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Literatura académica sobre el tema "Optimisation combinatoire – Reconstruction d'image"
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Tesis sobre el tema "Optimisation combinatoire – Reconstruction d'image"
Ribal, Christophe. "Anisotropic neighborhoods of superpixels for thin structure segmentation". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPASG117.
Texto completoIn the field of computer vision, image segmentation aims at decomposing an image into homogeneous regions. While usually an image is composed of a regular lattice of pixels, this manuscript proposes through the term of site a generic approach able to consider either pixels or superpixels. Robustness to noise in this challenging inverse problem is achieved by formulating the labels as a Markov Random Field, and finding an optimal segmentation under the prior that labels should be homogeneous inside the neighborhood of a site. However, this regularization of the solution introduces unwanted artifacts, such as the early loss of thin structures, defined as structures whose size is small in at least one dimension. Anisotropic neighborhood construction fitted to thin structures allows us to tackle the mentioned artifacts. Firstly, the orientations of the structures in the image are estimated from any of the three presented options: The minimization of an energy, Tensor Voting, and RORPO. Secondly, four methods for constructing the actual neighborhood from the orientation maps are proposed: Shape-based neighborhood, computed from the relative positioning of the sites, dictionary-based neighborhood, derived from the discretization to a finite number of configurations of neighbors for each site, and two path-based neighborhoods, namely target-based neighborhood with fixed extremities, and cardinal-based neighborhood with fixed path lengths. Finally, the results provided by the Maximum A Posteriori criterion (computed with graph cuts optimization) with these anisotropic neighborhoods are compared against isotropic ones on two applications: Thin structure detection and depth reconstruction in Shape From Focus. The different combinations of guidance map estimations and neighborhood constructions are illustrated and evaluated quantitatively and qualitatively in order to exhibit the benefits of the proposed approaches
Tlig, Ghassen. "Programmation mathématique en tomographie discrète". Phd thesis, Conservatoire national des arts et metiers - CNAM, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00957445.
Texto completoTlig, Ghassen. "Programmation mathématique en tomographie discrète". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, CNAM, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CNAM0886.
Texto completoThe tomographic imaging problem deals with reconstructing an objectfrom a data called a projections and collected by illuminating the objectfrom many different directions. A projection means the information derivedfrom the transmitted energies, when an object is illuminated from a particularangle. The solution to the problem of how to reconstruct an object fromits projections dates to 1917 by Radon. The tomographic reconstructingis applicable in many interesting contexts such as nondestructive testing,image processing, electron microscopy, data security, industrial tomographyand material sciences.Discete tomography (DT) deals with the reconstruction of discret objectfrom limited number of projections. The projections are the sums along fewangles of the object to be reconstruct. One of the main problems in DTis the reconstruction of binary matrices from two projections. In general,the reconstruction of binary matrices from a small number of projections isundetermined and the number of solutions can be very large. Moreover, theprojections data and the prior knowledge about the object to reconstructare not sufficient to determine a unique solution. So DT is usually reducedto an optimization problem to select the best solution in a certain sense.In this thesis, we deal with the tomographic reconstruction of binaryand colored images. In particular, research objectives are to derive thecombinatorial optimization techniques in discrete tomography problems
Soldo, Yan. "Optimisation de la reconstruction d'image pour SMOS et SMOS-NEXT". Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2120/.
Texto completoThe Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) satellite was launched by the European Space Agency (ESA) in November 2009 to allow a better understanding of Earth's climate, the water cycle and the availability of water resources at the global scale, by providing global maps of soil moisture and ocean salinity. SMOS' payload, an interferometric radiometer, measures Earth's natural radiation in the protected 1400-1427 MHz band (microwave, L-band). However, since launch the presence of numerous Radio-Frequency Interferences (RFI) has been clearly observed, despite the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) recommendations to preserve this band for scientific use. The pollution created by these artificial signals leads to a significant loss of data and a common effort of ESA and the national authorities is necessary in order to identify and switch off the emitters. From a scientific point of view we focus on the development of algorithms for the detection of RFI, their localization on the ground and the mitigation of the signals they introduce to the SMOS data. These objectives have led to different approaches that are proposed in this contribution. The ideal solution would consist in mitigating the interference signals by creating synthetic signals corresponding to the interferences and subtract them from the actual measurements. For this purpose, an algorithm was developed which makes use of a priori information on the natural scene provided by meteorological models. Accounting for this information, it is possible to retrieve an accurate description of the RFI from the visibilities between antennas, and therefore create the corresponding signal. Even though assessing the performances of a mitigation algorithm for SMOS is not straightforward as it has to be done indirectly, different methods are proposed and they all show a general improvement of the data for this particular algorithm. Nevertheless due to the complexity of assessing the performances at the global scale, and the uncertainty inevitably introduced along with the synthetic signal, and to avoid a naive use of the mitigated data by the end user, for the time being an operational implementation of mitigation algorithms is not foreseen. Instead, an intermediate solution is proposed which consists of estimating the RFI contamination for a given snapshot, and then creating a map of the regions that are contaminated to less than a certain (or several) threshold(s). Another goal has been to allow the characterization of RFI (location on the ground, power emitted, position in the field of view) within a specified geographic zone in a short time. This approach uses the Fourier components of the observed scene to evaluate the brightness temperature spatial distribution in which the RFIs are represented as "hot spots". This algorithm has proven reliable, robust and precise, so that it can be used for the creation of RFI databases and monitoring of the RFI contamination at the local and global scale. Such databases were in fact created and used to highlight systematic errors of the instrument and seasonal variation of the localization results. The second main research topic has been to investigate the principle of SMOS-NEXT, a prospective mission that aims at assuring the continuity of space-borne soil moisture and ocean salinity measurements in the future with significantly improved spatial resolution of the retrievals. In order to achieve the latter this project intends to implement a groundbreaking interferometric approach called the spatio-temporal aperture synthesis. This technique consists in correlating the signals received at antennas in different places at different times, within the coherence limits imposed by the bandwidth. To prove the feasibility of this technique, a measurement campaign was carried out at the radio-telescope in Nançay, France. Even though the analysis of the experimental data has not allowed concluding on the validity of the measurement principle, a series of difficulties have been highlighted and the thus gained knowledge constitutes a valuable base for the foreseen second measurement campaign
Israel-Jost, Vincent. "Optimisation de la reconstruction en tomographie d'émission monophotonique avec colimateur sténopé". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2006/ISRAEL-JOST_Vincent_2006.pdf.
Texto completoIn SPECT small animal imaging, it is highly recommended to accurately model the response of the detector in order to improve the low spatial resolution. The volume to reconstruct is thus obtained both by backprojecting and deconvolving the projections. We chose iterative methods, which permit one to solve the inverse problem independently from the model's complexity. We describe in this work a gaussian model of point spread function (PSF) whose position, width and maximum are computed according to physical and geometrical parameters. Then we use the rotation symmetry to replace the computation of P projection operators, each one corresponding to one position of the detector around the object, by the computation of only one of them. This is achieved by choosing an appropriate polar discretization, for which we control the angular density of voxels to avoid oversampling the center of the field of view. Finally, we propose a new family of algorithms, the so-called frequency adapted algorithms, which enable to optimize the reconstruction of a given band in the frequency domain on both the speed of convergence and the quality of the image
Israel-Jost, Vincent Sonnendrücker Eric Constantinesco André. "Optimisation de la reconstruction en tomographie d'émission monophotonique avec colimateur sténopé". Strasbourg : Université Louis Pasteur, 2007. http://eprints-scd-ulp.u-strasbg.fr:8080/698/01/israel-jost2006.pdf.
Texto completoBus, Norbert. "The use of geometric structures in graphics and optimization". Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PESC1117/document.
Texto completoReal-world data has a large geometric component, showing significant geometric patterns. How to use the geometric nature of data to design efficient methods has became a very important topic in several scientific fields, e.g., computational geometry, discrete geometry, computer graphics, computer vision. In this thesis we use geometric structures to design efficient algorithms for problems in two domains, computer graphics and combinatorial optimization. Part I focuses on a geometric data structure called well-separated pair decomposition and its usage for one of the most challenging problems in computer graphics, namely efficient photo-realistic rendering. One solution is the family of many-lights methods that approximate global illumination by individually computing illumination from a large number of virtual point lights (VPLs) placed on surfaces. Considering each VPL individually results in a vast number of calculations. One successful strategy the reduce computations is to group the VPLs into a small number of clusters that are treated as individual lights with respect to each point to be shaded. We use the well-separated pair decomposition of points as a basis for a data structure for pre-computing and compactly storing a set of view independent candidate VPL clusterings showing that a suitable clustering of the VPLs can be efficiently extracted from this data structure. We show that instead of clustering points and/or VPLs independently what is required is to cluster the product-space of the set of points to be shaded and the set of VPLs based on the induced pairwise illumination. Additionally we propose an adaptive sampling technique to reduce the number of visibility queries for each product-space cluster. Our method handles any light source that can be approximated with virtual point lights (VPLs), highly glossy materials and outperforms previous state-of-the-art methods. Part II focuses on developing new approximation algorithms for a fundamental NP-complete problem in computational geometry, namely the minimum hitting set problem with particular focus on the case where given a set of points and a set of disks, we wish to compute the minimum-sized subset of the points that hits all disks. It turns out that efficient algorithms for geometric hitting set rely on a key geometric structure, called epsilon-net. We give an algorithm that uses only Delaunay triangulations to construct epsilon-nets of size 13.4/epsilon and we provide a practical implementation of a technique to calculate hitting sets in near-linear time using small sized epsilon-nets. Our results yield a 13.4 approximation for the hitting set problem with an algorithm that runs efficiently even on large data sets. For smaller datasets, we present an implementation of the local search technique along with tight approximation bounds for its approximation factor, yielding an (8 + epsilon)-approximation algorithm with running time O(n^{2.34})
Israel-Jost, Vincent. "Optimisation de la reconstruction en tomographie d'émission monophotonique avec collimateur sténopé". Phd thesis, Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00112526.
Texto completoPour parvenir à des résultats exploitables, tant en terme de résolution spatiale que de temps de calcul chez le rat ou la souris, nous décrivons dans ce travail les choix de notre modélisation par une réponse impulsionnelle gaussienne, ajustée suivant des paramètres physiques et géométriques. Nous utilisons ensuite la symétrie de rotation inhérente au dispositif pour ramener le calcul de P opérateurs de projections au calcul d'un seul d'entre eux, par une discrétisation de l'espace compatible avec cette symétrie, tout en contrôlant la densité angulaire de voxels pour éviter un suréchantillonnage au centre du volume.
Enfin, nous proposons une nouvelle classe d'algorithmes adaptés à la fréquence qui permettent d'optimiser la reconstruction d'une gamme de fréquence spatiale donnée, évitant ainsi d'avoir à calculer de nombreuses itérations lorsque le spectre à reconstruire se retrouve surtout dans les hautes fréquences.
Favier, Aurélie. "Décompositions fonctionnelles et structurelles dans les modèles graphiques probabilistes appliquées à la reconstruction d'haplotypes". Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1527/.
Texto completoThis thesis is based on two topics : the decomposition in graphical models which are, among others, Bayesian networks and cost function networks (WCSP) and the haplotype reconstruction in pedigrees. We apply techniques of WCSP to treat Bayesian network. We exploit stuctural and fonctional properties, in an exact and approached methods. Particulary, we define a decomposition of function which produces functions with a smaller variable number. An application example in optimization is the haplotype reconstruction. It is essential for a best prediction of seriousness of disease or to understand particular physical characters. Haplotype reconstruction is represented with a Bayesian network. The functionnal decomposition allows to reduce this Bayesian network in an optimization problem WCSP (Max-2SAT)
Ribés, Cortés Alejandro. "Analyse multispectrale et reconstruction de la réflectance spectrale de tableaux de maître". Paris, ENST, 2003. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00000761.
Texto completoThis thesis is devoted to 1 The methods for spectral reflectance reconstruction of the surface of coloured materials in each pixel of an N-channel multispectral image (N > 3). We propose a classification of spectral reflectance reconstruction methods and we improve some of them. We adapted Mixture Density Networks (MDN) to spectral reconstruction. MDN were enriched by developing an automatic system of architecture selection. 2 We studied, characterised and evaluated a new high definition multispectral camera created for the European project CRISATEL. An automatic calibration procedure and an image correction system were conceived and implemented. We also worked on the selection of the optical filters most adapted to the spectral reconstruction of a specific material. Finally, the work completed during this thesis was applied to art paintings. We present two examples, painted by George de la Tour and Renoir