after a conflict in a country and have obtained prior agreement with the disputing parties.Purposes of the Research: This writing aims to understand and find out the forms of protection and legal status of the UN peacekeepers. Methods of the Research: The research method in this paper uses a descriptive analytical research type. The research approach used is a law approach, a conceptual approach and a case approach. The procedure for collecting legal materials uses primary legal materials and secondary legal materials through books, articles, documents, scientific works of legal scholars, as well as legal materials analysis techniques in this study using qualitative analysis techniques.Results of the Research: The results show that the form of protection for peacekeepers in armed conflict is regulated in the 1949 Geneva Conventions and the 1994 United Nations Personnel Safety Convention. Neither personnel, equipment and buildings may be subjected to attacks or actions that prevent them from carrying out their mandate. MONUSCO's legal status is contained in Security Council Resolution 2556 of 2020 and the Status of Force Agreement which describes their duties, functions and privileges in a country. Attacks against them in any form are punished according to their severity and the United Nations as the mandate giver has the right to file claims for damages suffered while carrying out official obligations as representatives of the United Nations, based on the Advisory Opinion of the International Court of Justice.
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Kyselova, O. I., T. V. Shlapko y M. G. Khlus. "Guarantees of exercise of labor and social rights of employees of prosecutor's offices as an integral part of their legal status". Analytical and Comparative Jurisprudence, n.º 6 (18 de febrero de 2023): 168–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2788-6018.2022.06.30.
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The article considers the mechanisms of realization of labor and social rights of prosecutors. The authors investigated that prosecutors are subject to both general labor legislation (norms of the Labor Code of Ukraine) and special ones established by the Law of Ukraine "On the Prosecutor's Office", which emphasizes the special legal status of these employees.
Acquisition of legal status by prosecutors as subjects of labor law allows them to exercise their constitutional rights and responsibilities. These elements of the legal status of prosecutors should be considered in close connection with the employment relationship and social rights in which these prosecutors are involved. The authors found that an integral part of the legal status of prosecutors are guarantees of labor and social rights - legal norms that establish ways and means of ensuring the rights and freedoms of prosecutors, their protection and restoration during office and retirement.
The study found that an important role in improving the legislation of Ukraine in the field of labor relations with prosecutors and their social rights are played by familiarity with international regulations (Conclusion of the Advisory Council of European Prosecutors № 9 (2014 (Rome Charter), Conclusion № 13 (2018) of the Advisory Council of European Prosecutors) which regulate labor and social guarantees for prosecutors. Problematic issues and gaps in the provisions of Ukrainian legislation in the field of labor and social security relations with prosecutors were investigated. The authors also developed ways to eliminate them by preserving existing and creating new norms that meet national characteristics. The importance of this study is that this system of government has a significant impact on the implementation of responsibilities for the protection of human rights and freedoms, the common interests of society and the state.
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Salmi, Liz, Juliana Barnard, Carly Ritger, Rudy Fischmann, Sandra Garcia-Hernandez, Nestelynn Gay, Ricardo Gonzalez-Fisher et al. "DISP-10. ENHANCING TRUST AND REPRESENTATIVE PARTICIPATION IN THE INTERNATIONAL LOW GRADE GLIOMA REGISTRY: COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT STRATEGIES AND RECOMMENDATIONS". Neuro-Oncology 25, Supplement_5 (1 de noviembre de 2023): v138—v139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noad179.0525.
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Abstract BACKGROUND The International Low Grade Glioma (LGG) Registry is a community of people with LGGs who have contributed data and specimens to facilitate genomic research. The Registry aims to discover the roles genetics and the environment play in glioma risk factors and treatment response. To ensure findings apply to a range of diverse populations and settings, it is crucial to build trust and encourage representative participation in the Registry. METHODS Three engagement strategies were used to gather recommendations for improving trust and participation in LGG genomic research. We established a Research Advisory Council (RAC) consisting of 25 members, including people with LGG, care partners, clinicians, researchers, advocates, and genomics and ethics experts. Additionally, we engaged two existing social media communities (the #BTSM community on Twitter, the Oligodendroglioma/LGG Warriors Facebook group) through separate discussions with each group over four months. Topics included: 1) Trust and benefits of genomic research; 2) Registry recruitment; 3) Registry data collection; and 4) Return of results. We used qualitative methods to summarize recommendations. RESULTS Feedback received from community members indicated a willingness to share information with the Registry. Recommendations related to recruitment message content and packaging, communication channels, data security, and conveying the individual- and population-level impacts of genomic research. The Registry’s messages should include clear information about how data and specimens are being used. Both research and individual-level findings should be shared back with participants and the broader community using accessible language, but without being paternalistic or promising cures or “miracles.” CONCLUSIONS Engaging an advisory council and existing social media communities were effective approaches for identifying recommendations for enhancing trust and participation in genomic research. Regular, consistent, transparent communication with participants throughout the research process is key. Future efforts will operationalize and evaluate the impact of these recommendations on equity and representativeness of Registry participants.
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Kzar, Alaa Abdulhussein y Alyaa Jassim Mohammed. "Strategic Entrepreneurship Under the Chaos Theory". Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental 17, n.º 7 (21 de julio de 2023): e03864. http://dx.doi.org/10.24857/rgsa.v17n7-012.
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Purpose: The research aims to test the relationship between chaos theory and strategic Entrepreneurship in the Iraqi National Security Advisory, as well as the research clarifies the results by showcasing the applied side of the research.
Theoretical framework: The research concentrates on 3 main points, which are: (I) The Chaos Theory, (II) Strategic Entrepreneurship, (III) The applied side of the research. It tries to analyze the relationship between these variables by reviewing the introduction, which includes the research problem and hypotheses, as well as reviewing the results and discussions that prove the hypotheses.
Methods: Put questions and goals derived from it, to define its hypothetical model with two main hypotheses The research community was (144), while the research sample was (133) from the leaders of the National Security Advisory (Deputy National Security Adviser, general managers, assistant directors general, consultants, department directors, and division directors), to distribute to them (the questionnaire) that was designed by relying on the survey data were analyzed after adopting the descriptive, exploratory approach, on the two statistical packages (SPSS V.28 & AMOS V.25), so that the analysis of its data concludes with identifying the most prominent result of the National Security Advisory’s tendency to improve its Entrepreneurship. Stimulating entrepreneurship and innovation should be part of regulatory agendas that tend to encourage and drive the adoption and dissemination of technologies (Matheus Eurico Soares de Noronha and Et. al., 2023: 26). As it is at the top of the hierarchy in security decision-making and organization before voting on it in the National Security Council headed by the Prime Minister and whose membership constitutes the relevant security and sovereign ministries within the structure of the Iraqi government. One of the reasons for adopting the title of the research was to come up with a clear scientific analytical vision about what the intellectual presentation of chaos theory provides, and the intellectual contributions in the field of strategic Entrepreneurship for the leaders of the National Security Advisers, as well as knowledge integration in bridging potential chaos gaps from the perspective of culture, Entrepreneurship capabilities, and wisdom in disposing of resources and according to priorities. And the goals of the organization and the method of applying innovative ideas concerned with proactively developing creative directions, and on this basis, the research problem was formulated with a main question, was the National Security Advisory able to employ chaos theory in improving its strategic Entrepreneurship?
Uniqueness: The strategy is based on the adoption of chaos theory in general, and its dimensions of strange attractor/butterfly effect, bifurcation point, feedback, and self-regulation, as well as adopting strategies to improve the dimensions of strategic Entrepreneurship represented by the employment of strange attractor/butterfly effect, bifurcation point and feedback in improving entrepreneurial culture, and adopting those Dimensions as dimensions of chaos theory in improving entrepreneurial Entrepreneurship, to resort to the strange attractor/butterfly effect, self-organization, and bifurcation point to improve the level of strategic resource management, as well as employing the strange attractor/butterfly effect, bifurcation point and feedback in improving its ability to apply innovation to develop creativity.
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Velichko, Mykola. "State of the modern system of biosecurity and biosecurity of Ukraine and proposals for its improvement". Legal Ukraine 7, n.º 7 (5 de julio de 2021): 38–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.37749/2308-9636-2021-7(223)-4.
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The article offers the author’s vision for the creation of a system of biological safety and biological protection of the state in Ukraine, which will consist of the following elements, namely: the Biosafety Management and Bioprotection Management Authority of Ukraine; Law of Ukraine on Biosafety and Biological Protection of the State; Strategy for ensuring biological safety and biological protection on the principle of «single health» for the period up to 2025 with the approved action plan for its implementation; Interdepartmental Commission on Biosafety Management and Biological Protection and Management of Hazardous Biological Agents, Products of Their Life and Processing; National Bank of Genetic Resources of Ukraine; Subjects of ensuring biological safety and biological protection of the state; Advisory body on a voluntary basis ‒ the Commission on Biosafety and Biosecurity under the National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine. It is concluded that Ukraine does not currently have an effective system of biological safety and biological protection to counter biological threats to the national security of Ukraine. It is proposed to use the positive international experience in the formation of a comprehensive program of biological safety and biological protection (for example, Germany, Denmark, Canada) in Ukraine in developing an appropriate domestic program that will help combat threats to national security of Ukraine. Key words: system, elements, commission, biological threats, biological risks, biological safety, biological protection, legal support.
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Shamkhi, Muhammad Yahya y Khalid Mahdi Saleh. "The Impact of Strategic Thinking on Organizational Excellence an Analytical Model for the National Security Advisory". Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental 17, n.º 7 (26 de julio de 2023): e03624. http://dx.doi.org/10.24857/rgsa.v17n7-016.
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Purpose: The aim of the research is to diagnose the level of awareness of human resources in the organization, the research sample, of the contents of strategic thinking, and to indicate the extent to which the researched organization possesses strategic thinking and invests it in work realistically. Theoretical framework: The theoretical framework of the research is represented by highlighting the research problem and developing hypotheses that are temporary solutions to the problem. In order to obtain the results, a sample of (95) employees of the National Security Advisory Council were selected at various administrative levels. The research included three main hypotheses from which some sub-hypotheses emerge. Methods: The research adopted the descriptive analytical approach as it is compatible with the data of the current research. This approach is based on the process of collecting data and information on the research variable (strategic thinking), according to this approach, the opinions of the respondents are verified, their answers to the questionnaire items are determined, and these opinions are analyzed. Results and Conclusions: The existence of a significant correlation between strategic thinking and organizational excellence, as well as the existence of a clear impact of strategic thinking on organizational excellence from the point of view of the employees working in the research sample chancellery. The results showed a high level of embodiment of strategic thinking at the general level in the Chancellery of the research sample, despite the varying level of importance between the dimensions of strategic thinking. Research implications: The research diagnoses the level of awareness of human resources in the organization, the research sample, of the contents of strategic thinking, and indicates the extent to which the researched organization possesses strategic thinking and invests it in work realistically. Originality/value: The research community was represented by the staff working in the National Security Adviser at different administrative levels and functional specializations. To achieve harmony among the respondents from the community, a random sample of (95) employees were chosen. As (100) questionnaires were distributed, (98) questionnaires were retrieved, and (3) questionnaires were not valid for statistical analysis.
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Gardam, Judith. "The Contribution of the International Court of Justice to International Humanitarian Law". Leiden Journal of International Law 14, n.º 2 (junio de 2001): 349–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156501000176.
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This article considers the contribution of the International Court of Justice (‘ICJ’) to the development of the rules and principles of international humanitarian law (‘IHL’). In recent times, the contribution of the Court to this body of the law has been overshadowed by the work of the two ad hoc international criminal tribunals, the ICTY and the ICTR, established by the Security Council to punish those responsible for serious breaches of IHL. Nevertheless, the ICJ, in both its contentious and advisory jurisdictions, has considered the provisions of IHL on a number of occasions, and in the process has clarified many areas of IHL. This article is concerned with one particular issue: how does the Court perceive the fundamental nature of IHL? The analysis adopts two themes. First, an assessment is made of the part played by the Court in the process of bringing IHL into conformity with the changing emphasis of general international law. In both the Nicaragua case and the Nuclear Weapons Advisory Opinion the Court continued the process of what has been referred to as the “humanization of international law.” Second, the approach of the Court to the vexed issue of the relationship between ius ad bellum and IHL is considered. The conclusion is reached that the approach of the Court to this latter issue has undermined its contribution to infusing the humanitarian ethos into IHL.
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Callahan, Mary Beth. "Dollars and Sense of Successful Rehabilitation". Progress in Transplantation 15, n.º 4 (diciembre de 2005): 331–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/152692480501500404.
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Improving employment outcomes for transplant recipients can positively contribute to a patient's identity, self-esteem, and quality of life. Placing a dollar figure on the costs associated with advanced medical procedures is much easier than placing a dollar figure on the benefits resulting from being employed after transplantation. This article outlines the work of the Life Options Rehabilitation Advisory Council and how it has assisted people with kidney disease—those on dialysis and those who received transplants—to achieve life goals and provide long-term access to employer group health plans. A review of current work incentives includes the Ticket to Work and the Work Incentives Improvement Act, Medicaid Buy-in Programs, and other work incentives related to the Social Security system. Effective rehabilitation outcomes can be enhanced in the transplant population through knowledge of work incentives and awareness of obstacles that are perceived by rehabilitation agencies in working with this group.
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Bodansky, Daniel y Geoffrey R. Watson. "Mara’abe v. Prime Minister of Israel". American Journal of International Law 100, n.º 4 (octubre de 2006): 895–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0002930000031973.
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Mara'Abe v. Prime Minister of Israel. Case No. HCJ 7957/04. At <http://elyonl.court.gov.il/eng/home/index.html> (English translation).Supreme Court of Israel, sitting as the High Court of Justice, September 15, 2005.In Mara ‘abe v. Prime Minister of Israel, the Israeli Supreme Court held that the routing of a portion of Israel's “security fence” in the northern West Bank violated international humanitarian law. The Supreme Court, sitting as the High Court of Justice, ordered the Israeli government to consider alternative paths for the barrier. The Mara'abe decision expanded on the Court's earlier ruling in Beit Sourik Village Council v. Israel, in which the Court ordered the rerouting of another segment of the obstacle. Mara ’abe also revealed some of the Israeli Court's views on Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in Occupied Palestinian Territory— the 2004 advisory opinion of the International Court of Justice (ICJ) holding that construction of the barrier anywhere in occupied territory violates international law.
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Nadash, Pamela. "WHAT DO FAMILY CAREGIVERS WANT? PAYMENT FOR PROVIDING CARE". Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (1 de noviembre de 2022): 285. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.1134.
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Abstract Although the primary goal of self-directed programs providing long term services and supports (LTSS) is to maximize choice and control for service recipients, such programs may also benefit family caregivers by compensating them for providing supportive services. This study draws on qualitative data from research supporting the RAISE Family Caregiver Advisory Council, finding that family caregivers themselves see the expansion of self-directed programs as a policy priority due to their need for financial security. The request for compensation was the strongest finding, with respondents highlighting the incompatibility of work with caregiving and their inability to rely on the existing paid workforce due to supply and quality issues; the consequences of this loss of earned income were reported as severe. Ultimately, respondents saw payment for providing care as an issue of fairness. This evidence supports the policy case for expanding access to self-directed programs that permit the employment of family caregivers.
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Nadash, Pamela. "WHAT DO FAMILY CAREGIVERS WANT? PAYMENT FOR PROVIDING CARE". Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (1 de noviembre de 2022): 285. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.3144.
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Abstract Although the primary goal of self-directed programs providing long term services and supports (LTSS) is to maximize choice and control for service recipients, such programs may also benefit family caregivers by compensating them for providing supportive services. This study draws on qualitative data from research supporting the RAISE Family Caregiver Advisory Council, finding that family caregivers themselves see the expansion of self-directed programs as a policy priority due to their need for financial security. The request for compensation was the strongest finding, with respondents highlighting the incompatibility of work with caregiving and their inability to rely on the existing paid workforce due to supply and quality issues; the consequences of this loss of earned income were reported as severe. Ultimately, respondents saw payment for providing care as an issue of fairness. This evidence supports the policy case for expanding access to self-directed programs that permit the employment of family caregivers.
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Snead, David L. y Pasi Tuunainen. "The Role of Presidential Advisory Systems in US Foreign Policy-Making: The Case of the National Security Council and Vietnam, 1953-1961". Journal of American History 89, n.º 3 (diciembre de 2002): 1116. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3092468.
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Steger, Debra P. "Commentary on the Doha Round: Institutional Issues". Global Economy Journal 5, n.º 4 (7 de diciembre de 2005): 1850065. http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1524-5861.1152.
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Commentary on Robert Howse's article "WTO Governance and the Doha Round." Debra Steger is Executive in Residence at the University of Ottawa Faculty of Law where she is working to establish a new institute for international law, economy and security in Canada. Previously, she was Senior Counsel with Thomas & Partners, a law firm specializing in international trade and investment matters. From 1995-2001, she served as the founding Director of the Appellate Body Secretariat of the World Trade Organization in Geneva, Switzerland, during which time she helped to establish the Appellate Body as the first appellate tribunal in international trade. She is Chair of the Trade and Customs Law Committee of the International Bar Association, and has been on the executive of the Trade Committee of the International Law Association for the past 10 years. She is also a member of the Editorial Advisory Board of the Journal for International Economic Law. She participates on the Advisory Council of the UNCTAD Project on Building Capacity through Training in Dispute Settlement in International Trade Investment and Intellectual Property as well as the Governing Council of the World Trade Law Association. During the Uruguay Round of Multilateral Trade Negotiations, she was the Senior Negotiator for Canada on Dispute Settlement and the Establishment of the World Trade Organization as well as the Principal Legal Counsel to the Government of Canada for all of the Uruguay Round agreements. From 1991—1995, she was General Counsel of the Canadian International Trade Tribunal in Ottawa, the agency responsible for administering the antidumping, countervail, safeguards, and government procurement legislation in Canada. Her most recent book is entitled: “Peace Through Trade: Building the WTO” which was published by Cameron May International Legal Publishers in 2004. Steger holds an LL.M. from the University of Michigan Law School, an LL.B. from the University of Victoria Faculty of Law, and a B.A. (Honours) in History from the University of British Columbia.