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Hosseinnezhad, Mozhgan. "A series of new organic sensitisers for dye-sensitised solar cells". Pigment & Resin Technology 45, n.º 4 (4 de julio de 2016): 234–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/prt-02-2015-0015.
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Purpose Dye-sensitised solar cells (DSSCs) have attracted a great deal of interest. Dye molecules are key materials in DSSCs that produce electrons. This study reports on synthesis of the organic dyes and investigation their performance in DSSCs. Design/methodology/approach A series of new organic dyes were prepared using double rhodanine as the fundamental electron-acceptor group and aldehydes with varying substituents as the electron-donor groups. These dyes were first purified and then characterised by analytical techniques. DSSCs were fabricated to determine the photovoltaic behaviour and conversion efficiency of each individual dye. Findings Results demonstrated that all the dyes form j-type aggregates on the nano TiO2. All dyes in DSSC structure show suitable power conversion efficiency, and Dye 5 due to presence of OCH3 and OiPr presents maximum conversion efficiency. Practical implications In the search for high-efficiency organic dyes for DSSCs, development of new materials offering optimised photochemical stabilities as well as suitable optical and electrical properties is importance. Social implications Organic dyes as photosensitisers are interesting due to low cost, relatively facile dye synthesis and capability of easy molecular tailoring. Originality/value A series of new organic metal-free dyes were prepared as sensitisers for DSSCs for the first time.
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Arooj, Qudsia, Gregory J. Wilson y Feng Wang. "Methodologies in Spectral Tuning of DSSC Chromophores through Rational Design and Chemical-Structure Engineering". Materials 12, n.º 24 (4 de diciembre de 2019): 4024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12244024.
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The investigation of new photosensitizers for Grätzel-type organic dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) remains a topic of interest for researchers of alternative solar cell materials. Over the past 20 years, considerable and increasing research efforts have been devoted to the design and synthesis of new materials, based on “donor, π-conjugated bridge, acceptor” (D–π–A) organic dye photosensitizers. In this paper, the computational chemistry methods are outlined and the design of organic sensitizers (compounds, dyes) is discussed. With reference to recent literature reports, rational molecular design is demonstrated as an effective process to study structure–property relationships. Examples from established organic dye sensitizer structures, such as TA-St-CA, Carbz-PAHTDDT (S9), and metalloporphyrin (PZn-EDOT), are used as reference structures for an examination of this concept applied to generate systematically modified structural derivatives and hence new photosensitizers (i.e., dyes). Using computer-aided rational design (CARD), the in silico design of new chromophores targeted an improvement in spectral properties via the tuning of electronic structures by substitution of molecular fragments, as evaluated by the calculation of absorption profiles. This mini review provides important rational design strategies for engineering new organic light-absorbing compounds towards improved spectral absorption and related optoelectronic properties of chromophores for photovoltaic applications, including the dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC).
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Athithya, Seenidurai, Valparai Surangani Manikandan, Santhana Krishnan Harish, Kuppusamy Silambarasan, Shanmugam Gopalakrishnan, Hiroya Ikeda, Mani Navaneethan y Jayaram Archana. "Plasmon Effect of Ag Nanoparticles on TiO2/rGO Nanostructures for Enhanced Energy Harvesting and Environmental Remediation". Nanomaterials 13, n.º 1 (23 de diciembre de 2022): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13010065.
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We report Ag nanoparticles infused with mesosphere TiO2/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanosheet (TiO2/rGO/Ag) hybrid nanostructures have been successfully fabricated using a series of solution process synthesis routes and an in-situ growth method. The prepared hybrid nanostructure is utilized for the fabrication of photovoltaic cells and the photocatalytic degradation of pollutants. The photovoltaic characteristics of a dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) device with plasmonic hybrid nanostructure (TiO2/rGO/Ag) photoanode achieved a highest short-circuit current density (JSC) of 16.05 mA/cm2, an open circuit voltage (VOC) of 0.74 V and a fill factor (FF) of 62.5%. The fabricated plasmonic DSSC device exhibited a maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 7.27%, which is almost 1.7 times higher than the TiO2-based DSSC (4.10%). For the photocatalytic degradation of pollutants, the prepared TiO2/rGO/Ag photocatalyst exhibited superior photodegradation of methylene blue (MB) dye molecules at around 93% and the mineralization of total organic compounds (TOC) by 80% in aqueous solution after 160 min under continuous irradiation with natural sunlight. Moreover, the enhanced performance of the DSSC device and the MB dye degradation exhibited by the hybrid nanostructures are more associated with their high surface area. Therefore, the proposed plasmonic hybrid nanostructure system is a further development for photovoltaics and environmental remediation applications.
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Kumaran, T. Saravana, A. Prakasam, P. Vennila, S. Parveen Banu y G. Venkatesh. "New Carbazole-Based Organic Dyes with Various Acceptors for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells: Synthesis, Characterization, DSSCs Fabrications and DFT Study". Asian Journal of Chemistry 33, n.º 7 (2021): 1541–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2021.23197.
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The molecular configuration, synthesis and characterization of (E)-3-(6-bromo-9-phenyl-9H-carbazol- 3-yl)acrylic acid (BPA), (E)-3-(6-bromo-9-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)-2-cyanoacrylic acid (BPCA) and (E)-N′-((6-bromo-9-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)methylene)-2-cyanoacetohydrazide (BPCH) configured D-π-A sensitizers and the sensitizers are used in DSSCs. Dye molecules are described by FT-IR, NMR and UV-Vis analysis. The study shows that the non-planar structure of BPA, BPCA and BPCH can effectively slow down the aggregation and conjugation of the dye. Computed vibrational modes are compared with observed bands. The Frontier molecular orbital (FMO) and molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) have also been calculated using DFT-B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) basis set. Physical-chemical parameters have also been analyzed using density functional theory. The most excellent DSSC performance in photovoltaic characterization is demonstrated by the dye molecules.
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TAHIR, MUHAMMAD BILAL, HASNAIN JAVAD, KHALID NADEEM y A. MAJID. "ZnO THIN FILMS: RECENT DEVELOPMENT, FUTURE PERSPECTIVES AND APPLICATIONS FOR DYE SENSITIZED SOLAR CELL". Surface Review and Letters 25, n.º 07 (octubre de 2018): 1930001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x19300016.
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Dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) provide promisingly, organic–inorganic, clean hybrid, cost effective and efficient molecular solar cell devices. Due to their distinct and multifunctional qualities, zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures are promising materials used to create photoanodes for DSSCs due to the availability of larger surface area than bulk sheet substance, effectual light-dispersing centers, and when mixed with titanium dioxide they produce a core–shell formation that diminishes the coalition rate and provide direct charge. Moreover, ZnO thin sheets have been broadly observed due of its potential application in various fields i.e. piezoelectric, photovoltaic, pyroelectric and optoelectronic utilization. This review studies the recent advances in the fabrication of zinc oxide-based photovoltaics; synthesis of ZnO nanostructures with variable morphologies including thin sheets, nanotubes, nanorods, nanoflowers, nanofibers and factors that control the growth and morphologies of these nanospecies and part of crystallographic planes for the fabrication of various zinc oxide nanoshapes. In the next part of this paper, numerous fabrication routes — doped and undoped ZnO thin films — are discussed and different parameters of photovoltaics are investigated, e.g. efficiency pre and post annealing temperatures, fill factors spinning speed and coating time, additives, nature of precursor which impacts on morphological and optical parameters of these sheets. In short, this review is dedicated to the ZnO photoanode, its properties, issues related to ZnO photoanode, various improvement approaches, fabrication methods successfully trialled so far followed by market potential of the DSSC technology, conclusion and recommendations
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Kotteswaran, S., M. Senthil Pandian y P. Ramasamy. "Synthesis, optical, electrochemical and photovoltaic properties of donor modified organic dyes for dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) applications". Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics 29, n.º 8 (2 de febrero de 2018): 6672–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10854-018-8653-8.
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Sarrato, João, Ana Lucia Pinto, Gabriela Malta, Eva G. Röck, João Pina, João Carlos Lima, A. Jorge Parola y Paula S. Branco. "New 3-Ethynylaryl Coumarin-Based Dyes for DSSC Applications: Synthesis, Spectroscopic Properties, and Theoretical Calculations". Molecules 26, n.º 10 (14 de mayo de 2021): 2934. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26102934.
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A set of 3-ethynylaryl coumarin dyes with mono, bithiophenes and the fused variant, thieno [3,2-b] thiophene, as well as an alkylated benzotriazole unit were prepared and tested for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). For comparison purposes, the variation of the substitution pattern at the coumarin unit was analyzed with the natural product 6,7-dihydroxycoumarin (Esculetin) as well as 5,7-dihydroxycomarin in the case of the bithiophene dye. Crucial steps for extension of the conjugated system involved Sonogashira reaction yielding highly fluorescent molecules. Spectroscopic characterization showed that the extension of conjugation via the alkynyl bridge resulted in a strong red-shift of absorption and emission spectra (in solution) of approximately 73–79 nm and 52–89 nm, respectively, relative to 6,7-dimethoxy-4-methylcoumarin (λabs = 341 nm and λem = 410 nm). Theoretical density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that the Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital (LUMO) is mostly centered in the cyanoacrylic anchor unit, corroborating the high intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) character of the electronic transition. Photovoltaic performance evaluation reveals that the thieno [3,2-b] thiophene unit present in dye 8 leads to the best sensitizer of the set, with a conversion efficiency (η = 2.00%), best VOC (367 mV) and second best Jsc (9.28 mA·cm−2), surpassed only by dye 9b (Jsc = 10.19 mA·cm−2). This high photocurrent value can be attributed to increased donor ability of the 5,7-dimethoxy unit when compared to the 6,7 equivalent (9b).
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Hoang, Phong Tran, Sayeeda T. J. Aishee, Glenn Grissom, Ahmed Touhami, H. Justin Moore y M. Jasim Uddin. "Synthesis of low energy sensitive hybrid photovoltaic cells using carbon nanotubes: A 3D application device". MRS Advances 2, n.º 14 (2017): 791–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2017.151.
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ABSTRACTOver the last 30 years organic carbon nanotube-yarn (CNTY) based dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have received considerable interest. CNTY based DSSCs have become a main focus of alternative energy source research. CNTY based PV cells have an advantage over cells based on non-flexible substrates, such as fluorine doped tin oxide glass; as a foundation for dye-sensitized solar cells, CNTYs are superior due to their low-cost, environmental sustainability, high mechanical integrity, and numerous beneficial practical applications. CNTY based DSSCs also have additional advantages because of their low electrical resistance, excellent electrocatalytic activity, and ultra-high mechanical integrity. Additionally, quantum dots and polymers have shown great promise for photovoltalic application due to their tunable bandgap and wide photon absorption range. This research explores the barrier characteristics associated with new absorbing photovoltaic materials that promote electron/hole pair separation and transportation. Utilizing the hybrid bandgap structures of quantum dots and polymers as well as the flexibility of CNTY, we reported a 3D flexible DSSC with an efficiency of 2.9%.
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Kim, Mi-Ra, Thanh Chung Pham, Yeonghwan Choi, Seah Yang, Hyun-Seock Yang, Sung Heum Park, Mijeong Kang y Songyi Lee. "Syntheses and Photovoltaic Properties of New Pyrazine-Based Organic Photosensitizers for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells". Energies 15, n.º 16 (16 de agosto de 2022): 5938. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15165938.
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Three novel pyrazine-based organic photosensitizers denoted as TPP, TPPS, and TPPF were synthesized for dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) studies. Chemical structures of the pyrazine-based photosensitizers were designed with pyrazine derivatives as acceptors, triphenylamine groups as donors, and the thiophene–cyanoacryl group as an auxiliary heterocyclic linkers-acceptor. Using UV-vis spectrophotometry, cyclic voltammetry, and density functional theory calculations, optical and electrochemical characteristics of these pyrazine-based photosensitizers were examined and explored in relation to photovoltaic parameters. The effects of the molecular structures of these photosensitizers on the performances of DSSCs were also investigated. The overall conversion efficiencies of DSSCs based on pyrazine-based photosensitizers were 1.31~2.64% under AM 1.5 irradiation of 100 mW/cm2. To confirm the effect of interfacial charge transfer on photovoltaic performances of DSSC based on pyrazine-based photosensitizers, interfacial charge transfer resistances were investigated by electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements.
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Kim, Ji-Hye, Sung-Yoon Park, Dong-Hyuk Lim, So-Young Lim, Jonghoon Choi y Hyung-Jun Koo. "Eco-Friendly Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Based on Water-Electrolytes and Chlorophyll". Materials 14, n.º 9 (23 de abril de 2021): 2150. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14092150.
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Organic solvents used for electrolytes of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are generally not only toxic and explosive but also prone to leakage due to volatility and low surface tension. The representative dyes of DSSCs are ruthenium-complex molecules, which are expensive and require a complicated synthesis process. In this paper, the eco-friendly DSSCs were presented based on water-based electrolytes and a commercially available organic dye. The effect of aging time after the device fabrication and the electrolyte composition on the photovoltaic performance of the eco-friendly DSSCs were investigated. Plasma treatment of TiO2 was adopted to improve the dye adsorption as well as the wettability of the water-based electrolytes on TiO2. It turned out that the plasma treatment was an effective way of improving the photovoltaic performance of the eco-friendly DSSCs by increasing the efficiency by 3.4 times. For more eco-friendly DSSCs, the organic-synthetic dye was replaced by chlorophyll extracted from spinach. With the plasma treatment, the efficiency of the eco-friendly DSSCs based on water-electrolytes and chlorophyll was comparable to those of the previously reported chlorophyll-based DSSCs with non-aqueous electrolytes.
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Hosseinnezhad, Mozhgan y Hanieh Shaki. "Investigation of photovoltaic properties of dye-sensitized solar cells based on azo dyes contain various anchoring groups". Pigment & Resin Technology 48, n.º 6 (4 de noviembre de 2019): 481–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/prt-04-2019-0033.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study the substituent effect in dye-sensitized solar cells’ (DSSCs) performance. For this end, three new metal organic dyes with DPA structure were synthesized. For investigation of the substituent effect, two different anchoring groups, namely, 1,3-dioxo-1Hbenz[de]isoquinolin-2(3H)-yl)benzenesulfonamides and 1,8-naphthalimide, were used. Design/methodology/approach Three organic dyes based on azo were selected, which contain various electron donor groups. Absorption properties of purified dyes were studied in solution and on photoelectrode (TiO2 and ZnO) substrate. DSSCs were prepared to determine the photovoltaic performance of each photosensitizer. Findings The results showed that all organic dyes form J-aggregation on the photoanode substrate. Cyclic voltammetry results for all organic dyes ensured an energetically permissible and thermodynamically favorable charge transfer throughout the continuous cycle of photo-electric conversion. The results illustrate conversion efficiencies of cells based on solution Dyes 1, 2 and 3 and TiO2 as 3.44, 4.71 and 4.82 per cent, respectively. The conversion efficiencies of cells based on solution Dye 1, 2 and 3 and ZnO are 3.21, 4.09 and 4.14 per cent, respectively. Practical implications In this study, the development of effect of assembling materials, offering improved photovoltaic properties. Social implications Organic dye attracts more and more attention because of its low-cost, facile route synthesis and less-hazardous properties. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the effect of anchoring agent and nanostructure on DSSCs performance was investigated for the first time.
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Hosseinnezhad, Mozhgan y Kamaladin Gharanjig. "Investigation of photovoltaic properties of nanostructure indoline dye-sensitised solar cells using changes in assembling materials". Pigment & Resin Technology 46, n.º 5 (4 de septiembre de 2017): 393–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/prt-04-2016-0044.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study assembling parameters in dye-sensitised solar cells (DSSCs) performance. For this end, 3a,7a-dihydroxy-5ß-cholanic acid (cheno) are selected as anti-aggregation agent and two solutions, namely, tetrabutyl ammonium iodide and (PMII)IL used as electrolyte. Design/methodology/approach A series of organic dyes were selected using N-substituents carbazole as electron donor group and acrylic acid and cyanoacrylic acid as electron acceptor groups. Absorption properties of purified dyes were studied in solution and on photoelectrode substrate. DSSCs were prepared in the presence of anti-aggregation agent and different electrolyte to determine the photovoltaic performance of each dyes. Findings The results showed that all organic dyes form J-aggregation on the photoanode substrate in the absence of anti-aggregation agent and the amounts of aggregation were reduced in the presence of anti-aggregation agent. DSSCs were fabricated in the presence of anti-aggregation agent. The photovoltaic properties were improved using tetrabutyl ammonium iodide as electrolyte. The maximum power conversion efficiency was achieved for D12 in the presence of cheno and tetrabutyl ammonium iodide as anti-aggregation agent and electrolyte, respectively. Social implications Organic dye attracts more and more attention due to low cost, facile route synthesis and less hazardous. Originality/value The effect of anti-aggregation agent and electrolyte on DSSCs performance was investigated for the first time.
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Yildirim, Onur, Matteo Bonomo, Nadia Barbero, Cesare Atzori, Bartolomeo Civalleri, Francesca Bonino, Guido Viscardi y Claudia Barolo. "Application of Metal-Organic Frameworks and Covalent Organic Frameworks as (Photo)Active Material in Hybrid Photovoltaic Technologies". Energies 13, n.º 21 (26 de octubre de 2020): 5602. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13215602.
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Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are two innovative classes of porous coordination polymers. MOFs are three-dimensional materials made up of secondary building blocks comprised of metal ions/clusters and organic ligands whereas COFs are 2D or 3D highly porous organic solids made up by light elements (i.e., H, B, C, N, O). Both MOFs and COFs, being highly conjugated scaffolds, are very promising as photoactive materials for applications in photocatalysis and artificial photosynthesis because of their tunable electronic properties, high surface area, remarkable light and thermal stability, easy and relative low-cost synthesis, and structural versatility. These properties make them perfectly suitable for photovoltaic application: throughout this review, we summarize recent advances in the employment of both MOFs and COFs in emerging photovoltaics, namely dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) organic photovoltaic (OPV) and perovskite solar cells (PSCs). MOFs are successfully implemented in DSSCs as photoanodic material or solid-state sensitizers and in PSCs mainly as hole or electron transporting materials. An innovative paradigm, in which the porous conductive polymer acts as standing-alone sensitized photoanode, is exploited too. Conversely, COFs are mostly implemented as photoactive material or as hole transporting material in PSCs.
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Barłóg, Maciej, Cagdas Yavuz, Abdulrahman K. Ali, Zafer Kandemir, Marc Comí, Hassan S. Bazzi, Mohammed Al-Hashimi y Sule Erten-Ela. "An electron rich indaceno [2,1-b:6,5-b′] dithiophene derivative as a high intramolecular charge transfer material in dye sensitized solar cells". New Journal of Chemistry 45, n.º 5 (2021): 2734–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0nj06067d.
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Kumaran, T. Saravana, A. Prakasam, P. M. Anbarasan, P. Vennila, G. Venkatesh, S. Parveen Banu y Y. Sheena Mary. "New Phenoxazine-Based Organic Dyes with Various Acceptors for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells: Synthesis, Characterization, DSSCs Fabrications and DFT Study". Journal of Computational Biophysics and Chemistry 20, n.º 05 (24 de julio de 2021): 465–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2737416521500253.
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As sensitizers, a series of organic dyes containing phenoxazine is synthesized for use in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The dyes were characterized using FT-IR, NMR and UV experiments. Quantum chemical calculations were used to gain insight into the structural, electronic and photophysical properties including its as-synthesized sensitizers, as well as to allocate experimental spectroscopic results. It has been observed that increasing the electron-donor potential and the [Formula: see text]-conjugated bridge of the dyes would increase the photovoltaic performance. The obtained two dyes have substantially higher efficiency of 6.6 and 6.4%, respectively, under the modeled AM1.5G conditions. Efficient electron injection from the excited sensitizer to the conduction band of TiO2 film occurs due to further delocalizing electrons in the [Formula: see text]-conjugated bridge and donor areas of the dyes. Using cyclic voltammetry, the electrochemical efficiency of BPA and BPCA was evaluated, and reversible oxidation signals were reported.
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Fernandes, Sara S. M., Maria Cidália R. Castro, Dzmitry Ivanou, Adélio Mendes y Maria Manuela M. Raposo. "Push-Pull Heterocyclic Dyes Based on Pyrrole and Thiophene: Synthesis and Evaluation of Their Optical, Redox and Photovoltaic Properties". Coatings 12, n.º 1 (28 de diciembre de 2021): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12010034.
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Three heterocyclic dyes were synthesized having in mind the changes in the photovoltaic, optical and redox properties by functionalization of 5-aryl-thieno[3,2-b]thiophene, 5-arylthiophene and bis-methylpyrrolylthiophene π-bridges with different donor, acceptor/anchoring groups. Knoevenagel condensation of the aldehyde precursors with 2-cyanoacetic acid was used to prepare the donor-acceptor functionalized heterocyclic molecules. These organic metal-free dyes are constituted by thieno[3,2-b]thiophene, arylthiophene, bis-methylpyrrolylthiophene, spacers and one or two cyanoacetic acid acceptor groups and different electron donor groups (alkoxyl, and pyrrole electron-rich heterocycle). The evaluation of the redox, optical and photovoltaic properties of these compounds indicate that 5-aryl-thieno[3,2-b]thiophene-based dye functionalized with an ethoxyl electron donor and a cyanoacetic acid electron acceptor group/anchoring moiety displays as sensitizer for DSSCs the best conversion efficiency (2.21%). It is mainly assigned to the higher molar extinction coefficient, long π-conjugation of the heterocyclic system, higher oxidation potential and strong electron donating capacity of the ethoxyl group compared to the pirrolyl moiety.
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Meti, Puttavva, Goli Nagaraju, Jung-Won Yang, Sun Hwa Jung y Young-Dae Gong. "Synthesis of dipyrrolopyrazine-based sensitizers with a new π-bridge end-capped donor–acceptor framework for DSSCs: a combined experimental and theoretical investigation". New Journal of Chemistry 43, n.º 7 (2019): 3017–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8nj06083e.
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Khalifa, Mohamed E., Abdulraheem S. A. Almalki, Amar Merazga y Gaber A. M. Mersal. "Design, Molecular Modeling and Synthesis of Metal-Free Sensitizers of Thieno Pyridine Dyes as Light-Harvesting Materials with Efficiency Improvement Using Plasmonic Nanoparticles". Molecules 25, n.º 8 (15 de abril de 2020): 1813. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25081813.
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Considering the thiophene unit as an electron-rich heterocycle, it is investigated with the aim of elucidating its potential efficiency for solar cell application. With the introduction of active substituents such as COOEt, CONH2 and CN into the thiophene segment, three novel thieno pyridine sensitizers (6a–c), based on donor-acceptor D-π-A construction, are designed and synthesized. The effect of the anchoring groups is investigated based on their molecular orbital’s (MO’s) energy gap (Eg). The electrostatic interaction between the synthesized dyes and metal nanoparticles, namely gold, silver and ruthenium, is believed to improve their performance as organic sensitizers. The dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are manufactured using the novel diazenyl pyridothiophene dyes, along with their metal nanoparticles conjugates as sensitizers, and were examined for efficiency improvement. Accordingly, using this modification, the photovoltaic performance was significantly improved. The promising results of conjugate (6b/AgNPs), compared with reported organic and natural sensitizers (JSC (1.136 × 10−1 mA/cm2), VOC (0.436 V), FF (0.57) and η (2.82 × 10−2%)), are attributed to the good interaction between the amide, methyl, amino and cyano groups attached to the thiophene pyridyl scaffolds and the surface of TiO2 porous film. Implementation of a molecular modeling study is performed to predict the ability of the thiophene moiety to be used in solar cell applications.
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Franchi, Daniele, Massimo Calamante, Carmen Coppola, Alessandro Mordini, Gianna Reginato, Adalgisa Sinicropi y Lorenzo Zani. "Synthesis and Characterization of New Organic Dyes Containing the Indigo Core". Molecules 25, n.º 15 (25 de julio de 2020): 3377. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25153377.
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A new series of symmetrical organic dyes containing an indigo central core decorated with different electron donor groups have been prepared, starting from Tyrian Purple and using the Pd-catalyzed Stille-Migita coupling process. The effect of substituents on the spectroscopic properties of the dyes has been investigated theoretically and experimentally. In general, all dyes presented intense light absorption bands, both in the blue and red regions of the visible spectrum, conferring them a bright green color in solution. Using the same approach, an asymmetrically substituted D–A-π–A green dye, bearing a triarylamine electron donor and the cyanoacrylate acceptor/anchoring group, has been synthesized for the first time and fully characterized, confirming that spectroscopic and electrochemical properties are consistent with a possible application in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC).
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Fujisawa, Jun-ichi. "Interfacial Charge-Transfer Transitions for Direct Charge-Separation Photovoltaics". Energies 13, n.º 10 (15 de mayo de 2020): 2521. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13102521.
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Photoinduced charge separation (PCS) plays an essential role in various solar energy conversions such as photovoltaic conversion in solar cells. Usually, PCS in solar cells occurs stepwise via solar energy absorption by light absorbers (dyes, inorganic semiconductors, etc.) and the subsequent charge transfer at heterogeneous interfaces. Unfortunately, this two-step PCS occurs with a relatively large amount of the energy loss (at least ca. 0.3 eV). Hence, the exploration of a new PCS mechanism to minimize the energy loss is a high-priority subject to realize efficient solar energy conversion. Interfacial charge-transfer transitions (ICTTs) enable direct PCS at heterogeneous interfaces without energy loss, in principle. Recently, several progresses have been reported for ICTT at organic-inorganic semiconductor interfaces by our group. First of all, new organic-metal oxide complexes have been developed with various organic and metal-oxide semiconductors for ICTT. Through the vigorous material development and fundamental research of ICTT, we successfully demonstrated efficient photovoltaic conversion due to ICTT for the first time. In addition, we revealed that the efficient photoelectric conversion results from the suppression of charge recombination, providing a theoretical guiding principle to control the charge recombination rate in the ICTT system. These results open up a way to the development of ICTT-based photovoltaic cells. Moreover, we showed the important role of ICTT in the reported efficient dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) with carboxy-anchor dyes, particularly, in the solar energy absorption in the near IR region. This result indicates that the combination of dye sensitization and ICTT would lead to the further enhancement of the power conversion efficiency of DSSC. In this feature article, we review the recent progresses of ICTT and its application in solar cells.
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Gros, Claude, Léo Bucher, Nicolas Desbois y Ganesh D. Sharma. "Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells: Porphyrins, Dpps and Bodipys As Building Blocks for Efficient Donor Materials". ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, n.º 15 (7 de julio de 2022): 2484. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01152484mtgabs.
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Among the different types of organic semiconducting materials, porphyrins, DPPs and BODIPYs based small molecules and conjugated polymers have attracted high interest as efficient semiconducting organic materials for dye sensitized solar cells (DSSC) and bulk heterojunction (BHJ) organic solar cells. Interestingly, they offer a synergistic effect when used together within a material, this coming from high complementarities of their absorption spectra, adapted prerequisites in order to be efficient energy transfer partners, and suitable frontier orbitals energy levels. We have recently designed different porphyrins, DPPs and BODIPYs based electron donor small molecules/polymers for bulk heterojunction organic solar cells (Figure), and now report their synthesis as well as the study of their electrochemical, photophysical and photovoltaic properties. The “Consulat Général de France à Québec” and the “Programme Samuel de Champlain 2015/2016” are acknowledged for funding. We are thankful to Prof. P. D. Harvey (Université de Sherbrooke, CA) for PhD co-supervising and photophysical measurements. REFERENCES Bucher, L.; Desbois, N.; Harvey, P. D.; Sharma, G. D.; Gros, C. P., Solar RRL 2017, 1 (12), 1700127. Bucher, L.; Tanguy, L.; Fortin, D.; Desbois, N.; Harvey, P. D.; Sharma, G. D.; Gros, C. P., ChemPlusChem 2017, 82, 625-630 (Biofest special issue). Bucher, L.; Desbois, N.; Harvey, P. D.; Gros, C. P.; Sharma, G. D., ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2018, 10 (1), 992-1004. Bucher, L.; Tanguy, L.; Desbois, N.; Karsenti, P.-L.; Harvey, P. D.; Gros, C. P.; Sharma, G. D., Solar RRL 2018, 2 (1), 1700168. Figure 1
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Sharma, Vikas, Kovida Kovida, Dhananjaya Sahoo, Nonu Varghese, Kallol Mohanta y Apurba Lal Koner. "Synthesis and photovoltaic application of NIR-emitting perylene-monoimide dyes with large Stokes-shift". RSC Advances 9, n.º 52 (2019): 30448–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra04833b.
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A series of NIR emitting perylene-monoimide (PMI) dyes were developed via tetra alkynylation of PMI(Br)4 at bay and peri positions using Sonogashira coupling protocol for organic photovoltaics application.
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Meyer, Mbese y Agoro. "The Frontiers of Nanomaterials (SnS, PbS and CuS) for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Applications: An Exciting New Infrared Material". Molecules 24, n.º 23 (20 de noviembre de 2019): 4223. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24234223.
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To date, extensive studies have been done on solar cells on how to harness the unpleasant climatic condition for the binary benefits of renewable energy sources and potential energy solutions. Photovoltaic (PV) is considered as, not only as the future of humanity’s source of green energy, but also as a reliable solution to the energy crisis due to its sustainability, abundance, easy fabrication, cost-friendly and environmentally hazard-free nature. PV is grouped into first, second and third-generation cells. Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), classified as third-generation PV, have gained more ground in recent times. This is linked to their transparency, high efficiency, shape, being cost-friendly and flexibility of colour. However, further improvement of DSSCs by quantum dot sensitized solar cells (QDSSCs) has increased their efficiency through the use of semiconducting materials, such as quantum dots (QDs), as sensitizers. This has paved way for the fabrication of semiconducting QDs to replace the ideal DSSCs with quantum dot sensitized solar cells (QDSSCs). Moreover, there are no absolute photosensitizers that can cover all the infrared spectrum, the infusion of QD metal sulphides with better absorption could serve as a breakthrough. Metal sulphides, such as PbS, SnS and CuS QDs could be used as photosensitizers due to their strong near infrared (NIR) absorption properties. A few great dependable and reproducible routes to synthesize better QD size have attained much ground in the past and of late. The injection of these QD materials, which display (NIR) absorption with localized surface plasmon resonances (SPR), due to self-doped p-type carriers and photocatalytic activity could enhance the performance of the solar cell. This review will be focused on QDs in solar cell applications, the recent advances in the synthesis method, their stability, and long term prospects of QDSSCs efficiency.
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Reda, Safenaz M. y Said A. El-Sherbieny. "Dye-sensitized nanocrystalline CdS and ZnS solar cells with different organic dyes". Journal of Materials Research 25, n.º 3 (marzo de 2010): 522–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2010.0077.
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We have developed dye-sensitized nanocrystalline CdS and ZnS solar cells (DSSCs) based on crystal violet, methylene blue, and fluorescein photosensitizers. Nanocrystalline CdS and ZnS were synthesized by a green synthesis method using starch as the capping agent. Characterization of nanocrystalline CdS and ZnS was carried out by optical absorption and x-ray diffraction. The results indicate that CdS and ZnS prepared by this method may be used as photoelectodes in photo-electro-chemical energy conversion systems. DSSCs have been built and their photocurrent, open-circuit voltage, fill factor, and efficiency have been measured under direct sunlight illumination (1000 Wcm−2). The efficiency of the cells made from dye-CdS was much higher than that of the cells made from dye-ZnS. This can be attributed to the particle size effect. Among the prepared dye-sensitized solar cells, a DSSC based on fluorescein dye as the photosensitizer produced the highest overall light solar energy to electricity conversion efficiency.
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Koyyada, Ganesh, Ramesh Kumar Chitumalla, Suresh Thogiti, Jae Hong Kim, Joonkyung Jang, Malapaka Chandrasekharam y Jae Hak Jung. "A New Series of EDOT Based Co-Sensitizers for Enhanced Efficiency of Cocktail DSSC: A Comparative Study of Two Different Anchoring Groups". Molecules 24, n.º 19 (30 de septiembre de 2019): 3554. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24193554.
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Herein, we report the design and synthesis strategy of a new class of five EDOT based co-sensitizers (CSGR1-5) by introducing different donors (2,3,4-trimethoxypheny, 2,4-dibutoxyphenyl, and 2,4-difluorophenyl) and anchoring groups (rhodamine-3-acetic acid and cyanoacetic acid) systematically. The synthesized metal-free organic co-sensitizers were employed for cocktail dye-sensitized solar cells along with N749 (black dye). The DSSC devices with a mixture of co-sensitizers (CSGR1-5) and N749 have shown a 7.95%, 8.40%, 7.81%, 6.56% and 6.99% power conversion efficiency (PCE) respectively, which was more than that of single N749 dye PCE (6.18%). Enhanced efficiency could be ascribed to the increased short circuit current (Jsc) and open circuit voltage (Voc). The increased Jsc was achieved due to enhanced light harvesting nature of N749 device upon co-sensitization with CSGR dyes and feasible energy levels of both the dyes. The Voc was improved due to better surface coverage which helps in decreasing the rate of recombination. The detailed optical and electrochemical properties were investigated and complimented with theoretical studies (DFT).
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Yzeiri, Xheila, Massimo Calamante, Alessio Dessì, Daniele Franchi, Andrea Pucci, Francesco Ventura, Gianna Reginato, Lorenzo Zani y Alessandro Mordini. "Synthesis and Spectroscopic Characterization of Thienopyrazine-Based Fluorophores for Application in Luminescent Solar Concentrators (LSCs)". Molecules 26, n.º 18 (7 de septiembre de 2021): 5428. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26185428.
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Organic fluorophores have found broad application as emitters in luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs) for silicon photovoltaics. In particular, the preparation of organic conjugated systems with intense light-harvesting ability, emissions in the deep-red and NIR regions, and large Stokes shift values represent a very challenging undertaking. Here, we report a simple and easy way to prepare three symmetrical donor–acceptor–donor (DAD) organic-emitting materials based on a thienopyrazine core. The central core in the three dyes was modified with the introduction of aromatic substituents, aiming to affect their optical properties. The fluorophores were characterized by spectroscopic studies. In all cases, visible-NIR emissions with large Stokes shifts were found, highlighting these molecules as promising materials for the application in LSCs.
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Aivali, Stefania, Loukia Tsimpouki, Charalampos Anastasopoulos y Joannis K. Kallitsis. "Synthesis and Optoelectronic Characterization of Perylene Diimide-Quinoline Based Small Molecules". Molecules 24, n.º 23 (2 de diciembre de 2019): 4406. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24234406.
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Perylene diimide (PDI) is one of the most studied functional dyes due to their structural versatility and fine tuning of the materials properties. Core substituted PDIs are prominent n-type semiconductor materials that could be used as non-fullerene acceptors in organic photovoltaics. Herein, we develop versatile organic building blocks based on PDI by decorating the PDI core with quinoline groups. Styryl and hydroxy phenyl mono and difunctionalized molecules were prepared using mono-nitro and dibromo bay substituted PDIs by Suzuki coupling with the respective boronic acid derivatives. A novel methodology using nitro-PDI under Suzuki coupling conditions as an electrophile partner was successfully tested. Furthermore, the PDI derivatives were used for the synthesis of soluble, electron accepting small molecules combining PDI with weak electron withdrawing quinoline derivatives. The new molecules presented wide absorbance in the visible spectrum from 450 to almost 700 nm while their LUMO levels and their energy levels are in the range of −3.8 to −4.2 eV.
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Inomata, Tomohiko, Mayuka Hatano, Yuya Kawai, Ayaka Matsunaga, Takuma Kitagawa, Yuko Wasada-Tsutsui, Tomohiro Ozawa y Hideki Masuda. "Synthesis and Physico-Chemical Properties of Homoleptic Copper(I) Complexes with Asymmetric Ligands as a DSSC Dye". Molecules 26, n.º 22 (12 de noviembre de 2021): 6835. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26226835.
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To develop low-cost and efficient dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), we designed and prepared three homoleptic Cu(I) complexes with asymmetric ligands, M1, M2, and Y3, which have the advantages of heteroleptic-type complexes and compensate for their synthetic challenges. The three copper(I) complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, and electrochemical measurements. Their absorption spectra and orbital energies were evaluated and are discussed in the context of TD-DFT calculations. The complexes have high VOC values (0.48, 0.60, and 0.66 V for M1, M2, and Y3, respectively) which are similar to previously reported copper(I) dyes with symmetric ligands, although their energy conversion efficiencies are relatively low (0.17, 0.64, and 2.66%, respectively).
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Abusaif, Moustafa S., M. Fathy, M. A. Abu-Saied, Ahmed A. Elhenawy, A. B. Kashyout, Mohamed R. Selim y Yousry A. Ammar. "New carbazole-based organic dyes with different acceptors for dye-sensitized solar cells: Synthesis, characterization, dssc fabrications and density functional theory studies". Journal of Molecular Structure 1225 (febrero de 2021): 129297. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.129297.
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Al-Ahmed, Amir, Bello Mukhtar, Safdar Hossain, S. M. Javaid Zaidi y S. U. Rahman. "Application of Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) Based Photocatalytic Nanomaterials in Solar and Hydrogen Energy: A Short Review". Materials Science Forum 712 (febrero de 2012): 25–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.712.25.
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Tremendous amount of research work is going on Titanium dioxide (TiO2) based materials. These materials have many useful applications in our scientific and daily life and it ranges from photovoltaics to photocatalysis to photo-electrochromics, sensors etc.. All these applications can be divided into two broad categories such as environmental (photocatalysis and sensing) and energy (photovoltaics, water splitting, photo-/electrochromics, and hydrogen storage). Synthesis of TiO2nanoparticles with specific size and structural phase is crucial, for solar sell application. Monodispersed spherical colloids with minimum size variation (5% or less) is essential for the fabrication of photonic crystals. When sensitized with organic dyes or inorganic narrow band gap semiconductors, TiO2can absorb light into the visible light region and convert solar energy into electrical energy for solar cell applications. TiO2nanomaterials also have been widely studied for water splitting and hydrogen production due to their suitable electronic band structure given the redox potential of water. Again nanostructured TiO2has extensively been studied for hydrogen storage with good storage capacity and easy releasing procedure. All these issues and related finding will be discussed in this review.
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Chi, Chih-Chin, Yu-Jui Huang y Chin-Ti Chen. "Synthesis and Spectroscopic Characterization of Dual Absorption BODIPY Type Dyes and their Light Harvesting Application in Polymer-Based Bulk Hetrojunction Organic Photovoltaics". Journal of the Chinese Chemical Society 59, n.º 3 (marzo de 2012): 305–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jccs.201100612.
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Ghanem, Tatiana, Tony Vincendeau, Pablo Simón Marqués, Amir Hossein Habibi, Sana Abidi, Ali Yassin, Sylvie Dabos-Seignon, Jean Roncali, Philippe Blanchard y Clément Cabanetos. "Synthesis of push–pull triarylamine dyes containing 5,6-difluoro-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole units by direct arylation and their evaluation as active material for organic photovoltaics". Materials Advances 2, n.º 22 (2021): 7456–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ma00798j.
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Direct (hetero)-arylation was used to prepare two push–pull molecules. Optimization of the experimental coupling conditions and their preliminary evaluation as active materials in simple air-processed organic solar cells are reported herein.
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El Assyry, Abdeslam, Issam Rafiq, Mohamed Rbaa, Abdelali Derouiche y Brahim Lakhrissi. "Optical and Photovoltaic Properties of New Synthesized Quinoxaline-2,3 Dione Derivatives for Efficient Dye Sensitized Solar Cell Application". Trends in Sciences 19, n.º 19 (2 de octubre de 2022): 6173. http://dx.doi.org/10.48048/tis.2022.6173.
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In this study, the synthesis of 4 new heterocyclic compounds derived from quinoxalinedione were presented, which have been characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The solar cells’ photovoltaic properties based on these novels organic compounds donor-π-acceptor dyes were studied. Density functional theory DFT method is realized to optimize electronic parameters, optical and photovoltaic properties for some new 8-hydroxyquinoline derivatives based on quinoxaline-2,3-dione. The results have shown that time-dependent DFT (TDDFT) investigations with polarizable continuum model PCM were significantly able to foretell the excitation energy and the spectroscopy of the molecule. The highest occupied molecular orbital HOMO and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital LUMO energy levels of these molecules can ensure a positive impact on the dye regeneration and electron injection process. Injection driving force ΔGinject, light-harvesting efficiency LHE, reorganization energy λtotal and open-circuit photovoltage Voc provide qualitative predictions on these dyes’ reactivity. Among these 4 molecules, the compounds which can be used as organic solar cells have determined.
HIGHLIGHTS
We presented the synthesis and the characterization of a new series of heterocyclic compounds obtained by association of 8-hydroxyquinoline with quinoxalindione derivatives.
The synthesis of this series of compounds was carried out by simple conditions but with good yields and the characterization data shows that there is good consistency between the spectroscopic data and the proposed structures
These new compounds were obtained according to simple procedures with good yields and they have been the subject of a theoretical study
This investigated process can be employed to predict the optical and photovoltaics properties on the other compounds and polymers, and it encourages to synthesis the novel organic solar cell materials
GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
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Torres, Tomas, Elisa López-Serrano, Marta Gomez-Gomez, Luis M. Mateo, Jorge Labella, Giovanni Bottari y Mine Ince. "(Invited) Porphyrinoid-Carbon Nanostructure Ensembles and Fused Porphyrin-Graphene Nanoribbons". ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, n.º 11 (7 de julio de 2022): 828. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-0111828mtgabs.
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Phthalocyanines (Pcs) have emerged as excellent light harvesting antennas for incorporation into D-A systems, mainly in connection with carbon nanostructures, like endohedral metallofullerenes, SWCNT and graphene, as acceptor or donor moieties, in which the Pc has been attached, covalently or through supramolecular interactions. They are among the few molecules that reveal an intense red and NIR absorption and therefore, constitute also promising dyes in molecular photovoltaics. Pcs have a great chemical versatility, which allows to modify their electronic character and their physicochemical properties by organic synthesis, by introducing substituents in the periphery or modifying the structure of the macrocycle. Most recently they have reached good efficiency values participating as hole transporting materials in Carbon-based Perovskite sensitized solar cells (PSSCs). Pcs are be appropriately designed to adapt well to the electronic levels of the different types of perovskites. Through a rational design, structure-property relationships will be established that will gradually improve the performance of the devices. On the other hand, on-surface synthesis offers a versatile approach to fabricate novel carbon-based nanostructures that cannot be obtained via conventional solution chemistry. Within the family of such nanomaterials, graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) hold a privileged position due to their high potential for different applications. One of the key issues for their application in molecular electronics lies in the fine-tuning of their electronic properties through structural modifications, such as heteroatom doping or the incorporation of non-benzenoid rings. In this context, the covalent fusion of GNRs and porphyrins (Pors) represents a highly appealing strategy.
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Mahmoud, Samar E., Ahmed A. Fadda, Ehab Abdel-Latif y Mohamed R. Elmorsy. "Synthesis of Novel Triphenylamine-Based Organic Dyes with Dual Anchors for Efficient Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells". Nanoscale Research Letters 17, n.º 1 (4 de agosto de 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s11671-022-03711-6.
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AbstractA new series of metal-free organic dyes (SM1-5) with dual anchors are synthesized for application in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC). Here, a simple triphenylamine (TPA) moiety serves as the electron donor, while di-cyanoacrylamide and di-thiazolidine-5-one units serve as the electron acceptors and anchoring groups. To understand the effect of dye structure on the photovoltaic characteristics of DSSCs, the photophysical and electrochemical properties, as well as molecular geometries calculated from density functional theory (DFT), are used for dyes SM1-5. The extinction coefficients of the organic dyes SM1-5 are high (5.36–9.54 104 M−1 cm−1), indicating a high aptitude for light harvesting. The photovoltaic studies indicated that using dye SM4 as a sensitizer showed a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 6.09% (JSC = 14.13 mA cm−2, VOC = 0.624 V, FF = 68.89%). Interestingly, SM4 showed the highest values of VOC among all dyes, including N-719, due to its maximum dye coverage on the TiO2 surface, enhancing charge recombination resistance in the sensitized cell. The good agreement between the theoretically and experimentally obtained data indicates that the energy functional and basis set employed in this study can be successfully utilized to predict new photosensitizers' absorption spectra with great precision before synthesis. Also, these results show that bi-anchoring molecules have a lot of potentials to improve the overall performance of dye-sensitized solar cells.
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Badawy, Safa A., Ehab Abdel-Latif, Ahmed A. Fadda y Mohamed R. Elmorsy. "Synthesis of innovative triphenylamine-functionalized organic photosensitizers outperformed the benchmark dye N719 for high-efficiency dye-sensitized solar cells". Scientific Reports 12, n.º 1 (28 de julio de 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-17041-1.
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AbstractHerein, we present a thorough photovoltaic investigation of four triphenylamine organic sensitizers with D–π–A configurations and compare their photovoltaic performances to the conventional ruthenium-based sensitizer N719. SFA-5–8 are synthesized and utilized as sensitizers for dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) applications. The effects of the donor unit (triphenylamine), π-conjugation bridge (thiophene ring), and various acceptors (phenylacetonitrile and 2-cyanoacetamide derivatives) were investigated. Moreover, this was asserted by profound calculations of HOMO (highest occupied molecular orbital) and LUMO (lowest unoccupied molecular orbital) energy levels, the molecular electrostatic potential (MEP), and natural bond orbital (NBO) that had been studied for the TPA-sensitizers. Theoretical density functional theory (DFT) was performed to study the distribution of electron density between donor and acceptor moieties. The sensitization by the absorption of sensitizers SFA-5–8 leads to an obvious enhancement in the visible light absorption (300–750 nm) as well as a higher photovoltaic efficiency in the range of (5.53–7.56%). Under optimized conditions, SFA-7 showed outstanding sensitization of nanocrystalline TiO2, resulting in enhancing the visible light absorption and upgrading the power conversion efficiency (PCE) to approximately 7.56% over that reported for the N719 (7.29%). Remarkably, SFA-7 outperformed N719 by 4% in the total conversion efficiency. Significantly, the superior performance of SFA-7 could be mainly ascribed to the higher short-circuit photocurrents (Jsc) in parallel with larger open-circuit voltages (Voc) and more importantly, the presence of different anchoring moieties that could enhance the ability to fill the gaps on the surface of the TiO2 semiconductor. That could be largely reflected in the overall enhancement in the device efficiency. Moreover, the theoretical electronic and photovoltaic properties of all studied sensitizers have been compared with experimental results. All the 2-cyanoacrylamide derivative sensitizers demonstrated robust photovoltaic performance.
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Eno, Ededet A., Hitler Louis, Tomsmith O. Unimuke, Ernest C. Agwamba, Anita T. Etim, Justina I. Mbonu, Henry O. Edet, ThankGod Egemoye, Kayode A. Adegoke y Umar S. Ameuru. "Photovoltaic properties of novel reactive azobenzoquinolines: experimental and theoretical investigations". Physical Sciences Reviews, 2 de junio de 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/psr-2021-0191.
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Abstract In this work, synthesis, characterization, DFT, TD-DFT study of some novel reactive azobenzoquinoline dye structures to elucidate their photovoltaic properties. The azobenzoquinoline compounds were experimentally synthesized through a series of reaction routes starting from acenaphthene to obtained aminododecylnaphthalimide and finally coupled with diazonium salts to get the desired azobenzoquinoline. Azo dye synthesized differ in the number of alkyl chains designated as (AR1, AR2, AR3, and AR4) which were experimentally analyzed using FT-IR and NMR spectroscopic methods. The synthesized structures were modelled for computational investigation using density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) combined with B3LYP and 6-31+G(d) basis set level of theory. The results showed that the HOMO-LUMO energy gap was steady at approximately 2.8 eV as the alkyl chain increases, which has been proven to be within the material energy gap limit for application in photovoltaic. The highest intramolecular natural bond orbital (NBO) for the studied compounds is 27.60, 55.06, 55.06, and 55.04 kcal/mol for AR1, AR2, AR3, and AR4 respectively and the donor and acceptor interacting orbitals for the highest stabilization energy (E (2)) are LP(1)N 18 and π*C 16−O 19 respectively. The photovoltaic properties in terms of light-harvesting efficiency (LHE), Short circuit current density (J SC), Gibbs free energy of injection (ΔG inj), open-circuit voltage (V OC) and Gibbs free energy of regeneration (ΔG reg) were evaluated to be within the required limit for DSSC design. Overall, the obtained theoretical photovoltaic results were compared with other experimental and computational findings, thus, are in excellent agreement for organic solar cell design.
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Kholidanata, Fareka, Adya Rizky Pradipta, Eva Yuliana y Hanafi Hanafi. "SINTESIS SENYAWA ORGANIK ZAT PEMEKA CAHAYA (DYES): TETRAFENILPORFIRIN (TPP) DENGAN METODE MICROWAVE ASSISTED ORGANIC SYNTHESIS TERMODIFIKASI (S-MAOS)". WARTA AKAB 46, n.º 1 (27 de agosto de 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.55075/wa.v46i1.85.
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Senyawa porfirin dapat diaplikasikan berbagai bidang salah satunya pada kimia fisika sebagai fotosensitizer atau zat pemeka cahaya (dyes) pada sistem konversi fotoenergi seperti Dye Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC). Senyawa meso-tetrafenilporfirin (TPP) adalah salah satu senyawa organik turunan porfirin yang dapat digunakan sebagai dyes dalam DSSC. Senyawa TPP dapat disintesis secara konvensional. Akan tetapi, sintesis konvensional ini masih memiliki kekurangan yaitu rendemen yang rendah, waktu reaksi yang lama, susunan alat yang rumit, biaya produksi tinggi, polusi lingkungan, dan penggunaan pelarut atau eluen yang berbahaya. Sedangkan sintesis senyawa TPP secara non-konvensional dengan metode Microwave Assisted Organic Synthesis (MAOS) dapat dilakukan dengan cepat, menghasilkan rendemen yang lebih tinggi, selektivitas tinggi, produk samping sedikit, kemudahan dalam pemisahan, efisien, ekonomis, dan menggunakan pelarut atau eluen yang lebih aman.Sintesis senyawa TPP dengan metode MAOS ini masih dapat dioptimasi untuk meningkatkan kembali rendemen. Hasil sintesis senyawa TPP menggunakan metode MAOS yang sudah dimodifikasi ini (MAOS termodifikasi (S-MAOS)) dikarakterisasi dengan Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), Ultraviolet–Visible Spectroscopy (UV-VIS), fluorescence spectroscopy, dan Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa sintesis senyawa TPP dengan metode S-MAOS lebih optimal daripada MAOS. Rendemen senayawa TPP dengan metode MAOS dan S-MAOS masing-masing adalah 9,77% dan 16,42%.
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Mashraqui, Sabir Hussain, Aniket Chilekar, Rupesh Mestri, Jyoti Upadhyay, Purav Badani, Siva Sankar Nemala y Parag Bhargava. "New metal free organic dyes incorporating heterocyclic Benzofuran core as conjugated spacer: Synthesis, Opto‐electrochemical, DFT and DSSC studies". Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry, 26 de agosto de 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhet.4561.
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Roy, Rupam, Aasif Khan, Oendrila Chatterjee, Sukomal Bhunia y Apurba Lal Koner. "Perylenemonoimide as a Versatile Fluoroprobe: The Past, Present, and Future". Organic Materials, 15 de julio de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1551-6930.
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Perylene dyes have transcended their role as simple colorants and have been reinvigorated as functional dyes. Based on the substitution at the peri position by six-membered carboxylic imides, the perylene family is principally embellished with perylene diimides (PDIs) and perylene monoimides (PMIs). Perylene dyes are widely acclaimed and adorned on account of their phenomenal thermal, chemical, and photostability juxtaposed with their high absorption coefficient and near-unity fluorescence quantum yield. Although symmetric PDIs have always been in the limelight, its asymmetrical counterpart PMI is already rubbing shoulders, thanks to the consistent efforts of several scientific minds. Recently, there has been an upsurge in engendering PMI-based versatile organic architectures decked with intriguing photophysical properties and pertinent applications. In this review, the synthesis and photophysical features of various PMI-based derivatives along with their relevant applications in the arena of organic photovoltaics, photocatalysis, self-assembly, fluorescence sensing, and bioimaging are accrued and expounded, hoping to enlighten the less delved but engrossing realm of PMIs.
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Saunders, Julia E., Adam S. Huss, Jon Bohnsack, Kent R. Mann, David A. Blank y Wayne L. L. Gladfelter. "Excited State Charge Transfer in Dyads of ZnO Nanocrystals and Organic or Transition Metal Dyes". MRS Proceedings 1260 (2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-1260-t12-05.
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AbstractTo better understand the specific charge transfer events that occur within a dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC), we synthesized well-defined ZnO:dye dyads. The ZnO nanocrystals were synthesized following literature procedures from zinc acetate and a hydroxide source in ethanol. The absorption onset of the ZnO nanocrystals was observed using UV-vis measurements, from which estimated nanocrystal diameters were determined. At room temperature, the synthesis yielded nanocrystals ranging in diameter from 2-4 nm. Dispersions of ZnO nanocrystals in ethanol were mixed with solutions containing 5΄΄-phenyl-3΄,4΄-di(nbutyl)-[2,2΄:5΄,2΄΄] terthiophene-5-carboxylic acid. Using FT-IR and fluorescence spectroscopy, it was verified that the dye molecules were adsorbed to the ZnO surface via their carboxylate groups while the number of dye molecules adsorbed to the surface was quantified using a combination of techniques. Adsorption isotherms were employed to probe surface coverage of the dye onto the nanocrystals to yield an adsorption equilibrium constant of 1.5 ± 0.2 x 105 M-1. The ability of ZnO nanocrystals to quench the emission of the dye by an electron transfer mechanism was observed and elucidated using ultra-fast laser spectroscopy where the time-scale for electron injection from the dye to the ZnO was determined to be 5.5 ps.
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"Nanomaterials and nanotechnology for composites: synthesis, structure, properties and new application opportunities". Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry 10, n.º 3 (29 de marzo de 2020): 5634–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.33263/briac103.634635.
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The aim of this special issue is to bring cutting-edge research across the entire spectrum of Materials Science and Nanotechnology. This special issue involves combining and understanding of the physical principles demonstrated by composite materials, nanomaterials, biomaterials, technology of nanometre-scale objects and other materials technologies. Materials engineering gathers scientists and engineers from many different subjects, such as materials science, nanotechnology, microtechnology, ceramic, metal, polymer, composite technology, and structural materials. This special issue allows researchers, academicians and professionals from across the globe to discuss, communicate and promote advances in knowledge, research and practice in the fields of Materials Science and Nanomaterials. This special issue contains the following titles: 1.1. Areca catechu as photovoltaic sensitizer for dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC). This paper reports on the optical and photovoltaic properties of a new type of natural dye sensitizer from the Areca catechu (Pinang fruits) of Malaysia. In this study, it evaluated the solvent type effects on this dye's photovoltaic efficiency. Absorption analysis showed an excellent capacity to stabilize the dye. Fourier-transform infrared spectra revealed the presence of hydroxyl and carboxylic functional groups in the extracted dye, which were shown to be responsible for imparting the stronger electronic coupling and rapid electron transfer upon interaction with TiO2 surface. The spectral photoluminescence analysis of dye revealed that a broad photocurrent can be created by a narrowing bandgap. Results demonstrate that Areca catechu can be applied to DSSC. It is promising to achieve high cell efficiency, low-cost production and non-toxicity. 1.2. Preparation of natural rubber -OMMT nanocomposites using mechanical mixing and acid free co-coagulation methods: effect of processing method on mechanical properties. The development of rubber nanocomposites has been an area of scientific and industrial interest in the recent years, due to several improvements achieved in these materials. However, nanofiller like polar nanoclay is difficult to disperse in non-polar natural rubber, and hence it is difficult to achieve property improvements as expected by incorporating nanoclay using conventional rubber/latex processing methods. This paper introduces a novel method named acid free co-coagulation method stating from latex stage and in which a combined gelling agent was used for rapid gelation and the nanoclay was modified for enhancement of compatibility with rubber. The nanocomposites exhibited exfoliated clay structures with minimum clay aggregation, and remarkable mechanical properties. The new method will be used in the field of materials engineering, in future, to prepare rubber nanocomposites with different nanofillers. 1.3. Synthesis and characterization of single phase ZnO nanostructures via solvothermal method: influence of alkaline. The paper seeks to synthesize and characterize single phase zinc oxide nanostructures using simple basic and readily available equipment to achieve high quality nanostructures negating very complex routes. The method employed in this study could be reproduced easily without considering sophisticated equipment. Besides, the conditions adopted in producing the high purity zinc oxide nanostructures in this study are advantageous to the conservation of high energy used to achieve some of these outcomes in some studies. Unique findings from the morphological and spectroscopic results from this study could be applicable to fields in energy, electronics and pharmaceutical industries. It is the hope of every research scientist to develop simple techniques in material engineering to meet the growing demands of the technological world. 1.4. Effect of shrimp shell chitosan loading on antimicrobial, absorption and morphological properties of natural rubber composites reinforced with silica-chitosan hybrid filler. Rice husk and shrimp shells from agricultural waste were value added by using to prepare hybrid filler between rice husk silica and shrimp shell chitosan. Latex solution method was successfully applied to obtain natural rubber composites reinforced with this hybrid filler. The antimicrobial, absorption, and morphological properties of the natural rubber composite films and cured composites were investigated by the Agar Diffusion Method, Water Absorption Test and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), respectively. All of NR composites with the addition of shrimp shell chitosan show antimicrobial activity. The addition of only 5phr shrimp shell chitosan in NR composite exhibits the most efficient E. coli inhibition and the absorption properties suitable for use as wound dressing. 1.5. The effect of viscosities of various coating solutions on the physical, mechanical and morphological properties of kenaf/epoxy composites. Natural fibres especially kenaf can exhibit excellent tensile properties. However, the actual potential of these fibres is commonly not achieved in fibre-reinforced composites due to low in dispersion, low compatibility and surface adhesion, and shape and stiffness inconsistency. This research aiming to provide a solution to the issues by employing a simple and practical coating treatment that suit macro-scale requirement of lignocellulosic industries. This manuscript explores the effect of various viscosities of coating treatment and the immersion time by analysing the maximum fibre-matrix interaction and composites deformation at a specific modulus and tensile Poisson’s ratio. The acetone’s amount used to change the viscosity play a vital role where the highest amount gave the optimum viscosity which able to overcome the issues and improved the overall composites’ properties. 1.6. Study of the magnetic properties of Zn doped Cobalt ferrite (CoZnxFe2-xO4). In this paper we studied the magnetic properties of Zn doped cobalt ferrite for different Zn concentration prepared by conventional solid state double sintering method. We observed the porosity of the samples using Scanning Electron Microscope. Magnetic measurement reveals that Curie temperature increases up to x = 0.1 then decreases for further concentration. We measured frequency dependent real and imaginary part of the permeability. From the measurement maximum quality factor and minimum loss factor were observed for x = 0.1. Magnetization curve shows that maximum value of saturation magnetization was observed for x = 0.1. These magnetic properties are useful for various applications such as high frequency devices, gas or humidity sensors etc. Our studies reveal that our produced samples may be useful for these kind of applications which are widely used in material engineering. 1.7. Silver nanoprisms/graphene oxide/silicon nanowires composites for R6G surface-enhanced raman spectroscopy sensor Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is an important analytical tool for the opto-chemical detection of molecules. The enhancement is commonly achieved by combining plasmonic nanomaterials with patterned or roughened supporting substrates of high surface area for increased light scattering and molecule adsorption. In this work, silicon nanowires (SiNWs) of different morphologies have been prepared by metal-assisted chemical etching technique. To produce highly sensitive and stable SERS devices, we have integrated graphene oxide (GO) layer sandwiched between the AgNPr and the SiNWs to serve as nanogaps and a protective coating for the silver nanoparticles from oxidation. High SERS response was demonstrated by AgNPr/GO/SiNWs compared to AgNPr/Si sensor for R6G detection. SERS efficiency of 6.1×〖10〗^10 was accomplished for AgNPr/GO/SiNWs composites. 1.8. Preparation and characterization of nanocellulose from sugarcane bagasse Nowadays, the demand for materials from renewable resources, such as biomass from agricultural wastes, to produce the desired materials are of grate interested. Nanocellulose is a natural nanomaterial which can be extracted from plant such as wood, flax, hemp, jute ramie, rice straws, coconut coir, cassava bagasse, corn cob, and sugarcane bagasse. This is due to renewable resources, environmentally friendly, low density, nontoxicity, and high biodegradability. The use of renewable resources as natural nanomaterials is one way of adding value to agricultural waste. Nanocellulose having low density greatly reducing erosion in the processing machine, safe for biodegradable and cheaper. It’s can be used as reinforcement material in several applications such as energy-harvesting materials, optical applications, printing applications, food packaging, and organic composite materials. In addition, nanocellulose has very good physical and chemical properties such as high strength, excellent stiffness, high modulus, low axial thermal expansion, and high surface area. In this study, nanocellulose particle was extracted from sugarcane bagasse by alkali and bleaching treatment for removed amorphous lignin and hemicellulose. Bleached cellulose was performed hydrolysis by sulfuric acid. The effects of hydrolysis time and temperature on particle size, chemical structure, crystallinity and thermal stability of nanocelluloses were studied.