Artículos de revistas: "Open spaces Design and construction"

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Protsyuk, Marina V. y Natalia I. Barsukova. "BIONIC PLAY FORMS IN OPEN URBAN SPACES". Architecton: Proceedings of Higher Education, n.º 3(71) (29 de septiembre de 2020): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.47055/1990-4126-2020-3(71)-17.

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The typological features of bionic design forms in open urban spaces are considered for the first time. International experiences in the designing of such objects are reviewed from the perspective of not only their artistic characteristics but also play functions. The term «bionic play forms» is proposed, and these forms are broken down into play sculptures, play art objects and play landscapes. Arguments are provided in support of the application of bionic design criteria to the construction of a model of interaction between nature, man and urban environment.

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Kim, Suyeon, Seokjun Han, Sang-Woo Lee y Kyungjin An. "Experts’ Perceptions on the Particulate Matter Reduction Effects of Green Open Space". Sustainability 11, n.º 18 (4 de septiembre de 2019): 4835. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11184835.

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With recent declines in air quality, the significance of urban green spaces and their ecological functions have rapidly increased, especially with regard to the reduction of particulate matter. Various investigations regarding particle reduction in urban green spaces have been conducted; however, specific guidelines to establish empirical data for green spaces and to inform related policies are still lacking. Thus, this study aims to categorize experts’ perceptions of green spaces through Q-methodology and to identify ways to form a consensus, establish policies in the design and construction process, ultimately aiming to enhance particle reduction effects in urban green spaces. As a result, experts’ perceptions were classified into three categories: ‘active support,’ ‘skeptical,’ and ‘passive support’ groups. Experts’ opinions on the particle reduction effects of urban green areas are overarchingly agreed upon; however, the priorities involved and methods used in augmenting green space integration require further analysis and mediation. Additionally, further empirical evidence should be accumulated on the particulate matter reduction effects of urban green areas, including the quantification of particle concentration reduction in urban green spaces and considerations for policy establishment in design and construction.

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Özkan, Doruk Görkem, Elif Merve Alpak y Mustafa Var. "Design and construction process in campus open spaces: A case study of Karadeniz Technical University". URBAN DESIGN International 22, n.º 3 (22 de febrero de 2017): 236–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/s41289-017-0041-0.

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Gonçalves, José Fernando. "Sacred Spaces". Actas de Arquitectura Religiosa Contemporánea 5 (25 de julio de 2018): 220–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17979/aarc.2017.5.0.5153.

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The passage from sacred to secular space confers on religious space a wider functionality that will allow the incorporation of an abstract and open spatial symbolism to different perceptions of the divine to see, feel or invoke God. According to Rudolf Otto, on the Protestant churches the architectonic expression of the numinous is made by three fundamental elements of representation: obscurity, silence and emptiness. As elements that conceptually oppose the concrete or definitive symbol, they acquire a universal meaning that modern architecture itself will incorporate as a process of artistic emancipation.For a contemporary architect to design a religious space thus imposes an inevitable incursion into this Protestant matrix that appeals to the simplicity of forms, to the fidelity of construction and to the aesthetic experience as access to the transcendent. The mortuary chapels I am presenting takes up this contact with the modern constructive knowledge and with the return to the essential sacred place made of space, light and matter.

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MEZENTSEVA, Natalia y Maria PALCHUK. "OPEN PUBLIC SPACES OF KYIV IN THE CONTEXT OF SOCIO-SPATIAL APPROACH". Ekonomichna ta Sotsialna Geografiya, n.º 80 (2018): 18–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2413-7154/2018.80.18-27.

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Urban public spaces determine the identity of the city’s dwellers, ensure the implementation of the communication function. They are constantly changing, characterized by various transformational processes that take place under the influence of various factors in the development of the city. The need for knowledge of contemporary complex and ambiguous processes in cities causes the relevance of the socio-spatial approach to the analysis of the functioning and transformation of public spaces in order to increase the level of comfort of living in cities, and smart management of urban development. In this aspect, Kyiv is a good ground for socio-geographical study of various types of public spaces characterized by intensive traditional and specific transformations. The most significant changes are typical for open public spaces. Therefore, in order to understand the factors of contemporary processes in open public spaces, it is necessary to carry out a socio-spatial analysis of a set of parks, public gardens, boulevards, streets, embankments and squares of the capital. The article presents results of analysis of the peculiarities of Kyiv’s open public spaces functioning and transformation in the context of the socio-spatial approach. The analysis revealed that the network of open public spaces in Kyiv corresponds to the stages of the city’s territorial development. The most widespread directions of open public spaces transformation in Kyiv are commercialization (functioning of objects providing paid cultural and entertainment services), “beautification” (club design, sculpture installation, renovation of street furniture, registration of thematic zones), (home-type behavior of visitors, the use of home decor items), “europeanization” (designing public spaces based on European urban practices), “ideologization”(commemorative practices through giving relevant names to public spaces and/or establishment of monuments), sacralization (restoration or new construction of temples in parks, squares and gardens), orientation towards the potential consumer (differences in planning design and functions depending on location in the urban planning structure) and “elitization” (allocation of facilities with the club effect). These processes make substantial impact on the intensity of the use of open public spaces in different planning zones, changing their functions and prospects of use.

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Rana, Sanjay y Mike Batty. "Visualising the Structure of Architectural Open Spaces Based on Shape Analysis". International Journal of Architectural Computing 2, n.º 1 (enero de 2004): 123–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/1478077041220241.

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Chen, Qiang, Mingyi Du, Qianhao Cheng y Changfeng Jing. "Quantitative Evaluation of Spatial Differentiation for Public Open Spaces in Urban Built-Up Areas by Assessing SDG 11.7: A Case of Deqing County". ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 9, n.º 10 (30 de septiembre de 2020): 575. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9100575.

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Urban public open spaces refer to open space between architectural structures in a city or urban agglomeration that is open for urban residents to conduct public exchanges and hold various activities. Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 11.7 in the 2030 UN Agenda for Sustainable Development clearly states that the distribution characteristics of public open spaces are important indicators to measure the sustainable development of urban ecological society. In 2018, in order to implement the sustainable development agenda, China offered the example of Deqing to the world. Therefore, taking Deqing as an example, this paper uses geographic statistics and spatial analysis methods to quantitatively evaluate and visualize public open spaces in the built area in 2016 and analyzes the spatial pattern and relationship of the population. The results show that the public open spaces in the built-up area of Deqing have typical global and local spatial autocorrelation. The spatial pattern shows obvious differences in different parts of the built area and attributes of public open spaces. According to the results of correlation analysis, it can be seen that the decentralized characteristics of public open spaces have a significant relationship with the population agglomeration, and this correlation is also related to the types of public open spaces. The assessment results by SDG 11.7.1 indicate that the public open spaces in the built-up area of Deqing conform to the living needs of residents on the whole and have a humanized space design and good accessibility. However, the per capita public open spaces of towns and villages outside the built area are relatively low, and there is an imbalance in public open spaces. Therefore, more attention should be paid to constructing urban public open spaces fairly.

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Sletto, Bjorn y Joshua Palmer. "The liminality of open space and rhythms of the everyday in Jallah Town, Monrovia, Liberia". Urban Studies 54, n.º 10 (4 de mayo de 2016): 2360–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098016643475.

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Recent work in African urbanism conceptualises the African city as a metropolis in flux characterised by interconnected mobilities and heterogeneity, in contrast with the dichotomous construction of public versus private space common in development and planning discourse. Instead, open spaces are not purely private nor merely public but can be understood as liminal spaces, produced through the mobilities and rhythms that are constitutive of this urbanity in flux. A fine-grained study of activities and movements in such liminal urban space in the informal settlement of Jallah Town, Monrovia, Liberia, conducted over the course of two months in 2013, suggests that open spaces in this settlement are both heterogeneous and unstable, traced by fluctuating and porous boundaries between complex spatialities that serve multiple, age- and gender-contingent roles. By incorporating GIS-based spatial analysis with rhythmanalysis informed by phenomenological methods, these spatialities emerge as purposefully developed by residents and central to the reproduction of mobilities, rhythms and social networks constitutive of African urbanism. Such fine-grained analysis, in turn, serves to inform democratic and situated urban design and planning practices, especially in informal communities typically dismissed as irregular and illegal.

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Butelski, Kazimierz Leonard. "Contemporary Odeon Buildings as a Sustainable Environment for Culture". Buildings 11, n.º 7 (16 de julio de 2021): 308. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings11070308.

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The subject of this study is contemporary odeons in Poland, where 11 covered amphitheaters (odeons) have been built since 2005. The odeons were selected from a wider collection of 57 functioning amphitheaters. The study collected data on location, form, function, and construction. The data sources included the literature, archival research, design documentation, and competition entries. Descriptive and graphical comparative analyses of the phenomena, based on the statistics for completed structures and on design experiments in the case of unbuilt structures, were the two main research methods used in this study. The emergence and development directions of the typology of open cultural spaces from amphitheaters to odeons are presented in a global and regional context. Their interrelationships, affecting form and function, were also analyzed. The influence of high-end materials that were used to create these complex, large-scale spatial structures, and their impact on the environment, has been presented. The contemporary roofs covering the entertainment and stage complex were analyzed in relation to environmental factors, determining the location of the odeons. The functional aspects of these buildings and their cultural significance on a local, regional and global scale were discussed. The odeon in Biała Podlaska, built in 2019, was chosen as a case study to show, in detail, the complexity of the formation of contemporary odeons. In the discussion on the direction of the further evolution of open spaces for culture, an example of an unrealized competition design proposal of mobile roofing forms for the eighteenth-century amphitheater in the Royal Baths Park in Warsaw, Poland, was presented. The conclusions emphasize the environmental, spatial, functional, social and economic values of the establishment and functioning of contemporary odeons as open spaces of culture that are compliant with the principles of sustainable development.

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Siu, Kin Wai Michael, Jia Xin Xiao y Yi Lin Wong. "Policy, implementation and management of the inclusive design of open space for visually impaired persons". Facilities 37, n.º 5/6 (1 de abril de 2019): 330–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/f-01-2018-0021.

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Purpose This study aims to address policy, implementation and management, the three stages of inclusive open space. It compares both the level of design and implementation of open space in Beijing, Hong Kong and Taipei by following the inclusive guidelines. It also identifies recommendations for policy, implementation and management of inclusive open space and its facilities. Design/methodology/approach Field observations were conducted in 27 parks within three cities. In-depth interviews were conducted with a variety of participants, including visually impaired persons, government officers, representatives of non-governmental organisations, local communities and experts. Findings Most of the so-called inclusive environments and facilities have not been user-friendly in actual practice. The findings suggest that policies are an essential precondition; however, implementation and management must not be ignored because they ensure the effectiveness of inclusive design. Research limitations/implications Comprehensive and continuous studies on the proposed framework are recommended throughout the policy, implementation and management processes. Practical implications The findings serve as a reference and direction for taking a holistic approach to inclusive design of open space in densely populated cities. Social implications This study examines the levels of inclusive open space and illustrates how to provide barrier-free environments that can be used by the widest spectrum of people. Originality/value This study evaluates policy, implementation and management in the three cities based on 29 guidelines generated from seven principles of inclusive design. A research framework is proposed for researchers and policymakers to consider how to achieve effective inclusive open spaces.

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Wu, Wenyuan y Janet Ge Xin. "Communal Space Design of High-Rise Apartments: A Literature Review". Journal of Design and Built Environment 20, n.º 1 (30 de abril de 2020): 35–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/jdbe.vol20no1.4.

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Satisfactory communal space in high-rise apartments helps to create a harmonious living atmosphere and enhance neighbourhood relations. This review summarises and analyses the research on the design of communal areas in high-rise apartments with consideration of five aspects: space division, universal design, security design, landscape design and decoration design. The aim is to achieve a comprehensive understanding of current design concepts relating to communal space in high-rise apartments and to identify key design considerations that are necessary for the development of sustainable high-rise apartments. The paper proceeds with three objectives: (1) to develop a comprehensive policy for communal space to support the sustainable development of high-rise apartments; (2) to identify research on the building materials that can be used to improve the environment of the communal spaces; and, (3) to identify areas that can improve the planning and management of open spaces in high-rise apartments with the help of existing information technology. Overall, this review provides some useful insights for the sustainable development of high-rise apartments in terms of shared-space design, while revealing gaps in the literature and areas for further research.

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Apriza, Yusniarti, Tri Joko Daryanto y Amin Sumadyo. "RUMAH SUSUN DENGAN PENDEKATAN ARSITEKTUR BERKELANJUTAN DI MANGGARAI, JAKARTA SELATAN". Arsitektura 15, n.º 1 (14 de julio de 2017): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/arst.v15i1.11638.

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Abstract: Vertical Housing still become the solution of fulfilling housing needs as dense and slum settlement spread, such as in Manggarai, South Jakarta. Vertical Housing which had been built in Jakarta which had to do a fast construction sometimes ignore the social and economic factors of occupants, as well as the impact of construction to environment. Therefore, the construction of Vertical Housing has to integrate the social, economic, and environmental factor. The problem of design is how to design a form of building such as space and building façade which able to facilitate activities and occupants’ need which is affected by site conditions and social life of occupants. This Vertical Housing aims to get spaces for activities and fulfilling the needs of occupants in the present and the future, and minimizing negative impacts of construction to environment. Design methode based on the concept of Sustainable Architecture because it considers the balancing of social, economic and environmental factors. The implementation of Sustainable Architecture is done by applying five Sustainable Architecture chosen aspects, such as sustainable site and land-use, sustainable energy, sustainable material, sustainable water, and sustainable community. These design aspects of Sustainable Architecture will result some concepts such as provision of shared social and economy spaces, green open spaces, the use of durable and eco-friendly materials, building façade responds to climate, and waste treatment system. Keywords: Economic, Environment, Social, Sustainable Architecture, Vertical Housing

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M.N., Nabiev y Mirzaolimov A. "Greening And Landscaping Of The City Streets". American Journal of Applied sciences 03, n.º 05 (31 de mayo de 2021): 240–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajas/volume03issue05-38.

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Landscape architectural objects, such as architectural and urban planning objects, cannot be realized without a project. The beauty and splendor of our cities and villages will apply not only to the architecture of buildings and structures under construction, but also to the architecture of open spaces, ie landscape architecture, to the design of objects. It should be noted that the appearance of trees and shrubs, which are recommended as green plants, is carefully selected, and it is not just a matter of adapting the plants to local natural conditions.

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Benardou, Agiatis, Michalis Kalamaras, Magdalini Sgouridi y Giannis Tsakonas. "The vision of an open, transferable, hybrid reading hub in urban Greece". Journal of Greek Media & Culture 7, n.º 1 (1 de abril de 2021): 125–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jgmc_00033_3.

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In recent years the traditional concept of the library has been drastically diversified. Libraries appear in different forms, adding collections of content beyond books, expanding already existing services and developing new ones, while focusing on their engagement with audiences. This visual essay presents CLOISTER, a vision of an open, inclusive, non-profit, physical and digital reading space to be located in the heart of the Greek city. CLOISTER is envisioned as a sustainable, transferable and inviting library construction, that aims to disrupt the city flow by offering a new reading and collaboration space. The design of this pop-up library is inspired by the Athenian Agora, with its covered arcades and the open porticos running along building walls. The project aspires to transform Greek city squares by challenging the fixity of reading spaces and empowering the city pulse.

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Manzini, Ezio y Massimo Menichinelli. "Platforms for re-localization. Communities and places in the post-pandemic hybrid spaces". Strategic Design Research Journal 14, n.º 1 (9 de abril de 2021): 351–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4013/sdrj.2021.141.29.

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Beside addressing the emergency, design practice and research could focus on how COVID19 is influencing existing trends in order to strategically plan for a post-pandemic phase where the “new normality” means living in ecological and socio-economic crises. This article focuses on what the pandemic crisis teaches us on the issue of local communities and related digital technologies. How can we design for and with the new kind of communities emerging because of COVID-19? The background of this research is the experimentation and research at the intersection of two themes (as they were before the COVID-19 crisis): the construction of communities related to the place where they are located (community of place), and the design of enabling platforms of re-localizing processes (place-making infrastructure). The article draws an overview of the changes that the pandemic has brought to communities, the emerging hybrid communities of the new normality (i.e., communities before, during and after COVID-19). Finally, it proposes 10 design guidelines for the development of resilient, fair and open platforms supporting and assessing the new emerging hybrid communities and their distributed activities (i.e., platforms for communities after COVID-19).

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Ochieng’, Ahonobadha Marilyn, George Mark Onyango y George Godwin Wagah. "Evaluation of Incorporation of Universal Design Parameters in the Planning Approval Process of Kisumu Main Bus Terminus". East African Journal of Arts and Social Sciences 3, n.º 1 (5 de enero de 2021): 12–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.37284/eajass.3.1.261.

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Consideration of the normate template by designers usually leads to the production of living spaces that fail to meet most of the spatial requirements of would-be users. This phenomenon arises due to the fact that the normate template keeps a walking and fleshy body at the centre of thinking about design. As a result, the template fails to consider additional space requirements for bodies that use technologies to navigate space. In order to sustain itself, the normate template relies upon the impression that normates are normal, average, and majority bodies. When built-up spaces block out potential users, then the viewpoint which is reinforced is that certain spaces are meant only for those who are “privileged” to use these spaces independently. The presence of accessible spaces on the other hand confirms that designers hold that built environments should serve all potential users regardless of physical stature. Universal Design thereby provides a platform for making the weakest person in society strong through design. Embracement of a Universal Design perspective therefore becomes a stepping stone in the provision of public spaces that are accessible to all- regardless of physical stature. This study, therefore, evaluated the incorporation of Universal Design parameters in the design process of public spaces in Kisumu City. The study established that Universal Design requirements are usually executed only on new constructions. There is a need, therefore for major renovations to take place in buildings open to the public that are not necessarily classified as “new” constructions.

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Madrazo, Leandro. "The Social Construction of a Neighbour-Hood Identity". Open House International 44, n.º 1 (1 de marzo de 2019): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-01-2019-b0009.

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The urban renewal process in neighbourhoods with well-rooted communities often reveals the ties between people and spaces, and highlights the inextricable links between social and physical structures. The residents of three neighbour-hoods in the city of Barcelona–Trinitat Nova, Plus Ultra and Vallcarca–have endured and fought against the threat of radical urban renewals planned by the municipal authorities for decades, and their efforts have only recently been rewarded with the acceptance of their demands by local administrations. In this period, residents organized themselves to defend their vision of the place against official plans, a vision which was a collective construction of personal memories and historical evidences. In the PROHABIT research project, we have undertaken an interdisciplinary study, involving architects-planners and social and environmental psychologists, to understand the process of construction of a sense of community and place identity in three neighbourhoods. The study has highlighted the need to overcome the divisions between social sciences and design disciplines, between the real world of experience and the abstract world of design thinking. In this regard, the work conducted in this project offers some insights into the need to create a holistic understanding of today's urban environment, and how architects and planners need to develop skills and methods to enable them to form part of the open and participatory planning systems which our contemporary urban environments demand.

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Jansz, Sascha Naomi, Terry van Dijk y Mark P. Mobach. "Facilitating campus interactions – critical success factors according to university facility directors". Facilities 39, n.º 9/10 (7 de mayo de 2021): 585–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/f-03-2020-0031.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate which critical success factors (CSFs) influence interaction on campuses as identified by the facility directors (FDs) of Dutch university campuses and to discuss how these compare with the literature. Design/methodology/approach All 13 Dutch university campus FDs were interviewed (office and walking interview), focussing on CSFs relating to spaces and services that facilitate interaction. Open coding and thematic analysis resulted in empirically driven categories indicated by the respondents. Similarities and differences between the CSFs as previously identified in the literature are discussed. Findings The following categories emerged: constraints, motivators, designing spaces, designing services, building community and creating coherence. The campus is seen as a system containing subsystems and is itself part of a wider system (environment), forming a layered structure. Constraints and motivators are part of the environment but cannot be separated from the other four categories, as they influence their applicability. Research limitations/implications This study was limited to interviews with FDs and related staff. The richness of the findings shows that this was a relevant and efficient data collection strategy for the purpose of this study. Practical implications By viewing the campus as an open system, this study puts the practical applicability of CSFs into perspective yet provides a clear overview of CSFs related to campus interaction that may be included in future campus design policies. Social implications This (more) complete overview of CSFs identified in both literature and practice will help FDs, policymakers and campus designers to apply these CSFs in their campus designs. This improved campus design would increase the number of knowledge sharing interactions, contributing to innovation and valorisation. This could create a significant impact in all research fields, such as health, technology or well-being, benefitting society as a whole. Originality/value This study provides a comprehensive overview and comparison of CSFs from both literature and practice, allowing more effective application of CSFs in campus design policies. A framework for future studies on CSFs for interaction on campuses is provided.

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Lebedeva, Jelena y Petras Grecevičius. "ASPECTS OF CULTURAL LANDSCAPE APPLICATION ON CLASSICAL STAGE ART. BALLET PERFORMANCE IN THE OPEN SPACE AS A SIGNIFICANT ELEMENT OF THE CULTURAL LANDSCAPE / KULTŪRINIO KRAŠTOVAIZDŽIO PRITAIKYMO KLASIKINIAM SCENOS MENUI ASPEKTAI. BALETO SPEKTAKLIS ATVIROJE ERDVĖJE, KAIP REIKŠMINGAS KULTŪRINIO KRAŠTOVAIZDŽIO ELEMENTAS". Mokslas – Lietuvos ateitis 8, n.º 1 (28 de abril de 2016): 84–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mla.2016.882.

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The article examines the applications aspects of cultural landscape for the preparation of the classical performing arts staging. Research findings highlighted that the cultural landscape (parks, estates, castles, bastions, etc. objects) occupies an increasingly important role in public recreation and classical art development programs. At the same time it is noted that event’s aesthetic and emotional quality suffers due to the fact that no specific attention was given for the preparation of the event space. More methodological materials are necessary for preparation of this type of design spaces. In Lithuania classical performing arts events in cultural landscape open spaces are based on XVI–XVII century tradition and has good prospects for modern development. A review of some of the classical art events installations, based on the importance of quality of open spaces influence on the emotional impact, that should be an integral part of the cultural event. The author summarizes his experience of ballet events in open spaces in the cultural landscape – Klaipėda, Trakai. Presented is Tchaikovsky's ballet “Swan Lake” construction in Klaipėda John Hill project that includes infrastructure and environmental design concept: audience space, stage design, stage design performance solutions. Analogous key decisions are later adapted to the ballet performance in the natural environment of the lake Trakai. Experience of this project dictated the necessity of deeper understanding and methodological basis for the classical performing arts analysis and design. Straipsnyje nagrinėjami kultūrinio kraštovaizdžio pritaikymo ir parengimo klasikinio scenos meno pastatymams aspektai. Atlikto tyrimo išvadoje akcentuojama, kad kultūrinio kraštovaizdžio (parkų, dvarų, pilių, bastionų, kt. objektų) potencialo panaudojimas pastaruoju metu užima vis svarbesnį vaidmenį visuomenės rekreacijos bei klasikinio meno vystymo programose. Tuo pat metu pastebėta, kad renginių estetinė bei emocinė kokybė nukenčia dėl to, kad renginio erdvės parengimui neskiriama reikiamo dėmesio. Tokio pobūdžio erdvių projektavimui trūksta metodinės medžiagos. Lietuvoje klasikinio scenos meno renginiai kultūrinio kraštovaizdžio atvirose erdvėse remiasi XVI–XVII amžiaus tradicijomis ir turi geras perspektyvas šiuolaikiniam vystymui. Apžvelgus kai kuriuos klasikinio meno renginių pastatymus, pagrįsta atvirų erdvių kokybės emocinės įtakos svarba, kuri turėtų būti neatsiejama kultūrinio renginio dalis. Straipsnio autorė apibendrina savo patirtį organizuojant baleto renginius atvirose kultūrinio kraštovaizdžio erdvėse – Klaipėdoje, Trakuose. P. Čaikovskio baleto „Gulbių ežeras“ pastatymo Klaipėdos Jono kalnelyje projekte pateikta renginio infrastruktūros ir aplinkos dizaino koncepcija, apimanti žiūrovinės erdvės, scenos konstrukcijos, spektaklio scenografijos sprendimus. Analogiški pagrindiniai sprendimai adaptuoti ir vėliau įvykusiame baleto spektaklyje Trakų ežero gamtinėje aplinkoje. Šių projektų patirtis padiktavo gilesnės kultūrinio kraštovaizdžio pritaikymo klasikinio scenos meno analizės ir projektavimo metodikos pagrindimo būtinybę.

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Cukovic-Ignjatovic, Natasa, Dusan Ignjatovic y Budimir Sudimac. "Potentials for improving energy performance of multifamily housing blocks connected to the district heating system". Thermal Science 22, Suppl. 4 (2018): 1183–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci170612228c.

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Developments conceived following the principles of Athens Charter were typical form of urban answer to the post-war housing shortage and during the decades of intense construction activity that followed. In city of Belgrade, multifamily housing in open city blocks built between 1961 and 1990 account for about 40% of current housing stock. The current ownership and operation of these housing blocks derive from their socialist legacy: home-owners rights relate only to the buildings, excluding any open spaces, even the ones immediately along the building?s perimeter. On the other hand, heating is supplied by district heating system. Management of open spaces as well as provision of district heating are subordinates to local municipality (the city of Belgrade). Energy efficiency related refurbishment options for these developments that would engage both the home-owners and the public companies may be the key for bringing ever-needed modernization, prolonged lifespan and a sustainable way of using this portion of housing stock. By applying simple architectural measures, energy demand for heating of these buildings can be reduced by 30-78%, which opens a pathway for effective use of renewable energy sources. Unlike solar energy, which can be managed at building level, geothermal energy can be exploited only at the district level due to the ownership rights. The presented research explores the effectiveness of using geo-thermal energy at a district level coupled with systematic approach to building refurbishment, taking the advantage of the repetitive use of the same building design and the formal and practical relations with local authorities.

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Lafton, Tove y Anne Furu. "Constructing learning spaces – knowledge development in work-based learning". Higher Education, Skills and Work-Based Learning 9, n.º 4 (11 de noviembre de 2019): 677–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/heswbl-07-2017-0039.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to discuss how kindergarten, as a learning arena equal to a university college, creates learning spaces that engage or intervene in the professional learning of student teachers in early childhood education. Design/methodology/approach This paper is based on narratives from students in work-based education. Findings The paper addresses the complexity of education by outlining how the concept of learning is applied in earlier research on work-based learning (WBL). Research limitations/implications This earlier understanding is complemented this with two theoretical lenses (sociocultural and sociomaterial thinking) to analyse a constructed narrative from the students. Originality/value The two theoretical positions open up to examine knowledge development and potentially enrich the picture of learning spaces in experiential WBL, going beyond the student as an individual learner.

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Santoianni, Flavia y Alessandro Ciasullo. "Digital and Spatial Education Intertwining in The Evolution of Technology Resources for Educational Curriculum Reshaping and Skills Enhancement". International Journal of Digital Literacy and Digital Competence 9, n.º 2 (abril de 2018): 34–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijdldc.2018040103.

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The aim of this research is to deepen how digital education has been intertwined with spatial education throughout the evolution of technology resources. In the last years, the user experience has been improved by open-source, collaborative user-generated, and immersive content – starting from multimedia/hypermedia architectures to synthetic learning environments. This research analyses which spatial design principles have influenced multimedia/hypermedia, collaborative web 2.0 interfaces, and more recently the synthetic environments of virtual worlds. The evolution of technology resources supports the hypothesis of a continuous intertwining between digital and spatial education since multimedia/hypermedia architectures, in which spatial knowledge may play a significant role in web-based design according to individual differences in hypermedia fruition, prior knowledge in the field, and personal experience in web-based instruction. In collaborative user-generated content technology, visual presentation facilitates learning co-construction and spaces are intended as synchronous and asynchronous virtual knowledge spaces of communication. In 3D virtual learning environments, spatial interaction is really developed and may open full accessibility to further studies on digital and spatial education. In the joined field of learning and ICT, the main scope of digital technology knowledge sharing, and re-shaping, is the enhancement of digital skills based on experiences in educational activities and the re-thinking of the nature and the format of educational curriculum to implement more experiences in the digital – and, possibly, spatial – fields.

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23

Miano, Andrea y Giovanni Chiumiento. "An Innovative School Building Design in the Town of Montemiletto". Open Civil Engineering Journal 14, n.º 1 (14 de septiembre de 2020): 200–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874149502014010200.

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Background: This paper presents an innovative design for a school building, awarded in the concourse “Scuole innovative”, published by the italian Ministry of Education, University and Research. The new school building is located in a newly built urban area of Montemiletto (Avellino, Italy), at the south-east of the Leonessa castle and the ancient nucleus of the town. The Comprehensive Institute that includes a kindergarten, a primary school and a secondary school, is proposed as a Civic Center, an “urban place”, characterized by new spaces of relationship and aggregation. Objective: The main idea of the project design is the creation of an innovative school with respect to the architectural, structural and plant system aspects and to the energetic efficiency and characterized by the presence of new environments of learning and openness to the territory. Materials and Methods: The project proposals can be summarized in the different points: a) unit of the morphological-settlement solution and the articulation of the Civic Center, to be identified as new reference point in the city; b) adherence of the characters of the school to the landscape and visual connection with the castle; c) urban and architectural role of the system of the paths and connections, which surround and enter in the intervention area; d) extension and permeation between the natural and artificial environments assigning to the roof the task of increasing open spaces; e) accentuation of the public and multi-functional character of the different spaces, so that the school can be a place for meeting and comparison, in which it is possible to test new ways of teaching; f) use of different types of green open spaces as gardens, flowerbeds, educational vegetable gardens that change with the seasons, sporting fields, cycle-forgave routes among the green. Moreover, with respect to the structural aspects, seismic isolation at the basis of the building is proposed. This paper focuses mainly on the aspects related to energy and environmental sustainability and life cycle cost with reference to the case study design. The goal is to reduce the impact on the ecosystem, trying to make the school building organic to the existing environment. The containment of energy consumption for the air conditioning of the rooms is done through the isolation of the massive walls of the façade, covered with local stone (Irpinia breccia) and polycarbonate. Water-saving is obtained by reusing rainwater for the irrigation of vegetable gardens, vegetation and sanitary use. Results and Conclusion: The use of recycled materials and components is proposed: the Irpinia breccia covering the façade and, with different grain sizes, the external roofing and flooring; the polycarbonate; the polyester insulation; the outdoor furniture in recycled wood. In addition, dry reinforced concrete construction technologies are chosen. Definitively, the main concept is to have “a school in the park”.

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24

Jensen, Nickolaj Feldt, Søren Peter Bjarløv, Christopher Just Johnston, Casper Fabian Hillestrøm Pold, Morten Hjorslev Hansen y Ruut Hannele Peuhkuri. "Hygrothermal assessment of north-facing, cold attic spaces under the eaves with varying structural roof scenarios". Journal of Building Physics 44, n.º 1 (5 de diciembre de 2019): 3–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1744259119891753.

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The objective of this study was to test whether compliance with the current Danish best practice recommendations concerning design of the cold attic space will prevent damaging moisture levels. The project was performed as a full-scale experimental setup in the cool temperate climate of Denmark. The setup comprised 18 north-facing attic spaces with varying ventilation principles and varying infiltration scenarios. The relative humidity and temperature were measured in attic spaces, indoor and outdoor, for almost 3 years. The hygrothermal performance of the attics was evaluated by post-processing and comparing the data with predicted mould growth risk and with visual observations of mould growth. The results showed that following the recommended passive ventilation strategies made the hygrothermal performance in attics with diffusion-open roofing underlay worse. In addition, increasing vapour diffusion tightness of the roofing underlay made the hygrothermal performance of the cold attic spaces under the eaves worse, except for attics with passive ventilation but without infiltration. The hygrothermal performance of the attics with diffusion-tight roofing underlay was poor when combining infiltration and the assessed ventilation strategy. The performance of the same attic without infiltration showed that some degree of ventilation was needed. External roof insulation did not significantly improve the hygrothermal performance of the attic.

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25

Cermasi, Olimpia. "Contemporary landscape urbanism principles as innovative methodologies: the design of an armature of public spaces for the revitalisation of a shrinking city". Journal of Public Space 2, n.º 2 (11 de octubre de 2017): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/jps.v2i2.97.

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This paper explores the potentials of a series of Landscape Urbanism strategies for the revitalisation of a 'shrinking city', through the construction of an armature of public spaces and the reactivation of collective activities and social encounters. Looking through a series of theoretical approaches and case studies, mostly associated with Landscape Urbanism theory, this paper looks for typical interventions in the design of public spaces in a pattern of decreased socioeconomic activities. In addition, the paper provides an original contribution in the form of a review of a Studio research project developed during a Master of Science in Architecture and Urban Design at Columbia University, New York, in 2008. In more detail, the first part of the paper introduces the theme of shrinking cities with a series of theoretical approaches and a toolkit of possible interventions. The theoretical approaches derive from a new consideration of the contemporary city in the light of its spatial morphology. This is described through an excursus of previous studies and contributions to the analysis of the urban form and to the change of state that many cities are experiencing together with the decaying of their economic activities. A few case studies, beginning with the project by Oswald Mathias Ungers on the city of Berlin, further explore the role of open, 'left over spaces' in providing opportunities for a networked system of public spaces in contemporary urban conditions. The last part of the paper introduces a series of strategies that respond to similar situations on Governors Island, in New York, and the small town of Cohoes, in the State of New York. In particular, in the case of Cohoes, the proposal looks for opportunities in the existing downtown area- and articulates a series of strategies focused on the reprogramming and conversion of the existing 'left-over' open spaces- to turn them into 'public spaces'. These mechanisms aim to trigger several micro processes within the project, in order to follow through on the shrinking pattern in a positive, ecologic way. The last part of the paper offers a critique of the theories and case studies analysed, using these case studies as a way to test the theories already reviewed. Moreover, the conclusions introduce some definitions of networks from the theory of Space Syntax. In this way, the paper offers itself as a theoretical tool for the approach to shrinking cities and their evolutionary patterns through the design of an armature of public spaces.

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26

Berizzi, Carlo, Salvatore Nirta, Gaia Nerea Terlicher y Luca Trabattoni. "Sustainable and Affordable Prefabricated Construction: Developing a Natural, Recycled, and Recyclable Mobile Home". Sustainability 13, n.º 15 (25 de julio de 2021): 8296. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13158296.

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Outdoor tourism is a form of outdoor holiday that is growing rapidly today, and that stands out from other forms of tourism for its immediate relationship with the landscape which becomes for the tourist the main attraction of the holiday intended as a break from ordinary urban life. Outdoor tourism today represents a growing percentage in the tourism sector, in which mobile homes are the real players. Despite the considerable use of this product in open-air accommodations located in relevant landscapes, there is still no sensitivity in the constructive approach and in the choice of materials in terms of sustainability. In the open-air tourism sector, the lack of ecological sensitivity results from two levels of application: one regarding the whole settlement and the public spaces of outdoor accommodations and one regarding the mobile unit from the design to the production process. This paper will provide some practical strategies to introduce the ecological theme in the mobile home for the tourism sector. The research aims to analyze the production system of mobile homes in order to introduce alternative materials within the existing assembly line. The research demonstrates the possibility of a product being sustainable both economically and environmentally, healthy, and well-integrated with landscape by adopting an approach that makes it possible to use the same assembly line currently in use.

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27

Friedman, Avi. "Circulation and Open Space in Affordable Townhouse Communities". Open House International 38, n.º 2 (1 de junio de 2013): 6–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-02-2013-b0002.

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Contemporary environmental and economic factors make the construction of narrow-front townhouses a continuous attraction. As affordability is a primary concern for many homebuyers, opting to buy a townhouse can provide the cost savings they are seeking. With their dense planning pattern, building townhouses results in the reduced cost of services and land and affordability is achieved. However, limitations to community planning occur, namely, challenges to circulation and open space. These are two critical issues that need to be resolved early on; using principles and case studies, this paper will offer strategies for maximizing efficiency and functionality in communities that use townhouses as their main design feature. In designing communities with townhouses, it is imperative to begin by paying close attention to roads and parking as well as location and content of public and private open spaces. These issues will define the character of the community. When choices are made about the location of the dwellings in conjunction with these aspects, a liveable place will emerge and the stigma associated with developments with low-cost townhouses will be alleviated. Despite the fact that townhouses are a building typology rooted in earlier centuries, its many attributes makes it relevant to our time. It preserves the advantage of private residential living, yet offers higher density and the possibility to create sustainable communities.

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28

Ratti, Carlo y Nick Baker. "Urban infoscapes: new tools to inform city design and planning". Architectural Research Quarterly 7, n.º 1 (marzo de 2003): 63–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1359135503001994.

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During the past decades, many computer tools have been developed to assist in the environmental design of individual buildings. Heat, light, sound and especially energy consumption can be analyzed in many different packages. This is not generally true for urban design, especially at the medium scale. Although it is widely assumed that urban texture – the pattern of streets, building heights, open spaces and so on – will determine environmental quality both in the buildings and outside, tools for investigating the connections are sparse. The need for medium-scale understanding is confirmed by Givoni (1989):‘The outdoor temperature, wind speed and solar radiation to which an individual building is exposed is not the regional “synoptic” climate, but the local microclimate as modified by the “structure” of the city, mainly of the neighbourhood where the building is located.’This paper describes how novel image-processing algorithms could be applied in urban areas to calculate a wide number of parameters. These parameters allow the construction of what we could call ‘urban infoscapes’: a layered collection of information on cities, that can be successfully used to inform urban design and planning.

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29

Bryden, James E., Laurel B. Andrew y Jan S. Fortuniewicz. "Work Zone Traffic Accidents Involving Traffic Control Devices, Safety Features, and Construction Operations". Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1650, n.º 1 (enero de 1998): 71–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1650-09.

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There were 496 work zone traffic accidents on New York State Department of Transportation construction projects from 1994 through 1996. These accidents involved impacts with work zone traffic control devices and safety features; construction features, such as pavement bumps and joints; drainage features; excavations and materials; and construction vehicles, equipment, and workers. These items, which include all of the features introduced into the roadway environment by construction activity, represent one-third of all work zone accidents and 37 percent of those involving serious injury. Channelizing devices, arrow panels, signs, and other traffic control devices generally resulted in little harm when impacted. Impact attenuators, both fixed and truck mounted, also performed well. Although portable concrete barriers prevent vehicle intrusions, impacts with barrier are severe events. Barriers must be properly designed and limited to only those locations where they are needed to protect more serious hazards. Construction vehicles, equipment, and workers were involved in over 20 percent of all work zone accidents, resulting in serious injuries. Although intrusions by private vehicles into work spaces are a serious concern, construction vehicles, equipment, and workers in open travel lanes are also a serious concern. Good design of work zone traffic control plans, combined with adequate training and supervision of workers, is essential to control both concerns.

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30

Fusaro, Gioia, Francesco D’Alessandro, Giorgio Baldinelli y Jian Kang. "Design of urban furniture to enhance the soundscape: A case study". Building Acoustics 25, n.º 1 (15 de febrero de 2018): 61–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1351010x18757413.

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In modern urban scenarios, all the aspects of the historical heritage, including public open spaces and ancient buildings, have to meet the high increase of density of infrastructures and constructions, with the consequent change of visual and sound environments. This in turn affects people’s quality of life. Because of the growing interest on this problem, this study investigates the relationship between soundscape and design solutions for urban furniture, considering technical and environmental feasibility of the designing process, from the materials characteristics, to the acoustic and psychoacoustic impact of the tool on the user. The process includes the acoustic suitability of three-dimensional printing materials, the suitability of acoustic design using software simulation, the experimental assessment of the performance of the three-dimensional printed prototype and the statistical evaluation of the chosen studying parameters and conditions. This article describes all the stages of the designing process, with a focus on the study of shapes and volumes of the prototype and on its impact on the user’s perception. FEM simulations and experimental tests performed in a semi-anechoic chamber allowed to validate the design process. These analyses proved that the designed prototype of urban furniture can not only positively influence the physical environment but also the psychoacoustic perception of it.

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31

Hernández, Luis A., Javier Taibo, David Blanco, José A. Iglesias, Antonio Seoane, Alberto Jaspe y Rocío López. "Physically Walking in Digital Spaces — A Virtual Reality Installation for Exploration of Historical Heritage". International Journal of Architectural Computing 5, n.º 3 (septiembre de 2007): 487–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/147807707782581783.

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Immersive Virtual Reality Systems have been extensively used during recent years for the exploration of architectonic spaces. This paper describes how the use of transitable immersive virtual reality systems, that is, those that allow the user to physically walk while exploring the virtual world, can greatly empower the experience of perception of space in architecture. The text describes a particular example of one installation of this kind that was developed by the authors and how it was implemented for the interactive experience of the virtual reconstruction of a housing unit on a pre-roman settlement. This installation is open to the public as part of a permanent exhibition and constitutes the final output of the research at this time.

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32

Benko, Melinda. "The ‘Closed/Open’ Duality in Contemporary Urban Form". Open House International 35, n.º 3 (1 de septiembre de 2010): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-03-2010-b0006.

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One of the innumerable ways to systemise contemporary European urban projects is to analyse the urban form originates from the master-plan concept. The duality of closed and open urban situations is an excellent conceptual tool for classification. This classification helps us to recognise, understand and represent the diversity of the city, as it is present on each level of a settlement and architecture. In the case of “Solid-oriented” projects construction and emplacement of buildings are the main goals. The principle of “Solid-oriented” projects are based on two very different, still existing traditions One is the classical European closed block structure, while the other one is the Modernist open urban system. Today we can identify two new approaches combining those two traditions in different ways. Urban transparency preserves streets, the effect of enclosure, and the dominance of buildings. At the same time density is coupled with spaciousness, blocks are fractured and the environment becomes more complex even within one block. The in-between method, based on the idea of structuralism, attempts to balance the importance of mass and space and creates permeable blocks in a new open urban structure. Besides creating urban volumes or buildings in the city, there is a new type of challenge in contemporary urban design. Since the 1990's attention has shifted to cityscape, i.e. to re-interpreting and reforming open spaces. The international literature calls this un-volumetric architecture. The duality of openness and closedness also appears here. While openness seems to dominate urban situations in contemporary cities, buildings are predominantly used in a closed manner.

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33

Islam, Rezuana y Khandaker Shabbir Ahmed. "Indoor Thermal Environment and Occupant’s Living Pattern of Traditional Timber Houses in Tropics". Designs 5, n.º 1 (14 de febrero de 2021): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/designs5010010.

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Traditional timber houses in tropics have specific environmental characteristics that evolved considering material constraints, local construction technology and climate. To provide occupants with the necessary comfort, these naturally ventilated houses adopted several passive design strategies. Moreover, occupants have unique living patterns which may have contributed towards achieving indoor thermal comfort. However, scientific knowledge regarding these issues is still limited. Therefore, considering traditional timber houses of Bangladesh as sample cases, this study aims to investigate existing relationship between an indoor thermal environment and an occupant’s living pattern within these tropical houses. Physical measurement of thermal parameters and questionnaire surveys followed by personal observations were conducted. Findings show that indoor air temperature (AT °C) fluctuates readily with that outdoors without a timelag resulting in daytime overheating. The occupant’s daytime thermal sensation is mostly slightly warm to hot. Semi-open and outdoor shaded spaces become a way to cope with the daytime overheating period. Occupants frequently use indoor spaces during the night when thermal sensation ranges between neutral to slightly cool. Finally, from the findings an interpretational graph has been developed relating indoor thermal environment with occupant’s living pattern within a traditional timber house. Findings will contribute to professionals and policy-makers developing architectural design strategies that may impact the occupant’s well-being in future.

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34

Nik Hassin, Nik Siti Fatimah y Alamah Misni. "Assessing the Thermal Performance of Negeri Sembilan Traditional Malay House towards Sustainable Practice". Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal 4, n.º 12 (31 de diciembre de 2019): 289. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v4i12.1914.

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Traditional Malay house has characteristics of the passive thermal design that naturally practices climatic design strategies. Currently, Urban Heat Island (UHI), causing an increase in energy consumption for cooling purposes, especially in the residential sectors. Consequently, modern building construction has a poor passive thermal design. This study aims to assess the thermal performance of Negeri Sembilan traditional Malay house towards sustainable practice in the tropical environment. The main finding shows that house openings allow natural cross-ventilation, while less strategic house orientation towards climate factors and lightweight materials used contributes to the uncomfortable of the interior spaces reaches as much as 35ºC during the peak time of the day. This study highlights ideas and knowledge in improving the construction technology for modern architecture to produce an effective indoor thermal performance in a tropical environment. Keywords: Malay House; Traditional Architecture; Thermal Performance; Tropical; EnvironmenteISSN: 2398-4287 © 2019. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v4i12.1914

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35

CSETE, Maria y Attila BUZASI. "CLIMATE-ORIENTED ASSESSMENT OF MAIN STREET DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT IN BUDAPEST". JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT 24, n.º 4 (16 de diciembre de 2016): 258–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16486897.2016.1185431.

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Main streets play pivotal role in urban areas in terms of economic, social, moreover environmental contexts. Such streets are generally situated in densely built-up areas, where the adverse effects of climate change, such as rising temperature and changing precipitation patterns occur emphatically. Increasing urban heat island effect or extreme amount of runoff water during severe storms and floods significantly decrease the adaptive capacity of a city, consequently its residents becoming more vulnerable. Therefore involving climate-oriented design principles into planning and construction phase contributes to reach more sustainable and climate-friendly open spaces what are strongly relevant especially in main streets which are designed for a great amount of people. Present study provides a criteria matrix for assessing the climate-friendly level of recently renewed main streets in Budapest. Due to this assessment tool the adaptation and mitigation performance of the selected projects can be evaluated. For identifying strengths and weaknesses of a given project, a rating scheme has been applied by selecting and using 42 indicators grouped into mitigation, adaptation and awareness raising categories. Thus planners, decision-makers and other stakeholders can easily define future opportunities and challenges, accordingly this study may contribute to take urban street design practices toward climate-friendliness by paying more attention on changing local weather patterns and related consequences.

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36

Khan, Ali Hussein, Siti Sarah Herman y Mohamad Fakri Zaky Jaafar. "The Influence of Wind Effects on Architectural Buildings Heights in Iraqi Residential Buildings Based on Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulations". Journal of Construction in Developing Countries 26, n.º 1 (30 de julio de 2021): 63–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.21315/jcdc2021.26.1.4.

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The gradient of height in buildings is the most common way to prepare a comfortable environment and to increase wind forces around the buildings. This study assessed various design choices that enable architectural buildings to have different heights using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation to analyse wind conditions. Nonetheless, wind effects may create uncomfortable zones around high buildings and may be hazardous for pedestrians in open spaces. As such, this study looked into pedestrian level wind (PLW) to enhance the wind environment of buildings in Iraqi climate. Wind characteristics may create a range of disturbance levels that affect pedestrian areas. Iraqi residential buildings were taken as case study to quantitatively analyse the outdoor buildings at PLW, so as to generate some ideas and solutions between CFD simulation analysis and architectural design to yield an optimal model.

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37

Viganò, Paola. "Palimpsest Metaphor: Figures and Spaces of the Contemporary Project". Urban Planning 5, n.º 2 (30 de junio de 2020): 167–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/up.v5i2.3251.

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What are the consequences of the use of the palimpsest metaphor on the construction of the contemporary project? The metaphor casts criticism on the modern project and opens to the long-term (longue durée). The investigation of territorial rationalities brings to the fore these temporal dimensions and the organizational structures of space. Understanding territorial rationalities is inescapable to define the basis of any exploration of the future of territorial, urban-rural configurations. The metaphor of the palimpsest alludes to the meeting/clash between different times, endless modifications and transformations. Until the use of the support is not so serious as to question its very existence, directions, dynamics and, at times, fortuitous encounters interweave on its shriveled skin; forms of power and violence are measured there, which, in turn, will generate new conflicts. “Unintentional monuments” are places where this intensity of pure overlapping disconnected intentions become monumental and the substance of a project, revealing, celebrating and exposing their landscapes, as episodes of collective human and environmental history. The palimpsest as a figure in the contemporary project is not only a criticism of the modern space, but the expression of a change of direction in the design activity, of its social role and of the theories intended to support it: Design space in the second degree.

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38

Kidder, Tristram R. "Plazas as Architecture: An Example from the Raffman Site, Northeast Louisiana". American Antiquity 69, n.º 3 (julio de 2004): 514–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4128404.

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Research at the Raffman site (16MA20), a multi-mound center in the Lower Mississippi Valley of northeast Louisiana, demonstrates that the plaza was purposefully built and extended on its northern end. Construction entailed significant earth-moving and labor effort in addition to the erection of mounds flanking the plaza. At Raffman plaza, building is dated ca. A.D. 700–1000. Like the mounds at the site, the arrangement, shape, and dimensions of the plaza changed through time. The final plan of the plaza was the result of a rapid major reconfiguration of the spatial layout of the site at approximately A.D. 1000. The effort expended on planning and construction of the plaza at Raffman and similar features at contemporary and later sites in the southeastern United States indicates that plazas are not just empty spaces that developed because architecture enclosed an open area; they must be understood as one of the central design elements of community planning and intrasite spatial organization. Further research should be devoted to exploring how southeastern mound-and-plaza groups were constructed with specific efforts devoted to comprehending how plazas were laid out and built.

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39

Zhao, Tianjiao y Kin Wai Michael Siu. "Freedom and control: a state of balance in public space". Facilities 32, n.º 11/12 (4 de agosto de 2014): 606–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/f-08-2012-0064.

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Purpose – The purpose of this study is to determine how to achieve a balance between freedom and control in public space. It analyses the relationship between freedom and control to identify phenomena and offer users and policymakers instructions for achieving that balance. Public space, including privately owned public space, is important to urban living. People have both the right to use public space and the responsibility to protect it. Both freedom and control should exist in public space in an appropriate combination. It is impossible and inappropriate for us to ask for absolute freedom or endure unreasonable control. Design/methodology/approach – A case study of Hong Kong’s Mass Transit Railway (MTR) reveals typical freedom/control relationships. Quantitative descriptions are given based on field observations. Findings – Freedom and control are primary factors affecting the quality of urban life and management of city space. They depend on and conflict with each other. The balance between freedom and control is a balance between diverse spaces. The “freedom space” belonging to both citizens and authorities determines whether freedom and control are balanced. Ethics and strategies constitute control. Only when each authority and user obtains a proper freedom space can freedom and control achieve balance in public space. Research limitations/implications – Freedom and control differ across cities because they are both affected by culture, history and tradition. As each city has its own characteristics, the freedom and control in each open space are distinctive. Balancing freedom and control requires an understanding of a city’s background and the era. While this paper does not attempt to achieve this understanding, further studies could devote more attention to dimensions of time and location. Practical implications – The findings provide recommendations for users, policymakers and construction and management companies that will allow the management of harmonious and high-quality open spaces. Social implications – Freedom and control are two main factors affecting quality of life. The balance between freedom and control may bring a harmony and stable society environment. It would benefit both the authority and the people a lot. Originality/value – This study provides a systematic analysis of freedom and control in public space and makes a valuable contribution to quality urban space policy, design and management.

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40

Kuzmina, N. M. y A. V. Fedorov. "Features of the use of cultivars of the genus Canna L. in landscape construction of cities in Udmurtia". Plant Biology and Horticulture: theory, innovation, n.º 155 (16 de noviembre de 2020): 59–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.36305/2712-7788-2020-2-155-59-71.

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A striking element in the floral design of green spaces is Canna×generalis. One of the reasons for the low prevalence of this crop is the complexity of preserving planting material and its high cost. To solve the problem of preservation of Canna×generalis rhizomes grown in the Middle Urals, studies were conducted with the storage of large rhizomes (bud diameter from 2.6 cm to 4 cm) and small fractions (bud diameter from 1.0 cm to 2.5 cm) in various ways - open (air-dry) and in sand. The analysis of amylase activity, starch and sugar content at the beginning and end of the rhizome storage period, and the number of sprouted buds at the end of the storage period was performed. Open storage of C.×generalis rhizomes was found to be the optimal storage method, which was evaluated by a total of 24 points. During this storage, there was a high activity of awakening the buds before planting in the ground (more than 50%) and getting a more even seedling. This storage method is suitable for small-flowered tall cultivars of C.×generalis that form large rhizomes. Large-flowered C.×generalis must be stored with a lump of earth, since their rhizomes do not have large reserves of starch and dry up when stored in an air-dry way. Of the 9 cultivars of C.×generalis studied in the collection of the Department of introduction and acclimatization of plants, in the conditions of the Middle Urals, 4 cultivars have proved themselves well: 'Diamond’ ‘' Rosemond Coyles’ ‘ 'Richard Wallens’,' Red king Humbert’ and the old small-flowered and tall sample ' Yunnatsky’, which have an annual abundant and long flowering. As a result of the monitoring of flower design in the cities of Udmurtia, it was found that C.×generalis is more widely used in the city of Sarapul, less often in Izhevsk, and in Glazov and Votkinsk it is not used.

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41

Kysil, S. "Foreign experience of designing parking garages for storing electric vehicles". Research and methodological works of the National Academy of Visual Arts and Architecture, n.º 27 (27 de febrero de 2019): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.33838/naoma.27.2018.5-10.

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The article describes the current trends of designing and constructing multi-storey parking garages for storing electric vehicles. It has already been established that at the present stage of technology development, traditional gas stations are transforming into charging stations, operating on solar batteries. These technologies incentivize searching for new design forms of buildings for storing motor vehicles with solar charging stations in their structure. This applies to both multi-storey and flat parking garages. The paper analyzes the existing foreign experience of designing multi-storey parking garages for storing and charging electric vehicles, and identifies their main functional planning features and technological methods of organization. The main attention is paid to the artistic and aesthetic side of the formation of these objects. Electric vehicles can be very energy efficient and clean, as long as they are charged using renewable electricity. However, they need to overcome some challenges, including short driving range, the high price, and the lack of a charging infrastructure. Today, many design solutions have been developed for storing electric vehicles. The simplest of them is the parking lot design with 1-2 parking spaces for storing and charging of electric cars. This parking lot has the appearance of an open area with markings and with an element of built-in charger. Design solutions of indoor tent parkings lots for storing electric cars are considered to be more practical and convenient in operation. The most frequent of them are with rectilinear construction and with curved awning design at their base. The absence of developed infrastructure is the most important problem in the development of environmentally friendly transport. For this reason the design solution of storage sites and electric charging stations plays an important role and will allow us to experience the potential of electric mobility, which is the future.

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42

Topcu, Umran. "Reflections of gender on the urban green space". Archnet-IJAR: International Journal of Architectural Research 14, n.º 1 (27 de agosto de 2019): 70–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/arch-04-2019-0071.

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Purpose Urban green spaces including parks and gardens are an essential part of a network of physical and social well-being. They provide spaces to socialize and opportunities to connect with nature. They are restorative enclaves. When it comes to scaling down spaces in general, they form important constituent parts of what we call the setting in which we behave. Barker elaborated the notion of behavior setting by describing how our behavior is influenced and constrained by settings. A setting consists of the space, its contents, its surroundings, the people and their activities. As Norberg-Schulz puts it, this is a microcosmos that wraps people and the space. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach In this study a behavior setting with different spatial attributes in an urban green space, namely, Kriton Curi Park on the Asian side of Istanbul is observed. Landscapes used by both men and women may be gendered even if men and women use them at the same time. Women’s and men’s experiences of the same setting can be different. The difference is likely to be the outcome of both the physical attributes of the setting and/or the social construction of the society. However, a general attribute of genders’ experience of space is that women are more sensitive to spatial contents and more selective about the use of space. According to previous research, men and women do not have equal control over behavior settings in urban green spaces, in Turkey. Findings The findings of this study address a social fact that appropriate physical features of urban green spaces like Criton Curi Park and its immediate environment reveal a higher degree of equality in gender roles. Originality/value As the literature indicates parks being among urban green spaces are not yet studied enough in the Turkish context. This study is an attempt to study the status of women in open public space. For the sustainability of social relations parks become even more important.

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Marzaman, Liza Utami y Amiruddin Akbar Fisu. "Hunian Vertikal Kontainer Buruh Pt Kima Dengan Konsep Arsitektur Humanis". PENA TEKNIK: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu-Ilmu Teknik 5, n.º 2 (29 de septiembre de 2020): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.51557/pt_jiit.v5i2.607.

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Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendesain Rumah Susun yang layak huni bagi Buruh PT KIMA Makassar melalui pendekatan yang humanis, sejalan dengan kebutuhan kaum buruh sehari-hari untuk beristirahat, sekaligus memaksimalkan potensi perancangan tapak yang menunjang interaksi sosial dan rekreasi. Pemilihan lokasi Rumah Susun berada di dalam kawasan PT KIMA yang dapat ditempuh berjalan kaki sehingga dapat menunjang produktivitas kerja serta memberikan waktu lebih banyak untuk berinteraksi dengan keluarga. Material yang digunakan adalah kontainer bekas sebab ketersediaannya yang cukup banyak dan kemudahan dalam proses pembangunannya serta memiliki bentuk yang dapat disusun secara modular. Perancangan yang humanis terhadap material kontainer ini dicapai melalui perancangan ruang-ruang yang menunjang kenyamanan akses, kenyamanan termal, dan interaksi sosial. Massa bangunan ditata agar mampu memaksimalkan pengkondisian iklim mikro secara alami. Pada unit-unitnya dirancang dengan memaksimalkan bukaan untuk pencahayaan dan penghawaan alami, serta dengan sistem insulasi menggunakan material glass wool. Ruang-ruang diatur agar memungkinkan interaksi sosial. Ruang-ruang terbuka dan komunal dioptimalkan, seperti pada area selasar dan taman-taman di dalam tapak.The purpose of this research is to design a decent housing for PT KIMA Makassar laborers through a humanistic approach, in line with the needs of the daily laborers to rest, while maximizing the potential of site design that supports social interaction and recreation. The selection of flats location is within PT KIMA area which can be reached on foot so that it can support work productivity and give more time to interact with family. The material used is used shipping container because of its considerable availability and ease of construction process as well as has a form that can be arranged in modular. The humanist design of the container material is achieved through the design of spaces that facilitate access comfort, thermal comfort, and social interaction. Building masses are designed to maximize microclimate conditioning naturally. The units are designed to maximize openings for natural lighting and cross ventilation, as well as with insulation systems using glass wool material. Spaces are arranged to allow for social interaction. The open and communal spaces are optimized, as in the lobby area and the gardens within the site.

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44

Al-Mutawa, Fajer Saleh. "Negotiating Muslim masculinity: androgynous spaces within feminized fashion". Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management 20, n.º 1 (14 de marzo de 2016): 19–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfmm-11-2014-0080.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore how Muslim men in Kuwait negotiate their luxury fashion consumption (considered a feminized practice in Kuwait) without compromising their masculine identity. Design/methodology/approach – The data were collected through 108 qualitative questionnaires and two unstructured in-depth interviews. Non-participant observations and informal conversations took place as part of an ongoing ethnographic study on luxury fashion consumption in Kuwait. Findings – Within the feminized space of fashion, accessories (such as shoes, wallets, watches, sunglasses, etc.) seem to allow Muslim men an androgynous space (consumer constructions of gendered spaces to be equally masculine and feminine) to be fashionable yet maintain a masculine identity. Research limitations/implications – Further research may explore the negotiation of androgyny among men who consume luxury fashion clothing or conspicuously feminized fashion (such as jewellery and handbags) in highly gendered societies. Limitations include reliance on questionnaire data (lacks depth insights) and narrow consumer (Muslim men in Kuwait). Practical implications – Marketers of luxury fashion brands in Kuwait should focus on fashion accessories when targeting males. Advertising needs to shift gender perceptions of traditionally feminine fashion (such as handbags or jewellery) towards androgyny to attract male consumers. Religiosity of consumers is an important segmentation basis, and Muslim men who are less religious may be more open towards fashion consumption. Originality/value – This research proposes the notion of androgynous spaces, contributing to gender within marketing theory and practice.

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45

Yaneva, Albena. "Modern Architecture as Inextensible". Joelho Revista de Cultura Arquitectonica, n.º 9 (27 de diciembre de 2018): 82–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/1647-8681_9_4.

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I will begin with this provocative, and quite unusual image, of an iconic building that we all know – the Eiffel Tower. Some of you might have heard about the media debates surrounding the “new design for the restructuring of the public spaces of the Eiffel Tower” announced by the French architect David Serero in March 2008. He suggested doubling the size of the tower’s highest observational platform. The architect claimed that “his firm’s proposal was accepted after an open call, and that the structure is expected to be assembled for the 120th anniversary of the tower construction.” But shortly after that, the government-contracted firm that manages the tower – la Société d’Exploitation de la Tour Eiffel – stated that the claims of the architect are a “hoax.” The communication chief denied that there was ever any call for architects regarding plans to redevelop the top of the monument and that Serero Architects never presented themselves as candidates for such a competition. The media outlets that ran with the story included: The Guardian, The New York Times, Architect, Bustler, The Daily Telegraph and Belfast Telegraph.

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46

Nik-Bakht, Mazdak, Joonhee Lee y Soheil Hadian Dehkordi. "BIM-based reverberation time analysis". Journal of Information Technology in Construction 26 (5 de febrero de 2021): 28–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.36680/j.itcon.2021.003.

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Building Information Modeling (BIM) can store information of building elements and provide a computational platform for physical analyses for building systems. BIM can resolve several problems throughout various phases of design (as well as construction and operation). While use-cases such as daylight or energy analysis widely take advantage of this computational power, there is no integrated acoustical analysis tool or any external programs with acceptable interoperability within the BIM ecosystem. This study investigates the possibility of developing a BIM-based calculation method based on the most widely used design authoring tool in North America, i.e., Autodesk Revit, to estimate the acoustical properties of buildings with acceptable accuracy and details. A novel algorithm is designed to calculate reverberation time (RT), one of the most critical acoustic indicators of building spaces. The algorithm extracts geometric information from the BIM (i.e., the model); matches it with the physical properties provided by an open-source library; performs the analysis; visualizes the results on the model. The tool is tested over several case studies, and the results have been verified and validated using other existing methods. In the paper, we have studied the acoustical properties of an educational building using the designed tool under various scenarios.

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47

Mi, Jiayi, Bo Hong, Ting Zhang, Boze Huang y Jiaqi Niu. "Outdoor thermal benchmarks and their application to climate‒responsive designs of residential open spaces in a cold region of China". Building and Environment 169 (febrero de 2020): 106592. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2019.106592.

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Roy, Uttam Kumar y Madhumita Roy. "Space standardisation of low-income housing units in India". International Journal of Housing Markets and Analysis 9, n.º 1 (7 de marzo de 2016): 88–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijhma-12-2014-0057.

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Purpose – This paper aims to develop a set of affordable space and dimensional standards for market-driven low-income housing in Indian context for the purpose of mass production using industrialised building system. Design/methodology/approach – For this, the paper first explains the significance of standardisation from the literature and revisits the codes and contemporary practices in industrialised building system (IBS) in India. Next, it undertakes a market survey of ongoing/completed housing projects to study the space/dimensions reflected in the market demand by the people. After considering conditions like modular grid suitability and provisions of code, it identifies a set of dimensional standards of activity spaces, emerging from the market study. It also suggests a framework of modular units showing the incremental attachment possibility for component-based construction using IBS. These standards and design frameworks will make the path for developing various products and components towards an open system in India. Findings – The paper gives an insight of the market trends of low-income housing, focusing on unit designs and spatial elements. Research limitations/implications – Local contextualisation during the unit designs will be required and that is not addressed in this paper. Practical implications – This will benefit developers, manufacturers, designers as well as policymakers towards a market-driven housing delivery using IBS. Social implications – As a result of this standardisation, housing delivery will be faster and there will be more numbers of market-driven affordable housing in masses for low-income people, thus solving housing shortage. Originality/value – A developing country like India is a diversified country having many geographical and social variations. Such standardisation for a space and design framework has never been attempted before and will make a contribution for the public housing sector.

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49

Shillito, Ian. "A multi-labelled sequent calculus for Topo-Logic". Journal of Logic and Computation 30, n.º 2 (marzo de 2020): 663–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/logcom/exaa021.

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Abstract We present a labelled sequent calculus for a trimodal epistemic logic exhibitied in Baltag et al. (2017, Logic, Rationality, and Interaction, pp. 330–346), an extension of the so called ‘Topo-Logic’. To the best of our knowledge, our calculus is the first proof-calculus for this logic. This calculus is obtained via an adaptation of the label technique by internalizing a semantics over topological spaces. This internalization leads to the generation of two kinds of labels in our calculus and the labelling of formulae by pairs of labels. These novelties give tools to provide a simple calculus that is intuitively connected to the semantics. We prove that this calculus enjoys many structural properties such as admissibility of cut, admissibility of contraction and invertibility of its rules. Finally, we exhibit a proof search strategy for our calculus that allows us to prove completeness in a direct way by the extraction of a countermodel from a failure of proof. To define this strategy, we design a tool for controlling the generation of labels in the construction of a search tree, although the termination of this strategy is still open.

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50

Willaert, Tom, Paul Van Eecke, Katrien Beuls y Luc Steels. "Building Social Media Observatories for Monitoring Online Opinion Dynamics". Social Media + Society 6, n.º 2 (abril de 2020): 205630511989877. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2056305119898778.

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Social media house a trove of relevant information for the study of online opinion dynamics. However, harvesting and analyzing the sheer overload of data that is produced by these media poses immense challenges to journalists, researchers, activists, policy makers, and concerned citizens. To mitigate this situation, this article discusses the creation of (social) media observatories: platforms that enable users to capture the complexities of social behavior, in particular the alignment and misalignment of opinions, through computational analyses of digital media data. The article positions the concept of “observatories” for social media monitoring among ongoing methodological developments in the computational social sciences and humanities and proceeds to discuss the technological innovations and design choices behind social media observatories currently under development for the study of opinions related to cultural and societal issues in European spaces. Notable attention is devoted to the construction of Penelope: an open, web-services-based infrastructure that allows different user groups to consult and contribute digital tools and observatories that suit their analytical needs. The potential and the limitations of this approach are discussed on the basis of a climate change opinion observatory that implements text analysis tools to study opinion dynamics concerning themes such as global warming. Throughout, the article explicitly acknowledges and addresses potential risks of the machine-guided and human-incentivized study of opinion dynamics. Concluding remarks are devoted to a synthesis of the ethical and epistemological implications of the exercise of positioning observatories in contemporary information spaces and to an examination of future pathways for the development of social media observatories.

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