Tesis sobre el tema "Organocatalyse – Synthèse (chimie)"
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Feuillastre, Sophie. "Métathèse et chimie radicalaire : application à la synthèse de molécules d'intérêt biologique". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10162.
Texto completoCarbon-carbon bond formation constitutes a crucial research field in organic chemistry. Among all existing methods, olefin metathesis and radical reactions are particularly attractive ones but were rarely used in a concomitant way. That was the starting point of this PhD work, whose aim was to apply these two reactions to the synthesis of molecules having a potential biological interest. The first topic which was taken up was the use of cross- or enyne metathesis combined with a radical or an Heck cyclization for the synthesis of very valuable compounds : sultams and their spirocyclic derivatives. The second subject allowed the synthesis of α,β-unsaturated lactones bearing an alkyl group at the α position by using for the first time, in a one-pot and sequential manner, photochemistry and ringclosing metathesis. The third study led to cyclopentanol derivatives bearing three contiguous stereocentres by associating organocatalysis and radical cyclization induced by the use of samarium diiodide. Last but not least, a synthetic approach to nhatrangin A, natural compound holding six stereocentres, and total synthesis of (+)-guaymasol were carried out
Declercq, Richard. "Dérivés ambiphiles : synthèse et réactivité dephosphine-borane, réactivité d'un complexe possédant un ligand phosphine-alane". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30228/document.
Texto completoAmbiphilic derivatives, which possess a Lewis acid (B or Al) and a Lewis base (P), are known for activating small molecules, stabilizing highly reactive species, but also to be used as metal-free catalyst. Because of their different coordination modes, they show different behaviour as ligand for transition metals. This thesis addresses two aspects of ambiphilic derivatives. The first one is about the interaction with small molecules and the organocatalysis, and the second one the coordination and the reactivity of metallic complexes with ambiphilic ligands. The first chapter deals with the synthesis and the reactivity of phosphine-borane which possess an ortho-phenylene backbone. In the first part, compounds with different kind of Lewis base and acid have been synthesized. In a second part, catalytic properties of these derivatives have been evaluated for the reduction of carbon dioxide in presence of borane. These ambiphilic derivatives have revealed themselves as effective organocatalyst for this reaction. In a third part, a mechanistic study have been realised. During this study, a reaction intermediate has been isolated and characterized. This species, which possess a molecule of formaldehyde bridging between the atoms of phosphorus and boron, revealed itself more effective in catalysis that the previous catalyst. Indeed, no induction period has been observed during the reduction of carbon dioxide with this compound. The second chapter relates the reactivity of a Pt complex which possess a phosphine-alane (PAl) type ambiphilic ligand. This complex involving a Pt-->Al interaction, has already shown an interesting reactivity toward dihydrogene. In this chapter, his reactity toward other kind of substrate has been studied. In a first part, the capacity of the PAl-Pt complex to activate a polar N-H bond has been evaluated. A complex coming from the oxidative addition of PhC(O)NH2 over the platinum has been isolated and fully characterized. In a second part, the PAl-Pt complex has been set to react with CE2 (E = O or S) type small molecules, and different coordination modes have been highlighted both in solution and in solid state. In particular a n1 CO2 coordinated complex has been isolated. During this work, the cooperativity of action metal/Lewis acid has been emphases
Giry, Clément. "Vers la synthèse verte d'un nouvel organocatalyseur tensioactif biosourcé : détermination de ses propriétés physico-chimiques". Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019INPT0081.
Texto completoThe development of green chemistry around its twelve principles has changed the way chemists work. The use of water as solvent is evident as it is not toxic, cheap and widely available. However, it is not easy to carry out catalysed organic reactions in water. Indeed, most metalbased catalysts oxidize and become inactive in its presence. Organocatalysis has therefore aroused great interest because of the low toxicity of the employed catalysts as well as their resistance to water and oxidation. In this context, the imidazolidinones developed by D. MacMillan are organocatalysts that can be easily prepared and they can performed, through iminium ion activation, asymmetric catalysis by controlling the stereoselectivity of the reaction. Moreover, to achieve a maximum of organic reactions in water, the use of surfactants is essential. They allow the solubilisation of organic reactions in water through the formation of micelles in the core of which the reaction will occur. In order to use only one molecule, work have been done to graft to an organocatalyst to a long carbon chain, giving it surfactant properties. In this context, our study aims to synthesize a new surfactant organocatalyst on which is grafted an imidazolidinone at the end of the hydrophobic chain. The biosourced synthons of this molecule as well as the reaction conditions were chosen so as to respect as much as possible the principles of green chemistry. As the two first synthetic routes did not lead to the desired molecule, the starting synthons were changed, finally allowing the target molecule to be obtained in 10 steps. More than half of the steps have then been reviewed to improve their green aspect. The main improvement of these steps, and one of this thesis’ innovations, was to reduce the use of compounds toxic for Human and/or environment via, in particular, the replacement of some solvents classified carcinogenic, mutagenic, reprotoxic (CMR) with a new one: 4-methyltetrahydropyran. For each step, the green metrics were calculated to justify if it was an improvement. Finally, once the targeted molecule obtained, its solubility in water was studied. Its surfactant character was then characterized in order to verify its activity on the surface tension at the water-air interface. The determination of the size of the aggregates formed in water as well as the molecular modeling completed the state of knowledge of the type of self-organized structures realized by this new molecule
Abdou-Mohamed, Amel. "Développement de nouveaux outils en synthèse organique dédiés à la catalyse organique et/ou métallique". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020AIXM0560.
Texto completoDeveloping sustainable approaches is one of the most important challenge chemists have to face nowadays. Catalysis is one of the fundamental pillars of green chemistry and developing alternative to transition metals would ensure both environmental protection and economic benefit. In that matter, studying the p-bloc elements should meet the scientific community expectations. In that perspective, news boron-based catalysts have been designed and synthesized. The first part of this project focused on the creation of a library of mono-functionalized NHC-boranes with a stereogenic boron atom, formed thanks to a diastereoselective sequence. This part was supplemented by a detailed mechanistic study to rationalize the highly diastereoselective ratio observed in the last step of the synthesis. Secondly, these new chiral NHC-borane platforms was used as precursors of borocations (borenium type) and their use as cationic catalysts in metal-free enantioselective transformations. Finally, their reactivity as frustrated Lewis pair in catalytic reductions (like hydrosilylation or hydrogenation) of unsaturated compound was also explored. At the same time and by taking advantage of the designed platforms, we focused our attention on the formation of diborene compounds, which are species isoelectronic to alkenes. The idea was to use these molecules as chiral-olefin type ligands in metallic complexes and use them in enantioselective catalysis. The formation of new NHC-diborene was undertaken via NHC-borane reduction from various reductive agents, followed by the optimization of the conditions set to isolate and characterized the desired product
Quinonero, Ophélie. "Synthèse organocatalysée énantiosélective de 4-arylpyridines atropoisomères par conversion de chiralité centrale à axiale : application vers la synthèse totale de la streptonigrine". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4350.
Texto completoThis work focused on the development of central-to-axial chirality conversion methodology for the synthesis of 4-arylpyridine atropisomers, and its application in total synthesis. In the first place, synthetic methodology was optimised for the synthesis of enantioenriched and hindered 1,4-dihydropyridines. At this point, the challenge was to find the right compromise between selectivity and reactivity to get enantioenriched dihydropyridines with sufficient bulkiness around the C4 position, for formation of stable 4-arylpyridine atropisomers after conversion of the chiral center (C4) to a chiral axis. A detailed screen was performed to find the optimal oxidation conditions leading to moderate to full chirality conversion. Based on this strategy, the total synthesis of (+)-streptonigrin, a natural product containing a 4-arylpyridine framework, was planned following two main pathways using organocatalytic transformations as key steps
Buttard, Floris. "3-Vinyl-1,2,4-triazines comme plateformes bifonctionnelles pour la synthèse de nouvelles structures tétrahydro-[1,6]-naphthyridines". Thesis, Orléans, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ORLE2032.
Texto completoThe development of new methods for the synthesis of original heterocyclic molecules represents a current concern in organic chemistry, aiming to furnish medicinal chemistry and chemical biology with new chemical tools and contribute to the exploration of chemical space.In this context, the work which was carried out during this PhD thesis focused on the elaboration of new approaches for the synthesis of tetrahydro-[1,6]-naphthyridine scaffolds. The original use of 3-vinyl-1,2,4-triazines as bifunctional synthetic platforms, able to react both as Michael acceptor and as aza-diene in inverse-electron-demand Diels-Alder cycloadditions, is the keystone our methodology is based upon. The development of domino reactions – allowing quick and efficient synthesis of targeted compounds – remaineda perpetual concern evolving along side our preoccupation to access enantioselective transformations relying on organocatalysis.The synthesis of new 3-vinyl-1,2,4-triazines platforms and the elaboration of domino conjugate addition/cycloadditions and orgonocatalyzed one-pot synthesis strategies enabled to synthetize a wide panelof new diversly substituted tetrahydro-[1,6]-naphthyridines compounds
Pinto, Nathalie. "Organocatalyse énantiosélective par les phosphines chirales : synthèse d'hétérocycles azotés et de cycles carbonés par cyclisation [3+2]". Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA112253.
Texto completoLn the last decade, the use of trivalent phosphines as nucleophilic organocatalysts has been widely developed, allowing a number of synthetically useful, original transformations to be disclosed. However, only a few enantioselective phosphine promoted reactions have been reported so far. Ln this context, we have been interested in the development of new enantioselective [3+2] cyclisation reactions catalysed by chiral phosphines. The two phosphines which were screened during this study are the (S)-tBu-Binepine and the (S,S)-FerroPHANE. (S)-tBu-Binepine proved to be a good catalyst for the enantioselective [3+2] cyclisations between allenoates and imines bearing a diphenylphosphinoyl unit (DPP) as the nitrogen protecting group. The corresponding pyrrolines were obtained with enantiomeric excesses between 73 and 88%. (S,S)-FerroPHANE was successfully used in the cyclizations between allenes and enones, allowing the highly enantioselective synthesis of a wide variety of functionalized cyclopentenes, including spirocyclic derivatives (e. E. >80%). The same methodology was applied to the synthesis of spirooxindoles by using both Binepine and FerroPHANE as chiral catalysts. Finally, we have carried out the highly diastereo- and enantioselective desymetrisations of prochiral dibenzylidene cyclohexanones by means of organocatalytic [3+2] cyclisations. These studies have demonstrated the high efficiency of chiral phosphines for the enantioselective construction of comple molecular scaffolds, starting from simple and easily available starting material
Gobé, Valérian. "Cyclisations métallo-catalysées pour la synthèse de composés indoliques polycycliques". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS057/document.
Texto completoThe indole ring is one of the most prominent heterocycle in natural products or bioactive compounds. The access to complex structures featuring several cycles, stereogenic centers, is one of the main challenge en route to the discovery of new potentially bioactive structures. During this PhD work, we developed metallo-catalyzed cyclizations of tetrahydro-β-carbolines presenting an unsaturated function to access to complex chiral, polycyclic compounds. The asymmetric organocatalyzed Pictet-Spengler reaction was used as a key step for the control of the asymmetry, starting from N-allyl tryptamines and allenaldehydes. The corresponding tetrahydro-β-carbolines were obtained in excellent yields and enantiomeric excesses.Several cyclization reactions were developed using these substrates, catalyzed by Pd(0) or Au(I) complexes, furnishing the targeted chiral tetracyclic derivatives. The mechanisms of these reactions, the regio-, chem- and diastereoselectivity of these reactions was studied. The large numbers of compounds that have been obtained via these routes present a large structural diversity that will hopefully lead to important findings in the field of bioactivity determination
Jarrige, Lucie. "Nouvelles méthodes de synthèse et de fonctionnalisation d'hétérocycles par catalyse photorédox et organocatalyse". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS215.
Texto completoHeterocycles are one of the most important classes of chemical compounds. These structural scaffolds are the key elements of a wide range of natural products with biological or therapeutic activities. As a result, a great deal of research carried out in chemistry is devoted to development of new heterocycle synthesis methods. With a desire to further reduce the environmental footprint of our research, our laboratory aims to develop new methodologies for effective synthesis, more green and environmentally friendly. Thus, my thesis works lie on two themes widely studied in our laboratory that are photoredox catalysis and organocatalysis. In the first part, the use of photoredox catalysis as an efficient tool for the synthesis and functionalization of heterocycles is detailed. Original heterocyclic units have thus been prepared in good yields and under mild reaction conditions. The second part is devoted to the synthesis of enantioenriched nitrogen-containing heterocycles through organocatalyzed enantioselective inverse electron-demand aza-Diels-Alder reactions. Indeed, the increasing demand of optically pure compounds by the chemical and pharmaceutical industry explains the strong craze for the development of asymmetric synthesis methods. Thus, the developed processes provide new access routes to complex chiral heterocyclic structures with excellent results in terms of efficiency as well as stereoselectivity
Roux, Christèle. "Aux frontières du transfert d'acyle par organocatalyse nucléophile énantiosélective". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4378.
Texto completoAlongside metallocatalysis and biocatalysis, organocatalysis has emerged as a complementary and powerful tool that can circumvent limitations associated to the use of metals or enzymes. Because of the growing interest for new innovative methodologies useful for complex molecules synthesis, we get interested in the preparation of versatile building blocks present in many bioactive molecules: tetrahydropyrans (THP) and polypropionates. Based on the diastereoselective formation of primary meso diols, our strategy involves an original organocatalyzed desymmetrization of these compounds by asymmetric acyl transfer. This approach allows the enantioselective synthesis of pentasubstituted THP which were valorized through the synthesis of polypropionates bearing four consecutive stereogenic centers. In addition, this new methodology provides cyclic and acyclic scaffolds with several all carbon quaternary stereogenic centers. It represents the first example in organocatalyzed asymmetric desymmetrization by acyl transfer using a chiral dialkylaminopyridine. Although asymmetric organocatalyzed acyl transfer has been widely studied since the late 90s, several investigations are currently underway to access to new chiral nucleophilic catalysts. Following the recent work of Steglich and Vedejs, we were interested in the development of new chiral organocatalysts derived from 1,6-naphthyridine. Their applications in nucleophilic catalysis have then been evaluated in kinetic resolutions of alcohols and in asymmetric Steglich rearrangements
Roux, Christèle. "Aux frontières du transfert d'acyle par organocatalyse nucléophile énantiosélective". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4378.
Texto completoAlongside metallocatalysis and biocatalysis, organocatalysis has emerged as a complementary and powerful tool that can circumvent limitations associated to the use of metals or enzymes. Because of the growing interest for new innovative methodologies useful for complex molecules synthesis, we get interested in the preparation of versatile building blocks present in many bioactive molecules: tetrahydropyrans (THP) and polypropionates. Based on the diastereoselective formation of primary meso diols, our strategy involves an original organocatalyzed desymmetrization of these compounds by asymmetric acyl transfer. This approach allows the enantioselective synthesis of pentasubstituted THP which were valorized through the synthesis of polypropionates bearing four consecutive stereogenic centers. In addition, this new methodology provides cyclic and acyclic scaffolds with several all carbon quaternary stereogenic centers. It represents the first example in organocatalyzed asymmetric desymmetrization by acyl transfer using a chiral dialkylaminopyridine. Although asymmetric organocatalyzed acyl transfer has been widely studied since the late 90s, several investigations are currently underway to access to new chiral nucleophilic catalysts. Following the recent work of Steglich and Vedejs, we were interested in the development of new chiral organocatalysts derived from 1,6-naphthyridine. Their applications in nucleophilic catalysis have then been evaluated in kinetic resolutions of alcohols and in asymmetric Steglich rearrangements
Adhami, Wissal. "Synthèse verte de polymères dans un système en flux". Thesis, Lille 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL1R037.
Texto completoGreen chemistry is an attractive field which has evolved over the past twenty years and aims to develop products that do not harm the environment using eco-responsible syntheses. This work focuses on the green synthesis of polyesters which are considered as important synthetic polymers due to their biocompatibility and biodegradability. Polyesters are obtained by two main routes: polymerization by polycondensation of diacids with diols which is the most widely used route, and polymerization by ring opening of lactones, lactides or cyclic carbonate (Ring Opening Polymerization, ROP). Polycondensation requires harsh reaction conditions to promote the condensation reaction by removing a water molecule between the acid and alcohol functional groups in order to achieve high conversions. Recently, flow synthesis techniques have allowed better control of organic synthesis and polymerization reactions. We have studied the enzymatic ring-opening polymerization (e-ROP) of lactones using Novozym® 435 lipase as a catalyst immobilized on porous flow beads to develop controlled polymerization that respects the principles of green chemistry. The porous beads were introduced into a tubular reactor made of fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) with an internal diameter = 1.55 mm. We were able to polymerize ε-caprolactone (ε-CL) with a 100 % conversion rate (conv) and a dispersity (Đ) of 1.3 and δ-valerolactone (δ-VL) (conv = 93%, Đ = 1.27 respectively). Copolymers have also been synthesized. We have also studied the catalysis of ring-opening polymerization by phosphazenes which are organic superbases. The basicity of phosphazene governs the reaction: the highest basicity lead to the highest yield in spite of poorer dispersity. The best yields were obtained using P4-t-Bu (pK = 41.9) as catalyst for polymerizing ε-CL and δ-VL at room temperature, with values of 96% and 93% respectively. When P2-t-Bu (pK = 33.5) was used, a lower conversion of 45% was obtained but with a very good dispersity Đ = 1.08. We also worked on polycondensation using new organic catalysts with hydrophobic parts in their structures allowing the elimination of water or alcohol co-products which limit the course of the reaction. Thus we have studied the polycondensation between diols and diacids or diesters catalyzed by diphenylammonium triflate (DPAT) or pentafluorophenylammonium triflate (PFPAT) in batch. We obtained oligomers by polyesterification between succinic acid and butanediol using DPAT or PFPAT as catalysts with conversions of 76% and 67% respectively. Finally, we investigated photo-induced atomic transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) in a flow system using Eosin Y, an inexpensive organic compound that absorbs in the green (530 nm) to catalyze the polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) which can be synthesized with a 91% conversion rate and a dispersity Đ of 1.42. The lively appearance of these polymers has been demonstrated by the success of subsequent copolymerizations. In conclusion, we have shown that flow chemistry allows polymer synthesis with better control of polymerization compared to flask synthesis. This better control makes it possible to obtain polymers with high yield, low dispersity and a molar mass close to the theoretical value
Eijsberg, Hendrik. "Photochemistry of cyclopentenones : Beyond [2+2] photocycloaddition reactions". Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA112075/document.
Texto completoThe aim of this project was to explore the scope and limitations of a tandem photochemical process, consisting of a [2+2] cycloaddition between cyclopentenones and alkenes followed by a Norrish I/γ-hydrogen transfer reaction if the initial bicyclic adduct is formed. Using standard synthetic procedures, a small library of cyclopentenone substrates was prepared. The development of new methods to access substituted cyclopentenones, using organocatalyzed aldolisation conditions, was considered; however, these efforts were unfruitful.The photochemical studies showed that a selection of cyclopentenones and alkenes could react together to furnish cyclobutene aldehydes with average to good yields. The reaction conditions were optimized for the formation of this specific compound type, and some of the limitations as regards substrate diversity were determined. In some cases, control of the regioselectivity of the Norrish-I process was problematic.In course of the study, it was discovered that some of these cyclobutene aldehydes could themselves react photochemically, via an intramolecular Paternò–Büchi reaction, to form hitherto unknown tricyclic oxetanes. This constitutes a one-pot triple photochemical reaction sequence between the starting cyclopenenones and alkenes. Conditions were optimized for this transformation and several examples prepared. The tricyclic core structure was studied in detail, in both solution and the solid state, revealing that the formation had been highly diastereoselective in some examples. Some limitations, arising from steric hindrance and/or use of electron rich alkenes, constituted a limitation of the scope of the process
Questo progetto ѐ nato con l’obiettivo di sviluppare un processo tandem fotochimico, costituito da una cicloaddizione [2+2] tra olefine e substrati ciclopentenonici, seguita da una reazione di Norrish-I / trasferimento di γ-idrogeno sul prodotto biciclico ottenuto. Usando procedure standard, ѐ stata preparata una libreria di substrati ciclopentenonici da testare in questo processo. Lo studio di nuove metodologie organocatalitiche per la sintesi di tali substrati ѐ stato inoltre intrapreso, sfortunatamente senza buoni risultati.Lo studio di questo processo ha mostrato come una serie di ciclopentenoni sia effettivamente in grado di reagire con doppi legami olefinici, portando alla formazione di derivati aldeidici ciclobutenici, con discrete o buone rese. Le condizioni di reazione sono state ottimizzate per la formazione di questa classe di composti, e alcune limitazioni relative alla struttura del substrato sono emerse da questi studi. In alcuni casi, infatti, il controllo della regioselettività della reazione di Norrish-I si ѐ rivelato problematico.Durante tale studio, ѐ apparso che alcune delle aldeidi ciclobuteniche ottenute si sono rivelate in grado di reagire ulteriormente in condizioni fotochimiche, attraverso una reazione di Paternò–Büchi intramolecolare, portando alla formazione di ossetani triciclici finora sconosciuti. Ciò costituisce in ultima analisi un triplo processo fotochimico one-pot a partire da ciclopentenoni e alcheni. Anche le condizioni di reazione per questa sequenza sono state ottimizzate e alcuni esempi sono stati preparati e isolati. La struttura triciclica di questi nuovi composti e stata caratterizzata nel dettaglio, sia in soluzione che allo stato solido, rivelando un’elevata diastereoselettività in diversi casi. La presenza di gruppi stericamente ingombranti, o l’uso di olefine elettronricche, si sono dimostrati tuttavia una limitazione alla sintesi di queste interessanti strutture
Cortes-Clerget, Margery. "Synthèse de nouveaux catalyseurs bifonctionnels peptidiques incluant un motif acide phosphonique pour la création de liaisons C-C énantiosélective". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCD058/document.
Texto completoA novel bifunctional organocatalyst library combining both aminocatalysis and phosphonic acid activation on a peptide structure was developed. Some structural variations allowed the optimization of the catalytic site. The potential of these catalysts was evaluated on the stereoselective Michael addition of aldehydes with several aromatic nitroalkenes. In optimized conditions, very good selectivities (up to 95:5 d.r. and 93:7 e.r) were achieved. Due to their high water-solubility, the catalysts were easily recyclable and reused over several cycles without any significant loss of selectivities. Mechanistic investigations were carried out to understand the exact mode of action of the catalysts. Both enamine formation and acid activation were essential for the reaction to occur. The peptide structure allows an intramolecular and stereoselective reaction
Perez, Fabien. "Design, synthèse et activité organocatalytique de spiropyrazolidinones pour l'activation iminium et réactions d'échanges H/D organocatalytiques". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4383.
Texto completoSince the begining of 2000, the field of organocatalysis has performed a lot of improvements. An overview of the different modes of activation of this field will constitute the first chapter. Despite the improvements in the domain of activation by covalent bond, specially for the iminium activation, some enhancements of the catalytic activity of organocatalysts are still possible. A major part of the work developped in the second chapter will be focused on the design then the synthesis of a new class of organocatalysts for iminium activation and their catalytic activity tests. Then the third chapter will be dedicated to the H/D exchange reactions organocatalyzed by N-heterocyclic carbenes
Glinsky-Olivier, Nicolas. "Nouvelles stratégies pour la synthèse d'hétérocycles chiraux par catalyse à l’Au(I)". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS564.
Texto completoTetrahydro-β-carbolines are moieties commonly found in many natural products. Most of them being chiral compounds, it is of high importance to be able to control the stereochemistry of the chiral center of the tetrahydro-β-carbolines. Enantioselective gold catalysis has been developping for a few years. In this PhD work, we report the development of an enantioselective Pictet-Spengler reaction using chiral Au(I) complexes. We were able to synthesize more than 40 enantioenriched tetrahydro-β-carbolines with enantiomeric excesses up to 95 %. It is surprising that a Au(I) complex is able to catalyse such a reaction. It hence process via an original mechanism including an auration step of the indole. In order to solve the mechanism of this reaction, we performed both experimental and computational studies. We then extented this new Au(I) reactivity to other Pictet-Spengler like reactions using analogs of tryptamines. At last, we have developed the synthesis of new indoloquinuclidines scaffolds. Those molecules were synthesized in an enantioselective manner using the combination of organocatalysis with chiral phosphoric acids and gold catalysis
Gelis, Coralie. "Développement de réactions énantiosélectives organocatalysées pour la synthèse de molécules cycliques énantioenrichies". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS430.
Texto completoThe development of new enantioselective methodologies is essential for the synthesis of bioactive compounds. In this context, we were interested in using organocatalysts for the synthesis of enantioenriched cyclic molecules. In a first part will be describe chiral phosphoric acid catalyzed (3+2), (4+2) and (4+3) formal cycloadditions using enecarbamate or dienecarbamate. These catalysts are bifunctional and can interact with both cycloaddition partners leading to the synthesis of 2,3-dihydrobenzofuranes, carboannulated benzoquinones, cyclohepta[b]indoles and tetrahydroquinolines with high stereocontrol. In a second phase, we were interested in using chiral hypervalent iodine as organocatalyst. Theses compounds present interesting reactivity while being stable and not very toxic. Their use permits us to develop a lactonisation starting from flexible substrate and led to the synthesis of various heterocycles with good results
Saidah, Milane. "Synthèse énantiosélective de gamma-lactames possédant un centre tétrasubstitué". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023AIXM0034.
Texto completoIn view of the emergence of organocatalysts compounds as powerful tools for asymmetric catalysis, the development of processes involving chiral ion pairs has proven successful. Notably, Asymmetric Counterion-Directed Catalysis (ACDC) is well-known to be an efficient strategy for enantioselective reactions involving cationic species and enantiomerically pure counteranions. More specifically, cyclic N-acyliminium ions are key intermediates in the preparation of enantioenriched gamma-lactams. Based on the concept of ACDC, this work has focused on the construction of tetrasubstituted carbon centers via an organocatalyzed alpha-amidoalkylation reaction by chiral phosphoric acids from gamma-hydroxylactams
Pair, Etienne. "De l'acide de Meldrum aux hétérocycles chiraux azotés d'intérêt biologiqie potentiel : synthèse domino organocatalysée de pyrazolidinones, pyrimidinones et isoxazolidinones". Thesis, Rouen, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAM0009/document.
Texto completoIn the course of this thesis, we focused our efforts on developing the use of Meldrum's acid as a platform for the organocatalyzed synthesis of chiral heterocycles. In the end, we managed to access various pyrazolidinone, pyrimidinone and isoxazolidinone moieties in a diastero- and/or enantioselective fashion. We found these reactions to proceed via a navel domino Knoevenagel/aza Michael/Cyclocondensation reaction. The stereocontrol issue was particularly studied, as our final compounds can be found as part of biologically relevant structures. We also put much effort in probing reaction mechanisms. In the latter, we worked in collaboration with the "Analyse et Modélisation" team of laboratoire COBRA to get insights on the [3+2] annulation reaction between Meldrum's and nitrones, using mass spectrometry
Nechab, Malek. "Synthèse et mise en oeuvre de nouveaux catalyseurs d'oxydation énantiosélectifs non métalliques". Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00107090.
Texto completoPour mettre en œuvre l'oxydation énantiosélective de substrats organiques, une synthèse modulable d'organocatalyseurs à symétrie C2, analogues du NHPI, a été réalisée. Certains de ces organocatalyseurs portant des fonctions carbamates ont montré de bonnes activités catalytiques lors de l'oxydation de nombreux substrats et surtout une très bonne sélectivité dans le dédoublement cinétique d'oxazolidines où des facteurs de stéréosélectivté de l'ordre de 40 ont pu être obtenus. Ces résultats, très intéressants, ouvrent la voie au développement d'une nouvelle méthodologie d'oxydation énantiosélective de substrats organiques.
Perez, Fabien. "Design, synthèse et activité organocatalytique de spiropyrazolidinones pour l'activation iminium et réactions d'échanges H/D organocatalytiques". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4383.
Texto completoSince the begining of 2000, the field of organocatalysis has performed a lot of improvements. An overview of the different modes of activation of this field will constitute the first chapter. Despite the improvements in the domain of activation by covalent bond, specially for the iminium activation, some enhancements of the catalytic activity of organocatalysts are still possible. A major part of the work developped in the second chapter will be focused on the design then the synthesis of a new class of organocatalysts for iminium activation and their catalytic activity tests. Then the third chapter will be dedicated to the H/D exchange reactions organocatalyzed by N-heterocyclic carbenes
Tresse, Cédric. "Synthèse de mimes de mycolactones pour l’étude mécanistique de l’ulcère de Buruli". Thesis, Mulhouse, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MULH9274.
Texto completoThis research project focuses on mycobacterium ulcerans infection (Buruli ulcer disease), a severe skin disease characterized by the formation of progressive necrotic lesions and the lack of an acute inflammatory response. Although neglected, this infection is the third most common mycobacteriosis after Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium leprae, and cases are reported in more than 30 countries worldwide. Mycobacterium ulcerans secretes a complex polyketidic macrolide, called mycolactone A/B, which is directly involved in the biological effects of the disease. Since its discovery, the unusual biology triggered by this toxin has spurred research efforts. In this context, this research project aims at a better understanding of mycolactone A/B molecular interactions by using total synthesis as main tool. To this end, our research team has developed an efficient synthetic pathway allowing the preparation of different mimetics of the toxin. This synthesis has been used to prepare thirteen new mycolactone mimetics during this thesis. Moreover our team has also been interested in the synthesis of fluorinated mycolactone analogs. Such fluorinated mycolactones are of great interest to improve the interactions that occur between the toxin and its biological binding site. Work in this field led to the development of a simple and general method to introduce a trifluoromethyl group onto a terminal alkyne, allowing novel modulation of the structure of the toxin
Lancien, Antoine. "Synthèse d’amines bio-sourcées à l’aide de procédés hybrides combinant des nanoparticules métalliques supportées et des transaminases". Thesis, Université de Lille (2018-2021), 2021. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/ToutIDP/EDSMRE/2021/2021LILUR059.pdf.
Texto completoThe objective of hybrid catalysis is to exploit the advantages of biological and chemical catalysts to access new synthetic routes that cannot be performed independently or to perform transformations that have shown low yields with conventional approaches. 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is a versatile platform (or building block) molecule that can be used in many industrial applications. In particular, the synthesis of biosourced amino polymers represents a promising method for its valorization. To date, very few studies have described the production of these amino derivatives and their polymers. Finding an efficient methodology to directly convert HMF to 5-aminomethyl-2-furancarboxylic acid (AMFC) is therefore a significant challenge. After selecting the best oxidation catalyst for the conversion of HMF to 5-aldehyde-2-furancarboxylic acid and immobilizing a transaminase on a solid support, we were able to implement the first "one-pot two-step" hybrid catalytic process to produce FMCA (77% yield). With 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA, 23% yield) as the sole by-product, this represents the most efficient direct catalytic production method of FMCA from HMF reported to date. In addition, a hybrid "one-pot one-step" process for integrated production of FMCA from HMF was also developed with a maximum yield of 20%, this represents a first breakthrough for this platform molecule, and a first achievement for French hybrid catalysis. Finally, the synthesis of a hybrid multi-catalytic material combining palladium nanoparticles and a transaminase, on an EziGTMOPAL support, was achieved and its application led to a final yield of 10% in FMCA. Finally, this concept was also applied to the conversion of a panel of bio-sourced molecules, with in particular the transformation of myrtenol into its amino equivalent according to a "one-pot two-step" process with a yield higher than 99%
Spielmann, Kim. "Synthèse asymétrique de petits cycles et leur réarrangement via des extensions cycliques". Thesis, Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ENCM0015.
Texto completoThis manuscript deals with the asymmetrical synthesis of small cyclic compounds and their functionalization. In a first part, the enantioselective synthesis of α,β-unsaturated δ-lactones by a catalytic asymmetric vinylogous Mukaiyama reaction was examined. A multidisciplinary study made possible the elucidation of the whole catalytic cycle. Moreover, thanks to a stereospecific hydrogenolysis of these lactones, the total synthesis of two natural products, (R)-ar-Himachalene and (R)-curcumene, could be achieved.In a second part, a palladocatalyzed (3+2) cycloaddition reaction of vinyl aziridines and cyclopropanes was developed. Thus, highly functionalized imidazolidines and pyrrolidines could be isolated with good yields. Depending on the substrate used, different reaction behaviors could be highlighted. These small cycles can be considered as versatile "building blocks" to access more complex molecules
Dumoulin, Audrey. "Synthèse asymétrique de 1,2-diamines et développement de nouveaux organoiodanes chiraux pour des réactions d'oxygénation". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS364.
Texto completoThe 1,2- diamines can be found in many biologically active compounds, which pushed organic chemists to develop new methodologies to synthesize those molecules. In this context, the stereochemistry is essential because the biological activity ensues. Thus, we were interested in developing an enantioselective amination of enamide derivatives catalyzed by chiral phosphoric acids. These catalysts interact with substrates via hydrogen bonds to activate a nucleophile and an electrophile simultaneously. Our strategy proved to be very effective and allowed us to synthesize a wide range of 1,2- diamine. Many compounds of biological interest, including heterocycles used in pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry, were tolerated with this process. In another project, we looked at the design of chiral hypervalent iodine compounds. These compounds have recently gained considerable attention because of their stability to air and moisture, their low toxicity and their interesting reactivity. However, despite considerable development, the use of hypervalent iodine derivatives in catalytic asymmetric reactions deserves to be further studied. In this context, new pre-catalysts were developed in our laboratory and used in enantioselective oxygenation reactions. The special structure of these compounds yielded the best enantiomeric excesses of the literature to date
Hennebelle, Marc. "Synthèses et applications de phosphines confinées dans une cage hémicryptophane". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2020. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/201214_HENNEBELLE_773rad817eoyf329qfjo394lasbqi_TH.pdf.
Texto completoMolecular cages show great interest for their many applications ranging from molecular recognition to supramolecular catalysis. Among this very large family of compounds, hemicryptophanes are molecules exhibiting C3 symmetry and combining a CTV (cyclotriveratrylene) unit linked to another C3 symmetry unit. By using a unit which can complex a metal or by functionalizing the cages with organic groups, it is possible to obtain systems with innovative properties in organocatalysis or metallic catalysis. During this thesis, the work carried out will focus on the synthesis of new hemicryptophanes with an endohedral phosphine unit. These molecular objects can be directly used in confined organocatalysis on the Morita-Baylis-Hillman reaction or will be post-functionalized by complexation of a metal atom (Au (I)) for applications in metal catalysis on the Conia-ene reaction or the cycloisomerization of 1,6-enynes
Rousee, Kevin. "Utilisation d'alcènes fluorés pour la synthèse et la fonctionnalisation de dérivés (hétéro)aromatiques et de composés phosphorés". Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMIR02/document.
Texto completoThe fluoroalkenes are compounds with relevant physico-chemical properties and are used in various fields as polymers, agrochemistry or medicinal chemistry. Mono-fluoroalkenes can be used as an effective peptidic bond mimic because of their electronic and geometric similarity with the amide bond. Nevertheless, this interesting moiety still suffers from difficulty of synthesis which constitute a synthetic challenge. For that purpose, two build-blocks (gem-bromofluoroalkenes and α-fluoroacrylates) were used during this thesis to develop new access to mono-fluoroalkenes.The first one is the gem-bromofluoroalkenes moiety were used for the development of two methodologies. First, a copper-catalysed fluoroalkenylation via C-H bond functionalisation of heteroaryles has been reported. Then, the second methodology is the phosphination of gem-bromofluoroalkenes using phosphines boranes, in the goal to get new kind of phosphines.The second building-blocks used are the α-fluoroacrylates and α-fluoroacrylic acids which have been involved in two complementary reactions. A Heck reaction allowed the synthesis of tri- and tetrasubstitued α-fluoroacrylates, giving a new access to these compounds. α-Fluoroacrylic acids were used in a decarboxylative/deshydrogenative cross-coupling with azoles. Indeed, it is the first example of decarboxylative/deshydrogenative cross-coupling with alkenes
Garzon, Cecile. "Développement de réactions organocatalysées et de métathèse cyclisante pour la synthèse de vinylphosphonates hétérocycliques et carbocycliques à potentialités biologiques". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX30034.
Texto completoFunctionalized vinylphosphonates constitute an important class of building blocks used in organic synthesis and aroused great interest due to their various biological activities. Thus, we developed several synthetic methodologies to reach these compounds. The most general method entails an organocatalyzed substitution reaction using an original substrate, and allows the synthesis of numerous hitherto unknown vinylphosphonates.Then, the synthesis of azaheterocyclic vinylphosphonates was investigated using the ring closing metathesis from appropriate substrates which are obtained through the above methodology.Finally, we have set up the first enantioselective synthesis of UPF 702 (a cyclic vinylphosphonate including the amino acid moiety), known to exhibit agonist activity towards glutamate receptors, and thus potentially active against central nervous system diseases. Two synthetic approaches were devised, based on the organocatalyzed substitution followed by ring closing metathesis. The enantioselectivity was brought by enzymatic resolution or desymmetrisation, whereas the amino acid was prepared via a Curtius rearrangement
Garzon, Cecile. "Développement de réactions organocatalysées et de métathèse cyclisante pour la synthèse de vinylphosphonates hétérocycliques et carbocycliques à potentialités biologiques". Thesis, Aix-Marseille 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX30034.
Texto completoFunctionalized vinylphosphonates constitute an important class of building blocks used in organic synthesis and aroused great interest due to their various biological activities. Thus, we developed several synthetic methodologies to reach these compounds. The most general method entails an organocatalyzed substitution reaction using an original substrate, and allows the synthesis of numerous hitherto unknown vinylphosphonates.Then, the synthesis of azaheterocyclic vinylphosphonates was investigated using the ring closing metathesis from appropriate substrates which are obtained through the above methodology.Finally, we have set up the first enantioselective synthesis of UPF 702 (a cyclic vinylphosphonate including the amino acid moiety), known to exhibit agonist activity towards glutamate receptors, and thus potentially active against central nervous system diseases. Two synthetic approaches were devised, based on the organocatalyzed substitution followed by ring closing metathesis. The enantioselectivity was brought by enzymatic resolution or desymmetrisation, whereas the amino acid was prepared via a Curtius rearrangement
Paul, Jérôme. "Synthèse de composés β2,3-hydroxy- et aminocarboxylés par réactions domino et multicomposants métallo-catalysées". Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1167/document.
Texto completoThe elaboration of metallo-catalyzed multicomponent reactions contributes to the development of a greener chemistry. Indeed, the association of multicomponent reactions with catalysis, through the limitation of the number of reaction steps and the use of toxic reagents, allows to increase the eco-compatibility of a process.The application of these principles has enabled the cobalt-catalyzed synthesis of β2,3-hydroxy- et β2,3-aminocarboxylated derivatives, compounds of increasing interest in medicinal chemistry, starting from halogenated derivatives, Michael acceptors and aldehydes or imines.In a first part, the reaction conditions have been optimized and the scope of the reaction has then been studied to demonstrate its generality. Moreover, stereochemical and mechanistical studies have been realized by the use of chiral auxiliaries or catalysts in the reaction. The valorization of the prepared compounds has also been undertaken in post-condensation reactions in particular for the synthesis of heterocycles. The multicomponents reaction developed during this work has finally been extended to the elaboration of new reactivities, thus contributing to spread the use of cobalt in organic chemistry
Biletskyi, Bohdan. "Développement de nouvelles transformations catalysées au cobalt". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/181207_BILETSKYI_50nlz932ipxkk485izc94s_TH.pdf.
Texto completoThe application of cobalt in organic synthesis and catalysis has been known since the 1970s, especially in Pauson-Khand reaction. Until now, a lot of catalytic systems with cobalt have demonstrated their efficiency in various chemical transformations including [2+2+2] cycloadditions or the activation of C(sp2)-H bonds. In this manuscript are presented the chemical transformations based on the use of cobalt to catalyze atom-economical reactions, and the attempts to develop enantioselective versions. First of all, the activity of cobalt(I) catalysts was established for the cycloisomerisation reaction of dienynes giving bicycles[4.3.0]. The studies of different parameters of the catalytic system, as well as the scope reaction, will be presented. Moreover, the catalysts based on cobalt(II) acetate proved to be very efficient for hydroalkynylation reactions. The hydroalkynylation reaction of vinylaziridines was developed after catalyst optimisation and, the scope reaction according to the nature of reactants was defined. Finally, preliminary studies of enantioselective allylation using cobalt(II) catalysts were performed. These promoters were found to be activators of the carbonyl group, thus compromising the asymmetric version of the reaction
Pousse, Guillaume. "Acides de Brønsted chiraux : Synthèses et applications en organocatalyse asymétrique". Caen, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CAEN2067.
Texto completoOrganocatalysts has recently emerged as an alternative to transition metals for enantioselective catalysis. Since 2004, chiral Brønsted acids appeared as an important contribution to this area of research. In this work, a range of novel phosphoric and phosphorodithioic acids derived from BINOL have been synthesized to modulate the acidity and the steric hindrance of the catalysts. These acids have been used to investigate asymmetric Nazarov, Mannich and aldol reactions. The phosphoric acids appeared as more selective catalysts whilst the phosphorodithioic acids were shown to be more acidic. A syn-enantioselective aldol reaction has been developed using a strongly hindered phosphoric acid. This reaction is the first example of an enantioselective direct aldol reaction using Brønsted acid catalysis. This method affords the asymmetric synthesis of various β-hydroxyketones, some of which could not be synthesized using enamine organocatalysis. This confirms the potential of phosphoric acids as chiral catalysts in enantioselective reactions
Denis, Julien. "Synthèse de nouvelles phosphines hydrosolubles par sulfonation et par clivage réducteur de sels de phosphonium pour l'hydroformylation en milieu biphasique aqueux". Thesis, Artois, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ARTO0407/document.
Texto completoSulfonated arylphosphanes are the most applied water-soluble ligands in aqueous organometalliccatalysis. Sodium sulfonate groups are commonly introduced on an arylphosphane by using sulfuric oleum(SO3/H2SO4) followed by neutralization with aqueous sodium hydroxide. In this context, the first part of thiswork was focused on the synthesis of new bulky sulfonated triarylphosphanes with naphtyl groups. Moreprecisely, sulfonated [(1 or 2-naphtyl)x(phenyl)3-x]phosphane (x = 1, 2, 3) with an average sulfonation degreearound two have been prepared. In the second part, a new and convenient synthesis pathway to disulfonatedR-diphenylphosphanes with R an oleum-sensitive group was developed. This route involves two steps: thefirst step is the alkylation of trisulfonated benzyldiphenylphosphane (BDPPTS) or tetrasulfonated 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphanyl)ethane (DPPETS) with an halide compound (RX) bearing the sensitive group R. Inthe second step, the synthetized trisulfonated phosphonium or tetrasulfonated bis-phosphonium salt aresubsequently cleaved by lithium aluminium hydride (LiAlH4) to give the corresponding disulfonated Rdiphenylphosphanes.The phosphanes obtained by this new methodology are the disulfonated n-octyl-, ndodecyl-,n-hexadecyl-, phenethyl-, and but-3-enyl-diphenylphosphanes. Most of the synthetized phosphanesin this work have then been tested as ligand in the rhodium catalyzed dec-1-ene hydroformylation assisted ornot by cyclodextrins
Biletskyi, Bohdan. "Développement de nouvelles transformations catalysées au cobalt". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0668/document.
Texto completoThe application of cobalt in organic synthesis and catalysis has been known since the 1970s, especially in Pauson-Khand reaction. Until now, a lot of catalytic systems with cobalt have demonstrated their efficiency in various chemical transformations including [2+2+2] cycloadditions or the activation of C(sp2)-H bonds. In this manuscript are presented the chemical transformations based on the use of cobalt to catalyze atom-economical reactions, and the attempts to develop enantioselective versions. First of all, the activity of cobalt(I) catalysts was established for the cycloisomerisation reaction of dienynes giving bicycles[4.3.0]. The studies of different parameters of the catalytic system, as well as the scope reaction, will be presented. Moreover, the catalysts based on cobalt(II) acetate proved to be very efficient for hydroalkynylation reactions. The hydroalkynylation reaction of vinylaziridines was developed after catalyst optimisation and, the scope reaction according to the nature of reactants was defined. Finally, preliminary studies of enantioselective allylation using cobalt(II) catalysts were performed. These promoters were found to be activators of the carbonyl group, thus compromising the asymmetric version of the reaction
Shpak-Kraievskyi, Pavlo. "Nouvelles méthodologies pour la synthèse asymétrique de peptides aldéhydiques β3-C-terminaux et de dérivés d’acides aminés disubstitués via hétérocycloaddition". Thesis, Le Mans, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LEMA1002/document.
Texto completoPeptide aldehydes are known as protease inhibitors and precursors for many biologically active compounds. Methods for their synthesis involve classically the transformation of a precursor (Weinreb amide, ester, alcohol, acetal) into an aldehyde as one of the final steps to prevent epimerization of the carbon α to the aldehyde. By contrast, β-peptide aldehydes, more stable to epimerization, have been relatively unexplored. They are usually obtained by homologation of the corresponding amino acid despite low yielding steps, an epimerization problem and low number of accessible amino acids. Therefore, new synthetic access to β-peptide aldehydes is still a challenging problem. On the basis of previous work in our team concerning [4+2] and [3+2] diastereoselective cycloadditions, we have developed during this PhD thesis new strategies for the asymmetric access of β-amino acid derivatives by two complementary ways :1) Original six-membered heterocycles 6-ATO (6-alkoxy-tetrahydrooxazinone ) were prepared by a highly stereoselective heterocycloaddition reaction with good yields and de. These cycloadducts were transformed via transacetalisation into both «mixed» and «symmetrical» aminoacetals. Moreover, these new acetals are ideal intermediates for further peptide coupling, leading ultimately to monosubstituted β3-C-terminal peptide aldehydes. 2) By another approach five-membered heterocycles 5-AISO (3,3’-disubstituted 5-alkoxy-isoxazolidines) were obtained via 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition between α-keto ester nitrones and vinyl ether. These compounds were successfully used as precursors of disubstituted β-amino aldehydes after transprotection of the nitrogen atom and N-O cleavage of the isoxazolidine ring. Asymmetric extension of the cycloaddition step was studied by enantioselective and diastereoselective pathways, thus opening unprecedented entry to enantioenriched disubstituted β3,β3-C-terminal peptide aldehydes
DA, PIAN MARTA. "Synthesis, Mechanism and Catalytic Applications of Pillar[n]arenes". Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Trieste, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11368/2920043.
Texto completoROSSO, CRISTIAN. "Development of Novel Catalytic Transformations Towards Valuable Organic Intermediates". Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Trieste, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11368/2988355.
Texto completoHocine, Sofiane. "Design et synthèse des composés azabicycliques contraints : de la chimie médicinale à la catalyse". Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/24767.
Texto completoAzacycles such as morpholines and pyrrolidines, are very widespread in chemistry, especially in the fields of organocatalysis and medicinal chemistry. This thesis will deal with constrained analogues of those azacycles, which, depending on their structures, can modulate the properties of certain drugs or the selectivity of certain reactions. The case of haloperidol, which is known for its activity on the dopamine D2 and D4 receptors, is at the center of the first part of this thesis, in which new constrained analogs of the 2-oxa-5-azabicyclo type [2.2.2] octane have been developed to overcome its metabolic stability problems. In a second part, the synthesis of two new bridged morpholine-proline chimeras are reported. Their rigid structures allow the lone pairs on the nitrogen and oxygen atoms to be oriented in spatially different "East-West" and "North-East" directions, respectively. In combination with the presence of a carboxylic acid, the electronic properties of these compounds could be useful in the context of the design of biologically relevant peptidomimetics. Quantitative estimations of the basicity of the nitrogen atoms were obtained using DFT analysis. In the third part of this thesis, the synthesis of new oxabicyclic pyrrolidines is described. Cyclopentan[c]pyrroles are widely encountered and known for their analgesic properties. The Servier laboratories have synthesized derivatives with substituents at positions 4 and 5, exhibiting good activities as 7 nicotinic ligands, but problems of hERG inhibition. In order to obtain less lipophilic compounds and therefore overcome the problems of hERG inhibition, new oxygenated analogs of the furo[2,3-c]pyrrole type have been developed by different synthetic routes. These new compounds were obtained in enantiomerically enriched forms, using enzymatic resolution. Proline has been widely used in recent years as an organocatalyst in asymmetric transformations such as aldolizations or Michael additions The success of this motif, has inspired synthesis of derivatives, such as 4,5-methanoprolines, which were first reported by Hanessian in 1997, and shown to be effective as organocatalysts in the Hajos-Parrish and other reactions. The last parts of this thesis develop further these studies by the synthesis of new 4,5-ethanoprolines which act as a catalysts in the Hajos-Parrish reaction and the asymmetric catalytic addition of nitroalkanes to cyclic enones. A DFT study was carried out to explain the reversal of selectivity observed for the new catalysts in Hajos-Parrish reaction and to investigate formation of a reactive enamine in the mechanism.