Tesis: "Opinions des individus"

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Gadani, Giulia. "Désastres, politique et économie : l'interaction entre les cyclones tropicaux, les opinions politiques et la croissance économique". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024COAZ0030.

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Cette dissertation vise à combler d'importantes lacunes dans l'étude de l'impact des cyclones tropicaux sur (i) la croissance économique infranationale ; (ii) le lien entre les cyclones tropicaux et la polarisation politique ; et (iii) la relation entre les nouvelles sur le changement climatique et les opinions des individus. Premièrement, les cyclones tropicaux causent des dommages et des préjudices considérables, et la proportion des tempêtes les plus intenses devrait augmenter avec le réchauffement futur. Les analyses précédentes étaient limitées à des régions spécifiques, à des niveaux de pays ou à des dangers uniques liés aux cyclones tropicaux, principalement la vitesse du vent. Chapitre 1 évalue l'effet combiné des trois principaux dangers des cyclones tropicaux—la vitesse du vent, l'onde de tempête et les pluies—sur la croissance macroéconomique infranationale à l'échelle mondiale. À cette fin, nous combinons des données d'intensité des cyclones tropicaux modélisées spatialement avec des données de croissance économique provenant de 1.642 régions infranationales pour les années 1980-2020. Nous mettons en évidence que, bien que la vitesse du vent entraîne les plus grandes pertes macroéconomiques, il est important de tenir compte des deux autres dangers. L'onde de tempête cause d'autres pertes, tandis que l'effet des pluies est bénéfique jusqu'à un certain seuil de précipitations. Deuxièmement, la littérature a examiné l'impact des extrêmes climatiques sur les préférences politiques, mettant en évidence un déplacement positif vers des positions environnementales et démocrates. Cependant, elle n'a pas abordé les effets potentiellement polarisants sur l'opinion publique. Chapitre 2 examine la relation entre les cyclones tropicaux et la polarisation politique aux États-Unis, offrant de nouvelles perspectives sur ce sujet. Pour ce faire, nous utilisons la base de données du Cooperative Election Study pour l'idéologie politique et des données modélisées sur la vitesse maximale du vent pour mesurer les dommages causés par les tempêtes pendant la période 2010-2018. Nous constatons que les cyclones tropicaux particulièrement destructeurs sont associés à une augmentation de la polarisation politique au sein de la population. En particulier, les démocrates présentent une augmentation des opinions libérales, tandis que les républicains s'orientent vers des opinions plus conservatrices. Troisièmement, la littérature existante a montré que les actualités sur le changement climatique influencent positivement l'acceptation de sa réalité. Cependant, il n'a pas été examiné si ces actualités contribuent à une plus grande stabilité des opinions, en tenant compte à la fois de l'acceptation et du déni du changement climatique. Chapitre 3 aborde une avenue inexplorée en se concentrant sur la question de savoir si les actualités sur le changement climatique renforcent l'adhésion à l'opinion de l'individu et écartent les perspectives opposées concernant la réalité du changement climatique parmi les résidents américains. J'utilise les données historiques d'enquêtes sur plus de 9.000 individus recueillis durant les années paires de la période 2010-2014. J'ai constaté qu'une plus grande exposition aux actualités sur le climat augmente la probabilité d'avoir (i) une acceptation stable du changement climatique parmi les démocrates ; (ii) un déni stable du changement climatique parmi les républicains ; (iii) un déni instable du changement climatique parmi les démocrates ; et (iv) une acceptation instable du changement climatique parmi les républicains
This dissertation aims at closing important research gaps in the study of (i) the effect of tropical cyclones on subnational economic growth; (ii) the linkage between tropical cyclones and political polarization; and (iii) the relation between climate change news and individuals' opinions. First, tropical cyclones cause substantial damage and harm, and the proportion of the most intense storms is projected to increase under future warming. Previous analyses are limited to specific regions, country levels, or single tropical cyclone hazards, mainly wind speed. Chapter 1 assesses the compound effect of all three main tropical cyclone hazards—wind speed, storm surge, and rainfall—on subnational macroeconomic growth globally. To this end, we combine spatially modeled tropical cyclone intensity data with economic growth data from 1,642 subnational regions for the years 1980-2020. We find that while wind speed induces the largest macroeconomic losses, accounting for the other two hazards is important. Storm surges cause further losses, whereas the effect of rainfall is beneficial up to a certain rainfall amount. Second, previous literature has examined the impact of extreme events on political preferences, highlighting a positive shift towards environmental and Democratic positions. However, it has not addressed the potential polarizing effect on public opinion. Chapter 2 investigates the relation between tropical cyclones and political polarization in the United States, offering new insights into this topic. To do so, we use the Cooperative Election Study database for political ideology and scientific maximum wind-speed modeled data for measuring storm damage over the 2010-2018 period. We find that extremely damaging tropical cyclones are associated with increased political polarization within the population. Specifically, Democrats exhibit an increase in liberal opinions, while Republicans shift towards more conservative views. Third, existing literature has shown that climate change news positively influences the acceptance of climate change. However, there has been no examination of whether climate change news contributes to greater stability in opinions, taking into account both acceptance and denial of climate change. Chapter 3 addresses an unexplored avenue by focusing on whether climate change news reinforces adherence to the individual's opinion and discards opposing perspectives about the existence of climate change among U.S. residents. I use individuals' historical survey data on over 9,000 individuals collected during the even years of the 2010-2014 period and find that greater exposure to climate news increases the probability of having (i) stable climate change acceptance among Democrats; (ii) stable climate change denial among Republicans; (iii) unstable climate change denial among Democrats; and (iv) unstable climate change acceptance among Republicans

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2

Kaisso, Nour. "Modeling the Dynamics of Opinion Change : when Individuals may have Different Overt and Covert Opinions". Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för utbildning, kultur och kommunikation, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-45603.

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This thesis aims to present and explore a mathematical model of attitude change within society. Building on the foundations set up by Lave and March [2] and Eriksson and Strimling [1] we propose a model which includes the possibility of having an overt as well as covert opinion by any individual on a given issue. We lay out the verbal and mathematical speciﬁcations for our model, interpret them in the framework of discrete-time dynamical systems and simulate the behavior using Matlab programming. Finally, we propose three conjectures based on the results of our simulations and proceed to subject two of them to further analytical treatment.

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3

Boarini, Romina. "Justice distributive : opinions, jugements et choix individuels". Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2004. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00000947.

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Cette thèse a pour objet l'examen empirique des préférences individuelles dans certains problèmes de distribution. L'analyse des préférences individuelles est menée à partir de leur expression sous forme d'opinions, de jugements et de choix. D'une part, nous mettons à jour les conceptions individuelles du juste sur lesquelles repose l'évaluation normative de certaines règles d'allocation de ressources, droits et obligations. Nous cherchons d'autre part à comprendre les raisons qui guident les individus dans leurs choix distributifs. La thèse se compose de six études indépendantes utilisant différentes méthodes empiriques (questionnaires, enquêtes et expériences de laboratoire). La première partie de la thèse traite de l'attribution de droits prioritaires dans le contexte de l'économie des transferts entre générations (héritage et retraites) et dans le domaine de la santé. Dans la deuxième partie, nous étudions des situations où le choix distributif résulte d'un arbitrage entre l'intérêt personnel de l'agent et celui d'autrui. Nous étudions cet arbitrage dans le cadre des politiques publiques de type redistributif et dans une situation de marchandage stylisé entre des agents ayant des revendications asymétriques. Dans cette partie, nous faisons l'hypothèse que les motifs et les déterminants des choix ne se réduisent pas aux intérêts privés des agents. En particulier, nous prenons en compte les attentions à l'autre et les considérations d'équité et de réciprocité. Nous validons cette hypothèse par le biais d'un certain nombre de tests économétriques et expérimentaux.

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4

Bos, Ryan A. "Resident assistants' attitudes toward gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgendered individuals". Virtual Press, 1998. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1210535.

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This study examined the attitudes and perceptions of resident assistants towardgay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgendered (GLBT) students. Attitudes and perceptions of floor environments, hall environments, and the campus community were looked at. The original intent of this study was to find a relationship between resident assistants' attitudes and perceptions toward GLBT individuals and its relationship to the environment created on the RA's floor. The sample of GLBT students was too small to make reference to it in this study.A significant difference was found between hall staffs' attitudes. The study suggests that their hall environment can influence RAs' attitudes and perceptions. Consistent with past research, male resident assistants (RAs) had more negative views toward gay men and lesbians than female RAs. Inconsistent responses were found to individual questions, which suggests a lack of education on GLBT issues. The majority of RAs believed there should not be more GLBT material integrated in the classroom, however they felt they didn't have adequate training on GLBT issues. RAs felt that GLBT students experience less harassment and discrimination in the residence halls then on campus and in society.
Department of Secondary, Higher, and Foundations of Education

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5

Blodgett, Billy P. (Billy Paul). "The Change of Individual Opinions Through Gender-Related Group Influence: An Empirical Study of College Students". Thesis, North Texas State University, 1986. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc331986/.

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The opinions of individuals may be influenced by groups of different gender configurations. This influence was studied by asking college students to respond to a series of statements in pretest and post-test settings. Post-test settings included the use of manipulatively constructed confederate groups to influence the subjects' responses. A pretest was administered in an anonymous nonthreatening environment. Within a week, the subjects were post-tested in a setting with four "confederates" who had previously been instructed to unanimously voice opposite answers to the subjects' initial responses to pretest questions. The objective of this experiment was to determine the number of opinions that were changed when confronted with opposing views. Change of opinions between pretest and post-test were considered to be operational definitions of "conformity."

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6

Lau, Andrea. "Opinions of Adoptive Parents Regarding Adoption Disclosure to the Child| A Study of Hong Kong Chinese Participants". Thesis, Alliant International University, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3568180.

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Study Aims: With adoption becoming more common in Hong Kong, the present study was conducted to gain an understanding of the opinions of Hong Kong adoptive parents regarding adoption disclosure to their child. Multiple research questions were investigated that may interest both the general public and those associated with adoption. Reasons for adoption disclosure, gender differences, and whether high or low Asian values have a significant influence were examined. Method: Fifty-four participants (18 men and 31 women) were recruited from Mother's Choice (a Hong Kong NGO). They were asked to complete a Disclosure Questionnaire, which determines the opinions and attitudes of adoptive parents on disclosure that was developed for use in this specific study, and the Asian Values Scale, which can be divided into five subscales (i.e., Collectivism, Conformity to Norms, Emotional Self-Control, Family Recognition Through Achievement, and Humility). Results: Majority of the participants reported that infertility was their main reason for the adoption and that they disclose because the child has the right to know. In addition, the majority strongly feel that disclosing will save future trauma and will not affect their relationship. The overwhelming majority of parents (94.4%, 51 out of 54) are planning to or already have disclosed the adoptive status to their child. Two participants (3.7%) are not planning to disclose and one (1.9%) did not answer. The 51 participants were then asked a follow up question regarding whether they would still disclose if it were guaranteed that their child would never find out about his/her adoptive status and ten of them changed their mind and one did not answer. Some gender differences were found and there were a few significant items where participants who responded differently on Disclosure Questionnaire items also varied on Asian values. Conclusions: This study is important to further understand Hong Kong's adoption population. Although there are limitations due to sample size and convenient sampling, this study is a beginning in the exploration of opinions of adoptive parents towards disclosure. As the majority of participants adopted due to infertility, more care and counseling should be provided targeting infertile couples to explore infertility, the possibility of adoption, and what the adoption means to them. This is especially important in Hong Kong, where infertility may be seen as culturally deviant as the purpose of marriage is to parent (Ko, 2001). With the cultural and social stigma of infertility, many couples may choose to remain secretive and thus perhaps keep a subsequent adoption secretive as well. It can be concluded that adoption disclosure is a complicated action that requires a lot of consideration and preparation. However, even with this, thoughts and feelings may continue to conflict with each other as it is a complex process.

Keywords: adoption, disclosure, Hong Kong, Asian Values Scale

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7

Bergen, Steven. "Antisocial personality disorder: an exploration and discussion of the experience, impact and opinions of the diagnosed individual". Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=86898.

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It is important for the medical community, specifically mental health professionals, to understand the complexities that influence the diagnosis of Antisocial Personality Disorder. Social influences and experiences have a direct influence on how an individual understands his/her role within the various social systems that they will navigate throughout their lifetime.
I have undertaken a phenomological study that looks at the social experiences of three men who have been labeled with Antisocial Personality Disorder. Accounts of their experiences are contrasted and compared to draw out similarities and consistent themes that have shaped these mens' lives as they are today.
From a client-centred model of care, it is important for mental health professionals to understand these experiences and interpretations as it impacts that quality of mental health services that are providing. It also influences the manner in which mental health professionals view models of recovery when working with this specific population.
Il est important pour la communauté médicale, plus précisément des professionnels de santé mentale, à comprendre les complexités qui influent sur le diagnostic de trouble de Antisocial Personality Disorder. Influences sociales et des expériences ont une influence directe sur la façon dont une personne comprend son rôle au sein des différents systèmes sociaux qu'ils vont naviguer dans toute leur durée de vie.
J'ai entrepris une étude de phenomological qui se penche sur les expériences sociales des trois hommes qui ont été intitulées avec trouble de Antisocial Personality Disorder Les comptes de leurs expériences sont contrastées et par rapport à attirer les similitudes et cohérentes des thèmes qui ont façonné vie ces mens ' qu'ils sont aujourd'hui.
D'un modèle axé sur le client de soins, il est important pour professionnels de santé mentale de comprendre ces expériences et des interprétations qu'il a un impact que la qualité des services de santé mentale qui fournissent des. Elle influence également la manière dans laquelle les professionnels de santé mentale afficher les modèles de recouvrement lorsque vous travaillez avec cette population spécifique.

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McGee, Nancy I. "Rural Wyoming community's perceptions of individuals experiencing mental illness". Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1445048341&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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9

Huet, Sylvie. "Modèles individu-centrés de systèmes sociaux : micro-modèles hybrides inspirés des données simulant le développement rural ; dynamiques collectives de filtrage et / ou de rejet des messages". Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00856248.

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Cette thèse a pour objet la modélisation individu-centrée des systèmes sociaux. Une première partie orientée aide à la décision présente un modèle d'évolution des populations rurales fortement inspiré des données. Une seconde partie, plus théorique, étudie divers mécanismes permettant à un individu d'accepter ou de résister à une influence sociale. Nous proposons tout d'abord un modèle individu-centré de la dynamique des municipalités rurales européennes, implémenté pour le département du Cantal. Nous proposons un nouvel algorithme de génération des populations initiales ne nécessitant pas d'échantillon de population (approche classique). Nous concevons et paramétrons un modèle de la dynamique de l'individu face au marché du travail basé sur les données de la " European Labour Force Survey ". Il inclut des heuristiques originales de transition d'états tel qu'actifs, inactifs, chômeurs, ... prenant en compte l'âge, la profession et le secteur d'activité de l'individu. Nous déterminons les dynamiques non fondés sur des données individuelles en testant la capacité de dynamiques simples à produire des résultats proches des données agrégées disponibles. Est ainsi conçu un modèle de mobilité résidentielle, expliquant partiellement la migration et intégrant décision de déménager et choix d'une nouvelle résidence. La seconde partie de la thèse étudie les effets collectifs de différents mécanismes permettant aux individus de résister à ou d'accepter une influence sociale. Un premier mécanisme étudié est un filtre cognitif impliquant qu'un individu ne reçoit pas une information incongruente ou peu importante. Les individus " filtreurs " exhibent le biais de primauté car leur attitude n'est déterminée que par les premiers éléments reçus et se montrent négatifs alors que le message diffusé par un media est neutre. Le taux d'individus négatifs dans la population est accru ou diminuer par l'échange direct d'information entre les individus. Un second mécanisme est un rejet de la tentative d'influence qui mène l'individu à différencier davantage son attitude de celle de son interlocuteur. Il intervient lorsque l'individu éprouve un inconfort lié au fait qu'il est à la fois en accord et en désaccord avec son interlocuteur. Le couplage de ce rejet à un mécanisme d'attraction entre individus en accord entraîne un nombre moindre de groupes d'opinion différentes à l'échelle de la population (ie par rapport au nombre de groupes obtenus avec le seul mécanisme d'attraction).

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Shahin, Dana y Mimmi Fadhil. "Scrolla, kommentera eller gilla? : En studie av hur användare reagerar på inlägg på sociala medier som rör samhällsdiskussioner". Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för naturvetenskap, miljö och teknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-38400.

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Denna kandidatuppsats tar upp samhällsfrågor kopplade till sociala medier, till exempel huranvändare delar med sig av sina åsikter kring samhällsfrågor på sociala medier samt deras reaktion på dessa diskussioner i sociala medier. I denna studie använde vi oss av metoden enkätundersökning för datainsamling, sedan analyserades all data via en tematisk analys. Resultatet visade att respondenterna reagerade olika på inlägg i samhällsdiskussioner på sociala medier. Resultatet analyserades i två teman, tema 1 besvarar hur användare reagerar på samhällsdiskussioner i sociala medier, tema 2 besvarar frågan hur villiga användare är att delta i samhällsdiskussioner på sociala medier. Vissa respondenter anser att kunna delta i samhällsdiskussioner på sociala medier ger de en möjlighet att uttrycka sig samt upplysa sina följare. Andra respondenter väljer att inte delta i dessa diskussioner då de anser att det är slöseri med tid samt att det inte kommer ha någon positiv påverkan utan istället starta onödiga diskussioner och konflikter, därför väljer dessa respondenter att hålla sina åsikter privata.
This bachelor thesis addresses social matters linked to social media, such as how users share their views on social issues and their reaction to these discussions in social media. In this study, we used the survey methodology for data collection. Afterwards, we analyzed the data through a thematic analysis. The result showed that the respondents reacted differently to contributions to social discussions on social media. The result was analyzed in two themes; theme 1 answers how users react to social discussions on social media, and theme 2 answers the question of how willing users are to participate in social discussions on social media. Some respondents believe that being able to participate in social discussions on social media gives them an opportunity to express themselves and educate their followers. Other respondents choose not to participate in these discussions as they consider that it is a waste of time and that it will have no positive impact but instead start unnecessary discussions and conflicts. Therefore, these respondents choose to keep their opinions private.

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11

Fisher, Sheila Eunice. "Assessment of quality of life in individual patients with head and neck cancer : opinions and preferences of patients and clinicians". Thesis, University of Leeds, 2009. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/1024/.

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Head and neck cancer patients face considerable challenges as a result of their diagnosis and therapy. Psychosocial aspects are accepted as critically important in their care. Our hypothesis was that ‘carefully designed and structured questionnaires can be used to improve the quality of life of head and neck cancer patients’. This thesis reports the development of and findings from a series of studies considering the opinions and preferences of patients and clinicians about questionnaires and the process of care, supported by interviews and analysis of taped consultations. This work provided a detailed insight into aspects of head and neck cancer care from all perspectives. In summary, my main conclusions were: · The current practice of relying on consultations alone to manage the care of cancer patients does not ensure that all concerns are identified. This is particularly true for emotional and psychosocial issues. · There are substantial differences in patient characteristics, therapeutic burden and status between thyroid patients and other H&N cancer patients. A specific QoL module should be developed to meet the needs of thyroid patients. · Patients were not able to choose a questionnaire with any consistency. · Patients and clinicians had clear and cogent views about the process of care, consultations and questionnaires which provided invaluable insight into the needs of this patient population. · No current questionnaire is ideal for individual assessment but, from this study a combination of the EORTC QLQ C30 and H&N modules and HADS is recommended. · The main area of omission from current assessments is ‘fear of recurrence’. This is common and needs to be addressed in care for H&N and also Thyroid cancer patients. The results have provided an evidence base for future work in this field building towards a model of care which encompasses all aspects of patient needs.

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12

AUTRET, PHILIPPE. "Evaluation de l'image et de la connaissance du samu 80 dans la population amienoise : a propos d'une enquete d'opinion realisee entre juillet et decembre 1993 aupres de 399 individus". Amiens, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AMIEM057.

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13

Guidry, Sherry L. "Individual and structural explanations of inequality : the Black view". Virtual Press, 1992. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/834138.

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Historically, blacks have viewed their lower socioeconomic status, relative to whites, as a result of structural limitations of society. People, white and black, have accepted that blacks have had more difficulty in making economic advancement due to societal barriers such as discrimination. As structural barriers have come down and it has become easier for blacks to move into the economic mainstream, it may be that those blacks who are moving upward no longer see structural limitations as the reason for economic inequality.Recent research distinguishes between two types of explanations for the gap. Theindividual explanation asserts that blacks' lower socioeconomic status is due to a lack of will power or effort on the part of blacks. In contrast, the structural explanation states that institutional barriers such as discrimination are to blame for the black-white socioeconomic gap. This study laid a solid foundation for an analysis of explanations for the black-white socioeconomic gap. However, it failed to investigate the relative proportion of blacks who adopt these explanations.It is the purpose of this paper to determine whether the individual and structural explanations for economic inequality is the same for blacks and whites.The most recent data from the General Social Survey is used to investigate this possibility. The sample and sub-sample sizes are 1517 and 1024, respectfully.
Department of Sociology

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14

Billman, Jeffrey C. "Marriage for some explaining the variation in gay rights and marriage policy and opinion among states and individuals /". Orlando, Fla. : University of Central Florida, 2010. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/CFE0003020.

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Billman, Jeffrey. "MARRIAGE FOR SOME: EXPLAINING THE VARIATION IN GAY RIGHTS AND MARRIAGE POLICY AND OPINION AMONG STATES AND INDIVIDUALS". Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2010. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3395.

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This research aims to answer a simple question: Why are some individuals, and some states, more willing to extend protections to same-sex couples than are others? Drawing from the literature, I perform a battery of quantitative tests on variables most commonly associated with gay rights and gay marriage policy development: liberalism, education, age, religiosity, authoritarianism, tolerance, urbanization, and moral traditionalism. While I find that all of these variables have a relationship with gay rights and gay marriage opinion, I argue that those associated with religiosity have the strongest pull. However, religiosity does not act alone; moral traditionalism, age, and ideology play particularly robust roles as well. In conclusion, I contend that the data show a strong likelihood for the continued liberalization of gay rights and gay marriage policy into the foreseeable future.
M.A.
Department of Political Science
Health and Public Affairs
Political Science MA

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16

Briney, Carol E. "My Journey with Prisoners: Perceptions, Observations and Opinions". Kent State University Liberal Studies Essays / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1373151648.

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17

Downing, Tracy Toft Wise Kevin Robert. "When response is news individual reactions to news websites that solicit reader opinion as moderated by need for closure /". Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri--Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/6656.

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Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on March 10, 2010). The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Thesis advisor: Dr. Kevin Wise. Includes bibliographical references.

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18

Nolan, Mark Andrew. "Construals of human rights law protecting subgroups as well as individual humans /". Connect to this title online, 2003. http://thesis.anu.edu.au/public/adt-ANU20050324.155005/.

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19

Palma, Pereyra Silvana Alessandra y Chasmine Sandberg. "Zero shades of green? : a qualitative study about individuals’ responses to green exposure on social media". Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Sektionen för hälsa och samhälle, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-15608.

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The use of social media has increased the need of interactivity and information sharing. Individuals are sharing thoughts about different issues. Today, environmental issues have become an everyday matter for many. This matter is manifested through opinion leaders and their blogs or accounts. These opinion leaders possess an incredible power to influence others, which they in many cases take advantage of to inform their readers about topics that matters. This thesis will study how individuals respond to opinion leaders’ publications of green product exposure on social media. The purpose is to deepen the understanding and analyze possible influences related to the individuals’ responses. Green consumption habits are being highlighted as important and green products are exposed through many opinion leaders’ profiles on social media, since they often have an influence on individuals purchasing decisions. To investigate consumer responses on social media a qualitative study has been implemented. This has been done through observations and the construction of a focus group with the aim to strengthen the observational results. The results have mainly showed that individuals often respond positively to opinion leaders’ posts of green products, but their positive responses are related to the opinion leader rather than highlighting the green attributes. These results have been discussed to arisen from the individuals strive to identify themselves with opinion leaders. Furthermore, additional theory has been used to analyze the comments and explain possible influences. The conclusion of this thesis includes proposals for future research related to this topic.

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Taylor, Elizabeth Lee. "A cross-media study of audience choice : the influence of traits, needs, and attitudes on individual selection of "media repertoires" /". Digital version accessible at:, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

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Carro, Patiño Adrián. "Individual-based models of collective dynamics in socio-economic systems". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/396311.

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The main purpose of this thesis is to contribute to the understanding of how complex collective behaviors emerge in social and economic systems. To this end, we use a combination of mathematical analysis and computational simulations along the lines of the agent- or individual-based modeling paradigm. In particular, we focus on three main topics: opinion dynamics, herding behavior in financial markets, and language competition. Opinion dynamics models focus on the processes of opinion formation within a society consisting of an ensemble of interacting individuals with diverse opinions. One of the main problems addressed by these models is whether these processes of opinion formation will eventually lead to the emergence of a consensus within the society or to the fragmentation of its constituent individuals into different opinion groups. We are interested here in situations where the particular issue under consideration allows for opinions to vary continuously, and thus opinions are modeled as real variables. In particular, we focus on a model consisting of two mechanisms or rules for the evolution of the agents' opinions: a mechanism of social influence, by which two interacting agents reach a compromise at the midpoint opinion, and a mechanism of homophily, by which two agents do only interact if their opinion difference is less than a given threshold value. In this context, we study the influence of the initial distribution of opinions in the asymptotic solution of the model. Financial time series are characterized by a number of stylized facts or non-Gaussian statistical regularities found across a wide range of markets, assets and time periods, such as volatility clustering or fat-tailed distributions of returns. A growing number of contributions based on heterogeneous interacting agents have interpreted these stylized facts as the macroscopic outcome of the diversity among the economic actors, and the interplay and connections between them. In particular, we focus here on a stochastic model of information transmission in financial markets based on a competition between pairwise copying interactions between market agents (herding behavior) and random changes of state (idiosyncratic behavior). On the one hand, we develop a generalization of this herding model accounting for the arrival of information from external sources, and study the influence of this incoming information on the market. On the other hand, we study a network-embedded version of the herding model and focus on the influence of the underlying topology of interactions on the asymptotic behavior of the system. Language competition models address the dynamics of language use in multilingual social systems due to social interactions. The main goal of these models is to distinguish between the interaction mechanisms that lead to the coexistence of different languages and those leading to the extinction of all but one of them. While traditionally conceptualized as a property of the speaker, it has been recently proposed that the use of a language can be more clearly described as a feature of the relationship between two speakers ---a link state--- than as an attribute of the speakers themselves ---a node state---. Inspired by this link-state perspective, we first develop a coevolving model that couples a majority rule dynamics of link states with the evolution of the network topology due to random rewiring of links in a local minority. Finally, we develop a model where the coupled dynamics of language use, as a property of the links between speakers, and language preference, as a property of the speakers themselves, are considered in a fixed network topology.
El propósito principal de esta tesis es el de contribuir a la comprensión del modo en el que comportamientos colectivos complejos emergen en sistemas sociales y económicos. En particular, nos centramos en tres temas principales: dinámica de opiniones, comportamiento gregario en mercados financieros y competición lingüística. Los modelos de dinámica de opiniones se centran en los procesos de formación de opiniones en el seno de una sociedad compuesta por un conjunto de individuos en interacción y con opiniones diversas. Uno de los principales problemas abordados por estos modelos es el de determinar si estos procesos de formación de opiniones llevan a la emergencia de un consenso en la sociedad, o si llevan a la segregación de los individuos en diferentes grupos. Nos interesamos aquí por situaciones en las que el asunto que se discute permite la existencia de un contínuo de opiniones y por tanto las opiniones pueden ser modeladas como variables reales. En particular, nos centramos en un modelo consistente en dos mecanismos para la evolución de las opiniones: un mecanismo de influencia social, por el cual dos agentes interaccionantes llegan a un compromiso en el punto medio entre sus opiniones, y un mecanismo de homofilia, por el cual dos agentes interaccionan únicamente si la diferencia entre sus opiniones es inferior a un cierto umbral. En este contexto, estudiamos la influencia de la distribución inicial de opiniones. Las series temporales financieras están caracterizadas por una serie de hechos estilizados o regularidades estadísticas no gaussianas observadas en un amplio rango de mercados, activos y períodos temporales, como el agrupamiento de la volatilidad o las distribuciones de retornos con colas pesadas. Un número creciente de contribuciones basadas en agentes heterogéneos en interacción han venido a ofrecer una interpretación de estos hechos estilizados como el resultado emergente de la diversidad entre actores económicos y de las interacciones y conexiones entre ellos. En particular, nos centramos aquí en un modelo estocástico de transmisión de información en mercados financieros basado en una competición entre interacciones de copia a pares entre agentes de mercado (comportamiento gregario) y cambios de estado aleatorios (comportamiento idiosincrático). Por un lado, desarrollamos una generalización de este modelo de comportamiento gregario para tener en cuenta la llegada de información desde fuentes externas y estudiamos la influencia de esta información entrante en el mercado. Por otro lado, estudiamos una versión en red del modelo de comportamiento gregario y nos centramos en la influencia de la topología subyacente en el comportamiento asintótico del sistema. Los modelos de competición lingüística abordan la dinámica del uso de lenguas en sistemas sociales multilingües debida a interacciones sociales. El principal objetivo de estos modelos es el de diferenciar entre aquellos mecanismos de interacción que llevan a la coexistencia de diferentes lenguas y aquellos que llevan a la extinción de todas menos una. Aunque tradicionalmente se ha conceptualizado como una propiedad del hablante, recientemente se ha propuesto que el uso de una lengua puede ser más claramente descrito como una propiedad de la relación entre dos hablantes ---un estado del enlace--- que como una propiedad de los hablantes ---un estado del nodo---. Inspirados por esta perspectiva, desarrollamos primero un modelo de coevolución que acopla una dinámica de estados en los enlaces basada en una regla de mayoría con la evolución de la topología de la red debida al re-enlace aleatorio de enlaces en una minoría local. Finalmente, desarrollamos un modelo en el que las dinámicas acopladas de uso de la lengua, como propiedad de los enlaces entre hablantes, y preferencia lingüística, como propiedad de los hablantes mismos, son consideradas en una topología de red fija.

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22

McClenny, R. Lorraine. "Changing taxpayer attitudes and increasing taxpayer compliance : the role of individual differences in taxpayers /". Diss., This resource online, 1992. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06062008-170817/.

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Coleman, Jean U. "Nursing students' attitudes towards victims of domestic violence as predicted by selected individual and relationship variables". Diss., Virginia Tech, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/38329.

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Abused women are frequent users of health care services. Yet, battered women often do not identify the health care delivery system as a resource. The present study surveyed 155 female associate and baccalaureate degree nursing students from three mid-Atlantic universities in order to examine how selected personal and relationship variables affected their attitudes toward battered women. It was hypothesized that those students who had an early exposure to family violence combined with high levels of egalitarianism and perceived control over life events would be more sympathetic toward battered women than those who did not. Instruments used to measure the chosen variables included the Sex-Role Egalitarianism Scale, the Conflict Tactics Scale, the Family Violence Scale, the Perceived Control Scale, and the Inventory of Beliefs about Wife-Beating. Data were collected via anonymous self-report questionnaires and analyzed through the use of correlation and hierarchical regression procedures. Nursing students with more egalitarian sex role beliefs and perception of control over their life events were more sympathetic to battered wives than those students with more traditional sex role attitudes and less perceived control over their life. Sex role egalitarianism was found to be the best predictor of attitudes toward victims of domestic violence. Contrary to expectations, there appeared to be little relationship between the level of violence experienced by students in their families of origin or in their current relationships and sympathy for battered wives. Findings from this study will add to the current nursing knowledge base regarding attitudes of one group of health care professionals toward victims of domestic violence by exploring those attitudes and by identifying which of the chosen variables was most predictive of those attitudes. Implications for nursing education include an examination of the impact of gender issues on personal and professional behavior as well as the importance of empowering nursing students through the use of a competency based practice model.
Ed. D.

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24

Belcher, James D. "An Examination of the Influence of Individual Differences, Music-Listening Motives, and Music Selection on Post-Listening Music Discussion". Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1277155907.

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Tenhunen, Salehi Vida. "A role for individuals in the formation of customary international law : should they affect opinio juris in the field of human rights?" Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-150085.

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Mantilla, Diego. "The dimensions of public opinion on abortion conceptualizing attitudes about abortion in the 2006 anes pilot study data in terms of the gravity of the decision at social and individual levels /". College Park, Md.: University of Maryland, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/7810.

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Thesis (M.A.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2007.
Thesis research directed by: Phillip Merrill College of Journalism. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.

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27

Safeen, Karolina y Marija Milkovic. "Synen på munhälsa och tandvård hos pensionärer som deltar i olika pensionärsföreningar - en enkätstudie : The opinion of oral health and dental care now and in the future among retirement individuals that participate in different retirement organization". Thesis, Kristianstad University College, Department of Health Sciences, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-3678.

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The aim of this study was to examine retiared individuals view of oral health and dental care. A questionnaire was sent to three different retirement organizations and answared by 106 participants. Our studie showed that irrespective of education or health status, the majority considered oral health and dental care was important and will become so in the future. Most elderly individuals can consider getting help with their oral health with oral health care in the future. This studie showed that the elderly are concerned about their appearance. Despite that the majority was satisfied with the dental care, stated that the price for dental care was too expensive.

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28

Lindström, Sandra y Veronica Hallåsen. "Elevers litteraturval : en fallstudie kring elevers val och en lärares intentioner". Thesis, University of Skövde, School of Humanities and Informatics, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-2791.

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Med utgångspunkt i vårt intresse för barnlitteratur beslöt vi att genomföra en kvalitativ fallstudie med syftet att öka förståelsen av elevernas litteraturval till deras individuella läsning. Undersökningen genomfördes med intervjuer och observationer i en årskurs 2-3 på en landsbygdsskola. Studien visar att eleverna i första hand väljer att läsa bokserier till den individuella läsningen i skolan och på fritiden samt att de får tips av kompisarna, läraren, bibliotekarien, familjemedlemmar samt media. De flesta är målmedvetna i sina val, andra vet inte vilken bok de vill läsa. Bokens innehåll ska vara spännande, roligt och läskigt och några väljer böcker på grund av att de vill lära sig något. Elevernas intressen speglar ofta deras litteraturval. Läraren är aktiv i sin vägledning och menar att eleverna bör läsa böcker där texten inte är för svår eller för lätt men ändå utmanar elevernas läsförmåga. Läraren anser att det är viktigare att eleverna läser än vad de läser samt viktigt att stimulera elevernas intresse för litteratur och läsning. Eleverna uppfattar lärarens intentioner om att välja lagom svåra böcker, dock upplever de inte klassläraren som aktiv vägledare. Slutsatserna av vårt resultat visar att det är betydelsefullt om läraren känner till vad som styr och påverkar elevernas val och att läraren är lyhörd för att på bästa sätt kunna vägleda dem till passande litteratur. Det är också positivt om utbudet är stort, dock måste även utbudet vara varierat så att alla elever ges möjlighet att finna litteratur som matchar deras intressen och behov. Vidare är det viktigt att läraren motiverar sina elever till att se meningsfullheten med läsning. Som lärare kan det vara betydelsefullt om man kan erbjuda eleverna andra alternativ till läsning än den litteratur som finns tillgänglig i biblioteket med tanke på målen i svenska för årskurs 3 som delvis handlar om att eleverna skall kunna läsa olika sorters texter, inte bara skönlitterära. Studien pekar även på att det som lärare är viktigt att ha en tillåtande attityd och uppmuntra det sociala samspelet mellan eleverna. Samtidigt kan det vara svårt att avgöra om eleverna i det sociala samspelet diskuterar litteratur eller om en grupp elever pratar om annat, slutsatsen blir även därför att det är av största vikt att läraren är lyhörd inför sina elever. Som läraren bör man synliggöra alla sina intentioner för eleverna, det är till exempel positivt om man är tydlig med att eleverna kan ställa frågor och få hjälp i sina litteraturval.

The starting point for this thesis is our interest in children´s literature. Therefore we decided to work with a qualitative case study with the purpose to increase the understanding of pupils' choice of literature in their individual reading. The research is based on interviews with and observations of pupils in grades 2 and 3 in a countryside school environment. The research shows that the pupils' preferences are bookseries for their individual reading in school and leisure time. The pupils get suggestions for choosing books from their friends, teacher, librarian, family members and the media. Most pupils are decisive in their choices and others do not know what book to read. The content of a book should be exciting, fun and scary. Some choose a book because they want to learn something. The interest of a pupil often mirrors their choice of literature. The teacher plays an active role and thinks that students ought to read books where the text is neither too difficult nor too easy but still challenges the pupils' ability to read. Primarily the teacher thinks that it is more important that pupils are reading then what they read. Further, it should stimulate the pupils' interest in literature and reading. The pupils are aware of the teachers intentions in choosing books on a challenging level, but they don´t see the class teacher as an active guide. The conclusions of our research show that it is important that the teacher knows what determines and affects pupils choice and that the teacher is attuned so the teacher can guide them to the appropriate literature. It is positive if the range is large, however, the supply must also be varied so that all pupils have the opportunity to find literature that match their interests and needs. Moreover, it is important that the teacher motivates their pupils so they find reading meaningful. As a teacher, it may be important if you can offer the pupils other alternatives than the literature available in the library in view of the grade 3 objectives in Swedish who partly contains if the pupils can read different kinds of texts, not just literary. The study also points at that as a teacher it is important to have a permissive attitude and encourage the social interactions between students. While it may be difficult to determine whether pupils in the social interaction are discussing literature or if a group of pupils talking about other things, the conclusion is also because it essential that the teacher is responsive to their pupils. As a teacher you should point out all your intentions for the pupils, it is, for example, positive if the teacher had made clear that the pupils can ask questions and get help in their selection in literature.

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Tydesjö, Amanda. "Individuella migrationsdrivkrafter i den moderna svenska emigrationen : En studie om vilka faktorer som ligger bakom utlandssvenskars emigration och permanenta bosättning i USA". Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsstudier (SS), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-101248.

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This thesis considers the individual drivers of migration in modern Swedish emigration and the subsequent decision to remain in the host country. The study draws on primary data from 14 semi-structured digital interviews with Swedes who have emigrated and permanently settled down in different locations in the United States. Through the push- and pull framework, individual cases have been considered whilst also comparing the findings with previously identified drivers in migration research. The sociological findings of this study present the collectivist Swedish norm Jantelagen (‘The Law of Jante’) as a prospective push-factor in both the decision to emigrate and to permanently settle down in the U.S. Subsequently, certain discrepancy exists on the macro level of Swedish society as both radically individualistic with collectivistic norms expecting individual conformity. The result implies that emigration is an option to break free from normative restrictions for certain individuals. Relatedly, the perception of a negative political development, restricted freedom of opinion, and self-censoring political correctness are explicit push-factors for some Swedes to emigrate and/or reside permanently. Furthermore, higher levels of stimulation in education and work, easy access to the job and housing market in the U.S. could be linked to the migration driver subjective well-being/happiness. Network often influenced the emigration and led to perceived lifestyle improvement. Moreover, the initial push and pull factors proved to be inconstant as motives and circumstances in the migration process changed e.g. in case of separation from a partner.

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30

林金永. "Exploiting User Opinions for Improving Individual Recommendations". Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/88195020598584806581.

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Baltzelle, Guy Charles. "Individual and group gender: moderators for attributions, perceptions, and opinions". 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/27392.

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Hsieh, Yao-Ming y 謝曜名. "Do We Remember Opinions Opposite to Ours? Investigating Individuals’ Information Processing of Opinions From Other People Through a Large-Scale Online Study". Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/sapxn6.

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碩士
國立臺灣大學
心理學研究所
106
In the modern civilized society, more and more social issues are raised and communicated through the internet. On the internet, how do people process diverse and diverged information with limited cognitive resources? Previous studies have shown a confirmation bias during information selection—people tend to select information in line with their attitudes or hypotheses. However, it is still an open question whether an individual also shows such a confirmation bias in remembering information and the present study was set out to answer this question. In this large-scale web-based study (N = 5395), each participant was presented with a sequence of opinions that aligned either with or against their positions on a specific issue. The participants’ recognition memories of these opinions were then tested after a short delay during which they were required to fill out a personality questionnaire. In the results from mixed-effects regression models that controlled for individual differences, a confirmation bias was indeed observed during information selection although the bias could be attenuated when the participants were engaged for further discussion. On the contrary, the participants actually showed an overall worse memory performance for opinions that were in line with rather than against their attitudes because of more false alarms. In addition to personal attitudes, we also found some personality variables, Honesty-Humility and Need for Cognition in particular, to positively predict the performance of recognition memory.

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33

Wang, Shu-Chuan y 王淑娟. "The relationship between individual partner size and going-concern opinion". Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/67189711831975554355.

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碩士
中原大學
會計研究所
101
The research aims to discuss the effect of audit firm size on audit quality. The previous researches pointed out that the larger audit firm size will have the better audit quality, and they mainly considered from the side of international or huge companies but less from the numbers of individual auditors size. The previous researches only focused on Big-4 and non Big-4 firm and ignored the differential audit quality within an audit firm. This research will deeply discuss the individual accountants’ scale of truly giving opinions, which will be closer to the audit quality’s real vista situation. This paper will use the listed companies and emerging companies as samples to analyze the influence of the individual auditor size on audit quality. The empirical result demonstrates that the accountants’ professional judgment and independence can be promoted when the numbers of clients are more. Therefore, the probability of issuing going-concern opinions is positively related to individual auditor size.

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34

Champeau, Donna A. "Factors influencing individuals attitudes toward voluntary active euthanasia and physician assisted suicide". Thesis, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/34943.

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Issues of right to life, as well as death have surfaced as topics of hot debate. In particular, questions about when and if individuals have the right to end their own lives have emerged and gained considerable attention as health policy issues having the potential to affect all Americans.. The purpose of this study was to identify the factors that are most likely to influence an individual's decision to support or not support voluntary active euthanasia (VAE) and physician assisted suicide (PAS) in specific medical situations. This study also examined the differences in medical vignettes by various demographic and attitudinal factors. Data were collected from a sample of classified staff members at two institutions of higher learning in Oregon. A survey was used to collect all data. Paired sample T-tests, stepwise multiple regression analysis and repeated measures multiple analysis of variance (MANOVA) were used to analyze the data. Based on survey results, there were significant differences in attitudes toward PAS and VAE for each medical vignette. Religious beliefs, fear of dependency, and fear of death were the most powerful predictors of individual support for PAS in each medical situation. In the case of VAE, there were differences in support on each medical situation in terms of the most powerful predictors: fear of dependency and religious beliefs for the cancer vignette, fear of dependency, religious beliefs, and age for the ALS vignette, and religious beliefs and fear of dependency for the paralysis vignette. The repeated measures MANOVA revealed that in general, the older the individual was, the less likely they were to support PAS or VAE. However, women over age 66 in this study were more likely to support VAE than were the males age 66 and over. Males in the 51-65 year old category were more supportive of VAE than females in this age category. Also, those who were more fearful of death were more likely to have a higher level of support for VAE. In all three vignettes (Cancer, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and paralysis) for both PAS and VAE, there was a significantly different level of support measured on a seven point Likert scale.
Graduation date: 1995

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Chang, Hsing-Ling y 張倖綾. "LGBTQ Individuals’ Experiences and Coping Strategies when Exposed to Opinions Regarding Marriage Equality on the Internet". Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/vas7k7.

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碩士
國立彰化師範大學
輔導與諮商學系
105
The purpose of this study was to examine the experiences of LGBTQ individuals when exposed to opinions regarding marriage equality on the Internet and the corresponding strategies they use to cope with these experiences. Phenomenological research methods were used to interview six LGBTQ individuals: a bisexual woman, homosexual woman, questioning/fluid woman, transgender bisexual/fluid/pansexual individual, and two homosexual men. Data analysis was conducted using social justice as a frame. The findings of the study were as follows: 1. Experiences of Participants When Exposed to Opinions Regarding Marriage Equality on the Internet: (1) Opinions regarding marriage equality affected the results of the amendment, so the participants actively engaged in discussion; (2) The majority of exposure to related opinions occurred on Facebook, through information shared by friends or on news media pages. Links led to further news articles, comments, and sites expressing opposing opinions. (3) Of the opinions that the participants were exposed to, more supported marriage equality than opposed it. (4) The participants believed it was exceedingly difficult to change the opinions of individuals who state that they oppose marriage equality; however, influencing neutral onlookers was possible. (5) Participants felt angry, anxious and helpless about the opposing opinions. (6) Support groups provided the participants with emotional support ,and inspired the participants to implement social actions. (7) The people and events that inspired the participants by seeing numerous people taking actions to support marriage equality. (8) The findings of this study indicate that the professional counseling organizations did not provide LGBTQ individuals with sufficient support and empowerment during the marriage equality controversy. 2. Coping Strategies of Participants Exposed to Opinions Regarding Marriage Equality on the Internet: (1) The coping strategies employed were diverse and included maintaining boundaries, educating, attempting to understand the opponent, seeking support, ignoring, responding positively, “coming out of the closet,” and participating in street events. (2) The functions of these coping strategies were to avoid being affected, adjust feelings, reduce others’ expression of opposing opinions, influence the views of onlookers, and change the social atmosphere. (3) The factors that affected a participant’s selection of coping strategy included assessment of the situation, personal abilities and personal status. (4) The participants demonstrated strength to respond to oppression; moreover, their responses to oppression were not only to cope with the pressure of a stressful situation, but also to take social action in order to pursue a more just society. (5) In the wave of controversy surrounding this issue, the participants felt supported by society and empowered and hopeful in response to this powerful supportive energy; they were thus able to engage in social action regardless of pressure. (6) Social action was also related to changing the emotional state and self-identity of participants, providing them with the strength to resist oppression. Finally, based on the results of this study, the researcher provide recommendations for the Office of the President, the executive branch, professional counseling organizations, counselors, LGBTQ individuals, and future studies.

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Lenz, Holly Hanson. "Factors influencing individual attitudes toward environmental health communications". Thesis, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/34511.

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The likelihood of achieving an effective environmental health communications program increases with a knowledge of the target audience's attitudes toward their environmental health concerns, source credibility, preferred channels of communication, and desire to participate in environmental issues. With this in mind, the purpose of this study was threefold: 1) to examine selected personal and social variables that influence attitudes towards environmental health communications; 2) to explore differences in those attitudes between groups that share a common environmental hazard within a defined geographic region; and, 3) to develop a communication needs assessment tool that other public health agencies might be able to use. A stratified random telephone sampling of 407 households was conducted in Idaho's Coeur d'Alene River Basin. Nonparametric statistical methods, Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of ranks, were utilized for the data analysis. The results, showed significant differences in the environmental concerns between the residents of Couer d'Alene and residents of the Silver Valley. Respondents in Coeur d'Alene were more concerned with air pollution, while respondents in the Silver Valley were more concerned with the effects of mining. Secondly, the state government was less negatively received as a source of environmental information than were the local or federal governments. In addition, respondents earning between $50,000 and $75,000 a year have the highest amount of trust in information coming from the federal government. Both TV news and local newspaper were the preferred channels of communication for the majority of respondents in the region. Qualitative data revealed that media sources from Spokane, Washington were a dominant influence in the region. Respondents with a college degree were less likely than respondents from other educational levels to prefer TV news as a source of environmental information. They were, however, more likely to participate in a public meeting than were respondents from other educational levels. Finally, research findings suggest that women, and respondents earning less than $10,000 per year, feel less control over their environmental health than do men and respondents from higher income levels. They are also less likely than either men or respondents earning more than $10,000 per year to feel that a citizen's efforts to protect the environment are usually effective.
Graduation date: 1996

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ANDUIZA, PEREA Eva. "Individual and systemic determinants of electoral abstention in Western Europe". Doctoral thesis, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5211.

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Defence date: 12 December 1997
Examining board: Stefano Bartolini (EUI, Supervisor) ; Prof. Cees van der EIjk (University of Amsterdam) ; Prof. José Ramón Montero (Juan March Institute) ; Prof. Yossi Shavit (University of Tel Aviv, Co-supervisor)
First made available online 12 October 2016
Este libro analiza las causas de la abstención electoral en el marco de las elecciones parlamentarias considerando simultáneamente las variables individuales y las características del sistema político y de la elección como factores explicativos. En primer lugar se explora la relación de los recursos socioeconómicos, la integración social y el compromiso político sobre la abstención. Para ello se analizan datos de sondeos post-electorales y Eurobarómetros procedentes de quince países de Europa occidental. En segundo lugar el análisis sistémico centra la atención en el efecto que los incentivos institucionales, los anclajes de los partidos políticos en la sociedad y las características de cada convocatoria electoral pueden tener sobre la variación de la tasa de abstención de estos países. Finalmente se analizan las posibles interacciones entre variables procedentes de los distintos niveles de observación, el individual y el sistémico. Según este tercer tipo de análisis no todos los electores tienen por qué ser igualmente sensibles al contexto político y electoral en el que viven. Mientras que para algunos las características del entorno son importantes a la hora de decidir entre votar o abstenerse, para otros estos elementos ejercen un impacto menor o incluso en un sentido diferente.

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Erfani-Ghadimi, Nooshin. "Practitioner perspectives and assumptions about the role media plays in communication strategies that aim to change the behaviour of an individual". Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/22627.

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A dissertation submitted to the School of Literature, Language and Media, University of the Witwatersrand in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts by dissertation. 14 March 2016
The aim of this research is to investigate practitioner perspectives and assumptions about the role media plays in communication strategies that aim to change the behaviour of an individual. It assesses whether these assumptions are consistent with the way the media is actually used in the campaigns of three organisations, and then asks whether there is any correlation between the apparent effectiveness of the campaign and the assumptions of media effect held by practitioners. The purpose is to gain better insight, from a media practitioner’s perspective, into how communication practitioners working on public campaigns understand the impact of the media. Three case studies are analysed, focusing on the use of print, broadcast and the internet to communicate the key messages in the campaigns. The case studies are of highly visible national organizations, each using the media in a particular way, with varying results. The first case study is of SANRAL's E-tag campaign, a campaign which has struggled to achieve widespread public support for e-tolls in Gauteng; the second, Play4Life, is a campaign launched by loveLife, which has in the past been controversial in its use of mass media, and the last, PhuzaWize, is campaign run by Soul City, generally credited with having an evidence-based and strategic approach to its communication strategies. The research found that the communication strategies used in the campaigns are in line with the compliance gaining, the two-step and multi-step, and with communication for social change models, respectively. Practitioners interviewed for this study however showed slightly differing views on the impact of media. Some seemed to understand the mass media through theoretical prisms described in Hovland’s “magic keys” (of attention, compliance and acceptance), whilst others argued that the messaging must change internal psychological makeup of the audience – as described in De Fleur’s psychodynamic model. Whilst one practitioner was an advocate of educational-entertainment and communication for social development approaches, others made repeated references to the power of inter-personal interactions, which are most in line with Lazarsfeld’s two-step and multi-step models.
MT2017

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39

Barros, Maria Francisca de Sousa e. Alvim Lima de. "Fake news: characterization of different individual profiles in relation to different news topics". Master's thesis, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/133068.

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Project Work presented as the partial requirement for obtaining a Master's degree in Information Management, specialization in Information Systems and Technologies Management
The existence of fake news is an extremely topical concern which calls into question the veracity of the broadcasted information. Since nowadays the search and production of news is mainly done online, the costs with content production are low and the content’s reach and speed of propagation is very high. These factors facilitate the dissemination of fake news in social platforms that are not specialized means of communication, namely in online social networks. Therefore, this study aims to characterize different profiles of Portuguese individuals based on their susceptibility to several news topics. The attainment of the mentioned profiles is going to be a valuable contribution to information management and it is going to allow future definition of measures to mitigate the propagation of fake news in social platforms. To achieve this, critical literature review was done and accompanied by the creation of a survey to analyze how academic background and topic of the news pieces influence the accuracy of individuals identifying false news. This dissertation intents to understand if there is anyone immune to fake news, or if individuals can be more or less immune depending on the topic.

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40

Parker, Fazia. "The individual mindset behind violence in schools specific to the Western Cape". Diss., 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/25537.

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Text in English
The study aimed at exploring the “mindset” of learners, teachers and principals behind the violence in schools. “Mindset” is a person's general attitude with which he/she approaches a situation and the way they think about things, their experiemces and opinions. The data in the current study was gathered from three schools on the Cape Flats in the Western Cape. The Cape Flats is home to South Africa’s most violent gangs, perpetuated by the socio-economic issues created by apartheid. A provincial breakdown of crime statistics ranks the Western Cape second highest in South Africa. The researcher adopted Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Framework to delineate the risk factors which impact on the community, family, individual, peer group and school environment. Participants’ selection was effected through a non-probability method of purposive sampling. Participants’ in a non-probability sample are selected based on their accessibility or by the purposive personal judgment of the researcher. The downside of the non-probability sampling method is that an unknown proportion of the entire population was not sampled. From the preceding results, it is evident that learners are exposed to many forms of violence. Too many children are reared in dysfunctional families, poorly managed schools and neighbourhoods caught in the grip of violence and poverty. If this malady is not addressed and managed, South Africa can expect another generation of youth who resort to violence as a means of conflict resolution. The rich and in-depth information around participants’ unique opinions, experiences and realities contribute towards a better understanding of school violence, dysfunctional behaviour and towards the improvement of school violence interventions. It is also argued that additional insights from the study would add value to the organisational incapacity management process of schools.
Psychology
M.A. (Psychology)

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41

Joubert, Johan Pierre Retief. "Houding teenoor televisie-advertensie : 'n psigometriese perspektief". Thesis, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/17036.

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Text in Afrikaans
Dit is belangrik vir bemarkingsorganisasies om die effek van bemarkingsaksies en meer spesifiek reklame te meet van wee eskalerende koste-oorwegings. Wat die rol van reklame in verbruikersgedrag betref, is die belewing van of houding-teenoor-reklame konsepte van sentrale be lang. Aangesien die term bel ewing meer beskrywend is oor die impak wat advertensies op verbruikers het word hierdie term algemeen gebruik. Hierdie studie ondersoek die konsep advertensiewaardering en ontleed die invloed daarvan op advertensiebelewing. Die kyker-responsprofiel soos deur Schlinger (1979) ontwikkel, word algemeen gebruik om televisiekykers se houding teenoor televisie-advertensies te meet. Hierdie studie poog om die toepaslikheid en geldigheid van die kyker-responsprofiel onder Suid-Afrikaanse televisiekykers te ondersoek. Die navorsingsmetode het uit twee fases bestaan. Die eerste fase was meer kwalitatief van aard, en ondersoek kykers se kognitiewe struktuur van houding teenoor televisie-advertensies. Die teoretiese uitgangspunt tydens hierdie fase is persoonlike-konstrukteorie. Repertoriumrooster onderhoude is met 50 volwasse televisiekykers (ouer as 16 jaar) uit verskillende taalgroepe gevoer. Daar is bevind dat kykers gemiddeld ses konstrukte gebruik ten einde die waarderingsvlak van advertensies te bepaal. 313 Konstrukte is in totaal deur die 50 respondente ontlok. Hierdie konstruke is deur individuele roosterontledings en ooreenkomsanalise tot 'n aantal konstrukgroepe gereduseer. Beskrywings van konstrukgroepe is aan die hand van n literatuurnavorsing gedoen. Die konstrukgroepe (tevredenheid, vermaaklikheid, interessantheid, sosialiteit, duidelikheid, realiteit, tempo en emosialiteit) toon 'n mate van ooreenstemming met die sewe Schlinger basisfaktore. Die onderliggende indiwiduele konstrukte wat vermaaklikheid, sosialiteit tempo en interessantheid beskryf, toon hoe korrelasies met waardering wat daarop dui dat waardering meer as net vermaaklikheid behels. Fase twee was meer kwantitatief van aard en het die ontleding van 382 kykerresponsprofiele behels. 'n Faktorontleding van die 32 Schlinger-items het sewe basisfaktore tot gevolg. Die eerste vyf faktore (vermaaklikheid, verwarring, relevante nuus, handelsmerkversterking en empatie) beskik oor soortgelyke faktorladings as faktorontledings wat in die V.S.A. gedoen is. Hierdie bevinding dui daarop dat die affektiewe belewingstruktuur van televisiekykers in Suid-Afrika grootliks dieselfde is as kykers in die Verenigde State. Die ander twee faktore (familiariteit en vervreemding) se ladings verskil van die in die Verenigde State maar hierdie verskille kan gegewe die aard van die advertensies ( bestaande en nuwe advertensiekonsepte) en die kruiskulturele aard van Suid-Afrikaanse kykers verklaar word. Die Schlingeritems is statisties beskryf en ontleed deur die rol wat die tipe advertensie (bestaande versus nuwe), produk-kategorie en kulturele teikenmark speel in waardering van advertensies te ondersoeK. Nuwe konsepte is geneig om meer vermaaklik en relevant te wees. Zulu, Sotho en Xhose kykers is geneig om advertensies as meer positief te beleef. Kosmetika en medisinale-, korporatiewe- en motoradvertensies is verder minder vermaaklik as voedsel en handelsadvertensies. Die Schlingeritems wat advertensiewaardering die beste beskryf en voorspel is bepaal deur bondelontledings en meerdimensionele verskaling. Daar is gevind dat waardering die mate waartoe 'n advertensie aan die vermaaklikheids, empatie en relevante nuus doelwitte voldoen sonder om verwarrend, vervreemdend of oorbekend te wees. Dit wil voorkom of daar twee dimensies bestaan wat die meeste variansie in Schlingeritems verklaar naamlik waardering (positief of negatief) en relevansie. Bondelontleding dui verder daarop dat 'n positiewe persepsie van 'n geadverteerde handelsmerk kykers ontvanklik maak om meer van 'n advertensie te hou of te waardeer.
It is important that, given escalating cost considerations, marketing organisations determine the effect that their marketing efforts have. With regard to the role of advertising m consumer behaviour, attitude towards commercials is of utmost importance. This study examined the liking of television advertisement concept and analyses the effect of this concept on attitude towards television advertising. The viewer response profile as developed by Schlinger (1979) is commonly used to evaluate viewer's attitude towards television commercials. This study attempted to investigate the applicability and validity of this instrument amongst South African television viewers. The study consisted of two phases. Phase one was more qualitative in nature and investigated the viewer's cognitive structure of attitude towards television commercials. The theoretical approach used during this phase was personal construct theory. It was found that viewers on average use six constructs to evaluate whether they like or dislike commercials. 313 Constructs were elicited and based on individual grid analyses and correspondence analysis a reduced number of construct groups was identified. These construct groups ( contentness, entertainment, interesting, sociality, clearness, reality, emotionality, and tempo) show a measure of similarity to the seven Schlinger factors or dimensions. The individual constructs, which make up entertainment, sociality, emotionality, tempo and interesting, show high levels of correlation with advertisement liking. This finding suggests that advertisement liking involve more than pure entertainment. Phase two was more quantitative and consisted of analysing 382 viewer response profiles. A factor analysis of the 32 items, which make up the viewer response profile, resulted in seven factors. The first five factors (entertainment, confusion, relevant news, brand reinforcement and empathy) show similar factor loading to factor analytical studies done in the United State of America. The other two factors (familiarity and alienation) show different loading to the United States of America study but these differences could be explained given the nature of commercials tested (existing commercials and new commercial concepts) and the cross cultural nature of South African viewers. The Schlinger items were analysed in greater detail by investigating the role which type of commercial (existing versus new), product category and cultural target market play in liking of commercials. New concepts are proven to be more entertaining, creative and relevant. Zulu and Sotho viewers are likely to be more positively disposed towards television commercials while cosmetic, medicine, corporate and motor vehicle commercials are less entertaining than food and commercial commercials. Those Schlinger items, which best describe and predict commercials liking were determined by using cluster and multi dimensional scaling techniques. It is apparent from this analysis that likability is the extent to which the objective of entertainment, empathy or relevant news is achieved without confusion, alienation or familiarity. Cluster analysis furthermore suggests that a positive perception of an advertised brand predispose viewers to higher levels of commercial liking. Multi dimensional scaling suggest two dimensions explaining most of the Schlinger factor variance namely liking (positive of negative) and relevance.
Industrial and Organisational Psychology
D. Com. (Bedryfsielkunde)

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42

RECCHI, Simonetta. "THE ROLE OF HUMAN DIGNITY AS A VALUE TO PROMOTE ACTIVE AGEING IN THE ENTERPRISES". Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11393/251122.

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Ogni azienda che si riconosca socialmente responsabile deve occuparsi dello sviluppo delle carriere dei propri dipendenti da due punti di vista: quello individuale e personale e quello professionale. La carriera all’interno di un’azienda coinvolge, infatti, la persona in quanto individuo con un proprio carattere e una precisa identità e la persona in quanto lavoratore con un bagaglio specifico di conoscenze e competenze. L’azienda ha, quindi, il compito di promuovere carriere professionalmente stimolanti che si sviluppino in linea con i suoi stessi valori, la sua visione e la sua missione. Nel panorama moderno, aziende che sviluppano la propria idea di business nel rispetto dei lavoratori proponendo loro un percorso di crescita, si mostrano senza dubbio lungimiranti. Un tale approccio, però, non basta a far sì che vengano definite socialmente responsabili. I fattori della Responsabilità Sociale d’Impresa sono infatti numerosi e, ad oggi, uno dei problemi principali da affrontare è quello del progressivo invecchiamento della popolazione. Dal momento che la forza lavoro mondiale sta invecchiando e che si sta rispondendo al problema spostando la linea del pensionamento, tutte le aziende sono obbligate a mantenere le persone il più a lungo possibile attive e motivate a lavoro. L’età è spesso visto come un fattore di diversità e di discriminazione, ma nello sviluppare la mia argomentazione, cercherò di dimostrare che una politica del lavoro che supporti l’idea dell’invecchiamento attivo può trasformare questo fattore da limite in opportunità. Il rispetto degli esseri umani, a prescindere dalle differenze legate all’età, dovrebbe essere uno dei valori fondanti di ogni impresa. Nel primo capitolo della tesi, svilupperò il tema della dignità umana così come è stato concepito a partire dalla filosofia greca fino alla modernità. La dignità intesa come valore ontologico, legato all’essenza dell’uomo, diventerà con Kant il fattore di uguaglianza tra tutti gli esseri viventi, la giustificazione del rispetto reciproco. Il concetto di dignità verrà, poi, definito nel secondo capitolo come il principale valore che deve ispirare l’azione sociale delle imprese, come l’elemento che garantisce il rispetto di ogni dipendente che prima ancora di essere un lavoratore è un essere umano. La dignità è ciò che rende l’essere umano degno di essere considerato un fine in se stesso piuttosto che un mezzo per il raggiungimento di un fine esterno. Nell’era della globalizzazione, dove il denaro è il valore principale, gli esseri umani rischiano di diventare un mezzo al servizio dell’economia. A questo punto, il rispetto della dignità deve divenire il fondamento di un ambiente di lavoro che promuove la crescita e la fioritura dell’essere umano. Nel secondo capitolo cercherò quindi di dimostrare come l’idea di dignità possa promuovere un management “umanistico” centrato sul rispetto dell’essere umano. Un’impresa socialmente responsabile può promuovere il rispetto di ogni lavoratore se fa propri i valori di dignità e uguaglianza. Attraverso la teoria dello Humanistic Management che veicola tali valori, il lavoro diventa un luogo in cui l’uomo può esprimere se stesso, la sua identità, le sue conoscenze e competenze. Inoltre, dal momento che la popolazione sta invecchiando, le aziende devono farsi carico della forza lavoro più anziana, come è emerso sopra. A questo punto, nel terzo capitolo, il concetto della Responsabilità Sociale d’Impresa sarà analizzato nel suo legame con i temi dell’invecchiamento attivo e della diversità sul posto di lavoro. Conosciamo diverse ragioni di differenza a lavoro: genere, cultura, etnia, competenze, ma qui ci concentreremo sul fattore età. È naturale che i lavoratori anziani abbiano un’idea di lavoro diversa da quella dei giovani e che le loro abilità siano differenti. Ma questa diversità non deve essere valutata come migliore o peggiore: essa dipende da fattori che analizzeremo e che l’impresa socialmente responsabile conosce e valorizza per creare un ambiente di lavoro stimolante e collaborativo, eliminando possibili conflitti intergenerazionali. Alcune delle teorie che permettono di raggiungere tali obiettivi sono il Diversity Management e l’Age Management: ogni impresa può promuovere pratiche per valorizzare gli anziani, permettendo loro di rimanere più a lungo attivi e proattivi a lavoro e di condividere le proprie conoscenze e competenze. L’ultimo capitolo della tesi si concentrerà su un caso di azienda italiana che ha sviluppato uno strumento di valorizzazione di collaboratori over 65. Sto parlando della Loccioni, presso cui ho svolto la ricerca applicata e che promuove il progetto Silverzone, un network di persone in pensione che hanno conosciuto l’azienda nel corso della loro carriera e che continuano a collaborare con essa ancora dopo il pensionamento. Per capire l’impatto qualitativo e quantitativo che il progetto ha sull’azienda, ho portato avanti un’analisi qualitativa dei dati ottenuti grazie a due tipi di questionari. Il primo ha visto il coinvolgimento dei 16 managers della Loccioni a cui sono state sottoposte le seguenti domande: 1. Chi sono i silver nella tua area di business? Quali i progetti in cui essi sono coinvolti? 2. Qual è il valore del loro supporto per l’azienda? E, allo stesso tempo, quali sono le difficoltà che possono incontrarsi durante queste collaborazioni? 3. Qual è la frequenza degli incontri con i silver? 4. Perché l’azienda ha bisogno di questo network? Successivamente, ho sottoposto un altro questionario agli 81 silver della rete. Di seguito i dettagli: 1. Qual è il tuo nome? 2. Dove sei nato? 3. Dove vivi? 4. Qual è stato il tuo percorso formativo? 5. Qual è stata la tua carriera professionale? 6. Come e con chi è avvenuto il primo contatto Loccioni? 7. Come sei venuto a conoscenza del progetto Silverzone? 8. Con quali dei collaboratori Loccioni stai lavorando? 9. In quali progetti sei coinvolto? 10. Potresti descrivere il progetto in tre parole? 11. Che significato ha per te fare parte di questa rete? 12. Nella tua opinione, come deve essere il Silver? 13. Che tipo di relazioni hai con i collaboratori Loccioni? 14. Quali dimensioni umane (dono, relazione, comunità, rispetto) e professionali (innovazione, tecnologia, rete) emergono lavorando in questo progetto? Il progetto Silverzone è sicuramente una buona pratica di Age Management per mantenere più a lungo attivi i lavoratori over 65. I progetti in cui i Silver sono coinvolti hanno un importante impatto economico sull’impresa, in termini di investimento ma anche di guadagno. Ad ogni modo, qui la necessità di fare profitto, stando a quanto è emerso dai risultati delle interviste, è subordinata al più alto valore del rispetto dei bisogni umani che diventa garante di un posto di lavoro comfortable, dove si riesce a stringere relazioni piacevoli, collaborative e produttive.

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Tesis sobre el tema "Opinions des individus"

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