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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Organophosphorus compounds – Analysis"

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Publicado: 4 de junio de 2021
Última modificación: 12 de febrero de 2022

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1

Vereshchagina, Yana A., Eleonora A. Ishmaeva y Vladislav V. Zverev. "Theoretical conformational analysis of organophosphorus compounds". Russian Chemical Reviews 74, n.º 4 (30 de abril de 2005): 297–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1070/rc2005v074n04abeh000890.

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2

Kabachnik, M. I. y A. N. Nasmeyanov. "Analysis of CH-Acidity of Organophosphorus Compounds". Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements 77, n.º 1-4 (abril de 1993): 97–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10426509308045628.

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3

Yoshifuji, Masaaki. "Sterically protected organophosphorus compounds of unusual structures". Pure and Applied Chemistry 89, n.º 3 (1 de marzo de 2017): 281–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pac-2016-1029.

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AbstractThe character of bis(2,4,6-tri-tert-butylphenyl)diphosphene is described experimentally and theoretically. The diphosphene is stabilized by steric protection and the structure can be characterized by spectroscopic as well as crystallographic analyses. Theoretical calculation on the diphosphene strongly suggests that the P=P bond is an isolated double bond and that the P–C bonds are single covalent bond. The reactivity has been investigated including photolysis, oxidation, sulfurization, selenation, transition-metal complex formation, and carbene addition. Plausible mechanistic scheme for the reaction of the diphosphene with 3,4,5,6-tetrachlorocyclohexa-3,5-diene-1,2-dione (or tetrachloro-o-benzoquinone) to a pentavalent spiro product is discussed based on the product analysis.
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4

Galkin, Vladimir I., Artem A. Cherkasov y Rafael A. Cherkasov. "New Methods for Quantitative Analysis of Organophosphorus Compounds Reactivity". Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements 177, n.º 8-9 (agosto de 2002): 2207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10426500213326.

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5

Vereshchagina, Yana A., Denis V. Chachkov, Eleonora A. Ishmaeva, Aisylu A. Gazizova y Gulnaz R. Fattakhova. "Theoretical Conformational Analysis of Cyclic Organophosphorus and Organosilicon Compounds". Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements 186, n.º 4 (31 de marzo de 2011): 830–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10426507.2010.525767.

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6

KABACHNIK, M. I. "ChemInform Abstract: Analysis of CH-Acidity of Organophosphorus Compounds". ChemInform 24, n.º 37 (20 de agosto de 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199337073.

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7

Pokrovskaya, Elena. "Fire-protection of wooden structures by modification in a thin surface layer". MATEC Web of Conferences 251 (2018): 02028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201825102028.

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The mechanism of fire protection of wood by the modification of a thin surface layer with organophosphorus compounds has been studied. The properties of the modified thin surface layer were studied by X-ray spectral analysis, IR spectroscopy and differential thermal analysis. Promising wood modifiers have been identified and the conditions for effective fire protection of wooden structures with organophosphorus compounds in a thin surface layer have been determined.
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8

Suye, Shin-ichiro, Keiji Tsuchiya, Hirokazu Makishima, Ashok Mulchandani, Kouichi Kuroda, Yasufumi Enami y Mitsuyoshi Ueda. "Single cell analysis for organophosphorus compounds sensing using organophosphorus hydrolase and EGFP displayed arming yeast". Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering 108 (noviembre de 2009): S148—S149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiosc.2009.08.398.

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9

Paukku, Y. y G. Hill. "Quantum topological molecular descriptors in QSAR analysis of organophosphorus compounds". International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 112, n.º 5 (16 de mayo de 2011): 1343–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qua.22995.

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10

Hu, Jiaxin, Cheng Qian, Yinchenxi Zhang, Yonghui Tian y Yixiang Duan. "Sol–gel fabrication and performance evaluation of graphene-based hydrophobic solid-phase microextraction fibers for multi-residue analysis of pesticides in water samples". Analytical Methods 12, n.º 31 (2020): 3954–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ay01153c.

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11

Prodanchuk, MH, GM Balan, OP Kravchuk, PG Zhminko, IM Maksymchuk y NP Chermnykh. "To substantiation of the list of hazardous highly toxic chemicals that are subject to special control regarding handling, storage, use and disposal. Part 1 (ricin, thallium compounds and organophosphorus compounds)". Ukrainian Journal of Modern Toxicological Aspects 90, n.º 1 (20 de mayo de 2021): 5–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.33273/2663-4570-2021-90-1-5-21.

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ABSTRACT. The Aim of the Research. Based on an analytical review of literature data, to identify a group of highly toxic chemicals which over the past decades are most often used in deliberate criminal and suicidal incidents, sabotage and terrorist act; the traffic, storage, use and disposal of which must be especially carefully monitored by law enforcement agencies. Materials and Methods. An analytical review of scientific publications was carried out using the abstract databases of scientific libraries Pub Med, Medline and text databases of scientific publishing houses Elsevier, Pub Med, Central, BMJ group as well as other VIP databases. Methods of systemic, comparative, and content analysis were used. Results and Conclusions. The scientific publications on hazardous highly toxic chemicals, which over the past quarter century are most often used in the world, notably in deliberate criminal and suicidal incidents, sabotage, and terrorist acts, are being analysed. It was found that these chemicals mainly include ricin, thallium compounds, organophosphorus compounds, as well as chemical warfare agents, arsenic and its compounds, cyanides, and inorganic water-soluble mercury compounds (mercury bichloride, sodium merthiolate), as well as paraquat and diquat pesticides. Based on the analysis of their toxicity, clinical and morphological expression of intoxication with various routes of entry into the body, the need to include them in the List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, whose traffic, storage, use, and disposal require stricter control of law enforcement agencies, is justified. The first part of this article presents ricin, thallium compounds, organophosphorus compounds, and chemical warfare agents. Key Words: hazardous highly toxic chemicals, ricin, thallium compounds, organophosphorus compounds.
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12

Norrrahim, Mohd Nor Faiz, Noor Aisyah Ahmad Shah, Siti Hasnawati Jamal, Wan MD Zin Wan Yunus, Victor Feizal Knight Victor Ernest y Noor Azilah Mohd Kasim. "Nanocellulose-Based Filters as Novel Barrier Systems for Chemical Warfare Agents". Solid State Phenomena 317 (mayo de 2021): 180–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.317.180.

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Current world events have made several countries as a target for terrorism. Chemical weapon such as nuclear weapon is commonly referred as a weapon of mass destruction. Organophosphorus (OP) compounds have long been used as pesticides and developed into warfare nerve agents such as tabun, soman, sarin, and VX. They are highly toxic and considered to be the most dangerous chemical weapons. Development on the protection material against OP compounds has gained interest among researcher. Nanocellulose has shown a great potential for high-performance filtration material due to its interesting characteristics such as high adsorption capacity, large surface area, high strength, renewable, chemical inertness, and versatile surface chemistry. Therefore, the evaluation of the chemical interaction between nanocellulose and organophosphorus is important. The analyses of fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis), and elemental analysis were carried out in this study. It was found that the nanocellulose is capable to adsorb OP compound by forming the hydrogen bonding. The adsorption rate was increased as the nanocellulose concentration increased. This is the initial step to discover the potential of nanocellulose to be used in military protection mask.
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13

Salmeia, Khalifah A., Antonia Neels, Dambarudhar Parida, Sandro Lehner, Daniel Rentsch y Sabyasachi Gaan. "Insight into the Synthesis and Characterization of Organophosphorus-Based Bridged Triazine Compounds". Molecules 24, n.º 14 (23 de julio de 2019): 2672. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24142672.

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In this article, we report the synthesis of 2,4,6-substituted s-triazine-based organophosphorus compounds via a two-step process, which enables their production in high yields, and with a high purity as solids. In the first step, a Michaelis–Arbuzov rearrangement of cyanuric chloride with triethyl phosphite afforded 2,4,6-trisdiethoxyphosphinyl-1,3,5-triazine (HEPT). Subsequently, the nucleophilic substitution reaction on the triazine carbon was achieved, owing to the electron-withdrawing ability of the phosphonate groups. This characteristic of HEPT facilitated its derivatization with bi-functional amines, producing novel P–C containing bridged triazine organophosphorus compounds. The molecular structures of all of the compounds were confirmed by NMR spectroscopy, CHN elemental analysis, and single crystal X-ray analysis. In the thermogravimetric analysis in an N2 environment, >33% char formation was observed for the bridged compounds. The chemical composition analysis of the char obtained under the oxidative thermal decomposition of the bridged compounds confirmed the presence of phosphorus- and nitrogen-enriched species, which indicate their function in the condensed phase. Comparatively, the detection of HPO and H–C≡P in the gas phase during the pyrolysis of the bridged compounds can act as a source for PO•, which is known for its gas phase flame inhibition reactions. The synergy of significant char formation and the generation of intermediates leading to PO• during pyrolysis makes these molecules promising flame-retardant additives.
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14

Gray, P. J. y R. G. Duggleby. "Analysis of kinetic data for irreversible enzyme inhibition". Biochemical Journal 257, n.º 2 (15 de enero de 1989): 419–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2570419.

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Many organophosphorus compounds are irreversible inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase. The methods used in the literature to determine the inhibition kinetic constants usually involve either manual determination of the slope at various points along the inhibition progress curve or fitting polynomials to the curve. The present study investigates the use of non-linear-regression analysis to determine the various parameters. A method is suggested that yields accurate values for the inhibition constants under a range of circumstances.
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15

Bierwisch, Anne, Timo Wille, Horst Thiermann y Franz Worek. "Kinetic analysis of interactions of amodiaquine with human cholinesterases and organophosphorus compounds". Toxicology Letters 246 (marzo de 2016): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.02.004.

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16

Woo, Yin‐tak, David Y. Lai, Mary F. Argus y Joseph C. Arcos. "Carcinogenicity of organophosphorus pesticides/compounds: An analysis of their structure‐activity relationships1". Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part C 14, n.º 1 (junio de 1996): 1–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10590509609373479.

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17

Xu, Lu, Hua-Yun Wang y Qiang Su. "Correlation analysis in structure and chromatographic data of organophosphorus compounds by GAI". Computers & Chemistry 16, n.º 3 (julio de 1992): 195–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0097-8485(92)80002-h.

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18

Grigoryev, S. G., G. G. Zagorodnikov, V. A. Sanzharevsky y P. P. Sivashchenko. "Features of primary morbidity of military personnel who serve in conditions of occupational hazards". Bulletin of the Russian Military Medical Academy 20, n.º 1 (15 de marzo de 2018): 185–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/brmma12304.

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The comparative analysis of primary morbidity of officers involved in work with occupational hazards of chemical or radiation nature in 2007-2014 has been performed. It was established that the group of officers involved in work with organophosphorus compounds has significantly higher rate of respiratory system diseases and lower rate of primary morbidity of the circulatory system diseases than the officers involved in work with ionized radiation sources. It was demonstrated that the main contribution to the primary morbidity was made by the following classes: diseases of respiratory system, diseases of musculoskeletal system and connective tissue, diseases of digestive system and diseases of circulatory system. The primary morbidity for leading categories of diseases among military personnel who worked with organophosphorus compounds in two regimes (immediate activities to destroy organophosphorus compounds and support for this process (guard, medical and fire services) did not depend on the nature of work. The rate of respiratory system diseases was relatively higher among all Russian Federation Armed forces servicemen and among those who worked with highly toxic substances (mainly due to acute infections of the upper respiratory tract). For the other classes considered the primary morbidity was higher in the risk groups. Evaluation of the role of specific nosological forms showed that in a group of servicemen working with organophosphorus compounds the rates of acute infections of the upper respiratory tract of multiple and unspecified localization, other nasal and nasal sinuses diseases, dorsalgia predominated but was inferior to the incidence of chronic ischemic heart disease. In this connection it is necessary to elaborate and conduct the preventive measures against above mentioned categories of diseases and main nosological forms of these categories.
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19

Piña, Benjamin, Tamar Ziv, Melissa Faria, Shani Ben-Lulu, Eva Prats, Mark A. Arick II, Cristian Gómez-Canela, Natàlia García-Reyero, Arie Admon y Demetrio Raldúa. "Multiomic Analysis of Zebrafish Models of Acute Organophosphorus Poisoning With Different Severity". Toxicological Sciences 171, n.º 1 (19 de junio de 2019): 211–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfz133.

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Abstract Organophosphorus compounds are acetylcholinesterase inhibitors used as pesticides and chemical warfare nerve agents. Acute organophosphorus poisoning (acute OPP) affects 3 million people, with 300 000 deaths annually worldwide. Severe acute OPP effects include overstimulation of cholinergic neurons, seizures, status epilepticus, and finally, brain damage. In a previous study, we developed 3 different chemical models of acute OPP in zebrafish larvae. To elucidate the complex pathophysiological pathways related to acute OPP, we used integrative omics (proteomic, transcriptomics, and metabolomics) on these 3 animal models. Our results show that these stochastic, apparently disparate morphological phenotypes can result from almost linear concentration-response variations in molecular levels. Results from the multiomics analysis strongly suggest that endoplasmic reticulum stress might play a central role in the pathophysiology of severe acute OPP, emphasizing the urgent need of further research on this molecular pathway. Endoplasmic reticulum stress could be an important therapeutic target to be included in the treatment of patients with severe acute OPP.
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20

Worek, Franz, Horst Thiermann, Ladislaus Szinicz y Peter Eyer. "Kinetic analysis of interactions between human acetylcholinesterase, structurally different organophosphorus compounds and oximes". Biochemical Pharmacology 68, n.º 11 (diciembre de 2004): 2237–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bcp.2004.07.038.

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21

Wu, Langping, Barbora Chládková, Oliver J. Lechtenfeld, Shujuan Lian, Janine Schindelka, Hartmut Herrmann y Hans H. Richnow. "Characterizing chemical transformation of organophosphorus compounds by 13C and 2H stable isotope analysis". Science of The Total Environment 615 (febrero de 2018): 20–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.233.

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22

Holstege, Dirk M., David L. Scharberg, Elizabeth R. Richardson y Gregory Möller. "Multiresidue Screen for Organophosphorus Insecticides Using Gel Permeation Chromatography—Silica Gel Cleanup". Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 74, n.º 2 (1 de marzo de 1991): 394–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/74.2.394.

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Abstract A multiresidue screen for quantitative determination of 43 organophosphorus insecticides In 5 g of plant and animal tissues Is described. The organophosphorus insecticides are extracted with methanol-dichloromethane (10 + 90, v/v) and cleaned up using automated gel permeation chromatography with hexane-ethyl acetate (60 + 40) eluant and in-line silica gel minicolumns. Concentrated extracts are analyzed by gas chromatography with flame photometric detection. The method recovers 43 organophosphorus insecticides in the range of 72 to 115%. Analysis of fortified bovine liver (n = 5) shows an average 95.9 ± 4.8% recovery at the 0.05 μg/g level and 93 ± 3.8% at the 0.5 μg/g level. Analysis of fortified bovine rumen content (n = 5) shows an average 98 ± 4.2% recovery at the 0.1 μg/g level and 98.7 ± 2.8% at the 1 μg/g level. Method detection limits ranged from 0.01 to 0.05 μg/g for the compounds studied using a nominal 5 gram sample.
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23

Lyagin, Ilya y Elena Efremenko. "Enzymes, Reacting with Organophosphorus Compounds as Detoxifiers: Diversity and Functions". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, n.º 4 (10 de febrero de 2021): 1761. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22041761.

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Organophosphorus compounds (OPCs) are able to interact with various biological targets in living organisms, including enzymes. The binding of OPCs to enzymes does not always lead to negative consequences for the body itself, since there are a lot of natural biocatalysts that can catalyze the chemical transformations of the OPCs via hydrolysis or oxidation/reduction and thereby provide their detoxification. Some of these enzymes, their structural differences and identity, mechanisms, and specificity of catalytic action are discussed in this work, including results of computational modeling. Phylogenetic analysis of these diverse enzymes was specially realized for this review to emphasize a great area for future development(s) and applications.
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24

Raj, Joe Gerald Jesu. "Metal-organophosphine complexes: structure, bonding, and applications". Reviews in Inorganic Chemistry 35, n.º 1 (1 de marzo de 2015): 25–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/revic-2014-0006.

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AbstractMetal-organophosphine complexes are very important candidates in homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis. Many of the organophosphorus derivatives find applications in nanoscale material synthesis as important precursors. Phosphine complexes containing a variety of substituents exhibit tunable optical properties, which can be successfully applied in conjugation with nanoscale materials in solar-cell applications, photovoltaics, and the development of novel nanomaterials. In view of the emerging importance and potential applications of organophosphorus compounds, this review details the fundamental structural, synthetic, and spectroscopic characterization of organophosphines and their corresponding metal complexes. A special emphasis has been given to 31P{1H} and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic analysis.
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25

Meng, Zhaoyang y Yuanjun Ma. "An Expert System Knowledge Base for the Analysis of Infrared Spectra of Organophosphorus Compounds". Microchemical Journal 53, n.º 3 (abril de 1996): 371–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/mchj.1996.0053.

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26

Krivdin, Leonid. "RELATIVISTIC CALCULATIONS OF MAGNETORESONSONIC PARAMETERS IN STRUCTURAL STUDIES OF ELEMENTENTORGANIC COMPOUNDS". Modern Technologies and Scientific and Technological Progress 2018, n.º 1 (23 de marzo de 2020): 17–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.36629/2686-9896-2020-2018-1-17-18.

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Systematic structural studies were carried out in a wide range of nitrogen, silicon, phosphorus, selenium, and organophosphorus compounds by quantum-chemical calculations of a high level of isotropic absolute magnetic-shielding constants (chemical shifts) and spin-spin interaction constants involving 1H, 13C, 15N, 19F, 29Si, 31P, 77Se and 125Te in comparison with the experiment. The analysis of the factors determining the accuracy of the quantum chemical calculation of the discussed magnetoresonance parameters including the level of the theory and the quality of the basis set, the influence of the medium, vibrational corrections, and relativistic effects are analyzed.
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27

Kolodiazhna, Anastasy O. y Oleg I. Kolodiazhnyi. "Asymmetric Electrophilic Reactions in Phosphorus Chemistry". Symmetry 12, n.º 1 (6 de enero de 2020): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12010108.

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This review is devoted to the theoretic and synthetic aspects of asymmetric electrophilic substitution reactions at the stereogenic phosphorus center. The stereochemistry and mechanisms of electrophilic reactions are discussed—the substitution, addition and addition-elimination of many important reactions. The reactions of bimolecular electrophilic substitution SE2(P) proceed stereospecifically with the retention of absolute configuration at the phosphorus center, in contrast to the reactions of bimolecular nucleophilic substitution SN2(P), proceeding with inversion of absolute configuration. This conclusion was made based on stereochemical analysis of a wide range of trivalent phosphorus reactions with typical electrophiles and investigation of examples of a sizeable number of diverse compounds. The combination of stereospecific electrophilic reactions and stereoselective nucleophilic reactions is useful and promising for the further development of organophosphorus chemistry. The study of phosphoryl group transfer reactions is important for biological and molecular chemistry, as well as in studying mechanisms of chemical processes involving organophosphorus compounds. New versions of asymmetric electrophilic reactions applicable for the synthesis of enantiopure P-chiral secondary and tertiary phosphines are discussed.
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28

Maxwell, Donald M. y Karen M. Brecht. "Quantitative structure-activity analysis of acetylcholinesterase inhibition by oxono and thiono analogs of organophosphorus compounds". Chemical Research in Toxicology 5, n.º 1 (enero de 1992): 66–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/tx00025a011.

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29

Mazein, P., C. Zimmermann, D. Rebière, C. Déjous, J. Pistré y R. Planade. "Dynamic analysis of Love waves sensors responses: application to organophosphorus compounds in dry and wet air". Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 95, n.º 1-3 (octubre de 2003): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0925-4005(03)00403-9.

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30

Saeidian, Hamid y Mansour Sarabadani. "Fragmentation mechanisms in mass spectrometry of organophosphorus compounds: implications for analysis in chemical weapons convention framework". Journal of the Iranian Chemical Society 12, n.º 6 (3 de diciembre de 2014): 1037–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13738-014-0563-y.

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31

Choi, Jeong-Woo, Junhong Min y Won-Hong Lee. "Signal analysis of fiber-optic biosensor for the detection of organophosphorus compounds in the contaminated water". Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering 14, n.º 2 (marzo de 1997): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02706068.

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32

Makhaeva, G. F., E. V. Rudakova y R. J. Richardson. "Investigation of the Esterase Status as a Complex Biomarker of Exposure to Organophosphorus Compounds". Biomedical Chemistry: Research and Methods 1, n.º 3 (2018): e00028. http://dx.doi.org/10.18097/bmcrm00028.

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Development of biomarkers of human exposures to organophosphorus compounds OPCs and their quantification is a vital component of a system of prediction and early diagnostics of OPC-induced diseases. Our study was focused on investigation of esterase status as a complex biomarker of exposure to OPCs and an aid in accurate diagnosis. We suggest that this complex biomarker should be more effective and informative than standard assays of plasma butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase (RBC AChE), and lymphocyte neuropathy target esterase (NTE). It will help: 1) to assess an exposure as such and to confirm the nonexposure of individuals suspected to have been exposed; 2) to determine if the exposure was to agents expected to produce acute and/or delayed neurotoxicity; 3) to perform dosimetry of the exposure, which provides valuable information for medical treatment. To confirm this hypothesis, we have examined the changes in activity of blood AChE, NTE, BChE and carboxylesterase (CaE) 1 h after i.p. administration of increasing doses of three OPCs with different esterase profiles: the known neuropathic compound O,O-dipropyl-O-dichlorovinyl phosphate (C3H 7O)2P(O)OCH=CCl2 (diPr-DClVP) as the control compound and two model dialkylphosphates (C2H5O)2P(O)OCH(CF3)2 (diEt-PFP) and (C4H9O)2P(O)OCH(CF3)2 (diBu-PFP). The esterases assay was performed in hemolysed blood by spectrophotometric (AChE, BChE, CaE) and biosensor (NTE) methods. Analysis of the obtained dose-dependences for blood esterases inhibition showed that blood BChE and CaE were the most sensitive biomarkers, allowing detection of low doses. Inhibition of blood NTE and AChE can be used to assess the likelihood that an exposure to OPC would produce cholinergic and/or delayed neuropathic effects.
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33

Fedchenko, O. V. y P. G. Zhminko. "Biomarkers of exposure and effect of organophosphorus compounds (literature review and results of own studies)". Ukrainian Journal of Modern Toxicological Aspects 84, n.º 4 (1 de marzo de 2019): 19–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.33273/2663-4570-2018-84-4-19-35.

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Objective: analysis and summary of the literature data and own studies on the possibility of using biomarkers of exposure and effect of organophosphorus compounds (OPCs), determination of immunological biomarkers of the effect under exposure to OPCs that cause delayed neurotoxicity (DN). Materials and Methods. Analytical methods were used in the work: collection of scientific information on the topic, analysis of data and scientific summary of the results. Re-assessment of the effect of OPCs causing DN was performed from the perspective of determination of the most informative immunological biomarkers of the effect of known neurotoxicants. Analysis of the study results of the effect of neurotoxic OPCs, triorthocresyl phosphate (TOCP), Afos on the immune system was performed using the most sensitive model — chicken breed Leghorn in isotoxic doses (500 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg, respectively) using common immunotoxicology methods. Results and Conclusions. The article analyses and concludes current literary data on the justified use of biomarkers of exposure and effect of OPCs that are widespread in the environmental objects and are one of the reasons of acute and chronic poisoning in the population. We’ve reviewed aspects of the necessity for implementation of scientifically justified approach to the development and assessment of biomarkers and creation of the unified diagnostic complex that includes biomarkers of exposure, specific and non-specific action, with wider diagnostic abilities compared with determination of isolated parameters that is the basis for diagnostics, efficient treatment and prediction of consequences of poisoning with OPCs. Based on the results of own studies, we proposed the use of some parameters as the immunological biomarkers of the effect of OPCs with DN: the level of finely dispersed circulating immune complexes in the blood serum and the level of anti-brain antibodies, the number and functional activity of blood neutrophils; the number of T-and B-lymphocytes and their functional activity; the number of NK-cells, T-helper cells, and T-suppressors.
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34

Rybalchenko I.V., Krylov V. I. "Synthesis of O-tyrosine Phosphorylated Adducts of Methylphosphonic and Phosphoric Acid Derivatives as Reference Compounds for the Analysis of Biomedical Samples". Journal of NBC Protection Corps 3, n.º 2 (2019): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.35825/2587-5728-2019-3-2-103-110.

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Organophosphorus chemical agents are included in the 1st List of the Annex on Chemicals of the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction (Chemical Weapons Convention, CWC). For the purposes of verification of compliance with the provisions of the CWC, special methods, which are considered the most informative at determining the retrospective effects of organophosphorus toxicants on the body, are necessary. Typical long-lived biomarkers of organophosphate toxic agents are tyrosine phosphorylation products, the presence of which in biomedical samples clearly indicates the exposure to sarin, soman, tabun and V-series agents. We have elaborated methods for the synthesis and isolation of tyrosine adducts derivatives of methylphosphonic and phosphoric acids, used as reference samples. The synthesis scheme included the consecutive protection of carboxyl and amino groups of tyrosine, its O-phosphorylation by the corresponding alkylphosphonates and phosphates, the removal of protective groups with the release of corresponding O-phosphorylated tyrosine adducts. Their purification from im purities was carried out, using column chromatography (SiO2, eluent: dichloromethane/ethyl acetate 1:1). The purity of the obtained products was more than 90 %, so it was possible to involve them in further transformations with the use of catalyst without the threat of its «poisoning». Benzyl and carboxybenzyl protection of phosphorylated L-tyrosines (12–17) was removed by means of catalytic hydrogenation by molecular hydrogen under atmospheric pressure. Target adducts of phosphorylated reagents and L-tyrosin were obtained (63–82 %) in form of crystal white substances, readily soluble in water and ethanol, and poorly – in dichloromethane and acetonitrile
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35

Petkowski, Janusz, William Bains y Sara Seager. "Natural Products Containing ‘Rare’ Organophosphorus Functional Groups". Molecules 24, n.º 5 (28 de febrero de 2019): 866. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24050866.

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Phosphorous-containing molecules are essential constituents of all living cells. While the phosphate functional group is very common in small molecule natural products, nucleic acids, and as chemical modification in protein and peptides, phosphorous can form P–N (phosphoramidate), P–S (phosphorothioate), and P–C (e.g., phosphonate and phosphinate) linkages. While rare, these moieties play critical roles in many processes and in all forms of life. In this review we thoroughly categorize P–N, P–S, and P–C natural organophosphorus compounds. Information on biological source, biological activity, and biosynthesis is included, if known. This review also summarizes the role of phosphorylation on unusual amino acids in proteins (N- and S-phosphorylation) and reviews the natural phosphorothioate (P–S) and phosphoramidate (P–N) modifications of DNA and nucleotides with an emphasis on their role in the metabolism of the cell. We challenge the commonly held notion that nonphosphate organophosphorus functional groups are an oddity of biochemistry, with no central role in the metabolism of the cell. We postulate that the extent of utilization of some phosphorus groups by life, especially those containing P–N bonds, is likely severely underestimated and has been largely overlooked, mainly due to the technological limitations in their detection and analysis.
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36

Aurbek, N., H. Thiermann, L. Szinicz, P. Eyer y F. Worek. "Analysis of inhibition, reactivation and aging kinetics of highly toxic organophosphorus compounds with human and pig acetylcholinesterase". Toxicology 224, n.º 1-2 (julio de 2006): 91–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tox.2006.04.030.

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37

Wille, Timo, Fredrik Ekström, Jong-Cheol Lee, Yuan-Ping Pang, Horst Thiermann y Franz Worek. "Kinetic analysis of interactions between alkylene-linked bis-pyridiniumaldoximes and human acetylcholinesterases inhibited by various organophosphorus compounds". Biochemical Pharmacology 80, n.º 6 (septiembre de 2010): 941–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bcp.2010.05.022.

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38

Sigolaeva, Larisa, Galina Makhaeva, Elena Rudakova, Natalia Boltneva, Marya Porus, Galina Dubacheva, Arkadi Eremenko, Ilya Kurochkin y Rudy J. Richardson. "Biosensor analysis of blood esterases for organophosphorus compounds exposure assessment: Approaches to simultaneous determination of several esterases". Chemico-Biological Interactions 187, n.º 1-3 (septiembre de 2010): 312–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbi.2010.01.028.

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39

Moate, Thomas F., Matthew Furia, Cynthia Curl, Juan F. Muniz, Jianbo Yu y Richard A. Fenske. "Size Exclusion Chromatographic Cleanup for GC/MS Determination of Organophosphorus Pesticide Residues in Household and Vehicle Dust". Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 85, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2002): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/85.1.36.

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Abstract Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) was used as a cleanup method for the analysis of organophosphorus pesticides in household and vehicle dusts. The pesticides investigated were diazinon, methyl parathion, chlorpyrifos, malathion, phosmet, and azinphosmethyl. These compounds are of interest due to their use in agricultural tree fruit production and/or urban pest control. Pesticides were determined via gas chromatography/mass spectrometry with selected-ion monitoring and cool on-column injection. The lower limit of method validation was 0.20 μg/g. Method limits of detection in dust ranged from 0.012–0.055 μg/g. Dust samples were collected with vacuums from the homes and vehicles of people living and working in a rural agricultural region in the central part of Washington State. The analytes were extracted from the dust by sonication in acetone. The extracts were solvent-exchanged to cyclohexane, frozen, thawed, and centrifuged prior to SEC injection. Following SEC, the eluent was split into 2 fractions, concentrated, and injected on-column into the gas chromatograph. This method represents the first complete publication describing the SEC cleanup of organophosphorus pesticides in dusts. Recoveries of pesticides in dusts ranged from 63.5–110.8 ± 4.9–19.6% over a fortification range of 0.20–10.00 μg/g. This optimized, automated, and reproducible SEC method does not require further treatment or cleanup for trace determination of these organophosphorus pesticides.
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40

Bruyako, Mihail Gerasimovich, Larisa Grigorieva y Evgeniya Viktorovna Sokoreva. "Influence of Reactive Organic Flame Retardants on Properties of Resol Phenoplast Foams". Advanced Materials Research 1025-1026 (septiembre de 2014): 451–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1025-1026.451.

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Found that Organophosphorus Compounds Reduce the Flammability of Resol Phenoplast Foams. Quality Improves Thermal Insulation Materials, the Use of such Phenolicfoam. Analysis of Using the Heat-Insulating Materialsindicates that Heat Insulation Made with Filling Phenol Foam Plastics Havinglow Heat-Conductivity and Relatively Low Cost of Raw Materials is Superior Bytheir Technical and Economic Performance to Mineral and other Polymericheat-Insulating Materials. Meanwhile, Relatively Low Strength and Smolderingpropensity of Resole Foam Phenol Plastics, as well as Excessive Fumes Duringthe Production Process of Heat-Insulating Materials on their Base, Containwider Usage of Phenol Foam Plastics in Building.
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41

Li, Shengsong, Yongchao Zheng, Weiqiang Chen, Meiling Zheng, He Zheng, Zhe Zhang, Yan Cui, Jinyi Zhong y Chonglin Zhao. "Chromo-Fluorogenic Detection of Soman and Its Simulant by Thiourea-Based Rhodamine Probe". Molecules 24, n.º 5 (26 de febrero de 2019): 827. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24050827.

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Here, we introduced a novel thiourea-based rhodamine compound as a chromo-fluorogenic indicator of nerve agent Soman and its simulant diethyl chlorophosphate (DCP). The synthesized probe N-(rhodamine B)-lactam-2-(4-cyanophenyl) thiourea (RB-CT), which has a rhodamine core linked by a cyanophenyl thiosemicarbazide group, enabled a rapidly and highly sensitive response to DCP with clear fluorescence and color changes. The detection limit was as low as 2 × 10−6 M. The sensing mechanism showed that opening of the spirolactam ring following the phosphorylation of thiosemicarbazides group formed a seven-membered heterocycle adduct, according to MS analysis and TD-DFT calculations. RB-CT exhibited high detecting selectivity for DCP, among other organophosphorus compounds. Moreover, two test kits were employed and successfully used to detect real nerve agent Soman in liquid and gas phase.
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42

Verweij, A., M. A. Van liempt-Van Houten y H. L. Boter. "Isolation, Concentration and Subsequent Analysis by Capillary Gas Chromatography of Trace Amounts of Organophosphorus Compounds from Aqueous Samples". International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry 21, n.º 1-2 (agosto de 1985): 63–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03067318508078371.

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43

van der Veken, B. J., T. S. Little, Y. S. Li, M. E. Harris y J. R. Durig. "Spectra and structure of organophosphorus compounds—XXVIII. Vibrational and conformational analysis of dimethylmethoxyphosphine and some isotopically substituted derivatives". Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular Spectroscopy 42, n.º 2-3 (enero de 1986): 123–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0584-8539(86)80171-4.

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44

Gorichny, V. A., D. Yu Serdukov, A. V. Yazenok, A. V. Nosov, G. G. Zagorodnikov, D. Yu Lazarenko y S. L. Vetoshkin. "RISK FACTORS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF INITIAL MANIFESTATIONS OF ATHEROGENIC CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES IN PERSONNEL OF CHEMICALLY HAZARDOUS FACILITIES". Toxicological Review, n.º 4 (28 de agosto de 2017): 2–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.36946/0869-7922-2017-4-2-7.

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An outpatient examination of 530 employees engaged in work with chemical weapons related to organophosphorus compounds at chemically hazardous facilities was carried out. Risk factors for the development of cardiovascular diseases of atherogenic etiology among personnel of the facilities were studied in relation to the type of work performed using statistical analysis methods. When assessing the lipidogram, a high incidence of atherogenic dyslipidemia in a group of personnel involved in the storage of chemical weapons was found out in comparison with a group of people engaged in the destruction and control of chemical weapons (73.1 vs 61.2 vs 59.6%, p
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45

Eckert, Saskia, Peter Eyer, Harald Mückter y Franz Worek. "Kinetic analysis of the protection afforded by reversible inhibitors against irreversible inhibition of acetylcholinesterase by highly toxic organophosphorus compounds". Biochemical Pharmacology 72, n.º 3 (julio de 2006): 344–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bcp.2006.04.015.

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46

Gamón, Miguel, Concha Lleó, Amparo Ten y Francisco Mocholí. "Multiresidue Determination of Pesticides in Fruit and Vegetables by Gas Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry". Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 84, n.º 4 (1 de julio de 2001): 1209–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/84.4.1209.

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Abstract Pesticide residues in fruit and vegetables were determined by gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (GC/MS/MS). Electron impact (EI)/MS/MS and chemical ionization (CI)/MS/MS were developed for 80 compounds, including organochlorine, organophosphorus, organonitrogen, and pyrethroids, providing unambiguous spectral confirmation for these complex matrixes. Residues were extracted from samples with acetone followed by a mixture of dichloromethane–petroleum ether. Two injections per sample were required for analysis of the entire pesticide list by EI/MS/MS and CI/MS/MS.Initial steps involving cleanup and concentration of extracts were eliminated. The excellent selectivity and good linearity allowed quantification and identification of low levels of pesticides in the most difficult matrixes. The method has been used for routine analysis of many vegetables.
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47

Mondal, Jahangir, Amit Kumar Manna y Goutam Kumar Patra. "Halide bridged organophosphorus complexes of HgX2 (X: I, Br and Cl): Synthesis, structure and theoretical studies". European Journal of Chemistry 12, n.º 1 (31 de marzo de 2021): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5155/eurjchem.12.1.23-31.2039.

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Three organophosphorus mercury (II) coordination compounds [Hg2(µ-X)2X2(PPh3)2] {X: I (1), Br (2), and Cl (3)} have been synthesized by the reaction of mercury (II) halides with triphenylphosphine. The prepared complexes were characterized by spectroscopic techniques as well as by elemental analysis. The crystal structure of [Hg2(µ-I)2I2(PPh3)2] (1) was obtained by single-crystal X-ray diffraction study. Crystal data for [Hg2(µ-I)2I2(PPh3)2], C36H30Hg2I4P2: Monoclinic, space group P21/c (no. 14), a = 19.2115(13) Å, b = 11.1291(8) Å, c = 19.0599(14) Å, β = 90.461(2)°, V = 4075.0(5) Å3, Z = 4, T = 293.15 K, μ (MoKα) = 10.657 mm-1, Dcalc = 2.336 g/cm3, 46095 reflections measured (4.23° ≤ 2Θ ≤ 49.994°), 7182 unique (Rint = 0.0563, Rsigma = 0.0365) which were used in all calculations. The final R1 was 0.0322 (I > 2σ(I)) and wR2 was 0.0780 (all data). The single crystal analysis of [Hg2(µ-I)2I2(PPh3)2] complex revealed that it has dimeric structure with bridged halides. [Hg2(µ-I)2I2(PPh3)2] complex has also a supramolecular arrangement through I···H-C interactions. The crystal packing and supramolecular features of these coordination compounds have also been studied using geometrical analysis, Hirshfeld surface analysis and DFT studies. Hirshfeld surface analysis indicated that H···H (49.3%), C···H (10.6%), and I···H (12.8%) interactions are the primary contributors to the intermolecular stabilization in the crystal. The equilibrium geometries of the studied complexes are investigated theoretically at the B3LYP/LANL2DZ level of theory. The calculated energy gap between HOMO-LUMO orbitals for complexes 1, 2, and 3 are in the trend of complex 3 > 2 > 1.
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48

Wylie, Philip y Katsura Uchiyama. "Improved Gas Chromatographic Analysisof Organophosphorus Pesticides with Pulsed Splitless Injectiony". Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 79, n.º 2 (1 de marzo de 1996): 571–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/79.2.571.

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Abstract Gas chromatographic (GC) analysis of 6 organo-phosphorus pesticides (methamidophos, acephate, omethoate, diazinon, dimethoate, and chlorpyrifos) was performed with cool on-column, splitless, and pulsed splitless injections and with nitrogen–phos phorus or mass-selective detection. The pulsed splitless technique uses a high column flow rate during injection to sweep the sample out of the inlet rapidly, reducing analyte loss due to adsorption or thermal decomposition. After injection, the column flow rate is automatically reduced to normal values for chromatographic analysis. Pesticide recoveries for splitless and pulsed splitless injections were determined by comparison of GC peak areas with those obtained with cool on-column injection. With conventional splitless injection at a column flow rate of 5 mL/min, recoveries of acephate, omethoate, and methamidophos were only 57, 63, and 71 %, respectively. Pulsed splitless methods with very fast injection flow rates dramatically improved recoveries, with all 6 pesticides falling in the 97–102% range. Because column flow rates are much less for GC with mass spectral detection (GC/MS), recoveries with splitless injection were lower and improvements with pulsed splitless injection were less dramatic for GC/MS. When splitless injection was used, recoveries of the 6 pesticides spiked into a green bean matrix were better than those of pesticides dissolved in pure solvent, presumably because matrix compounds compete with pesticides for active sites in the inlet. By using pulsed splitless injection of solvent standards with very fast initial column flow rates, systematic analyte losses in the inlet were eliminated, making recoveries of pesticides from solvent and green bean matrix very similar.
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49

Zykova, A. "Synthesis and Structure of Aryl Phosphorus Compounds". Bulletin of the South Ural State University series "Chemistry" 12, n.º 4 (2020): 5–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.14529/chem200401.

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Based on an analysis of the literature published from the late 20th century to the beginning of the 21st century, methods for the synthesis of some complex tetraorganylphosphonium salts are systematized and described, along with the features of the chemical transformations of pentaphenylphosphorus, which was first obtained in 1953. The tetraorganylphosphonium salts were known much earlier, however, the features of the synthesis of transition metal complexes, which are usually obtained from tetraorganylphosphorus halides and metal halides, have not been sufficiently studied. The present review is devoted to the discussion of these topics, since the famous Wittig Reaction is associated with aryl phosphorus compounds, which allows synthesizing alkenes of a given structure, and derivatives of transition metals rightfully occupy a special place among catalysts of various chemical processes. The continuation of these classical studies in the field of chemistry of organoelemental compounds takes place at one of the leading universities in Russia - South Ural State University in the laboratory of chemistry of organoelemental compounds at the Faculty of Chemistry. This article aims at familiarizing the reader with the achievements of Professor V.V. Sharutin and his students in the field of organophosphorus compounds. The main attention is paid to the reactions of pentaphenylphosphorus and its derivatives, as well as methods for the synthesis of ionic complexes of silver, gold, copper, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, ruthenium, osmium, cobalt, rhodium, iridium, palladium and platinum with tetraorganylphosphonium cations. The structural features of the described compounds and the possibility of using transition metal complexes in some catalytic reactions are described.
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50

Vera, José, Virgínia Cruz Fernandes, Luísa Correia-Sá, Catarina Mansilha, Cristina Delerue-Matos y Valentina F. Domingues. "Occurrence of Selected Known or Suspected Endocrine-Disrupting Pesticides in Portuguese Surface Waters Using SPME-GC-IT/MS". Separations 8, n.º 6 (7 de junio de 2021): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/separations8060081.

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A multiresidue analytical methodology based on a solid-phase microextraction (SPME), followed by gas chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry (GC–IT/MS), has been developed for trace analysis of 20 known or suspected endocrine-disrupting pesticides. The SPME conditions are optimized considering several key parameters to obtain the maximum sensitivity. After the optimization, the method validation is performed, and the limits of detection (ranged from 2–150 ng/L) and the coefficient of determination (above 0.990) of studied compounds are determined for all the analytes. A robust sampling of twenty sampling points of surface water samples from the north and center of Portugal is performed, and the validated methodology is applied. In total, 20 compounds from four chemical families (13 organochlorine, 1 organophosphorus, 2 dicarboximide, and 4 pyrethroids) are studied, and the pesticides most frequently detected are eight organochlorine pesticides (α-, β-HCHs, lindane, HCB, o,p′-DDT, p,p′-DDE, p,p′-DDD, α-endosulfan), cypermethrin, and vinclozolin.
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