Literatura académica sobre el tema "Oscines"
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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Oscines"
Raposo, Marcos A. y Elizabeth Höfling. "Overestimation of vocal characters in Suboscine taxonomy (Aves: Passeriformes: Tyranni): causes and implications". Lundiana: International Journal of Biodiversity 4, n.º 1 (2 de diciembre de 2022): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.35699/2675-5327.2003.21833.
Texto completoMayr, Gerald y Albrecht Manegold. "A Small Suboscine-Like Passeriform Bird from the Early Oligocene of France". Condor 108, n.º 3 (1 de agosto de 2006): 717–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/condor/108.3.717.
Texto completoWeir, Jason T. y David Wheatcroft. "A latitudinal gradient in rates of evolution of avian syllable diversity and song length". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 278, n.º 1712 (10 de noviembre de 2010): 1713–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2010.2037.
Texto completoSclater, P. L. "Remarks on two rare American Oscines". Ibis 26, n.º 3 (3 de abril de 2008): 240–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919x.1884.tb01161.x.
Texto completoClark, George A. y Justine B. de Cruz. "Functional Interpretation of Protruding Filoplumes in Oscines". Condor 91, n.º 4 (noviembre de 1989): 962. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1368080.
Texto completoSecondi, Jean, Carel Ten Cate y Merijn De Bakker. "FEMALE RESPONSES TO MALE COOS IN THE COLLARED DOVE STREPTOPELIA DECAOCTO". Behaviour 139, n.º 10 (2002): 1287–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853902321104163.
Texto completoManegold, Albrecht, Gerald Mayr y Cécile Mourer-Chauviré. "Miocene Songbirds and the Composition of the European Passeriform Avifauna". Auk 121, n.º 4 (1 de octubre de 2004): 1155–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/121.4.1155.
Texto completoMIRONOV, S. V., P. B. KLIMOV, N. L. BLOCK y B. M. OCONNOR. "Congruent co-evolution of the feather mite genus Trouessartia (Acariformes: Trouessartiidae) and endemic Malagasy warblers (Passeriformes: Bernieridae)". Zoosymposia 22 (30 de noviembre de 2022): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zoosymposia.22.1.22.
Texto completoGreene, Erick. "Toward an Evolutionary Understanding of Song Diversity in Oscines". Auk 116, n.º 2 (abril de 1999): 299–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4089363.
Texto completoMORENO, EULALIA y LUIS M. CARRASCAL. "Ecomorphological patterns of aerial feeding in oscines (Passeriformes: Passeri)". Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 50, n.º 2 (octubre de 1993): 147–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.1993.tb00922.x.
Texto completoTesis sobre el tema "Oscines"
Hobart, Holly Howard. "Comparative karyology in nine-primaried oscines (Aves)". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185492.
Texto completoNodari, Fernando. "Filogenia do gênero Paroaria (Aves: Passeriformes: Oscines) e filogeografia de Paroaria dominicana". Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41131/tde-08122008-174033/.
Texto completoThis Masters Thesis comprises two complementary studies: phylogeny of the genus Paroaria (Aves: Passeriformes; Oscines; Chapter 2) and phylogeography of Paroaria dominicana (Chapter 3). The phylogeny of the genus Paroaria is based on complete ND2 (1041 bp) sequences from all five Paroaria species (except P. baeri with 925 bp) and from six species from different tribes of the subfamily Emberizini as outgroups. The results indicate that: 1) the current tribe Emberizini is not monophyletic; 2) Gubernatrix cristata should be placed within the tribe Thraupini; 3) among the outgroups sampled, G. cristata is the closest to genus Paroaria; 4) genus Paroaria is monophyletic; and 5) genus Paroaria is comprised of two major clades: (P. dominicana, P. coronata) and (P. baeri (P. gularis, P. capitata)). To help interpreting the results, the distribution of sampling localities of the genus Paroaria was compiled from eleven institutions. The clade (P. dominicana, P. coronata) indicates an association between the open forests of Caatinga and around the Chaco. The clade (P. baeri (P. gularis, P. capitata)) suggests that the riparian forests of Cerrado, Amazon, Pantanal and around the Chaco are related. Date estimates of diversification indicate that the oldest splits within the genus occurred during the Pliocene, and only the youngest diversification occurred during the early Pleistocene. Paleogeographic and paleoclimate events could be related to these diversifications. The phylogeography of the species P. dominicana is based on sequences from of ND3 (351 bp) and first domain of the control region (391 bp) from 51 individuals. The sister species P. coronata was used as outgroup. However, due to technical problems it was replaced by P. capitata in some data matrices. Neutrality tests results suggest that: 1) there is departure from the neutral equilibrium population model due to negative or positive selection (pre or post fixation phases) acting simultaneously or not with a recent population expansion; and 2) the use of a non-sister outgroup caused saturation of the data, jeopardizing more precise inferences on the forces shaping the polymorphism pattern found. Therefore, historical demography and effective population size analyses could not be performed. The population structure analyses suggest that: 1) the species P. dominicana is not geographically structured based on mtDNA data; 2) this species can be considered as a single Management Unit; and 3) the São Francisco river and the types of Caatinga are not geographic and ecological barriers for this species, respectively.
LOBATO, Muriele Nazareth. "Identificação neuroanatômica dos núcleos cerebrais relacionados ao canto em Uraeginthus cyanocephalus (ordem Passeriformes, subordem Oscines, família Estrildidae)". Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011. http://repositorio.ufpa.br/jspui/handle/2011/2863.
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Sabe-se que as regiões cerebrais envolvidas no controle do canto são sexualmente dimórficas em muitas espécies de pássaros adultos de regiões temperadas como nos zebra finches em que os machos cantam e as fêmeas não cantam. Em diversas espécies de pássaros canoros dos trópicos, contudo, tanto os machos quanto as fêmeas são capazes de cantar. Porém, os mecanismos envolvidos na produção do canto em fêmeas ainda é pouco compreendido. Com o intuito de identificar diferenças que possam explicar o canto em fêmeas, nós estudamos a morfologia do sistema do canto de pássaros machos e fêmeas da espécies Uraegynthus cyanocephalus, espécie esta em que tanto machos quanto fêmeas cantam. Como primeiro passo para a análise e estabelecimento de diferenças anatômicas quanto ao sexo, nós quantificamos alterações de volume de áreas prosencefálicas relacionadas ao cantos, através de marcação com Nissl e de marcação de receptores andrógenos (RA) por meio de hibridização in situ radioativa. Nós verificamos que, tanto em machos quanto em fêmeas, o volume do centro vocal superior (HVC) não sofre alteração estatisticamente significativa ao longo do desenvolvimento. Observamos, ainda, que o volume do HVC em machos é sempre superior ao das fêmeas, inclusive na fase adulta, quando esta diferença se torna significativa, existindo portanto, dimorfismo sexual. Contrariamente ao desenvolvimento do HVC, o núcleo robusto do arcopalio (RA) de machos aumenta de modo significativo gradualmente com a idade, atingindo o seu pico de crescimento na fase adulta. O volume do RA aumentou em 2,21 vezes no macho (0,104 mm3 em 20 dias para 0,236 mm3 na idade adulta). Nas fêmeas, as alterações volumétricas de RA observadas ao longo do crescimento não foram significativas.
Song control regions in passerine birds are sexually dimorphic in the adult brain of species like the zebra finches in which males sing whereas females do not. In the majority of tropical bird species, however, females sing as well. The issue of female song production began to attract more attention recently, but the neural mechanisms involved in the female song production are still poorly understood. Here we study for the first time the ontogeny of the song control system in a species, in which both male and female sing regularly. In blue-capped cordon blues (Uraeginthus cyanocephalus), a close relative of the zebra finch, females sing but have shorter songs with fewer syllables compared to the males. Volumetric changes of forebrain song control regions (the HVC, the RA and the LMAN) of the blue capped cordon bleu have been quantified in both sexes at 20, 30, 50 and ≥100 days posthatching, by using the Nissl- taining method and in situs hybridization. In both sexes, no significant differences in the volumetric development of HVC (proper name) were detected. The Nissl-efined volume of the HVC in males was always superior to the females values, including the adulthood, when the volume values became significant bigger in males than in females. In contrast, the volume of the robust nucleus of the archistriatum (RA) increased with age reaching the highest values in adulthood. The Nissl-defined RA volume incresed by 2,21 times in males (from 0,104 mm3 at 20 days to 0,236 mm3 in adulthood). In females, no significant differences in the volumetric development of RA were detected.
Johnson, Gayle y n/a. "Vocalizations in the Grey Butcherbird Cracticus Torquatus with Emphasis on Structure in Male Breeding Song: Implications for the Function and Evolution of Song from a Study of a Southern Hemisphere Species". Griffith University. Australian School of Environmental Studies, 2003. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20051103.111004.
Texto completoMénardy, Fabien. "Reconnaissance des signaux de communication chez le diamant mandarin : étude des réponses des neurones d’une aire auditive secondaire". Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA11T049/document.
Texto completoHow sensory signals are encoded in the brain and whether their behavioural relevance affects their encoding are central questions in sensory neuroscience. Studies have consistently shown that behavioural relevance can change the neural representation of sounds in the auditory system, but what occurs in the context of natural acoustic communication where significance could be acquired through social interaction remains to be explored. The zebra finch, a highly social songbird species that forms lifelong pair bonds and uses a vocalization, the distance call, to identify its mate offers an opportunity to address this issue. One auditory area in the songbird telencephalon, the caudo-medial nidopallium (NCM) that is considered as being analogous to the secondary mammalian auditory cortex, has recently emerged as part of the neural substrate for sensory representation of species-specific vocalizations: the activation of NCM neurons is greatest when birds are exposed to conspecific song, as compared to heterospecific song or artificial stimuli. This led us to investigate whether, in the zebra finch, NCM neurons could contribute to the discrimination among vocalizations that differ in their degree of familiarity: calls produced by the mate, by familiar individuals (males or females), or by unfamiliar individuals (males or females). In females, behaviourally relevant calls, i.e. the mate’s call and familiar calls, evoked responses of greater magnitude than unfamiliar calls. This distinction between responses was seen both in multiunit recordings from awake freely moving mated females (using a telemetric system) and in single unit recordings from anesthetized mated females. In contrast, control females that had not heard them previously displayed response of similar magnitude to call stimuli. In addition, more cells showed highly selective responses in mated than in control females suggesting that experience-dependent plasticity in call-evoked responses resulted in enhanced discrimination of auditory stimuli. In males, as in females, call playback evoked robust auditory responses. However, neurons in males did not appear capable of categorizing the calls of individuals (males or females) as ‘‘familiar’’ or ‘‘unfamiliar’’. Then, we investigated how calls are represented in the NCM of zebra finches by assessing whether certain call-specific acoustic cues drove NCM neurons to a greater degree than others. Behavioural studies had previously identified call-specific acoustic cues that are necessary to elicit a vocal response from male and female zebra finches. Single-unit recordings indicated that NCM neurons in females were particularly sensitive to call modifications in the spectral domain: suppressing the fundamental frequency of call stimuli or modifying the relative energy levels of harmonics in call caused a marked decrease in response magnitude of NCM neurons. In males, NCM neurons also appear to be sensitive to call modifications in the spectral domain, however changes in magnitude of responses (increase or decrease) depended on the acoustic cue that had been modified.Our results provide evidence that the NCM is a telencephalic auditory region that contributes to the processing of the distance call, in females as well in males. However, how the distance call is processed and represented in the NCM appears to differ between males and females. In females, the NCM could be involved in dicrimination between call stimuli whereas, in males, its functional role in call-processing remains to be determined. Our results also suggest that, in females, social experience with the call of individuals, by affecting the degree to which neurons discriminated between these calls, may shape the functional properties of neurons in a telencephalic auditory area. The functional properties of auditory neurons may therefore change continuously to adapt to the social environment
Pagliarini, Silvia. "Modeling the neural network responsible for song learning". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021BORD0107.
Texto completoDuring the first period of their life, babies and juvenile birds show comparable phases of vocal development: first, they listen to their parents/tutors in order to build a neural representation of the experienced auditory stimulus, then they start to produce sound and progressively get closer to reproducing their tutor song. This phase of learning is called the sensorimotor phase and is characterized by the presence of babbling, in babies, and subsong, in birds. It ends when the song crystallizes and becomes similar to the one produced by the adults.It is possible to find analogies between brain pathways responsible for sensorimotor learning in humans and birds: a vocal production pathway involves direct projections from auditory areas to motor neurons, and a vocal learning pathway is responsible for imitation and plasticity. The behavioral studies and the neuroanatomical structure of the vocal control circuit in humans and birds provide the basis for bio-inspired models of vocal learning.In particular, birds have brain circuits exclusively dedicated to song learning, making them an ideal model for exploring the representation of vocal learning by imitation of tutors.This thesis aims to build a vocal learning model underlying song learning in birds. An extensive review of the existing literature is discussed in the thesis: many previous studies have attempted to implement imitative learning in computational models and share a common structure. These learning architectures include the learning mechanisms and, eventually, exploration and evaluation strategies. A motor control function enables sound production and sensory response models either how sound is perceived or how it shapes the reward. The inputs and outputs of these functions lie (1)~in the motor space (motor parameters’ space), (2)~in the sensory space (real sounds) and (3)~either in the perceptual space (a low dimensional representation of the sound) or in the internal representation of goals (a non-perceptual representation of the target sound).The first model proposed in this thesis is a theoretical inverse model based on a simplified vocal learning model where the sensory space coincides with the motor space (i.e., there is no sound production). Such a simplification allows us to investigate how to introduce biological assumptions (e.g. non-linearity response) into a vocal learning model and which parameters influence the computational power of the model the most. The influence of the sharpness of auditory selectivity and the motor dimension are discussed.To have a complete model (which is able to perceive and produce sound), we needed a motor control function capable of reproducing sounds similar to real data (e.g. recordings of adult canaries). We analyzed the capability of WaveGAN (a Generative Adversarial Network) to provide a generator model able to produce realistic canary songs. In this generator model, the input space becomes the latent space after training and allows the representation of a high-dimensional dataset in a lower-dimensional manifold. We obtained realistic canary sounds using only three dimensions for the latent space. Among other results, quantitative and qualitative analyses demonstrate the interpolation abilities of the model, which suggests that the generator model we studied can be used as a motor function in a vocal learning model.The second version of the sensorimotor model is a complete vocal learning model with a full action-perception loop (i.e., it includes motor space, sensory space, and perceptual space). The sound production is performed by the GAN generator previously obtained. A recurrent neural network classifying syllables serves as the perceptual sensory response. Similar to the first model, the mapping between the perceptual space and the motor space is learned via an inverse model. Preliminary results show the influence of the learning rate when different sensory response functions are implemented
Linossier, Juliette. "La plasticité et la structure du chant de la fauvette à tête noire étudiées chez des populations migratrices et sédentaires". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS197/document.
Texto completoThe aim of the thesis was to study the structure, function and plasticity over time of the song of a male adult bird, the blackcap Sylvia atricapilla. The influence of different migratory behaviors on the song characteristics, on the dialect maintenance and on learning has also been studied in two populations, a migratory one (represented by two groups in Paris) and a sedentary one (represented by 3 groups in Corsica). The song of this species consists of two parts with distinct sound characteristics, the warble and the whistle. Our playback experiments show that both parts trigger male territorial response. Such a song in two parts probably allows blackcaps to transmit different information for different audiences, close and distant, males and females. Genetic analyzes with microsatellites show no genetic structure of groups and populations. Nevertheless, we have shown the existence of micro-geographical variations in the composition of syllables and sequences of syllables in the whistle part. Although the turnover of individuals is higher among migrants than among sedentary populations, the two populations have similar syllables and phrases sharing within groups. However, migratory birds, compared to sedentary ones, have a syllable repertoire size twice as large and a repertoire of phrase sharing much smaller. The survey of sedentary individuals over several consecutive years has shown that the species show a vocal plasticity since a greater sharing of syllables and of phrases is observed intra year than between years within groups. Although individuals seem able to modify their songs every year, we didn’t succeed in showing with playback experiments in natural environment that adults males were able to learn new syllables or new phrases
OLIVEIRA, Vera Lúcia Cunha de. "Influência do ruído ambiente em canções de um pássaro Oscine e um Suboscine da mesma população". Universidade Federal de Alfenas, 2014. https://bdtd.unifal-mg.edu.br:8443/handle/tede/548.
Texto completoAnthropogenic noise may affect acoustic communication of species through masking, with potential fitness consequences. Several species from different groups then show differences in call features or behavior between noisier and quieter regions, allowing them to survive and reproduce in the noisy places. Differences may arise through short (call plasticity), medium (ontogenetic) or long-term (evolutionary) mechanisms. For the short and medium term mechanisms, intrinsic characteristics of the species may interfere with the modification of the signals, particularly the way that vocal learning occurs. Within the Passeriform order, the oscines show vocal learning, while the suboscines do not. Here we report a study comparing song characteristics of an oscine (southern house wren Troglodytes musculus) and a suboscine bird (great kiskadee Pitangus sulphuratus) of a single population at two different places of their habitat showing different noise levels. We predicted that the oscine bird would show differences in the calls between the regions, while the suboscine species would not show them, given the differences in song learning and plasticity between those groups. Contrary to our predictions, almost none of the song parameters of both the great kiskadee and the southern house wren differed between those areas. The results point to the possibility that there might not be short term acoustic adaptation in bird song features in these species (or that there might not be a difference between oscines and suboscines or learners vs. non-learners), but several alternative hypotheses exist.
Flach, Leonardo. "Captação de recursos e estrutura organizacional de OSCIPs ambientalistas". Florianópolis, SC, 2006. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/89343.
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Este trabalho procurou conhecer as características da captação de recursos e da estrutura organizacional de Organizações da Sociedade Civil de Interesse Público (OSCIPs) ambientalistas de Florianópolis. Para isso, foi realizado um estudo de casos múltiplos com as organizações Instituto Harmonia na Terra, Aprender e Aliança Nativa. Para contextualizar o estudo, buscou-se na literatura temas como movimento ambientalista, terceiro setor, a lei das OSCIPs e a captação de recursos. Os dados foram coletados através da análise documental e entrevistas semi-estruturadas, realizadas por meio de amostragens intencionais. As análises pareceram indicar características estruturais semelhantes a organizações orgânicas, onde se destacou a descentralização e fluidez na divisão de tarefas. Observou-se que o planejamento das organizações pesquisadas ainda parece ser incipiente e realizado somente a curto ou médio prazo. As principais fontes de recursos das organizações pesquisadas são organizações públicas e privadas. Mas a opinião dos entrevistados foi a de que os resultados esperados pelos órgãos financiadores públicos e privados diferem entre si. Enquanto o órgão público espera qualidade no cumprimento do projeto proposto, o órgão privado pretende melhorar a sua imagem no mercado. Verificou-se também que as vantagens proporcionadas pela lei das OSCIPs superam suas desvantagens. Entre as vantagens relatadas estão melhorias em parcerias, a possibilidade de remunerar dirigentes e a melhoria na imagem da organização.
Tabosa, Vieira Bruno. "Microcrédito no terceiro setor e o empoderamento gerado no Recife e no Pólo de Confecções do Agreste pelo CEAPE". Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2010. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/7598.
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Este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar as práticas de microcrédito orientado desempenhadas por Organizações da Sociedade Civil de Interesse Público (OSCIP s) no estado de Pernambuco. Nesta perspectiva, o Centro de apoio ao pequeno empreendedores do Estado de Pernambuco foi escolhido como objeto de estudo. A escolha dessa instituição se deu pelo tempo de atuação que a mesma tem no mercado e pela cobertura territorial de ação que se define em quase todo o Estado. Foram selecionados como pontos de atendimento a serem estudados as unidades do Ceape-PE em Recife, Caruaru, Santa Cruz do Capibaribe e Toritama, no período de janeiro de 2005 a julho de 2010. Tais cidades se destacam no cenário econômico de Pernambuco, o que orientou a suposição de que a representação amostral estaria adequada. O estudo procurou ainda identificar: a. se, durante o período acima indicado, ocorreu o empoderamento econômico, pessoal e político dos tomadores de empréstimo; b. se existiram diferenças entre os níveis dessas formas de empoderamento na Capital e nas cidades do Agreste e c. se a localização da OSCIP estudada (na capital e no interior) está ligada à existência de arranjos produtivos locais que fomentem a demanda por microcrédito orientado. Desta maneira, a construção do trabalho permeou o seguinte problema de pesquisa: a OSCIP de microcrédito estudada pôde trazer contribuições para o empoderamento dos seus beneficiados no Recife e no Pólo de confecções do Agreste, durante o período de janeiro de 2005 a julho de 2010? Em termos metodológicos optouse por: realizar uma entrevista com cada gestor e vinte e cinco entrevistas com beneficiários. Ao mesmo tempo, buscou-se, em linhas gerais, colaborar com os estudos sobre o Terceiro Setor em Pernambuco, identificando as contribuições que podem se trazidas à sociedade através das atividades desenvolvidas pelas instituições que o compõem
Libros sobre el tema "Oscines"
Agências, contratos e Oscips: A experiência pública brasileira. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil: Editora FGV, 2007.
Buscar texto completoCapítulos de libros sobre el tema "Oscines"
"The Oscines or Songbirds: Suborder Passeri (Passeres)". En Phylogeny and Classification of the Birds, 602–4. Yale University Press, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/9780300237856-053.
Texto completo"Oscine (Scopoline)". En Natural Compounds, 733. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0560-3_1447.
Texto completoActas de conferencias sobre el tema "Oscines"
Al Balushi, Abdullah, Kieran McLaughlin y Sakir Sezer. "OSCIDS: An Ontology based SCADA Intrusion Detection Framework". En International Conference on Security and Cryptography. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0005969803270335.
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