Artículos de revistas: "Optimisation du routage"

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Sasse, Jana, Malte Schön y Christian Hopmann. "Static Mixers Producible by Additive Manufacturing: Novel Rapid Automatic Optimisation and Practical Evaluation". Polymers 14, n.º 21 (1 de noviembre de 2022): 4646. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14214646.

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In the extrusion of plastics, the thermal and material homogeneity of the plastic melt at the die entry are of high importance for the extrudate quality. While static mixers are widely used to improve the melt homogeneity, previous attempts at optimisation for reduced pressure loss and improved mixing had to be performed by hand and human experience, limiting the degrees of freedom and efficiency. A new automatic optimisation method based on the open source software OpenFOAM was developed. Using immersed boundary methods, new target functions in the pre-existing routine adjointShapeOptimizationFoam and an additional algorithm checking the suitability for additive manufacturing and fixing the geometry during run-time is presented. The new algorithm is used to optimise an existing static mixer based on an X-type geometry with integrated oil channels, maximising the heat exchange between oil and melt. Based on the results of these simulative optimisations, the best candidates were manufactured using selective laser melting and experimental trials were run. Experimental validation shows that with our optimisation algorithm, a pressure loss reduction of 10% could be achieved. The core melt temperature was reduced by 6 ∘C, improving the thermal homogenisation as well. While the main advantage of this method is the rapid optimisation taking the operating point into account, the trials also showed positive results in off-design operating points. This allows the low-cost design and manufacture of individualised static mixers.

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Şugar Gabor, O., A. Koreanschi y R. M. Botez. "Analysis of UAS-S4 Éhecatl aerodynamic performance improvement using several configurations of a morphing wing technology". Aeronautical Journal 120, n.º 1231 (7 de junio de 2016): 1337–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aer.2016.61.

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ABSTRACTThe paper presents the results of the aerodynamic optimisation of an Unmanned Aerial System's wing using a morphing approach. The shape deformation of the wing is achieved by placing actuator lines at several positions along its span. For each flight condition, the optimal displacements are found by using a combination of the new Artificial Bee Colony algorithm and a classical gradient-based search routine. The wing aerodynamic characteristics are calculated with an efficient nonlinear lifting line method coupled with a two-dimensional viscous flow solver. The optimisations are performed at angles of attack below the maximum lift angle, with the aim of improving the Hydra Technologies UAS-S4 wing lift-to-drag ratio. Several configurations of the morphing wing are proposed, each with a different number of actuation lines, and the improvements obtained by these configurations are analysed and compared.

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Yang, Z., D. G. Crosby y A. K. Khurana. "MULTIVARIATE OPTIMISATION OF HYDRAULIC FRACTURE DESIGN". APPEA Journal 36, n.º 1 (1996): 516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj95029.

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This paper presents a detailed description of a true multivariate optimisation routine for the design of hydraulic fractures. Using the Sequential Unconstrained Minimisation Technique, the optimisation routine intelligently searches for the optimum combination of operator-controllable hydraulic fracture treatment parameters, as opposed to existing simple iterative schemes. Net Present Value (NPV) was used as a measure of the economic impact of hydraulic fracture design on incremental reservoir production revenue. The effects of individual treatment parameters on incremental NPV were investigated for a hypothetical well. The results showed that there was an optimum value for each of the treatment parameters: injection period, injection rate and proppant concentration. For the same hypothetical well, contours of incremental NPV vs two fracture treatment parameters (injection period/injection rate and injection period/proppant concentration) were also constructed. These contours were smooth and continuous and did not show multiple extreme value points. These observations imply that there should be no obvious barriers to the estimation of the optimal hydraulic fracture design using the optimisation routine. Indeed, through visual inspection of the contours in the case of 2 treatment parameters, the optimisation routine consistently arrived at the optimum solution for a given set of inputs. The optimisation routine was extended to 3 treatment parameters (injection period, rate, and proppant concentration) and again consistently arrived at the same optimum solution with different starting positions. The optimisation routine can be extended to any number of operator controllable treatment parameters.

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4

Read, Nathaniel y Eugene Shwageraus. "APPLICATION OF TWO STAGE METHOD OF CHARACTERISTICS / SP3 METHODOLOGY TO TRISO-FUELLED LEU SPACE REACTOR IN WIMS 11". EPJ Web of Conferences 247 (2021): 01009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202124701009.

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In order to minimise the mass of a 1MWe LEU space fission power system design, a rapid neutronics analysis tool is sought. A two-stage deterministic analysis routine has been constructed using a core-plane method of characteristics calculation followed by a full-core SP3 calculation, within the ANSWERS© code WIMS11. This is compared to a faster route that skips the core-plane calculation and also the Monte Carlo code Serpent. Results suggest sufficiently good agreement for the WIMS-based methods to be useful in a full system mass-minimising optimisation routine.

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Ramtake, Dhammpal, Sanjay Kumar y V. K. Patle. "Route Optimisation byAnt Colony OptimisationTechnique". Procedia Computer Science 92 (2016): 48–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2016.07.322.

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Mezitis, Mareks, Arpabekov Muratbek, Zura Sansyzbayeva y Alimzhan Assiltayev. "Enhancing effectiveness of use of the rolling stock through route optimisation". AUTOBUSY – Technika, Eksploatacja, Systemy Transportowe 19, n.º 12 (31 de diciembre de 2018): 808–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/atest.2018.502.

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The article deals with issues of enhancing efficient use of the rolling stock of urban passenger transport through route optimisation. The authors offer to upgrade urban route network opt for: optimisation of routing system. In order to streamline passenger transport performance, the authors propose to calculate transport route schemes by applying economically mathematical methods of planning.

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Li, Jialu. "Research on Route Optimization of RO-Ro Ship Based on Ant Colony Algorithm". Applied and Computational Engineering 110, n.º 1 (6 de diciembre de 2024): 201–11. https://doi.org/10.54254/2755-2721/2024.melb18117.

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This study is based on an ant colony algorithm for route optimisation of roll-on roll-off (RO-RO) vessels, aiming to minimise the total cost of RO-RO shipping routes. The model takes into account factors such as port berthing cost, fuel consumption and sailing time, and ensures the stability and efficiency of the optimisation results by adjusting the algorithm parameters such as pheromone initialisation, pheromone evaporation rate and ant colony size. The results of the study provide a practical solution for ro-ro ship route optimisation, which significantly reduces the operating costs and also provides key technical support for shipping companies to compete in the global market. In addition, the study demonstrates the potential of the optimisation model to reduce transport costs, improve shipping efficiency and reduce carbon emissions, providing an effective technical support for shipping companies in an increasingly competitive global market. Through this optimisation approach, shipping companies are able to better manage their route selection, resource allocation and operational processes, enhancing market competitiveness and promoting sustainable development of the shipping industry.

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Lombardi, G. y A. Vicini. "Induced drag prediction for wing-tail and canard configurations through numerical optimisation". Aeronautical Journal 98, n.º 976 (julio de 1994): 199–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001924000049733.

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Abstract A computational procedure has been developed in order to predict aerodynamic interference between lifting surfaces, and to devise configurations which best meet given aerodynamic requirements. The procedure, which couples an aerodynamic solver with a numerical optimisation routine, is useful in the preliminary design of aircraft. The essential features of the aerodynamic code and of the optimisation routine are described, along with the coupling criteria. Some of the most significant predictions obtained in induced-drag minimisation for wing-tail and canard configurations are described and discussed.

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9

John, Jacob y S. Sakthivel. "Brain Storm Water Optimisation-Driven Secure Multicast Routing and Route Maintenance in IoT". Journal of Information & Knowledge Management 20, Supp01 (febrero de 2021): 2140010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219649221400104.

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In several Internet of Things (IoT) applications, messages are disseminated to some objects or nodes based on multicast transmissions. However, previous multicast routing schemes in IoT focussed mainly on the ad-hoc sensor network, but they are not robust and responsive in the IoT environment. Hence, this paper introduces the multicast routing protocol based on the proposed optimisation algorithm, named Brain Storm Water Optimisation (BSWO), in the IoT network. By the multicast routing protocol, the multicast path is designed from a multicast source node to various destinations. The multicast source node forwards packet to multiple destinations simultaneously. Initially, the nodes in the IoT network are simulated together and perform the multicast routing process effectively using the proposed optimisation framework. The multicast routing protocol performs the multicast routing mechanism using the multiobjective factors, such as distance, delay, energy, link-quality factor and trust. The multicast routing path is effectively chosen based on the developed BSWO through fitness measures. The proposed BSWO is designed by integrating the Brain Storm Optimisation (BSO) and Water Wave Optimisation (WWO), respectively. The path with the minimum distance is selected as an optimal path using the fitness parameters like delay, distance, trust, energy and link-quality factor. The proposed optimisation algorithm effectively performs the multicast routing mechanism by integrating the parametric features from both the optimisation algorithms. Once the multicast routing mechanism is done, the route maintenance process is carried out in the simulated IoT network to recover the link breakage. The proposed BSWO outperformed other methods with the minimal delay of 0.0682[Formula: see text]s, minimal average routing distance of 178.4[Formula: see text]m, maximal energy of 39.59[Formula: see text]J, maximal throughput of 87.75% and maximal trust of 90%, respectively.

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Shahpar, S. "Challenges to overcome for routine usage of automatic optimisation in the propulsion industry". Aeronautical Journal 115, n.º 1172 (octubre de 2011): 615–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001924000006308.

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Abstract In industry, there is an ever-increasing requirement not only to design high performance new products but also to deliver them at lower cost and in shorter time. To meet these demanding engineering challenges, it is not sufficient to treat the different disciplines involved in a product design in isolation; rather they must be considered together as an integrated system that reflects the dependencies and interactions of the different disciplines. The design process must be automated to meet the stringent design time-lines. In spite of promising forays for over a decade, automatic design optimisation (ADO) and multidisciplinary optimisation (MDO) has not been widely adapted by the Turbomachinery design practitioners. This presentation will explore some of the technical and nontechnical barriers such as cultural and organisational issues that must be addressed if ADO/MDO is to be used routinely in industry. Some recent, successful application of automatic optimisation is also reported herein.

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Caraffini, Fabio y Giovanni Iacca. "The SOS Platform: Designing, Tuning and Statistically Benchmarking Optimisation Algorithms". Mathematics 8, n.º 5 (13 de mayo de 2020): 785. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math8050785.

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We present Stochastic Optimisation Software (SOS), a Java platform facilitating the algorithmic design process and the evaluation of metaheuristic optimisation algorithms. SOS reduces the burden of coding miscellaneous methods for dealing with several bothersome and time-demanding tasks such as parameter tuning, implementation of comparison algorithms and testbed problems, collecting and processing data to display results, measuring algorithmic overhead, etc. SOS provides numerous off-the-shelf methods including: (1) customised implementations of statistical tests, such as the Wilcoxon rank-sum test and the Holm–Bonferroni procedure, for comparing the performances of optimisation algorithms and automatically generating result tables in PDF and LATEX formats; (2) the implementation of an original advanced statistical routine for accurately comparing couples of stochastic optimisation algorithms; (3) the implementation of a novel testbed suite for continuous optimisation, derived from the IEEE CEC 2014 benchmark, allowing for controlled activation of the rotation on each testbed function. Moreover, we briefly comment on the current state of the literature in stochastic optimisation and highlight similarities shared by modern metaheuristics inspired by nature. We argue that the vast majority of these algorithms are simply a reformulation of the same methods and that metaheuristics for optimisation should be simply treated as stochastic processes with less emphasis on the inspiring metaphor behind them.

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12

Reuschel, D. y C. Mattheck. "Three-dimensional fibre optimisation with computer aided internal optimisation". Aeronautical Journal 103, n.º 1027 (septiembre de 1999): 415–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001924000027962.

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Abstract Big efforts have been made to optimise the behaviour and the properties of fibre reinforced materials. The fibre-matrix bonding, the influence of the fibre-matrix content and many other relations of several systems have been intensively investigated. Nevertheless, the arrangement of the fibres within a structure was a neglected subject of research. CAIO (computer aided internal optimisation) was developed to predict the optimal arrangement of fibres for given load and boundary conditions. The mechanism of the method has been adapted from biological structures. CAIO is based on the finite elements method (FEM). In a first step the force flow of a structure is calculated by using FEM. The CAIO routine changes orientation of orthotropic axes into the directions of force flow with respect to the FE-results. A following stress analysis leads to a reduced shear stress distribution. The optimum fibre arrangement is calculated by an automatically iterative process of alternating FE-run and CAIO calculation. The latest version of CAIO allows the calculation of the optimum fibre arrangement in three-dimensional shell structures as well as in three-dimensional volume structures.

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Wuyts, Véronique, Nancy H. C. Roosens, Sophie Bertrand, Kathleen Marchal y Sigrid C. J. De Keersmaecker. "Guidelines for Optimisation of a Multiplex Oligonucleotide Ligation-PCR for Characterisation of Microbial Pathogens in a Microsphere Suspension Array". BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/790170.

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With multiplex oligonucleotide ligation-PCR (MOL-PCR) different molecular markers can be simultaneously analysed in a single assay and high levels of multiplexing can be achieved in high-throughput format. As such, MOL-PCR is a convenient solution for microbial detection and identification assays where many markers should be analysed, including for routine further characterisation of an identified microbial pathogenic isolate. For an assay aimed at routine use, optimisation in terms of differentiation between positive and negative results and of cost and effort is indispensable. As MOL-PCR includes a multiplex ligation step, followed by a singleplex PCR and analysis with microspheres on a Luminex device, several parameters are accessible for optimisation. Although MOL-PCR performance may be influenced by the markers used in the assay and the targeted bacterial species, evaluation of the method of DNA isolation, the probe concentration, the amount of microspheres, and the concentration of reporter dye is advisable in the development of any MOL-PCR assay. Therefore, we here describe our observations made during the optimisation of a 20-plex MOL-PCR assay for subtyping ofSalmonellaTyphimurium with the aim to provide a possible workflow as guidance for the development and optimisation of a MOL-PCR assay for the characterisation of other microbial pathogens.

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14

Izzah, Nurul y Asri Barokatul Jannah. "Optimisation of Evacuation Route Determination in an Earthquake Natural Disaster Scenario Using an Excel Solver". Journal of Computer Science Advancements 1, n.º 6 (23 de julio de 2024): 259–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.70177/jsca.v1i6.1132.

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Earthquake natural disasters can cause significant infrastructure damage, hindering community access and mobility. In such a situation, determining the shortest path for evacuation becomes very important. This research uses linear programming by utilising Excel Solver to determine the shortest evacuation route for earthquake natural disasters. Excel Solver is a feature in Microsoft Excel that serves as an analytical tool to solve linear optimisation problems. Excel solver can be used to find solutions that maximise or minimise the objective function, with respect to predetermined constraints. This research utilises relevant earthquake natural disaster simulation data as constraints in the optimisation model. The results show that the model can generate shortest paths that fulfil various constraints and criteria. The model can also be used to predict the time required to reach the destination. This research makes an important contribution to the development of tools and methods for shortest path optimisation in natural disaster scenarios. The optimisation model developed in this research can be used to assist decision makers in improving the efficiency and effectiveness of evacuation and disaster relief operations.

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15

WANG, Zeyu, Fujian CHEN y Chengcheng MO. "Optimisation Methods for Cold Chain Logistics Path Considering Carbon Emission Costs in Time-Varying Networks". Promet - Traffic&Transportation 36, n.º 6 (20 de diciembre de 2024): 1103–19. https://doi.org/10.7307/ptt.v36i6.735.

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With the escalating global climate change, the cost of carbon emissions has become a crucial metric for evaluating the sustainability of logistics systems. This study addresses the optimisation of cold chain logistics routes in a time-varying network environment, considering the carbon emission cost factor, and proposes an enhanced particle swarm optimisation algorithm to solve this optimisation problem. Firstly, we establish a cold chain logistics optimisation model that incorporates the time-varying network, integrating logistics route planning with carbon emission costs. Subsequently, we design an improved particle swarm optimisation algorithm suitable for time-varying networks. This algorithm optimises vehicle routes and adjusts delivery times to minimise the total cost incurred during distribution. Finally, through simulation experiments, we analyse the impact of vehicle speeds and carbon trading mechanisms on optimisation outcomes. The results demonstrate that this method effectively optimises cold chain logistics routes, considering real network conditions and environmental factors, thereby reducing delivery costs and carbon emissions.

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Fairil, Ahan y Imam Tobroni. "Geographic Information System for Shortest Route Search for Clinics in Pamekasan Regency Using the Djikstra Method". Journal of Computer Science Advancements 1, n.º 6 (5 de agosto de 2024): 268–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.70177/jsca.v1i6.1140.

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Earthquake natural disasters can cause significant infrastructure damage, hindering community access and mobility. In such a situation, determining the shortest path for evacuation becomes very important. This research uses linear programming by utilising Excel Solver to determine the shortest evacuation route for earthquake natural disasters. Excel Solver is a feature in Microsoft Excel that serves as an analytical tool to solve linear optimisation problems. Excel solver can be used to find solutions that maximise or minimise the objective function, with respect to predetermined constraints. This research utilises relevant earthquake natural disaster simulation data as constraints in the optimisation model. The results show that the model can generate shortest paths that fulfil various constraints and criteria. The model can also be used to predict the time required to reach the destination. This research makes an important contribution to the development of tools and methods for shortest path optimisation in natural disaster scenarios. The optimisation model developed in this research can be used to assist decision makers in improving the efficiency and effectiveness of evacuation and disaster relief operations.

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Hopkins, S. C., K. S. Tan, B. A. Glowacki, A. Szulczyk y H. Krauth. "Computerised optimisation of bronze route Nb3Sn conductors". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 43 (1 de junio de 2006): 35–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/43/1/009.

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Prananta, Bimo, Toni Kanakis, Jos Vankan y Rien van Houten. "Model updating of finite element model using optimisation routine". Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 88, n.º 5 (5 de septiembre de 2016): 665–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aeat-02-2015-0064.

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Purpose The present paper aims to describe the model updating of a small aircraft dynamic finite element model (FEM) to improve its agreement with ground vibration test (GVT) data. Design/methodology/approach An automatic updating method using an optimization procedure is carried out. Instead of using dedicated updating tools, the procedure is implemented using standard MSC/NASTRAN because of wide availability of the software in small aircraft industries. The objective function is defined to minimize the differences in the natural frequency and the differences in the mode shape between the analytical model and the GVT data. Provision has been made to include the quantification of confidence in both the GVT data and in the initial model. Parameter grouping is carried out to reduce the number of design parameters during the optimization process. Findings The optimization module of standard finite element (FE) software can be effectively used to reduce the differences between the GVT and the FEM in terms of frequency and mode shape satisfactorily. The strategy to define the objective function based on minimizing the mode shape error can reduce the improvement in the frequency error. The required user interference can be kept low. Originality/value The most important contribution of the present paper concerns the combination of strategies to define the objective function and selection of the parameters.

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Poh, K. L. y M. A. Quaddus. "A spread sheet-like input routine for optimisation problems". Advances in Engineering Software (1978) 8, n.º 3 (julio de 1986): 166–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0141-1195(86)90036-7.

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Lindström, Göran. "A Simple Automatic Calibration Routine for the HBV Model". Hydrology Research 28, n.º 3 (1 de junio de 1997): 153–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.1997.0009.

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A simple, but efficient, method for automatic calibration of the conceptual HBV rainfall-runoff model was developed. A new criterion, which combines the commonly used efficienyy criterion R2 and the relative volume error was introduced. Optimising this combined criterion resulted in R2 values nearly as high as those for optimssing only R2, but with much smaller volume errors. An earlier automatic calibration method for the HBV model relied on the use of differett criteria for different parameters. With the simplification to one single criterion, the optimum search method could be made more efficient. The optimisation is made for one parameter at a time, while the others are kept constant. This one-dimensional optimisation is repeated in a loop for all parameters. A new loop is performed as long as there is a sufficiently large improvement since the last one. After each loop a search is made in the direction which is defined by the differences in parameter values between the two latest loops. The calibration routine was developed for, and tested with, the HBV model, but it should be general enough to be applicable to other modess as well.

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Ibrahim, A., B. Michael, Z. A. T. Suleyman y O. B. Akintuyi. "Geospatial Approach to Route Optimisation for Security Architecture Improvement". Environmental Technology and Science Journal 14, n.º 1 (1 de agosto de 2023): 75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/etsj.v14i1.8.

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Understanding the complexity of road networks is tiring, especially in finding the optimum routes for emergency response. Dynamic route optimisation is a decision-making process powered by mathematical models to formulate a strong basis for predicting the best path between any two points in a road network. Exploring the numerous interconnected routes in and out of a road network provides a strong foothold for securing lives and properties. This study presents the findings of route optimisation at the Federal University of Technology Minna, Gidan Kwano Campus. High Target Differential Global Positioning System receiver (DGPS), Handheld GPS (Garmin GPSmap 60Cx), Quick Bird Satellite Imagery, and Google Earth Images were used for data acquisition purposes. An ArcGIS network analyst for optimum route identification based on Dijktra’s algorithm was utilised for analysis. Five different optimisation tests were done and the optimised routes were compared with alternative routes from the network. The total travel distances for alternative and optimum routes are 11852.414 m and 16614.156 m respectively while the total travel times for alternative and optimum routes are 2135.35 s and 2993.25 s respectively. The study revealed all optimum routes are faster cumulatively by (11.7%) and are best for security and emergency responses. Ten unauthorised access roads to the campus were identified. The number of routes paving access to the campus shows that efforts towards ensuring security must be increased.

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Zhang, Gailian. "Solving route optimisation problem in logistics distribution through an improved ant colony optimisation algorithm". International Journal of Services Operations and Informatics 8, n.º 3 (2017): 218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijsoi.2017.081511.

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Zhang, Gailian. "Solving route optimisation problem in logistics distribution through an improved ant colony optimisation algorithm". International Journal of Services Operations and Informatics 8, n.º 3 (2017): 218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijsoi.2017.10002474.

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PANG, Mingbao, Xing WANG y Lixia MA. "Transit Route Planning for Megacities Based on Demand Density of Complex Networks". Promet - Traffic&Transportation 34, n.º 1 (18 de febrero de 2022): 13–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.7307/ptt.v34i1.3752.

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The aim of this work is to investigate the simplifica-tion of public transport networks (PTNs) for megacities and the optimisation of route planning based on the de-mand density of complex networks. A node deletion rule for network centre areas and a node merging rule for net-work border areas in the PTN are designed using the de-mand density of complex networks. A transit route plan-ning (TRP) model is established, which considers the demands of direct passengers, transfer passengers at the same stop and transfer passengers at different stops, and aims at maximising the transit demand density of a PTN. An optimisation process for TRP is developed based on the ant colony optimisation (ACO). The proposed method was validated through a sample application in Handan City in China. The results indicate that urban PTNs can be simplified while retaining their local attributes to a great extent. The hierarchical structure of the network is more obvious, and the layer-by-layer planning of routes can be effectively used in TRP. Moreover, the operating efficiency and service level of urban PTNs can be en-hanced effectively.

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Liu, Mengya, Vahid Yazdanpanah, Sebastian Stein y Enrico Gerding. "Sustainability-oriented route generation for ridesharing services". Computer Science and Information Systems, n.º 00 (2023): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/csis221209053l.

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Sustainability is the ability to maintain and preserve natural and man made systems for the benefit of current and future generations. The three pillars of sustainability are social, economic, and environmental. These pillars are interdependent and interconnected, meaning that progress in one area can have positive or negative impacts on the others. This calls for smart methods to balance such benefits and find solutions that are optimal with respect to all the three pillars of sustainability. By using AI methods, in particular, genetic algorithms for multiobjective optimisation, we can better understand and manage complex systems in order to achieve sustainability. In the context of sustainability-oriented ridesharing, genetic algorithms can be used to optimise route finding in order to lower the cost of trans portation and reduce emissions. This work contributes to this domain by using AI, specifically genetic algorithms for multiobjective optimisation, to improve the efficiency and sustainability of transportation systems. By using this approach, we can make progress towards achieving the goals of the three pillars of sustainability.

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Szlapczynska, Joanna. "Multi-objective Weather Routing with Customised Criteria and Constraints". Journal of Navigation 68, n.º 2 (9 de octubre de 2014): 338–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463314000691.

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The paper presents a weather routing algorithm utilising a multi-objective optimisation with constraints, namely the Multi-objective Evolutionary Weather Routing Algorithm (MEWRA). In the proposed approach weather route recommendations can be made simultaneously e.g. for passage time, fuel consumption and safety of passage by means of Pareto optimisation. The sets of criteria and constraints in the optimisation process are fully customisable. The algorithm handles static (time-independent) and dynamic (time-dependent) constraints e.g. forecasted high wind speed regions or customisable areas to be excluded from routing (e.g. due to piracy). The paper includes a description of MEWRA as well as examples of its usage for finding Pareto-optimal transoceanic ship routes.

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Gigih, Priyandoko, Siti Nur Arofah, Nan Mad Sahar y Istiadi Istiadi. "Donor Collectors Route Optimisation using Genetic Algorithm Method". International Journal of Electrical, Energy and Power System Engineering 3, n.º 1 (28 de febrero de 2020): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.31258/ijeepse.3.1.1-5.

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Searching for a route to take donation in terms of time and the shortest route is a must for the management because it can save time and effort. In order to make donations more efficient, a system is needed to provide recommendations for taking donation routes, one of which is using a Genetic Algorithm (GA) method. The GA can be applied in optimizing schedules, routes, and spaces. The results show that after testing two different routes with different maximum generation values of 50, 100, 500 and 1000, a maximum generation value of 50 can give optimal results.

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Mitra, Sulata. "Dynamic route optimisation in a multihomed mobile network". International Journal of Computational Vision and Robotics 1, n.º 2 (2010): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijcvr.2010.036076.

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Siddam, Samidha. "Route Optimisation for Solid Waste Management Using GeoInformatics". IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering 2, n.º 1 (2012): 78–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/1684-0217883.

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Bernardos, Carlos J., Ignacio Soto, María Calderón, Fernando Boavida y Arturo Azcorra. "VARON: Vehicular Ad hoc Route Optimisation for NEMO". Computer Communications 30, n.º 8 (junio de 2007): 1765–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.comcom.2007.02.011.

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Dahl, Nicolai J., Pere L. Muntal y Michael A. E. Andersen. "Systematic Design of a Pseudodifferential VCO Using Monomial Fitting". Elektronika ir Elektrotechnika 29, n.º 5 (31 de octubre de 2023): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j02.eie.35279.

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Digital integrated electronics benefits from its higher abstraction level, allowing optimisation methods and automated workflows. However, analogue integrated circuit design is still predominantly done manually, leading to lengthy design cycles. This paper proposes a new systematic design approach for the sizing of analogue integrated circuits to address this issue. The method utilises a surrogate optimisation technique that approximates a simple monomial function based on few simulation results. These monomials are convex and can be optimised using a simple linear optimisation routine, resulting in a single global optimal solution. We show that monomial functions, in many cases, have an analytic relation to integrated circuits, making them well suited for the application. The method is demonstrated by designing a 14 MHz pseudodifferential voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) with minimised current consumption and is manufactured in a 180 nm process. The measured total current matches the predicted and is lower than that for other similar state-of-the-art VCOs.

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32

Ying, Ang Pei, Justtina Anantha Jothi y Nursakirah ARM. "WeRoute: Route Optimization Web-Based System and Driver Mobile Application". International Journal of Artificial Intelligence 8, n.º 2 (23 de diciembre de 2021): 78–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.36079/lamintang.ijai-0802.314.

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This paper intends to conceptualise an optimisation solution for vehicle routing that can get the best routing result and release the most optimal route to the driver, namely WeRoute. The objectives of the paper are to manage the data efficiently, save time, reduce cost, enhance customer satisfaction, and decrease the emission of carbon. Moreover, this is also known as the vehicle routing problem, which deals with a range of variables, including drivers, stops, roads, and customers. The method, Genetic algorithm, was developed to improve the efficiency of generating feasible routes for a project. A team of drivers and several stops are needed to generate the solution of optimising the vehicle routing. It can be said that the more drivers or stops, the more complicated the problem becomes, such as cost controls and vehicle limitations. Thus, a route optimisation tool slowly becomes the key to ensuring the delivery business as efficiently as possible.

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Sin, G., R. Govoreanu, N. Boon, G. Schelstraete y P. A. Vanrolleghem. "Evaluation of the impacts of model-based operation of SBRs on activated sludge microbial community". Water Science and Technology 54, n.º 1 (1 de julio de 2006): 157–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2006.383.

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Impact of model-based operation of nutrient removing SBRs on the stability of activated sludge population was studied in this contribution. The optimal operation scenario found by the systematic model-based optimisation protocol of Sin et al. (Wat. Sci. Tech., 2004, 50(10), 97–105) was applied to a pilot-scale SBR and observed to considerably improve the nutrient removal efficiency in the system. Further, the process dynamics was observed to change under the optimal operation scenario, e.g. the nitrite route prevailed and also filamentous bulking was provoked in the SBR system. At the microbial community level as monitored by DGGE, a transient shift was observed to gradually take place parallel to the shift into the optimal operation scenario. This implies that the model-based optimisation of a nutrient removing SBR causes changes at the microbial community level. This opens future perspectives to incorporate the valuable information from the molecular monitoring of activated sludge into the model-based optimisation methodologies. In this way, it is expected that model-based optimisation approaches will better cover complex and dynamic aspects of activated sludge systems.

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34

Nurdin, A., N. W. Bressloff, A. J. Keane y C. M. E. Holden. "Shape optimisation using CAD linked free-form deformation". Aeronautical Journal 116, n.º 1183 (septiembre de 2012): 915–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001924000007351.

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AbstractFree-form deformation (FFD) is a method first introduced within the graphics industry to enable flexible deformation of geometric models. FFD uses an R3 to R3 mapping of a deformable space to the global Cartesian space to produce the geometry deformation. This method has been extensively used within the design optimisation field as a shape parameterisation technique. Typically it has been used to parameterise analysis meshes, where new design geometries are produced by deforming the original mesh. This method allows a concise set of design variables to be used while maintaining a flexible shape representation. However, if a computer aided design (CAD) model of the resulting geometry is required, reverse engineering techniques would need to be utilised to recreate the model from the deformed mesh. This paper extends the use of FFD within an optimisation routine by using FFD to directly parameterise a CAD geometry. Two methods of linking the FFD methods with the CATIA V5 CAD package are presented. Each CAD integration technique is then critiqued with respect to shape optimisation. Finally the set-up and initialisation of a case study is illustrated. The case study chosen is the aerodynamic optimisation of the wing-fuselage junction of a typical passenger aircraft.

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35

Wang, Shijin, Rongrong Duan, Jiewen Chu, Jiahao Li y Baotian Yang. "Multi-Flight Rerouting Optimisation Based on Typical Flight Paths Under Convective Weather in the Terminal Area". Promet 34, n.º 6 (2 de diciembre de 2022): 907–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.7307/ptt.v34i6.4195.

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With the rapid growth of flight volume, the impact of convective weather on flight operations in the terminal area has become more and more serious. In this paper, the typical flight paths (TFPs) are used to replace flight procedures as the routine flight paths in the terminal area, and the TFP of each flight is predicted by Random Forest (RF), Boosting Tree (BT) and K-Nearest Neighbour (KNN) algorithms based on the weather and flight plan characteristics. A multi-flight rerouting optimisation model by bi-level programming is established, which contains a flight flow optimisation model in the upper layer and a single flight path optimisation model in the lower layer. The simulated annealing algorithm and the bidirectional A* algorithm are used to solve the upper and lower models. This paper uses the terminal area of Guangzhou Baiyun Airport (ZGGG) and Wuhan Tianhe Airport (ZHHH) for case analysis. The RF algorithm has better performance in predicting TFPs compared with the BT and KNN algorithms. Compared to the historical radar trajectory, the flight path optimisation results show that for the Guangzhou terminal area, while meeting the Terminal Airspace Availability (TAA) as constraint, the flight flow increases and the flight distance reduces, effectively improving the operational efficiency within the terminal.

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36

Suresh, K. y M. Rajasekhara Babu. "SOSIoT: SOS optimisation to leverage the energy efficient internet of things based on route search optimisation". International Journal of Computer Aided Engineering and Technology 10, n.º 5 (2018): 530. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijcaet.2018.094331.

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37

Suresh, K. y M. Rajasekhara Babu. "SOSIoT: SOS optimisation to leverage the energy efficient internet of things based on route search optimisation". International Journal of Computer Aided Engineering and Technology 10, n.º 5 (2018): 530. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijcaet.2018.10013714.

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38

Van Greunen, Ryan y Christiaan Oosthuizen. "Data Driven Methods for Finding Coefficients of Aerodynamic Drag and Rolling Resistance of Electric Vehicles". World Electric Vehicle Journal 14, n.º 6 (25 de mayo de 2023): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj14060134.

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This research investigated an alternate method for establishing the complex coefficients used in an electric vehicle’s mathematical energy consumption model. While other methods for creating electric vehicle energy models exist, it would be beneficial to have a rapid and inexpensive technique that remains accurate. Producing a mathematical energy model for such a vehicle has the challenge of determining its aerodynamic drag and rolling resistance coefficients. Currently and most often, expensive and tedious (time-consuming) methods are used to find these coefficients. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD), wind tunnel testing, and extensive mathematics make this objective challenging. For this work, a solar-powered electric vehicle provided the source data to derive its coefficients cost-effectively and efficiently. Data were collected during a road test of the solar electric vehicle from South Africa to Namibia stretching over 2000 km, in which all required energy variables were recorded. The collected data were used in an optimisation routine to establish the two coefficients by minimising the actual and modelled energy consumption error and controlling the driving speed. The outcome of the optimisation routine produced accurate coefficients with a final error value of less than 5% when applied to a validation data set not used during optimisation. With minor modifications, this method may be integrated into any electric vehicle computer system to autonomously identify its two hard-to-find coefficients while driving, which can be used to provide an accurate and realistic driving range estimation to the driver.

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39

Li, Changyu y Yang Zhao. "Traffic route optimisation based on clouding computing parallel ACS". International Journal of Information and Communication Technology 14, n.º 2 (2019): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijict.2019.097693.

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40

Li, Changyu y Yang Zhao. "Traffic route optimisation based on clouding computing parallel ACS". International Journal of Information and Communication Technology 14, n.º 2 (2019): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijict.2019.10018562.

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41

Exposito, Adrian, Dominic Schupke y Hector Esteban. "Route Optimisation for Maximum Air to Ground Channel Quality". IEEE Access 8 (2020): 203619–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3037075.

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42

Yang, Yuan, Xiaonan Wang, Qi Sun y Dong Wang. "A route optimisation scheme for 6LoWPAN nested mobile networks". International Journal of Mobile Network Design and Innovation 6, n.º 3 (2016): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijmndi.2016.078979.

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43

Heyken Soares, Philipp, Christine L. Mumford, Kwabena Amponsah y Yong Mao. "An adaptive scaled network for public transport route optimisation". Public Transport 11, n.º 2 (29 de julio de 2019): 379–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12469-019-00208-x.

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44

Lin, Hsiao-Chung, Ping Wang, Wen-Hui Lin, Kuo-Ming Chao y Zong-Yu Yang. "Identifying the Attack Sources of Botnets for a Renewable Energy Management System by Using a Revised Locust Swarm Optimisation Scheme". Symmetry 13, n.º 7 (19 de julio de 2021): 1295. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13071295.

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Distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks often use botnets to generate a high volume of packets and adopt controlled zombies for flooding a victim’s network over the Internet. Analysing the multiple sources of DDoS attacks typically involves reconstructing attack paths between the victim and attackers by using Internet protocol traceback (IPTBK) schemes. In general, traditional route-searching algorithms, such as particle swarm optimisation (PSO), have a high convergence speed for IPTBK, but easily fall into the local optima. This paper proposes an IPTBK analysis scheme for multimodal optimisation problems by applying a revised locust swarm optimisation (LSO) algorithm to the reconstructed attack path in order to identify the most probable attack paths. For evaluating the effectiveness of the DDoS control centres, networks with a topology size of 32 and 64 nodes were simulated using the ns-3 tool. The average accuracy of the LS-PSO algorithm reached 97.06 for the effects of dynamic traffic in two experimental networks (number of nodes = 32 and 64). Compared with traditional PSO algorithms, the revised LSO algorithm exhibited a superior searching performance in multimodal optimisation problems and increased the accuracy in traceability analysis for IPTBK problems.

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45

Middel, Jan, Kinanthi Sutopo, Bart Heesbeen, René Verbeek, Nick van den Dungen, Raúl Sáez, Xavier Prats y Angelo Riccio. "CO₂ and non-CO₂ balanced Environmental Scores Module for flight performance evaluation and optimisation". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2526, n.º 1 (1 de junio de 2023): 012013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2526/1/012013.

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Abstract The SESAR2020 exploratory research (ER4) programme CREATE (Grant 890898) developed a climate and weather aware Concept of Operations (ConOps) which encompasses a multi-aircraft 4D trajectory optimisation framework, which utilises a CO2 and non-CO2 balanced Environmental Scores Module (ESM) for the en-route flight phase. The ESM provides a computational method to evaluate the “greenness” of aircraft trajectories. Some components related to the internal ESM scoring are based on expert judgement, which is in line with the technology readiness level (TRL) 1 of the solution. Fast-time simulations were performed to demonstrate the proof-of-concept of the ESM in a multi-aircraft tactical optimisation scenario in the North-Atlantic region. The results show that, because of the simplicity of the metric, the ESM could be well used for trajectory optimisation and tactical replanning, and most likely as well as flight and ATC sector environmental performance evaluations.

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46

Greystoke, A., J. Cummings, T. Ward, K. Simpson, A. Renehan, F. Butt, D. Moore et al. "Optimisation of circulating biomarkers of cell death for routine clinical use". Annals of Oncology 19, n.º 5 (mayo de 2008): 990–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdn014.

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47

Kuder, Isabelle, Gareth Jones, Mick Rock y Richard van Arkel. "AN OPTIMIZATION FRAMEWORK TO ENABLE THE MEASUREMENT OF STRAIN IN LIGAMENTS USING ULTRASOUND". Orthopaedic Proceedings 105-B, SUPP_16 (17 de noviembre de 2023): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/1358-992x.2023.16.040.

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AbstractObjectivesUltrasound speckle tracking is a safe and non-invasive diagnostic tool to measure soft tissue deformation and strain. In orthopaedics, it could have broad application to measure how injury or surgery affects muscle, tendon or ligament biomechanics. However, its application requires custom tuning of the speckle-tracking algorithm then validation against gold-standard reference data. Implementing an experiment to acquire these data takes months and is expensive, and therefore prohibits use for new applications. Here, we present an alternative optimisation approach that automatically finds suitable machine and algorithmic settings without requiring gold-standard reference data.MethodsThe optimisation routine consisted of two steps. First, convergence of the displacement field was tested to exclude the settings that would not track the underlying tissue motion (e.g. frame rates that were too low). Second, repeatability was maximised through a surrogate optimisation scheme. All settings that could influence the strain calculation were included, ranging from acquisition settings to post-processing smoothing and filtering settings, totalling >1,000,000 combinations of settings. The optimisation criterion minimised the normalised standard deviation between strain maps of repeat measures. The optimisation approach was validated for the medial collateral ligament (MCL) with quasi-static testing on porcine joints (n=3), and dynamic testing on a cadaveric human knee (n=1, female, aged 49). Porcine joints were fully dissected except for the MCL and loaded in a material-testing machine (0 to 3% strain at 0.2 Hz), which was captured using both ultrasound (>14 repeats per specimen) and optical digital image correlation (DIC). For the human cadaveric knee (undissected), 3 repeat ultrasound acquisitions were taken at 18 different anterior/posterior positions over the MCL while the knee was extended/flexed between 0° and 90° in a knee extension rig. Simultaneous optical tracking recorded the position of the ultrasound transducer, knee kinematics and the MCL attachments (which were digitised under direct visualisation post testing). Half of the data collected was used for optimisation of the speckle tracking algorithms for the porcine and human MCLs separately, with the remaining unseen data used as a validation test set.ResultsFor the porcine MCLs, ultrasound strains closely matched DIC strains (R2 > 0.98, RMSE < 0.59%) (Figure 1A). For the human MCL (Figure 1B), ultrasound strains matched the strains estimated from the optically tracked displacements of the MCL attachments. Furthermore, strains developed during flexion were highly correlated with AP position (R = 0.94) with strains decreasing the further posterior the transducer was on the ligament. This is in line with previously reported length change values for the posterior, intermediate and anterior bundles of the MCL.ConclusionsUltrasound speckle tracking algorithms can be adapted for new applications without ground-truth data by using an optimisation approach that verifies displacement field convergence then minimises variance between repeat measurements. This optimisation routine was insensitive to anatomical variation and loading conditions, working for both porcine and human MCLs, and for quasi-static and dynamic loading. This will facilitate research into changes in musculoskeletal tissue motion due to abnormalities or pathologies.Declaration of Interest(a) fully declare any financial or other potential conflict of interest

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Zhou, Yi, Kayvan Pazouki, Rose Norman, Haibo Gao y Zhiguo Lin. "An Experimental Investigation into the Feasibility of a DC Hybrid Power Plant for a Northern Sea Route Ship". Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 11, n.º 9 (24 de agosto de 2023): 1653. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse11091653.

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Increasingly, the melting of Arctic ice due to global warming has provided opportunities for commercial shipping between Asia and Europe. Given the vulnerability of the Arctic environment, especially due to emissions of short-lived pollutants from shipping activities, a more effective propulsion system with a comprehensive control strategy is required to reduce fuel consumption, thus potentially mitigating the impacts of shipping activities on the northern sea route (NSR). In this paper, a shipboard DC hybrid system powered by a combination of diesel generator sets and batteries is proposed and analysed in terms of its application on a ship in the NSR. The specific fuel consumption and various losses in the power sources were analysed to develop an efficiency-optimisation control strategy for the proposed DC hybrid power system. To evaluate the performance of the hybrid power system with the proposed optimisation control strategy, lab-scale experiments have been conducted in the Shanghai Marine Diesel Engine Research Institute to compare the proposed system with a conventional hybrid system. The experimental results indicate that the proposed DC hybrid power plant with the energy optimisation control contributes a 5.35% fuel saving compared with the DC fixed-speed diesel electric configuration during a scaled-down NSR scenario.

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Lapkin, A. A., P. K. Heer, P. M. Jacob, M. Hutchby, W. Cunningham, S. D. Bull y M. G. Davidson. "Automation of route identification and optimisation based on data-mining and chemical intuition". Faraday Discussions 202 (2017): 483–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7fd00073a.

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Data-mining of Reaxys and network analysis of the combined literature and in-house reactions set were used to generate multiple possible reaction routes to convert a bio-waste feedstock, limonene, into a pharmaceutical API, paracetamol. The network analysis of data provides a rich knowledge-base for generation of the initial reaction screening and development programme. Based on the literature and the in-house data, an overall flowsheet for the conversion of limonene to paracetamol was proposed. Each individual reaction–separation step in the sequence was simulated as a combination of the continuous flow and batch steps. The linear model generation methodology allowed us to identify the reaction steps requiring further chemical optimisation. The generated model can be used for global optimisation and generation of environmental and other performance indicators, such as cost indicators. However, the identified further challenge is to automate model generation to evolve optimal multi-step chemical routes and optimal process configurations.

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Sobecka, Ewa, Rafał Szłapczyński y Marcin Życzkowski. "Evolutionary Multi–Objective Weather Routing of Sailboats". Polish Maritime Research 27, n.º 3 (1 de septiembre de 2020): 130–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pomr-2020-0054.

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AbstractThe paper presents a multi-objective method, which optimises the route of a sailboat. The presented method makes use of an evolutionary multi-objective (EMO) algorithm, which performs the optimisation according to three objective functions: total passage time, a sum of all course alterations made during the voyage and the average angle of heel. The last two of the objective functions reflect the navigator’s and passenger’s comfort, which may decrease with multiple turns or when experiencing an excessive heel angle for a long time. The optimisation process takes into account static bathymetry-related constraints as well as dynamic constraints related to the sailboat’s safety in changing wind and wave conditions. The method makes use of all of the above and finally returns an approximated Pareto set containing non-dominated solutions to the optimisation problem. The developed method has been implemented as a simulation application. The paper includes selected simulation results followed by their discussion.

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