Literatura académica sobre el tema "Orders of battle"

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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Orders of battle"

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Harley, Simon. "Vice-Admiral Bethell’s Third Fleet Battle Orders, about 1914". Mariner's Mirror 102, n.º 4 (octubre de 2016): 442–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00253359.2016.1240978.

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Loges, Max. "A Classical Case of Poor Communication: P. G. T. Beauregard's Battle Orders and Report of the First Battle of Bull Run". Journal of Technical Writing and Communication 25, n.º 3 (julio de 1995): 261–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/77f7-xvgm-gcv9-gmhq.

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This study examines General Beauregard's inability to communicate with his readers in his orders for and report of the First Battle of Bull Run. His orders lack vital pieces of information and are ill-suited to his inexperienced subordinates. In fact, Beauregard's success is due to the initiative of his junior officers, not to any carefully thought out plan of his own. Beauregard also fails to consider the political ramifications of certain statements he makes in his report of the battle. These statements offend President Jefferson Davis and lead to Beauregard's demotion and banishment to the West.
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Afanasenko, Vladimir y Maksim Medvedev. "Military and Political Decisions of the Supreme Command of the USSR and Germany on the Eve of the Battle of Stalingrad (June – July 1942)". Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija, n.º 1 (marzo de 2023): 94–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2023.1.9.

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Introduction. 2022 marks the 80th anniversary of the beginning of the Battle of Stalingrad, which became a turning point not only of the Great Patriotic War of the Soviet people against the Nazi invaders and their allies, but of the entire World War II of 1939–1945. The Battle of Stalingrad covered the territories of modern Voronezh, Rostov, Volgograd regions and the Republic of Kalmykia. The military and political decisions of the supreme command of the USSR and Germany on the eve of the Battle of Stalingrad in June – July 1942 became the starting point in the future battle. Methods and materials.The study used problem-chronological, comparative-historical, and statistical methods. The study of the materials was based on the principles of historicism and objectivity. During the analysis of documents from domestic archives, memoirs, statistical information, a significant amount of material was processed; the problems of the prehistory of the Battle of Stalingrad in domestic and foreign historiography were studied. Analysis. As a result of the study conducted by the authors, various directives, orders of the Headquarters of the Supreme High Command to the Soviet troops in the Stalingrad direction, as well as the enemy’s planning mechanism for the seizure of Stalingrad territory were analyzed. Results. It has been established that the Headquarters of the Supreme High Command, even before the start of hostilities in the Stalingrad direction, took measures to concentrate strategic reserves, create defensive lines, and reorganize the management of front-line troops. The authors’ contribution. V.A. Afanasenko proposed the idea and concept of the article, determined the chronology of the beginning of the preparatory actions preceding the Battle of Stalingrad. M.V. Medvedev analyzed the work of the Headquarters of the Supreme High Command on the preparation and use of combat reserves in battles within the great bend of the Don, carried out a scientific revision of the article.
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Heun, Reinhard, Subodh Dave y Paul Rowlands. "Little evidence for community treatment orders – a battle fought with heavy weapons". BJPsych Bulletin 40, n.º 3 (junio de 2016): 115–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.115.052373.

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SummaryThis editorial discusses the pros and cons of community treatment orders (CTOs) from the perspective of community general adult psychiatry. There is little scientific evidence supporting the application of CTOs. Preconditions of a CTO to work are likely to be met by few patients. The time for the application of a CTO may be better spent for patient-centred care until there is sufficient new and robust evidence that identifies the patients that might profit.
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Surtees, Doug. "How Goes the Battle? An Exploration of Guardianship Reform". Alberta Law Review 50, n.º 1 (1 de agosto de 2012): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/alr270.

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This article attempts to evaluate the success of guardianship law reform in Saskatchewan through a study of 446 guardianship applications made since the 2001 enactment of The Adult Guardianship and Co-decision-making Act. It begins by providing a brief history of guardianship law and details the development of the modern legislation. The author examines granted guardianship orders and surveys participants in the guardianship process in order to determine if the principles underlying the modern legislation have been upheld by the courts.
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Loges, Max L. "General Burnside and His Orders for the Battle of Fredericksburg: Lessons in How Not to Communicate". Journal of Technical Writing and Communication 32, n.º 3 (julio de 2002): 267–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/bh8h-dx3y-jw1y-rf1k.

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Communicating plans to subordinates is not an easy task. It requires that the writer be adept in accurately using the language of his/her discipline and takes care in considering the unique characteristics of the document's audience and how they are likely to interpret the message. When writers fail in these areas, the consequences can be very serious as demonstrated by General Ambrose Burnside's orders for the Battle of Fredericksburg during the Civil War.
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Kaczkowski, Marcin. "Rola krążowników lekkich w składzie brytyjskiej Grand Fleet w czasie I wojny światowej (1914–1918). W świetle Grand Fleet Battle Orders Johna Jellicoe1". Przegląd Historyczno-Wojskowy 23, n.º 3 (2022): 35–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.32089/wbh.phw.2022.3(281).0002.

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This article explores the role played by light cruisers in the British Grand Fleet: the largest navy during World War I. The author describes the genesis of this class of ships and then discusses the tasks assigned to light cruisers operating with the fleet, using information contained in the Grand Fleet Battle Orders – combat instructions for the British navy, prepared between 1914–1916 by its commander, Admiral John Jellicoe.
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Knowlton, B. C. "Xerxes’ Deliberate Expedition". Journal of Classics Teaching 17, n.º 34 (2016): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2058631016000246.

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Book Seven of Herodotus’ Histories contains his account of the Persian expedition against Greece led by King Xerxes in 480 BCE. This campaign followed from the one undertaken ten years earlier on the orders of his father, King Darius. That Persian force had landed at Marathon and been defeated by the Athenians in a famous battle that has ever since been considered a victory of European freedom over Oriental despotism. Xerxes, determined to avenge his father's defeat, raised a force reported by Herodotus to be of as many as two and a half million fighting men, only to come up against the 300 Spartans at the Battle of Thermopylae. This narrative of these and the subsequent battles of Salamis and Plataea has been well known from its Herodotean source ever since; and the muscle-bound and blood-drenched deeds of the 300 have recently been made famous again by the movie of that name. The more recent sequel to 300 begins with a less accurate account of the Battle of Marathon; and, where the first movie ended with Plataea under way, Rise of an Empire ends with victory at Salamis all but won. Courses in Western or World History are likely to come upon the Persian Wars, and the recent popular movies might serve as an accessible and engaging introduction to these historical events and developments. But Herodotus’ account of how Xerxes came to his decision to invade Greece, with its consideration of politics, rhetoric, and religion, is, if not as thrilling, at least as telling. It tells the standard narrative of the conflict between East and West, and it tells of many ways in which the conflict was more complicated than that. It tells not just how the Greeks and Persians came to fight each other, but who the Greeks and Persians were that they might have fought, or not, but did.
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Cackov, Oliver. "FIRST BATTLE LINE ON SALONICA FRONT 1916-1918". KNOWLEDGE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL 31, n.º 5 (5 de junio de 2019): 1573–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij31051573c.

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During the First World War Macedonia in its ethnic borders was a space of bloody fights of the Great Powers and their struggle for world domination and colonial empires. The front line on the territory of Macedonia, known as the Front of Macedonia, whose length was several hundred kilometers long, stretched predominantly through the mountainous areas at an altitude of over 2,000 meters where the armed conflicts, between the forces of the Entente and the Central Powers took place. The immediate cause of the formation of the Macedonian Front was the failure of the Dardanelles Operation, when troops from Galipola were transferred to Thessaloniki. The Macedonian front was the only allied front where the only command had been operating throughout its existence. At the beginning, the main command was held by the General Moris Saraj. The paper deals with the tragedy of the cities and the population, and the mountain heights that were located on the first frontline of the Macedonian Front, with huge destruction and devastation from everyday artillery and air strikes. Bitola as an important communication point was constantly exposed to bombardment, and many of the surrounding villages disappeared forever. Only a few kilometers southeast of Bitola is the top Kajmakcalan, where there were also fierce fighting with many casualties and terrible devastation. The Battle of Kajmakcalan as part of the military operations of the Macedonian Front is one of the great battles of the First World War. In the history, the Battle of Kajmakchalan has been observed according to the great number of dead and wounded and the altitude where it took place. The breathtaking legendary city of Dojran and its surroundings, located in the center of the demarcation (front line), was completely destroyed. The residents of Dojran, on the orders of the Central Forces who were stationed there, left their homes and left in other Macedonian cities, but also in Serbia and Bulgaria, before the very beginning of the "Dojran Front".
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Kapsalykova, K. R. y A. G. Nesterov. "Monster Duels in Byzantine Polemological Tradition of X-XIV Centuries". Nauchnyi dialog 12, n.º 5 (29 de junio de 2023): 443–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-5-443-461.

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The article is dedicated to a common theme in Byzantine literature, with a particular focus on descriptions of battles between warriors and monsters. According to the authors, the reworking of stories about hunting large predators from ancient mythology is characteristic of the Byzantine and partially Western European military traditions from the 10th to 14th centuries. The authors argue that the ideas of rational warfare permeated not only strict military manuals but also hagiographical literature, historical chronicles, heroic epics, and other narratives. Therefore, the incorporation of the archetypal plot of ‘fighting monsters’ into military settings is at the center of this study. The authors demonstrate that ancient battle stories had no place in the strict orders of real actions by regular armies. The article introduces materials from M. Y. Suzyumov’s personal archive into scientific circulation and draws on sigillography data. The article shows that in medieval texts, such short but intense clashes between two opponents are interpreted not only as entertainment or instruction but also in a philosophical sense as an embodiment of the eternal struggle between good and evil.
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Tesis sobre el tema "Orders of battle"

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Choi, Michael. "The Battle of the Siblings: The Effect of Birth Order on the Probability of Working in Managerial/Professional Occupations". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2018. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1954.

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Using data from the 1979 cohort of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY97), I examine the impact of birth order on occupational outcomes within the managerial/professional field. I first assess the impact of birth order within the entire managerial/professional field in the United States and then decompose the field into male-dominated, female-dominated, and mixed gender occupations to provide a specific and nuanced analysis of birth order effects within the field. Finally, I also isolate the impact of birth order specifically within the STEM managerial/professional field, given recent and rising interest in STEM occupations. In general, I find limited evidence that birth order has a significant effect across the entire managerial/professional field, male-dominated, female-dominated, and STEM managerial/professional occupations and that first born children are more likely to be in managerial/professional occupations than later born children. However, on average, these effects disappear as additional demographic, education and family characteristic related controls are added.
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Dorn, Michael. "Order fulfillment process in the Swedish Armed Forces : Case study: Aquiring medical capabillity Role 2 for the Nordic Battle Group". Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Business Administration, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-1231.

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Svenska Försvarsmakten genomgår nu en förändring från att tidigare ha haft ett fokus på att försvara hemlandet till att utvecklas emot en expeditionskår. Utvecklingen har drivits på av ett ökat internationellt engagemang och förändringen från ett nationellt till internationellt fokus har lett till att nya krav ställts på Försvarets försörjningskedja och inte minst anskaffnings processen att bli effektivare. Ledare som arbetar med beställning och anskaffning har en avgörande påverkan på ledtider, men ofta är det inte klart på vil-ket sätt och var i processen ledare skall fokusera kraft och resurser för att förbättra hela försörjningskedjan och anskaffningsprocessen.

För att öka förståelsen av fenomenet och sprida kunskap om ämnet, så har syftet med uppsatsen varit att analysera faktorer i anskaffningsprocessen för Role 2 medicinsk för-måga, för att leva upp till de nya kraven som ställs för att utveckla militära förmågor så-som Nordic Battle Group i en nära framtid. Detta har gjorts med stöd av teorier hämta-de från kommersiell logistik (Supply Chain Management). Metoden har varit induktive samt bygger på en fall studie av anskaffningen av den medicinska förmågan som gått under beteckningen Role 2.

Resultatet av analysen visar att det finns likheter mellan de empiriska och teoretiska ele-menten. Många av aktörerna i processen är medvetna om vad som behöver göras för att förbättra anskaffningsprocessen; emellertid finns det en del upptäckter som är värda att lyftas fram. Resultatet indikerar att mätsystem inte används som ett sätt att leda och sty-ra processer enligt respondenterna. Genom att använda olika typer av mätsystem i an-skaffningsprocessen kan försvarsmakten bättre definiera tidsåtgången för anskaffningen och på så vis indirekt förbättra anskaffningsprocessen.

Den viktigaste slutsatsen från analysen är att kompetens verkar vara den avgörande fak-torn för att öka effektiviteten i anskaffningsprocessen för att leva upp till kraven på hur nya militära förmågor såsom Nordic Battle Group skall tas fram. Det förefaller nästan som denna faktor har glömts bort eller negligerats av Försvarsmakten. För utveckla och förbättra anskaffningsprocessen rekommenderas därför att Försvarsmakten intar en se-riösare approach när det gäller specialistutbildning och utbildningsprogram inom led-ning och genomförande av logistik fram över.


Today the Swedish Armed Forces (SAF) is in a process of transformation, with the focus changing from homeland defence to more expeditionary operations. This change is being driven by a trend towards increasing international commitments. The shift from a national to an international focus has created a new set of demands on SAF which place pressure for greater efficiency on the supply chain, not least the order fulfilment process (OFP). Today material managers can have a significant impact on lead-time reduction, but often it is not clear on which aspects of the process managers should focus their efforts and capital to bring about improvements in the supply chain and the order fulfilment process.

To increase understanding of this phenomenon and spread knowledge about the subject, the purpose of this thesis has been to analyze factors in the order fulfilment process for Role 2 medical equipment, in order to meet the new demands for developing military capabilities, such as NBG, in the near future. This has been completed with the support of theory on commercial supply chain management and an inductive approach has been taken.

The results of the analysis show that there are similarities between the empirical and theoretical elements. Several actors in the process are well aware of what needs to be done to improve the OFP; hence, there are some implications worthy of emphasis. However, the results also indicate that the use of measurements is not considered as a key principle for the management of processes by the respondents. Nevertheless, by using measurements in the OFP, SAF could better define the actual order cycle time and indirectly improve the OFP.

The main conclusion from the analysis is that competence seems to be the essential factor in increasing efficiency in the OFP to meet the demand for the development of new military capabilities, such as the NBG. It almost appears that this factor has been forgotten or is being neglected by SAF. Therefore, in order to progress, and improve the OFP, it is strongly recommended that SAF takes a much more serious approach to specialized education and training programs in logistics management in the future.

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Walters, Robert G. "Order out of chaos: a study of the application of Auftragstaktik by the 11th Panzer Division during the Chir River battles 7 - 19 December 1942". Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/26144.

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Sait, Aziz. "Les prévôtés, de « la drôle de guerre » à « l'étrange défaite » (1939-1940). Personnels, missions, représentations". Thesis, Paris 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA040240.

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Dès le déclenchement de la mobilisation générale, le 2 septembre 1939, des centaines de détachements prévôtaux sont affectés aux unités françaises et aux armées alliées. Ils sont chargés, pendant les dix mois de la campagne de 1939-1940, du maintien de l’ordre sur les deux fronts métropolitains de la zone des armées : le Nord-Est et le front des Alpes. Incluse dans le système de contrainte qui pèse sur les cinq millions de mobilisés français, la gendarmerie prévôtale est appelée à remplir plusieurs missions. Elle traque les réfractaires à la mobilisation en lutant contre la désertion, les absences illégales et les violences des militaires. Elle assure également la gestion des prisons militaires tout en effectuant les transfèrements de détenus. Comme auxiliaire du commandement militaire, la prévôté veille à l’application des mesures organisant la nation en temps de guerre. Elle régule et discipline ainsi la circulation des militaires, surveille et restreint celle des civils afin de permettre la fluidité sur les routes empruntées par les troupes. La crainte d’une action subversive aux armées, amène aussi les prévôtés à prévenir et à contrecarrer les menées défaitistes. Le déclenchement des opérations actives, le 10 mai 1940, met la gendarmerie prévôtale à l’épreuve de la guerre de mouvement. Après le choc des Ardennes et la déroute des armées du Nord, elle se réorganise pour répondre aux tâches les plus urgentes : aiguiller la retraite des troupes, enrayer la panique et lutter contre les pillage. L’objectif est double : remplir une mission « ingrate » et mettre fin à la « légende noire » des prévôtés, héritée de la Première Guerre mondiale
From the launching of general mobilization, on september 2nd 1939, hundreds of provost detachments are appointed to french units and to allied armies. They are loaded, during the ten months of the campaign of 1939-1940, the maintaining of order in the two fronts of the zone of armies: the North-East and the Alps. Included in the system of constraint which weighs on the five millions French mobilized, the provost gendarmerie is called to complete several missions. It tracks down recalcitrant to the mobilization and it struggles against desertion, irregular absences and soldiers violence. She also assures the management of the military prisons and prisoners' transferences. As assistant helper of the military command, the provost gendarmerie watches in the application of measurements organizing the nation in times of war. It regulates and disciplines the circulation of the soldiers, watches and restrains that of the civilians to allow fluidity on roads borrowed by troops. The fear of a subversive action in armies, also leads provost gendarmerie to warn and to prevent led defeatists. The launching of active operations, on may 10th, 1940, puts the provost gendarmerie in the test of the war of movement. After the shock of Ardennes and the crushing defeat of the armies of the North, it reorganizes itself to answer the most urgent tasks: direct the retirement of troops, check panic and struggle against depredation. Objective is double: commit a "ungrateful" mission and put an end to the «black legend » of the provost gendarmes, inherited from the First World war
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Ostrovsky-Richard, Charlotte. "De l'événement à l'histoire. Récits et images d'actualité de la victoire de Lépante en Toscane sous le règne de Côme Ier de Médicis". Thesis, Paris 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA030150.

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Cette étude se propose d’étudier la réception de la nouvelle de la victoire de Lépante dans le grand-duché de Toscane sous le règne de Côme Ier et la transformation de l’événement d’actualité en objet historique, inscrit dans l’historiographie officielle médicéenne. La participation de la flotte toscane à la Sainte Ligue de Lépante en 1571 s’inscrit dans un contexte particulier de crise diplomatique avec le roi d’Espagne Philippe II de Habsbourg, dont la Toscane est un État vassal et dont l’autorité est de plus en plus contestée par les Médicis. Côme Ier de Médicis a vu aboutir les projets de son ambitieuse politique navale en 1560 avec la création de l’Ordre militaire marin de Santo Stefano, de sa politique dynastique en 1569 avec l’obtention, par le pape Pie V, du titre héréditaire grand-ducal, accompagné d’un contrat de collaboration militaire pour l’Ordre. La présence de la Toscane, sous la bannière pontificale, dans une coalition aussi prestigieuse que la Sainte Ligue, qui réunit Venise, l’Espagne et le pape, devrait constituer une occasion privilégiée de renforcer le discours de légitimation du principat médicéen. En effet, la victoire de Lépante constitue un événement au sens traditionnel du terme, c’est-à-dire un fait politico-militaire inattendu, éclatant, dont les représentations d’actualité cristallisent les enjeux diplomatiques du moment et dont les célébrations permettent de mettre en scène le pouvoir : plus que l’antagonisme, c’est la qualité de l’alliance qu’on lui oppose qui fait sens dans les récits et les images de Lépante. Pourtant, en Toscane, on n’assiste pas à une production aussi riche, féconde, variée et durable qu’ailleurs en Italie, notamment à Venise ou à Rome. Fidèle à sa tendance de fond qui préfère aux revendications ouvertes la discrétion et la prudence, le discours médicéen raconte une victoire de Lépante ambigüe, nuancée, comme une voix discordante au cœur du concert de célébrations qui suivent l’événement, dépassant le simple clivage des catégories de victoire et de défaite. Les représentations toscanes puisent leur matière même dans les correspondances militaires et diplomatiques des acteurs de la bataille : ils écrivent juste après l’avènement des faits, observent avec lucidité les graves disfonctionnements au sein de la Sainte Ligue, rendent compte de leur expérience concrète de la guerre et des lourdes pertes subies par l’Ordre au cours des combats. La nouvelle et les détails de la victoire se diffusent très largement grâce à une nouvelle forme éditoriale, les avvisi a stampa, des publications occasionnelles qui racontent et célèbrent la victoire. Celles qui sont publiées en Toscane révèlent des choix éditoriaux particuliers : l’imprimerie officielle grand-ducale semble vouloir ménager les susceptibilités en diffusant des versions canoniques pontificales ou espagnoles du déroulement des événements, qui ignorent la participation toscane, tandis que des récits plus favorables aux Toscans sont publiés par des typographes d’importance secondaire. Dans un troisième temps, l’événement s’inscrit dans l’historiographie officielle du régime grand-ducal ; la bataille de Lépante est traitée comme une « semi-victoire » dans un chapitre de l’Istoria de’ suoi tempi de Giovambattista Adriani, l’histoire officielle du règne de Côme ; en revanche, elle fait l’objet d’une célébration triomphale dans un cycle de fresques de Giorgio Vasari réalisé dans la Sala Regia du palais apostolique du Vatican. En effet, Côme renonce à faire représenter la victoire de Lépante à Florence, au Palazzo Vecchio, comme nombre de ses hauts faits militaires, pour envoyer l’artiste officiel de l’État opérer au service du pape, comme ambassadeur du prestige culturel de Florence : pour servir l’État , les arts seraient, en somme, bien plus efficaces que les armes
This dissertation focuses on how the news of the victory of the battle of Lepanto was received and dealt with under the rule of Cosimo I de’ Medici in the Grand Duchy of Tuscany. This approach will then highlight that, from piece of news to historical information, this event was in fact transformed and discussed by the official Medicean historiography. The Tuscan fleet joined the Holy League in 1571. This coincides with a diplomatic crisis which crystallized the Medici’s contesting the authority of King Philip II of Spain over the vassal state of Tuscany. Cosimo I de’ Medici’s ambitious naval policy led to the creation, in 1560, of the Sacred Military Order of St Stephen and when, in 1569, Pope Pius V granted him the title of Grand Duke on the grounds of hereditary right, along with a military agreement to support the Order, his dynastic policy was finally asserted. The papal banner acknowledged a prestigious alliance between the Republic of Venice, Spain and the Pope. Being part of this Holy League offered Tuscany an opportunity to legitimate the Medicean princedom. The Battle of Lepanto may be considered as an event, that is to say, an unexpected military and political fact. The representations of this brilliant victory epitomize the diplomatic stakes of the time and the way the event was celebrated highlights its power issues. In fact, in the narratives and images of the Battle, what prevails is the strength of the alliance and not what it stood up against. Yet, works dedicated to the Battle in Tuscany were not as diverse and lasting as in other parts of Italy such as Rome and Venice. Medicean historians and artists gave a nuanced version of the Battle, mirroring a general trend of discretion. Their voices thus disrupted the harmonious celebrations which came after the event and challenged the dichotomy of victory versus defeat. Tuscan representations of the event drew their inspiration from an archival material made of diplomatic and military letters. Just off the battlefield, the protagonists of the combat put their experience down into words. They exposed that the Holy League was seriously dysfunctional and gave a first-hand testimony of the war and of how heavy the losses were for the Order. The news of the victory, but also its details, quickly and widely spread thanks to avvisi a stampa, a new editorial practice consisting in occasional publications extolling the grandeur of the victory. This thesis contends that the publications in Tuscany were ruled by a particular editorialist choice. In fact, it appears that the grand-ducal official press remained neutral and published mainly canonical versions of the Battle, praising both the papal and Spanish roles, but which overlooked the Tuscan participation, whereas narratives extolling the Tuscan input in the battle were handled by minor typographers. Furthermore the event made its way into the official historiography of the grand dukedom. In a chapter from Giovambattista Adriani’s Istoria de’ suoi tempi, which relates the official history of Cosimo’s rule, the Battle of Lepanto is described as a "semi-victory". On the other hand, it was treated as a grand victory by Giorgio Vasari in the series of frescos he painted for the Sala Regia in the Vatican palace. As a matter of fact, Cosimo, instead of having the Battle, and many other of his military feats, commemorated in the Palazzo Vecchio in Florence, decided to send the official artist of the State to the Vatican as a cultural ambassador. Arts seemed a better way to serve the State than weapons
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Sait, Aziz. "Les prévôtés, de « la drôle de guerre » à « l'étrange défaite » (1939-1940). Personnels, missions, représentations". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA040240.

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Dès le déclenchement de la mobilisation générale, le 2 septembre 1939, des centaines de détachements prévôtaux sont affectés aux unités françaises et aux armées alliées. Ils sont chargés, pendant les dix mois de la campagne de 1939-1940, du maintien de l’ordre sur les deux fronts métropolitains de la zone des armées : le Nord-Est et le front des Alpes. Incluse dans le système de contrainte qui pèse sur les cinq millions de mobilisés français, la gendarmerie prévôtale est appelée à remplir plusieurs missions. Elle traque les réfractaires à la mobilisation en lutant contre la désertion, les absences illégales et les violences des militaires. Elle assure également la gestion des prisons militaires tout en effectuant les transfèrements de détenus. Comme auxiliaire du commandement militaire, la prévôté veille à l’application des mesures organisant la nation en temps de guerre. Elle régule et discipline ainsi la circulation des militaires, surveille et restreint celle des civils afin de permettre la fluidité sur les routes empruntées par les troupes. La crainte d’une action subversive aux armées, amène aussi les prévôtés à prévenir et à contrecarrer les menées défaitistes. Le déclenchement des opérations actives, le 10 mai 1940, met la gendarmerie prévôtale à l’épreuve de la guerre de mouvement. Après le choc des Ardennes et la déroute des armées du Nord, elle se réorganise pour répondre aux tâches les plus urgentes : aiguiller la retraite des troupes, enrayer la panique et lutter contre les pillage. L’objectif est double : remplir une mission « ingrate » et mettre fin à la « légende noire » des prévôtés, héritée de la Première Guerre mondiale
From the launching of general mobilization, on september 2nd 1939, hundreds of provost detachments are appointed to french units and to allied armies. They are loaded, during the ten months of the campaign of 1939-1940, the maintaining of order in the two fronts of the zone of armies: the North-East and the Alps. Included in the system of constraint which weighs on the five millions French mobilized, the provost gendarmerie is called to complete several missions. It tracks down recalcitrant to the mobilization and it struggles against desertion, irregular absences and soldiers violence. She also assures the management of the military prisons and prisoners' transferences. As assistant helper of the military command, the provost gendarmerie watches in the application of measurements organizing the nation in times of war. It regulates and disciplines the circulation of the soldiers, watches and restrains that of the civilians to allow fluidity on roads borrowed by troops. The fear of a subversive action in armies, also leads provost gendarmerie to warn and to prevent led defeatists. The launching of active operations, on may 10th, 1940, puts the provost gendarmerie in the test of the war of movement. After the shock of Ardennes and the crushing defeat of the armies of the North, it reorganizes itself to answer the most urgent tasks: direct the retirement of troops, check panic and struggle against depredation. Objective is double: commit a "ungrateful" mission and put an end to the «black legend » of the provost gendarmes, inherited from the First World war
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Serrano, Daura Josep. "Senyoriu i Municipi a la Catalunya Nova: Batllia de Miravet, Comandes d'Horta, d'Ascó i de Vilalba, i Baronies de Flix i d'Entença". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7311.

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EL OBJETO CENTRAL DE LA TESIS ES EL ESTUDIO INSTITUCIONAL DEL SEÑORIO Y EL MUNICIPIO EN UNO TERRITORIOS DE LA CATALUÑA NUEVA, CONCRETAMENTE EN LOS DISTRITOS QUE SE INDICAN EN SU TITULO. SE DIVICE EN CUATRO PARTES, CON UNA BREVE INTRODUCCION INICIAL GEOGRAFICA. LA PRIMERA PARTE SE OCUPA DEL ESTABLECIMIENTO DE LOS SEÑORIOS A PARTIR DE DIFERENTES DONACIONES DEL CONDE DE BARCELONA; LA SEGUNDA PARTE SE OCUPA DEL ORDENAMIENTO JURIDICO PROPIO DE ESOS TERRITORIOS; LA TERCERA PARTE SE DEDICA A LOS COLECTIVOS JUDIOS Y SARRACENOS QUE CONVIVEN EN ESA ZONA, Y TAMBIEN DE LOS MORISCOS; Y LA CUARTA PARTE SE CENTRA YA PROPIAMENTE EN EL ESTUDIO INSTITUCIONAL DE LOS SEÑORIOS, SU NATURALEZA Y EVOLUCION, Y DE LOS MUNICIPIOS HASTA LA EXTINCION DE AQUELLOS EN PLENO SIGLO XIX, CON ESPECIAL REFERENCIA A LAS RELACIONES ENFITEUTICO-FEUDALES QUE SE ESTABLECEN ENTRE LOS SEÑORES Y SUS VASALLOS.
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ABBIATI, MICHELE. "L'ESERCITO ITALIANO E LA CONQUISTA DELLA CATALOGNA (1808-1811).UNO STUDIO DI MILITARY EFFECTIVENESS NELL'EUROPA NAPOLEONICA". Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/491761.

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L’esercito italiano e la conquista della Catalogna (1808-1811) Uno studio di Military Effectiveness nell’Europa napoleonica Settori scientifico-disciplinari SPS/03 – M-STO/02 La ricerca ha lo scopo di ricostruire e valutare l’effettività militare dell’esercito italiano al servizio di Napoleone I. In primo luogo attraverso un’analisi statistica e strategica della costruzione, e del successivo impiego, dell’istituzione militare del Regno d’Italia durante gli anni della sua esistenza (1805-14); successivamente, è stato scelto un caso di studi particolarmente significativo, come la campagna di Catalogna (1808-11, nel contesto della guerra di Indipendenza spagnola), per poter valutare il contributo operazionale e tattico dei corpi inviati dal governo di Milano e la loro integrazione con l’apparato militare complessivo del Primo Impero. La tesi ha voluto rispondere alla mancanza di studi sul comportamento in guerra dell’esercito italiano e, allo stesso tempo, introdurre nella storiografia militare italiana la metodologia di studi, d’origine anglosassone e ormai di tradizione trentennale, di Military Effectiveness. La ricerca si è primariamente basata, oltre che sulla copiosa memorialistica a stampa italiana e francese, sulla documentazione d’archivio della Secrétairerie d’état impériale (Archives Nationales di Pierrefitte-sur-Seine, Parigi), del Ministère de la Guerre francese (Service historique de la Défence, di Vincennes, Parigi) e del Ministero della Guerra del Regno d’Italia (Archivio di Stato di Milano). Dal punto di vista dei risultati è stato possibile verificare come l’esercito italiano abbia rappresentato, per Bonaparte, uno strumento duttile e di facile impiego, pur in un contesto di sostanziale marginalità numerica complessiva di fronte alle altre (e cospicue) forze messe in campo da parte dell’Impero e dei suoi altri Stati satellite e alleati. Per quanto riguarda la campagna di conquista della Catalogna è stato invece possibile appurare il fondamentale contributo dato dal contingente italiano, sotto i punti di vista operazionale e tattico, per la buona riuscita dell’invasione; questo primariamente grazie alle elevate caratteristiche generali mostrate dallo stesso, ma anche per peculiarità disciplinari e organizzative che resero i corpi italiani adatti a operazioni particolarmente aggressive.
The Italian Army and the Conquest of Catalonia (1808-1811) A Study of Military Effectiveness in Napoleonic Europe Academic Fields and Disciplines SPS/03 – M-STO/02 The research has the purpose of reconstruct and evaluate the military effectiveness of the Italian Army existed under the reign of Napoleon I. Firstly through a statistic and strategic analysis of the development, and the following deployment, of the military institution of the Kingdom of Italy in the years of its existence (1805-14). Afterwards, a particularly significant case study was chosen, as the campaign of Catalonia (1808-11, in the context of the Peninsular War), in order to assess the operational and tactical contribution of the regiments sent by the Government of Milan and their integration in the overall military apparatus of the First Empire. The thesis wanted to respond to the lack of studies on the Italian army’s behavior in war and, at the same time, to introduce the methodology of the Military Effectiveness Studies (of British and American origin and, by now, enriched by a thirty-year old tradition) in the Italian historiography. The research is primarily based, besides the numerous memoirs of the Italian and French veterans, on the archive documentation of the Secrétairerie d’état impériale (Archives Nationales of Pierrefitte-sur-Seine, Paris), of the French Ministère de la Guerre (Service historique de la Défence, of Vincennes, Paris) and of the Italian Ministero della Guerra (Archivio di Stato di Milano). About the results, it has been verified how the Italian army has become a flexible and suitable instrument for Bonaparte, albeit in a context of substantial overall numerical marginality in comparison to the heterogeneous forces available to the Empire and its others satellites and allied states. Regarding the campaign of Catalonia, instead, it was possible to ascertain the fundamental contribution of the Italian regiments, in an operational and tactical perspective, for the success of the invasion. This was primarily due to the excellent general characteristics shown by the expeditionary force, but also to disciplinary and organizational peculiarities that have made the Italian corps suitable for particularly aggressive operations.
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Askari, Nasrin. "The Medieval Reception of Firdausī's Shāhnāma: The Ardashīr Cycle as a Mirror for Princes". Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/35768.

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Based on a broad survey of the reception of Firdausī’s Shāhnāma in medieval times, this dissertation argues that Firdausī’s oeuvre was primarily perceived as a book of wisdom and advice for kings and courtly élites. The medieval reception of the Shāhnāma is clearly manifested in the comments of medieval authors about Firdausī and his work, and in their use of the Shāhnāma in the composition of their own works. The production of ikhtiyārāt-i Shāhnāmas (selections from the Shāhnāma) in medieval times and the remarkable attention of the authors of mirrors for princes to Firdausī’s opus are particularly illuminating in this regard. The survey is complemented by a close textual reading of the Ardashīr cycle in the Shāhnāma in comparison with other medieval historical accounts about Ardashīr, in order to illustrate how history in the Shāhnāma is reduced to only a framework for the presentation of ideas and ideals of kingship. Based on ancient Persian beliefs regarding the ideal state of the world, I argue that Ardashīr in the Shāhnāma is represented as a Saviour of the world. Within this context, I offer new interpretations of the symbolic tale of Ardashīr’s fight against a giant worm, and explain why the idea of the union of kingship and religion, a major topic in almost all medieval Persian mirrors for princes, has often been attributed to Ardashīr. Finally, I compare the Ardashīr cycle in the Shāhnāma with nine medieval Persian mirrors for princes to demonstrate that the ethico-political concepts contained in them, as well as the portrayal of Ardashīr, remain more or less the same in all these works. Study of the Shāhnāma as a mirror for princes, as this study shows, not only reveals the meaning of its symbolic tales, but also sheds light on the pre-Islamic roots of some of the ethico-political concepts presented in the medieval Perso-Islamic literature of wisdom and advice for kings and courtiers.
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Libros sobre el tema "Orders of battle"

1

Joslen, H. F. Orders of battle: Second World War 1939-1945. London: London Stamp Exchange, 1990.

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Cron, Hermann. Imperial German Army, 1914-18: Organisation, structure, orders of battle. Solihull, West Midlands, England: Helion, 2002.

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Rottman, Gordon L. US Marine Corps Pacific Theater of Operations 1941-43 (Battle Orders). Oxford, United Kingdom: Osprey Publishing, 2004.

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A, Miller James. Hitler's orders of battle: The key commanders, headquarters, divisions, and European allies. Raleigh, North Carolina]: Lulu.com, 2007.

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W, Brown J. Unit organizations and orders of battle of the great armies of Europe, 1853-1870. Minneapolis, MN: Absinthe Press, 1994.

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Kuhlman, Charles. Legend into history ; and, Did Custer disobey orders at the Battle of the Little Big Horn? Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 1994.

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Museo nazionale di Castel Sant'Angelo, ed. Monaci in armi: Gli ordini religioso-militari dai Templari alla Battaglia di Lepanto : storia ed arte. Roma]: Retablo, 2004.

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Len, Whittaker, ed. Stand down: Orders of battle for the units of the Home Guard of the United Kingdom, November 1944. Newport: Ray Westlake Military Books, 1990.

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Great Sioux War orders of battle: How the United States Army waged war on the Northern Plains, 1876-1877. Norman, Okla: Arthur H. Clark Co., an imprint of the University of Oklahoma Press, 2011.

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Zaloga, Steven J. US Armored Divisions: The European Theater of Operations, 1944-45. Oxford, United Kingdom: Osprey Publishing, 2004.

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Capítulos de libros sobre el tema "Orders of battle"

1

Reeth, Allan. "Ordeal of Battle". En Political Future Fiction Vol 2, 154–56. London: Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003551607-42.

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Davis, Melton S. "The Order of Battle". En Who Defends Rome?, 382–88. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003213314-37.

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Bhattacharyya, Bharati y B. M. Johri. "Order Batales". En Flowering Plants, 226–27. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-11754-5_27.

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Till, Geoffrey. "The Changing Dynamics of Seapower and Concepts of Battle". En International Order at Sea, 177–97. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-58663-6_8.

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Friedman, Jerome. "Order Within the Universe: The Rebellion Against Charles". En The Battle of the Frog’s and Fairford’s Flies, 19–40. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-10052-8_2.

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"ORDERS OF BATTLE". En July 22, 315–30. University Press of Kansas, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/jj.10405503.20.

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"On Orders of Battle". En Guibert’s <i>General Essay on Tactics</i>, 189–91. BRILL, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004498211_043.

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"Appendix B1. Battle Operational Orders". En The Shiny Seventh, 164–223. Boydell and Brewer, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781800107700-008.

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Osiel, Mark J. "Cold Hearts and the Heat of Battle: Atrocity from Above or from Below?" En Obeying Orders, 173–86. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315125442-11.

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"Orders of Battle: 1926, 1934 and 1936". En Growth of Fighter Command, 1936-1940, 150–51. Routledge, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315038636-25.

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Actas de conferencias sobre el tema "Orders of battle"

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Желязкова, Веселка. "Артефакти за Кирил и Методий в Националния военно-исторически музей". En Кирило-методиевски места на паметта в българската култура. Кирило-Методиевски научен център, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.59076/5808.2023.12.

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ARTEFACTS ABOUT CYRIL AND METHODIUS AT THE NATIONAL MUSEUM OF MILITARY HISTORY (Summary) The article describes artefacts from the collection of the National Museum of Military History in Sofia, which reveal the place of Cyril and Methodius in the cultural memory of Bulgarians. Three battle flags are represented – the Samara flag (1876), the main flag of the Macedonian-Adrianopolitan Volunteer Corps (1912), the flag of the 3rd Thessaloniki Battalion of the Macedonian-Adrianopolitan Volunteer Corps (1912). Bulgarian orders, medals and badges with the images of the Slavic first teachers are also presented, among which is the order “Saints Equal to Apostles Cyril and Methodius” – the highest decoration in the Kingdom of Bulgaria and a dynastic order of the Bulgarian kings.
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Carlotto, Mark J., Mark A. Nebrich y David Crary. "Order of battle change detection, fusion, and tracking". En AeroSense 2002, editado por Ivan Kadar. SPIE, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.477615.

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Nottegar, M., T. Gauthier, S. Pakianathan y Y. Lamontagne. "ROYAL CANADIAN NAVY - FIGHTING THE INTERNAL BATTLE WITH A BATTLE DAMAGE CONTROL SYSTEM AND EMBEDDED KILL CARDS". En 14th International Naval Engineering Conference and Exhibition. IMarEST, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.24868/issn.2515-818x.2018.026.

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Naval ships are designed for deployment in extreme and dangerous environments. In order to meet their external battle requirements and achieve mission success naval ships must maintain their ability to Float, Move and Fight. All actions taken to contain and prosecute damage, and repair and restore the capability to support the External Battle are recoverability actions and form what is called the Internal Battle. Through the ongoing development of a Battle Damage Control System and embedded Kill Cards the Internal Battle is better prosecuted through improved picture compilation, system monitoring plus personnel accountability.
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KLOS, KEVIN. "Electronic order of battle in a real-time multiple engagement simulation". En Flight Simulation Technologies Conference and Exhibit. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1989-3314.

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Gu, Yin, Kai Zhang, Qi Liu, Xin Lin, Zhenya Huang y Enhong Chen. "MassNE: Exploring Higher-Order Interactions with Marginal Effect for Massive Battle Outcome Prediction". En WWW '23: The ACM Web Conference 2023. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3543507.3583390.

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Sarigul-Klijn, Nesrin, Israel Lopez y Seung-Il Baek. "Scaled Acoustics Experiments and Vibration Prediction Based Structural Health Monitoring". En ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-68613.

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Vibration and acoustic-based health monitoring techniques are presented to monitor structural health under dynamic environment. In order to extract damage sensitive features, linear and nonlinear dimensional reduction techniques are applied and compared. First, a vibration numerical study based on the damage index method is used to provide both location and severity of impact damage. Next, controlled scaled experimental measurements are taken to investigate the aeroacoustic properties of sub-scale wings under known damage conditions. The aeroacoustic nature of the flow field in and around generic aircraft wing damage is determined to characterize the physical mechanism of noise generated by the damage and its applicability to battle damage detection. Simulated battle damage is investigated using a baseline, and two damage models introduced; namely, (1) an undamaged wing as baseline, (2) chordwise-spanwise-partial-penetration (SCPP), and (3) spanwise-chordwise-full-penetration (SCFP). Dimensional reduction techniques are employed to extract time-frequency domain features, which can be used to detect the presence of structural damage. Results are given to illustrate effectiveness of this approach.
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Badea, Dorel y Lucian Ispas. "THE INTEGRATION INTO THE THE COLLECTIVE TRAINING OF PRACTICAL AND THEORETICAL APPROACHES ABOUT GAME AND SIMULATION IN ORDER TO DESIGN A LABORATORY FOR THE URBAN COMBAT". En eLSE 2014. Editura Universitatii Nationale de Aparare "Carol I", 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-14-046.

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The article presents the essential coordinates concerning the achievement of feasible versions (from a constructive and functional point of view) of a laboratory for urban operations, with high potential for implementation in military higher education institutions. Are envisaged data to identify the optimal correlation (in terms of technical, systemic and operational views) between game and simulation, applicable in the military field and a comparative study of the variants of dedicated software and simulators (based on the use of available weapons) existing on the specialized market for military and / or civilian use. The domain of modeling military actions used in the instruction, which combines judiciously the advantages of game and simulation, addressed both theoretically and practically, starting from the common points (resources, rules, actors) is a modern, into the complete agreement with the requirements of demands based society knowledge, less exploited at national level but having a great potential to transform and implicitly to adapt land forces to the demands and challenges of the new security environment. The main novelty lies in the implementation of some technologies and methodologies specific to the simulation in educational military processes. Article aims partial representation (based on documented analysis which produces the essential elements) of the specific realities of urban battle in which fundamental features are selected (replicas of weapons and building infrastructure elements) of a situation that will be played by the group of military students involved in a training situation. This operational model ensures reduction and representation of a more complex system that allows experimentation in a direct manner, minimizing physical risks possible (wearing appropriate protective equipment) but maximizing awareness of the associated risks with these types of battle procedures.
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Simpson, Z., N. Janse van Rensburg y M. van Ryneveld. "Developing Students as Higher-Order Thinkers: Analyzing Student Performance Against Levels of Cognitive Demand in a Material Science Course". En ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-37652.

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Today’s increasingly complex engineering workplace demands skill in evaluation, reasoning and critical thinking; however, engineering curricula often test lower-order learning at the expense of higher-order reasoning. This paper analyzes the level of cognitive demand in a course on Material Science in the Department of Mechanical Engineering Science at the University of Johannesburg, South Africa. This is done by applying Biggs’ SOLO taxonomy to classify test and exam questions in the course and then analyzing student performance against this taxonomy of higher- and lower-order learning. The results demonstrate that many students battle with questions that require extended abstract reasoning (argument, evaluation, hypothesizing and generalization). Similarly, relational thinking (through comparison, contrast, application and so on) proves to be a significant problem for weaker students. The paper recommends that engineering lecturers build higher-order thinking into course outcomes, teaching and assessment and that engineering qualifications work systematically towards developing students as higher-order thinkers.
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Loinjak, Igor. "POWER AS THE FOUNDATION OF CULTURAL CAPITAL AND A PREREQUISITE IN CREATING THE VALUE OF AN ARTWORK". En European realities - Power : 5th International Scientific Conference. Academy of Arts and Culture in Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.59014/mhjv1841.

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In his studious analysis of art in the context of its status and social function, French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu analyzed the problem of the distribution of power within the area that he refers to as the “field of art”. The habitus of the protagonists active in this field plays a decisive role in it, determining the perception of the value of artwork. The interests maintaining the field dynamics are essential elements of any field, making the field a battleground in which various interests battle for domination, nevertheless presupposing a consensus between the participants in the battle and their roles. Bourdieu, like Weber, believes that any social action is based on the interests of social protagonists, because no one will engage in something that has no material or ideal value and does not include a certain motive or profit, which does not necessarily have to be economic. Furthermore, aesthetic conflicts in the field of art often have a political dimension and are merely an embellished form of the battle fought in order to impose the dominant vision of the social reality on others. The field is an imaginary space where the real social power is generated. It is superior to the concept of institution, because institutions imply consensual relations within the society, while the field also includes phenomena that are not institutionalized or defined by firm boundaries at the given moment. The objective of this study is to analyze the role of critics and other protagonists in the field of art in the process of shaping values in visual arts, and to show the importance of power in the formation of symbolic capital in a broader cultural context. For the purposes of this research, the author will use the methodology that Bourdieu applies to literature in his book The Rules of Art, whose main theses help us better understand the economic, symbolic and cultural relationships in the fields of visual arts, with an emphasis on the situation in Croatia after the war.
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Nita, Mircea aurel. "TRANSDISCIPLINARITY IN COMMUNICATION IN ORDER TO DEVELOP A NEW E-LEARNING EDUCATION". En eLSE 2013. Carol I National Defence University Publishing House, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-13-078.

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This paper aims to target the human resources from the point of view for personal development within a new education. Why do we need to change the paradigm by this paper? In order to develop a new range of perceptions for our mental operations. To apply the levels of reality and operations of the Human Mind is essential for a new education in Middle School and University, being the background of the future human evolution. Developing the intuition becomes easy by accepting the dualism of the mind and the transition from an opaque mind to a permissive one, thus towards a new knowledge. Transdisciplinary approach within communication together with interdisciplinary quantum approach, such as energetical-vibrational-informational one, represents logic-rational algorithm for changing the way of thinking and teaching in order to assure the evolution by transcending the intellectual knowledge. Coming back to the classical definition of communication, it reveals the key-aspect of the process: transfer of information and vibration that includes energy aspect from a transmitter to a receiver and. Either we talk about interpersonal communication, for example verbal communication, non-verbal, para-verbal, sensory or extrasensory communication, any classification takes into account a key-aspect: decoding consciously or not the information received from the outside or inside environment. Later on, it is found that the outside is a mirror of the inside! Transdisciplinarity, besides integration of dualism and the generalization of quantum physics, is a way to evolution towards a new unitary knowledge and a change in the pattern of thinking and living oriented towards getting rid of Ignorance. The state of awareness is perceived as corresponding to a certain level of evolution of each person and has as engine the process of acquiring consciousness over the different reality levels in which we operate; The generalization of the paradigm based on different reality levels helps us to integrate among normal people also those so called "paranormal"; they are in fact as normal as we are, only that they have fought and won over in the battle against ignorance.
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Informes sobre el tema "Orders of battle"

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Nagy, Stephen. Battle for ideas will shape new global order. Editado por Charis Palmer. Monash University, mayo de 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54377/0e1a-fe5e.

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Clay, Steven E. US Army Order of Battle 1919-1941. Volume 1. The Arms: Major Commands and Infantry Organizations, 1919-41. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, enero de 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada562275.

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Clay, Steven E. US Army Order of Battle 1919-1941. Volume 2. The Arms: Calvary, Field Artillery, and Coast Artillery, 1919-41. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, enero de 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada562276.

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Clay, Steven E. US Army Order of Battle 1919-1941. Volume 3. The Services: Air Service, Engineers, and Special Troops, 1919-41. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, enero de 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada562278.

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Clay, Steven E. US Army Order of Battle 1919-1941. Volume 4. The Services: Quartermaster, Medical, Military Police, Signal Corps, Chemical Warfare, and Miscellaneous Organizations, 1919-41. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, enero de 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada562277.

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L51518 Outside Force Defect Behavior. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), agosto de 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010200.

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Damage that occurs in post-hydrotest operations, such as third party contractors hitting the pipeline with mechanical equipment at a later date, clearly cannot be removed by the hydrotest and may cause failure at the time the damage occurs or at some later time depending on the defect severity and the service conditions. Damage induced while a line is in service, such as during pipeline repair or from miscellaneous nearby construction, presents the most common type of service defect and potentially the most hazardous. Therefore, it is desirable to determine the severity of such defects in order to assess the serviceability of the damaged area (and thus avoid costly downtime). Understanding the basic mechanisms of mechanical damage failure also will assist in specifying fracture toughness requirements for future line pipe steels. The specific objective of this research is to develop a means of assessing the severity of mechanical damage defects and the effect of fracture toughness in resisting the failure of these defect types. Prior research studies provide in-depth consideration of the separate effects of plain dents and simulated gouges (sharp machine surface flaws with negligible indentation) on gas line pipe integrity. The failure characteristics of such defects are well understood. Recent studies on mechanical damage have concentrated on the complex behavior of a localized gouge within a dent, the most typical form of damage that occurs in the industry. However, these experimental studies were hampered in that the defect combinations had to be introduced into the pipe test section at ambient pressure in order to produce adequate repeatability. The past research has been included for completeness. The most recent research differs from past work in that the effects of dynamically produced dent-and-gouge defects in line pipe under pressure are studied. This provides a more realistic representation of the type of outside force damage that occurs in service. Nearly all research on this subject has been conducted at two laboratories, at the Battelle Columbus Division and at British Gas Corporation research facilities at Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Great Britain. British Gas conducted most of their research using rings cut from pipe, damaged, and then tested on a ring yield-test-machine, using the same type of ring tester used by pipe mills to determine pipe yield strength. British Gas also conducted tests on pipe that was damaged while not pressurized and later on pressurized and damaged pipe. Battelle's efforts involved pipe testing both on pipes that were damaged and then pressured to failure and on pipes damaged while pressurized. It is believed that gouge length is a strong influencing parameter, and it is not possible to use gouge length as a variable in the ring test method.
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