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Tesis sobre el tema "Ontology"

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Autor: Grafiati
Publicado: 4 de junio de 2021
Última modificación: 31 de julio de 2024

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1

Zamazal, Ondřej. "Pattern-based Ontology Matching and Ontology Alignment Evaluation". Doctoral thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2006. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-77051.

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Ontology Matching is one of the hottest topic within the Semantic Web of recent years. There is still ample of space for improvement in terms of performance. Furthermore, current ontology matchers mostly concentrate on simple entity to entity matching. However, matching of whole structures could bring some additional complex relationships. These structures of ontologies can be captured as ontology patterns. The main theme of this thesis is an examination of pattern-based ontology matching enhanced with ontology transformation and pattern-based ontology alignment evaluation. The former is examined due to its potential benefits regarding complex matching and matching as such. The latter is examined because complex hypotheses could be beneficial feedback as complement to traditional evaluation methods. These two tasks are related to four different topics: ontology patterns, ontology transformation, ontology alignment evaluation and ontology matching. With regard to those four topics, this work covers the following aspects: * Examination of different aspects of ontology patterns. Particularly, description of relevant ontology patterns for ontology transformation and for ontology matching (such as naming, matching and transformation patterns). * Description of a pattern-based method for ontology transformation. * Introduction of new methods for an alignment evaluation; including using patterns as a complex structures for more detailed analysis. * Experiments and demonstrations of new concepts introduced in this thesis. The thesis first introduces naming pattern and matching pattern classification on which ontology transformation framework is based. Naming patterns are useful for detection of ontology patterns and for generation of new names for entities. Matching patterns are basis for transformation patterns in terms of sharing some building blocks. In comparison with matching patterns, transformation patterns have transformation links that represent way how parts of ontology patterns are transformed. Besides several evaluations and implementations, the thesis provides a demonstration of getting complex matching due to ontology transformation process. Ontology transformation framework has been implemented in Java environment where all generic patterns are represented as corresponding Java objects. Three main implemented services are made generally available as RESTful services: ontology pattern detection, transformation instruction generation and ontology transformation.
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2

Paula, Felipe Cordeiro de. "MAS Ontology: uma ontologia de métodos orientados a agentes". Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2014. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=8211.

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Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro
A modelagem orientada a agentes surge como paradigma no desenvolvimento de software, haja vista a quantidade de iniciativas e estudos que remetem à utilização de agentes de software como solução para tratar de problemas mais complexos. Apesar da popularidade de utilização de agentes, especialistas esbarram na falta de universalidade de uma metodologia para construção dos Sistemas Multiagentes (MAS), pois estas acabam pecando pelo excesso ou falta de soluções para modelar o problema. Esta dissertação propõe o uso de uma Ontologia sobre Metodologias Multiagentes, seguindo os princípios da Engenharia de Métodos Situacionais que se propõe a usar fragmentos de métodos para construção de metodologias baseados na especificidade do projeto em desenvolvimento. O objetivo do estudo é sedimentar o conhecimento na área de Metodologias Multiagentes, auxiliando o engenheiro de software a escolher a melhor metodologia ou o melhor fragmento de metodologia capaz de modelar um Sistema Multiagentes.
The agent-oriented modeling emerges as a paradigm in software development, considering the amount of initiatives and studies that refer to the use of software agents as a solution to address more complex problems. Despite the popularity of using agents, experts bump in the lack of universality of a methodology for the construction of Multiagent Systems (MAS), as they end up sinning by excess or lack of solutions to model the problem. This thesis proposes the use of an Ontology based in Methodologies for Multi-Agent Systems, following the principles of Situational Method Engineering, which proposes to use fragments of methods for constructing methodologies based on the specificity of the development project. The aim of this work is to consolidate the knowledge in the area of Multiagent Methodologies by helping the software engineering to choose the best methodology or the best fragment method able to model a specific Multiagent System.
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3

Aparicio, Jose Martin Lozano. "Ontology view : a new sub-ontology extraction method". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/119251.

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Hoje em dia, muitas empresas de petróleo estão adotando diferentes sistemas baseados em conhecimento com o objetivo de ter uma melhor predição de qualidade de reservatório. No entanto, existem obstáculos que não permitem geólogos com diferentes formações recuperar as informações sem a necessidade da ajuda de um especialista em tecnologia da informação. O principal problema é a heterogeneidade semântica dos usuários finais quando fazem consultas em um sistema de consulta visual (VQS). Isto pode ser pior quando há uma nova terminologia na base de conhecimentos que afetam a interação do usuário, especialmente para usuários novatos. Neste contexto, apresentamos contribuições teóricas e práticas que explora o sinergismo entre ontologia e interação homem-computador (HCI). Do lado da teoria, introduzimos o conceito de visão de ontologia bem fundamentada e a sua definição formal. Nós nos concentramos na extração de vista ontologia de uma ontologia bem fundamentada e completa, baseando-nos em meta-propriedades ontológicas e propusemos um algorítmo independente da linguagem para extração de sub-ontologia que é guiada por meta-propriedades ontológicas. No lado prático, baseado nos princípios de HCI e desenho de interação, propusemos um novo sistema de consulta visual que usa o enfoque de vistas de ontologias para guiar o processo de consulta. Também o nosso desenho inclui visualizações de dados que ajudarão geólogos a entender os dados recuperados. Além disso, avaliamos nosso desenho com um teste de usabilidade a-través de um questionário em experimento controlado. Cinco geólogos que trabalham na área de Geologia do Petróleo foram avaliados. O enfoque proposto é avaliado no domínio de petrografia tomando as comunidades de Diagênese e Microestrutural adotando o critério de precisão e revocação. Os resultados experimentais mostram que termos relevantes obtidos de documentos de uma comunidade varia entre 30 a 66% de precisão e 4.6 a 36% de revocação, dependendo do enfoque selecionado e da combinação de parâmetros. Além disso, os resultados mostram que, para toda combinação de parâmetros, a revocação obtidos de artigos de diagênese usando a sub-ontologia gerada para a comunidade de diagênese é maior que a revocação e f-measure usando a sub-ontologia gerada para a comunidade de microestrutural. Por outro lado, resultados para toda combinação de parâmetros mostram que a revocação e f-measure obtida de artigos de microestrutural usando a sub-ontologia gerada para a comunidade de microestrutural é maior que a revocação e o fmeasure usando a sub-ontologia gerada para a comunidade de diagêneses.
Nowadays many petroleum companies are adopting different knowledge-based systems aiming to have a better reservoir quality prediction. However, there are obstacles that not allow different background geologists to retrieve information without needing the help of an information technology expert. The main problem is the heterogeneity semantic of end users when doing queries in a visual query system (VQS). This can be worst when there is new terminology in the knowledge-base affecting the user interaction, particularly for novice users. In this context, we present theoretical and practical contributions that exploit the synergism between ontology and human computer interaction (HCI). On the theory side, we introduce the concept of ontology view for well-founded ontology and provide a formal definition and expressive power characterization. We focus in the ontology view extraction of a well-founded and complete ontology based on ontological meta-properties and propose a language independent algorithm for sub-ontology extraction, which is guided by ontological meta-properties. On the practical side, based on the principles of HCI and interaction design, we propose a new Visual Query System that uses the ontology view approach to guide the query process. Also, our design includes data visualizations that will help geologists to make sense of the retrieved data. Furthermore, we evaluated our interaction design with five users performing a usability testing through a questionnaire in a controlled experiment. The evaluation was performed over geologists that work in the area of petroleum geology. The approach proposed is evaluated on the petrography domain taking the communities of Diagenesis and MicroStructural adopting the well known criteria of precision and recall. Experimental results show that relevant terms obtained from the documents of a community varies from 30 to 66 % of precision and 4.6 to 36% of recall depending on the approach selected and the parameters combination. Furthermore, results show that almost for all the parameters combination that recall and f-measure obtained from diagenesis articles using the sub-ontology generated for the diagenesis community is greater than recall and f-measure using the sub-ontology generated for microstructural community. On the other hand, results for all the parameters combination that recall and f-measure obtained from microstructural articles using the sub-ontology generated for the microstructural community is greater than recall and f-measure using the subontology generated for diagenesis community.
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4

Armas, Romero Ana. "Ontology module extraction and applications to ontology classification". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:4ec888f4-b7c0-4080-9d9a-3c46c91f67e3.

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Module extraction is the task of computing a (preferably small) fragment M of an ontology O that preserves a class of entailments over a signature of interest ∑. Existing practical approaches ensure that M preserves all second-order entailments of O over ∑, which is a stronger condition than is required in many applications. In the first part of this thesis, we propose a novel approach to module extraction which, based on a reduction to a datalog reasoning problem, makes it possible to compute modules that are tailored to preserve only specific kinds of entailments. This leads to obtaining modules that are often significantly smaller than those produced by other practical approaches, as shown in an empirical evaluation. In the second part of this thesis, we consider the application of module extraction to the optimisation of ontology classification. Classification is a fundamental reasoning task in ontology design, and there is currently a wide range of reasoners that provide this service. Reasoners aimed at so-called lightweight ontology languages are much more efficient than those aimed at more expressive ones, but they do not offer completeness guarantees for ontologies containing axioms outside the relevant language. We propose an original approach to classification based on exploiting module extraction techniques to divide the workload between a general purpose reasoner and a more efficient reasoner for a lightweight language in such a way that the bulk of the workload is assigned to the latter. We show how the proposed approach can be realised using two particular module extraction techniques, including the one presented in the first part of the thesis. Furthermore, we present the results of an empirical evaluation that shows that this approach can lead to a significant performance improvement in many cases.
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5

Rodríguez, Pérez Jezabel. "Heidegger y Spinoza: sobre el giro ético de la ontología y la comprensión ontológica de los afectos". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/669553.

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La present investigació té com a principal propòsit discutir amb Heidegger el lloc de Spinoza en la història de la filosofia occidental. En contra del que tradicionalment s'ha pensat, defensem aquí dos punts de convergència entre els dos autors: el gir ètic de l'ontologia i la comprensió ontològica dels afectes.
La presente investigación tiene como principal propósito discutir con Heidegger el lugar de Spinoza en la historia de la filosofía occidental. En contra de lo que tradicionalmente se ha pensado, defendemos aquí dos puntos de convergencia entre ambos autores: el giro ético de la ontología y la comprensión ontológica de los afectos.
The main purpose of this research is to discuss with Heidegger the place of Spinoza in the history of Western philosophy. Contrary to what has traditionally been thought of, we defend here two points of convergence between the two authors: the ethical turn of the ontology and the ontological understanding of affections.
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6

Bergh, Johann Rath. "Ontology comprehension". Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6517.

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Thesis (MSc (Mathematical Sciences. Computer Science))--University of Stellenbosch, 2011.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Ontologies are conceptual models of a domain of discourse and are used in a number of applications to model a field of knowledge. For example, SNOMED, an ontology of medical terminology, is widely used among medical professionals. Commercial ontologies, such as SNOMED, can have hundreds of thousands of concepts. People who want to use these ontologies need an understanding thereof, but the sheer magnitude of these ontologies hampers comprehension. It was within this context that the need arose for software tools that facilitate the understanding of ontologies. Given this background, our aim is to investigate a new area within the field of ontologies, namely, ontology comprehension. We make a contribution to it by developing an ontology comprehension framework and writing a software tool of our own. This software tool, PathViz, helps users to understand how different concepts in an ontology are related to each other and what effect entailments have on the way concepts in an ontology relate to each other. The ontology comprehension framework, PathViz and the reasoning measurement instruments were found useful for ontology comprehension by participants at an ontology workshop.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Ontologieë is konseptuele modelle van ’n domein en word in verskeie toepassings gebruik om ’n kennisveld te modelleer. SNOMED is ’n voorbeeld van ’n ontologie van mediese terme wat baie gebruik word deur die mediese beroepslui. Kommersiële ontologieë, soos SNOMED, kan bestaan uit duisende konsepte. Dit is belangrik om hierdie ontologieë wat gebruik word te verstaan, maar die enorme omvang van hierdie ontologieë belemmer die verstaanproses. In hierdie konteks het die behoefte ontstaan vir programmatuur wat die verstaanproses van ontologieë vergemaklik. Met hierdie agtergrond inaggenome, is dit ons doel om ’n nuwe area in die veld van ontologieë te ondersoek, naamlik, Ontologie-begrip. Ons maak ’n bydra tot hierdie veld deur ’n raamwerk vir ontologie-begrip te ontwikkel en programmatuur van ons eie te skryf. Hierdie programmatuur, PathViz, help gebruikers om te verstaan hoe verskillende konsepte in ’n ontologie aan mekaar verwant is. Verder help dit gebruikers om te verstaan watter invloed afleidings uit die ontologieë het op konsepverwantskappe. Deelnemers aan ’n ontologie-werkswinkel het gevind dat die raamwerk vir ontologie-begrip, PathViz en die instrumente wat die invloed van die ontologie-redeneerder meet, ontologie-begrip bevorder.
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7

Le, Pendu Paea Jean-Francois 1974. "Ontology databases". Thesis, University of Oregon, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/10575.

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xi, 89 p. : ill. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number.
On the one hand, ontologies provide a means of formally specifying complex descriptions and relationships about information in a way that is expressive yet amenable to automated processing and reasoning. When data are annotated using terms from an ontology, the instances inhere in formal semantics. Compared to an ontology, which may have as few as a dozen or as many as tens of thousands of terms, the annotated instances for the ontology are often several orders of magnitude larger, from millions to possibly trillions of instances. Unfortunately, existing reasoning techniques cannot scale to these sizes. On the other hand, relational database management systems provide mechanisms for storing, retrieving, and maintaining the integrity of large amounts of data. Relational database management systems are well known for scaling to extremely large sizes of data, some claiming to manage over a quadrillion data. This dissertation defines ontology databases as a mapping from ontologies to relational databases in order to combine the expressiveness of ontologies with the scalability of relational databases. This mapping is sound and, under certain conditions, complete. That is, the database behaves like a knowledge base which is faithful to the semantics of a given ontology. What distinguishes this work is the treatment of the relational database management system as an active reasoning component rather than as a passive storage and retrieval system. The main contributions this dissertation will highlight include: (i) the theory and implementation particulars for mapping ontologies to databases, (ii) subsumption based reasoning, (iii) inconsistency detection, (iv) scalability studies, and (v) information integration (specifically, information exchange). This work is novel because it is the first attempt to embed a logical reasoning system, specified by a Semantic Web ontology, into a plain relational database management system using active database technologies. This work also introduces the not-gadget , which relaxes the closed-world assumption and increases the expressive power of the logical system without significant cost. This work also demonstrates how to deploy the same framework as an information integration system for data exchange scenarios, which is an important step toward semantic information integration over distributed data repositories.
Committee in charge: Dejing Dou, Chairperson, Computer & Information Science; Zena Ariola, Member, Computer & Information Science; Christopher Wilson, Member, Computer & Information Science; Monte Westerfield, Outside Member, Biology
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8

Dolson, C. Daniel. "Toward A Lean Ontology: Quine, (Meta) Ontology, and Descriptions". Ohio : Ohio University, 2006. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1155833916.

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9

Wohlgenannt, Gerhard, Stefan Belk y Matthias Schett. "A Prototype for Automating Ontology Learning and Ontology Evolution". SciTePress, 2013. http://epub.wu.ac.at/4106/1/keod2013.pdf.

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Ontology learning supports ontology engineers in the complex task of creating an ontology. Updating ontologies at regular intervals greatly increases the need for expensive expert contribution. This naturally leads to endeavors to automate the process wherever applicable. This paper presents a model for automated ontology learning and a prototype which demonstrates the feasibility of the proposed approach in learning lightweight domain ontologies. The system learns ontologies from heterogeneous sources periodically and delegates all evaluation processes, eg. the verification of new concept candidates, to a crowdsourcing framework which currently relies on Games with a Purpose. Furthermore, we sketch ontology evolution experiments to trace trends and patterns facilitated by the system.(authors' abstract)
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10

Marin, Neto Antonio [UNESP]. "Ontologias na representação do conhecimento: uma ferramenta semântica para a ciência da informação". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/155929.

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As ontologias surgiram a partir de discussões na Filosofia com o objetivo de discutir a essência das coisas, nos estudos da metafísica por Aristóteles, que dentre os diferentes ramos de investigação filosófica, tratava do conhecimento da essência de toda a realidade. A ontologia trata do estudo do “Ser” enquanto ser. O termo foi posteriormente utilizado em diferentes áreas como a Ciência da Computação (CC), Psicologia, Ciência da Informação (CI), entre outros. Nesse texto é apresentado um levantamento da utilização das ontologias na representação do conhecimento, identificando e destacando a forma de utilização da ontologia como ferramenta na CC e CI. Para tal, o trabalho inicial com uma contextualização do termo ontologia, desde a sua origem na Filosofia até a sua utilização em algumas das áreas do conhecimento. Em seguida é apresentado um levantamento sobre a representação do conhecimento, a destacar a CC e CI, bem como sobre a utilização da ontologia nesse contexto informacional. Afim de evidenciar a importância das ontologias para representação do conhecimento, também são listadas as principais metodologias de criação de ontologia, aprendizado de ontologia, bem como as ferramentas utilizadas para essas tarefas, além do gerenciamento e engenharia de ontologias. E por fim são apresentadas as considerações finais acerca da utilização das ontologias como ferramentas semânticas na CI e como as futuruas pesquisas podem se beneficiar desse trabalho como uma base para o entendimento das ontologias como ferramenta semântica na CI.
Ontologies come from discussions in Philosophy to debate the essence of things in Aristotle's studies of metaphysics, which among the different branches of philosophical inquiry dealt with the knowledge of the essence of all reality. Ontology deals with the study of "Being" as being. The term was later used in different areas such as Computer Science (CC), Psychology, Information Science (IS), andothers. This thesis presents a survey of the use of ontologies in knowledge representation, identifying and highlighting how ontology is used as a semantic tool in CC and IS. For this, is presented a contextualization of the term ontology, from its origin in Philosophy to its use in some of the areas of knowledge. Next, a survey is presented on the representation of knowledge, highlighting the CC and IS, as well as on the use of the ontology in this informational context. In order to demonstrate the importance of ontologies for knowledge representation, the main methodologies for ontology creation, ontology learning, as well as the tools used for these tasks, as well as the management and engineering of ontologies are also listed. Finally, it's present the final considerations about the use of ontologies as semantic tools in IS and how future researches can benefit from this work as a basis for the understanding of ontologies as a semantic tool in IS.
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11

Ghawi, Raji. "Ontology-based cooperation of information systems : contributions to database-to-ontology mapping and XML-to-ontology mapping". Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00559089.

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This thesis treats the area of ontology-based cooperation of information systems. We propose a global architecture called OWSCIS that is based on ontologies and web-services for the cooperation of distributed heterogeneous information systems. In this thesis, we focus on the problem of connecting the local information sources to the local ontologies within OWSCIS architecture. This problem is articulated by three main axes: 1) the creation of the local ontology from the local information sources, 2) the mapping of local information sources to an existing local ontology, and 3) the translation of queries over the local ontologies into queries over local information sources.
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12

Ivanova, Valentina. "Integration of Ontology Alignment and Ontology Debugging for Taxonomy Networks". Licentiate thesis, Linköpings universitet, Databas och informationsteknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-102953.

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Semantically-enabled applications, such as ontology-based search and data integration, take into account the semantics of the input data in their algorithms. Such applications often use ontologies, which model the application domains in question, as well as alignments, which provide information about the relationships between the terms in the different ontologies. The quality and reliability of the results of such applications depend directly on the correctness and completeness of the ontologies and alignments they utilize. Traditionally, ontology debugging discovers defects in ontologies and alignments and provides means for improving their correctness and completeness, while ontology alignment establishes the relationships between the terms in the different ontologies, thus addressing completeness of alignments. This thesis focuses on the integration of ontology alignment and debugging for taxonomy networks which are formed by taxonomies, the most widely used kind of ontologies, connected through alignments. The contributions of this thesis include the following. To the best of our knowledge, we have developed the first approach and framework that integrate ontology alignment and debugging, and allow debugging of modelling defects both in the structure of the taxonomies as well as in their alignments. As debugging modelling defects requires domain knowledge, we have developed algorithms that employ the domain knowledge intrinsic to the network to detect and repair modelling defects. Further, a system has been implemented and several experiments with real-world ontologies have been performed in order to demonstrate the advantages of our integrated ontology alignment and debugging approach. For instance, in one of the experiments with the well-known ontologies and alignment from the Anatomy track in Ontology Alignment Evaluation Initiative 2010, 203 modelling defects (concerning incomplete and incorrect information) were discovered and repaired.
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13

Dudáš, Marek. "Visualization of Ontologies on the Semantic Web". Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-165275.

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For ontology development, sharing and usage, availability of a suitable visualization method is essential. Much research has been done in this area, but an ideal method is still missing. One of the reasons might be that most of the available tools offer a general visualization but various use cases require specific approaches to the visualization. This master thesis gives a general overview of current visualization methods and their implementations. Both the methods and specific visualization tools are evaluated from the perspective of several possible use case categories. Special focus is given on visualization of ontology transformations. As none of the available implementations is suitable for this use case as is, an alternative approach is proposed. This approach is based on using several existing visualization implementations together and allowing switching between them using a zoom-like function. It is experimentally implemented as a Protégé plugin.
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14

Dickson, Mark William. "Aristotle's modal ontology". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/42125.

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ModaI logic is concerned with the logic of necessity and possibility. The central problem of modal ontology is summed up in the following question, "What are the ontological commitments of the user of modal terminology? " This thesis is primarily about the ontological commitments that Aristotle made when he employed modal terms. Aristotle’s modal ontology is h e r e analysed in conjunction with four modal problems. My primary objective, is to clarify some of the discussions of Aristotle's modal ontology that have been advanced by certain twentieth century philosophers. The first problem to be considered is the famous ' sea battle’ argument of De Interpretatione 9 . Here is a summary of the problem: If it is currently true that there will be a sea battle tomorrow, then in some sense it is inevitable that there will in fact be a sea battle; if predictions are true, is not a form of determinism being supported? One analysis in particular is studied at length, namely that of Jaakko Hintikka. Hintikka holds that the sea battle argument is best Interpreted if the metaphysical principle of plenitude is attributed to Aristotle. The principle of plenitude effectively merges modality with temporality; what is necessarily the case is always true, and vice versa. Hintikka also interprets Aristotle's stand on the ‘Master Argument’ of Diodorus in light of the attribution of the principle of plenitude to Aristotle. Diodorus' argument is the second of the four problems that this essay considers,. Unlike Aristotle, Diodorus appears to have favored a strong version of determinism. According to Hintikka, Diodorus actually strove to prove the principle of plenitude (as opposed to assuming it, as Aristotle presumably did). I am very sceptical regarding Hintikka's interpretations of these two problems. The sea battle argument is not adequately answered by the solution which Hintikka sees Aristotle adopting. Alternative answers are relatively easy to come by. The evidence cited by Hintikka for ascribing the principle of plenitude is, it is shown, somewhat inconclusive. As for the Master Argument, there is a great deal of paucity in regards to textual evidence. Hinikka himself virtually concedes this point. (Thus, whereas I feel it to be incumbent to offer an alternative interpretation of the sea battle argument, I do not share this attitude towards the Master Argument.) The third and fourth problems play a key role in twentieth century analytic philosophy. Both were first formulated by W.V. Quine in the forties. These problems are somewhat subtle and will not be explained further. Suffice it to say that an analysis of Aristotle's works by Alan Code reveals that the Stagirite had an answer to Quine's criticisms of modal logic.
Arts, Faculty of
Philosophy, Department of
Graduate
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15

McNeill, Fiona. "Dynamic ontology refinement". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/24966.

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Human communication is highly fault tolerant: although words and phrases that are not jointly understood are often used, a shared common language can be used to explain these differences. In agent communication, however, mutual comprehension usually depends on a perfect matching of messages to internal ontologies. Thus any kind of ontological mismatch will lead to communication failure, even though large sections of the ontologies may be common to both parties. Ontologies, once envisaged as definitive descriptions of what exists in a domain, are commonly not static but are continually updated and altered, both centrally and by individual users. As the environments in which agents interact become increasingly diverse and distributed, with agents being designed by a large number of different users, ontology mismatch becomes increasingly common. Standard approaches to resolving this problem assume that the mismatched ontologies can be fully observed and often assume that it is desirable to match large sections, or even all, of the ontologies. However, this is not always a reasonable assumption, as many of these changes are not made public, and the computational cost of mapping entire ontologies is often prohibitive. We believe that it is more appropriate to assume that the ontologies of external agents are not available for observation, except for the specific parts of their ontologies revealed through normal agent communication. Consequently, a real-world solution, which we propose, is to patch specific instances of ontology mismatch when these particular mismatches lead to communication problems. This thesis describes the development of ORS (Ontology Refinement System), a system designed to dynamically refine ontologies whenever mismatches lead to communication problems during agent interaction. ORS contains a framework for agents to diagnose and refine ontological mismatch, integrated within an environment where planning agents can use this ability to achieve goals that would otherwise have been unreachable. These abilities are evaluated against genuine examples of ontological mismatch to demonstrate that they are useful and can be successfully performed.
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16

Heck, Richard Gustave. "Logic, semantics, ontology". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/13940.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Linguistics and Philosophy, 1991.
Vita.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 195-197).
by Richard Gustave Heck, Jr.
Ph.D.
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17

Hay-Roe, Keith Angus. "G.F. Stout's ontology /". Digital version accessible at:, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

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18

Udrea, Octavian. "Scalable ontology systems". College Park, Md.: University of Maryland, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/8548.

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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2008.
Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Computer Science. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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19

Lamarche, Shaun Pierre. "Ontology of boredom /". Digital version accessible at:, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

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20

Woodward, Keith Adam. "Affect, Politics, Ontology". Diss., The University of Arizona, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195189.

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The relationship between politics and ontology has long been a troubled one for geography. More recently, the emergence of affect theory has complicated things even further by introducing a new set of frequently vague concepts into the already cluttered theoretical field of critical geography. This dissertation collects six articles that endeavor to develop the groundwork for establishing a continuum between affect, politics, and ontology. Specifically, it argues that not only is affect a politically rich area for approaching ontology, but, further, it is particularly well suited for addressing difference and radical politics. It proceeds by developing a series of concepts that animate a politically driven ontology of difference, namely: A) becoming and bordering in the context of border studies; B) a flat ontology as a fix for the debilitating transcendence of scale theory; C) an animation of a Nollywood as a 'site' based upon the flat ontological critique of scale; D) a politics of confusion that isolates the workings of affect in relation to the State and in direct action; E) a psycho-pragmatism that checks studies of affect and nonrepresentational theory against the analytic determinism that attends their developing methodologies; and F) the notions of fidelity and affinity as they get articulated through to the State and political subjectivity.
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21

Ziani, Mina. "Conception d'une ontologie hybride à partir d'ontologies métier évolutives : intégration et alignement d'ontologies". Thesis, Lyon 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO30081.

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Cette thèse se situe dans le champ de la gestion des connaissances à l’aide de modèles ontologiques. Pour représenter les connaissances de domaine, nous avons conçu une ontologie hybride à deux niveaux : au niveau local, chaque groupe d’experts (du même métier) a construit sa propre ontologie, au niveau global une ontologie consensuelle regroupant les connaissances partagées est créée de façon automatique. De plus, des liens sémantiques entre les éléments de différentes ontologies locales peuvent être ajoutés.Nous avons construit un système d’aide pour guider les experts dans le processus de création de liens sémantiques ou mises en correspondance. Ses particularités sont de proposer des mesures de similarité en fonction des caractéristiques des ontologies à aligner, de réutiliser des résultats déjà calculés et de vérifier la cohérence des mises en correspondances créées.Par ailleurs, les ontologies locales peuvent être mises à jour. Cela implique des changements au niveau de l’ontologie globale ainsi que des mises en correspondances créées. De ce fait, nous avons développé une approche, adaptée à notre domaine pour gérer l’évolution de l’ontologie hybride. En particulier, nous avons utilisé la notion de versions d’ontologies afin de garder trace de toutes les modifications apportées au niveau des ontologies et de pouvoir revenir à tout moment à une version précédente.Nous avons appliqué notre travail de recherche à la géotechnique qui est un domaine complexe impliquant des experts de différents métiers. Une plateforme logicielle est en cours de réalisation et permettra de tester la faisabilité de nos travaux
This thesis concerns the scope of knowledge management using ontological models.To represent domain knowledge, we design a hybrid ontology on two levels: In a local level, each experts’ group has designed its own ontology. In a global level, a consensual ontology containing all the shared knowledge is automatically created.We design a computer-aided system to help experts in the process of mapping creation. It allows experts to choice similarity measures relatively to the ontology characteristics, to reuse the calculated similarities and to verify the consistency of the created mappings.In addition, local ontologies can be updated. This involves modifications in the global ontology and on the created mappings. A relevant approach of our domain was developed.In particular, ontology versioning is used in order to keep a record of all the occurred modifications in the ontologies; it allows to return at any time a previous version of the hybrid ontology.The exploited domain is geotechnics which gathers various business experts. A prototype is in progress and currently does not still captures ontology evolution
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22

Loebe, Frank. "Ontological Semantics". Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-166326.

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The original and still a major purpose of ontologies in computer and information sciences is to serve for the semantic integration of represented content, facilitating information system interoperability. Content can be data, information, and knowledge, and it can be distributed within or across these categories. A myriad of languages is available for representation. Ontologies themselves are artifacts which are expressed in various languages. Different such languages are utilized today, including, as well-known representatives, predicate logic, subsuming first-order (predicate) logic (FOL), in particular, and higher-order (predicate) logic (HOL); the Web Ontology Language (OWL) on the basis of description logics (DL); and the Unified Modeling Language (UML). We focus primarily on languages with formally defined syntax and semantics. This overall picture immediately suggests questions of the following kinds: What is the relationship between an ontology and the language in which it is formalized? Especially, what is the impact of the formal semantics of the language on the formalized ontology? How well understood is the role of ontologies in semantic integration? Can the same ontology be represented in multiple languages and/or in distinct ways within one language? Is there an adequate understanding of whether two expressions are intensionally/conceptually equivalent and whether two ontologies furnish the same ontological commitments? One may assume that these questions are resolved. Indeed, the development and adoption of ontologies is widespread today. Ontologies are authored in a broad range of different languages, including offering equally named ontologies in distinct languages. Much research is devoted to techniques and technologies that orbit ontologies, for example, ontology matching, modularization, learning, and evolution, to name a few. Ontologies have found numerous beneficial applications, and hundreds of ontologies have been created, considering solely the context of biomedical research. For us, these observations increase the relevance of the stated questions and close relatives thereof, and raise the desire for solid theoretical underpinnings. In the literature of computer and information sciences, we have found only few approaches that tackle the foundations of ontologies and their representation to allow for answering such questions or that actually answer them. We elaborate an analysis of the subject as the first item of central contributions within this thesis. It mainly results in the identification of a vicious circularity in (i) the intended use of ontologies to mediate between formal representations and (ii) solely exploiting formal semantic notions in representing ontologies and defining ontology-based equivalence as a form of intensional/conceptual equivalence. On this basis and in order to overcome its identified limitations, we contribute a general model-theoretic semantic account, named \\\"ontological semantics\\\". This kind of semantics takes the approach of assigning arbitrary entities as referents of atomic symbols and to link syntactic constructions with corresponding ontological claims and commitments. In particular, ontological semantics targets the avoidance of encoding effects in its definition. Therefore we argue that this semantic account is well suited for interpreting formalized ontologies and for defining languages for the representation of ontologies. It is further proposed as a fundament for envisioned novel definitions of the intensional equivalence of expressions, in potential deviation from only being formally equivalent under set-theoretic semantics. The thesis is defended that a particular usage of a formalism and its respective vocabulary should be accompanied by establishing an ontological semantics that is tailored to that use of the formalism, in parallel to the formal semantics of the language, in order to capture the ontological content of the formal representation for adequate reuse in other formalisms. Accordingly, we advocate ontological semantics as a useful framework for justifying translations on an intensional basis. Despite all deviations of ontological semantics from its set-theoretic blueprint, close relationships between the two can be shown, which allow for using established FOL and DL reasoners while assuming ontological semantics.
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23

CARVALHO, V. A. "Foundations for Multi-level Ontology-based Conceptual Modeling". Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2016. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/9870.

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Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-02T00:04:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_10529_foundations_for_ontology_based_multi_level_conceptual_modeling_2012 - victorio.pdf: 6142526 bytes, checksum: 3e3483b04f4e9b86ab648e66104ac1e2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-16
Considerando que modelos conceituais são produzidos com o objetivo de representar certos aspectos do mundo físico e social de acordo com uma conceituação específica e que ontologias buscam descrever conceituações, tem havido crescente interesse no uso de ontologias para fornecer uma base teórica sólida para a disciplina de modelagem conceitual. Esse interesse deu origem a uma área de pesquisa denominada modelagem conceitual baseada em ontologias, com avanços significativos na modelagem conceitual nas últimas décadas. Apesar desses avanços, a modelagem baseada em ontologias não provê suporte adequado à modelagem de domínios que exigem a representação de categorias de indivíduos e de categorias de categorias (ou tipos de tipos). A representação de entidades de vários "níveis" de classificação tem sido o foco de uma área de pesquisa distinta denominada modelagem multi-nível. As iniciativas em modelagem multi-nível visam a contornar as limitações impostas pelo paradigma convencional de modelagem em dois níveis. Apesar das contribuições relevantes das áreas de modelagem multi-nível e de modelagem conceitual baseada em ontologias, a combinação dessas duas áreas ainda não recebeu a devida atenção. Este trabalho explora essa lacuna propondo o uso combinado de teorias formais para a modelagem multi-nível e de ontologias de fundamentação para apoiar o que chamamos de modelagem conceitual multi-nível baseada em ontologias. Para fornecer uma abordagem bem fundamentada à modelagem conceitual multi-nível, desenvolvemos uma teoria chamada MLT. MLT caracteriza formalmente a natureza dos níveis de classificação e define precisamente as relações que podem ocorrer entre elementos de diferentes níveis de classificação. A fim de aproveitar os benefícios do uso de ontologias de fundamentação na modelagem de domínios que abrangem vários níveis de classificação, combinamos MLT com uma ontologia de fundamentação. Essa combinação resulta em uma abordagem de modelagem que apoia a construção de modelos conceituais multi-níveis em um espectro de níveis de especificidade, desde ontologias de fundamentação até modelos conceituas de domínios específicos. Para demonstrar a aplicabilidade da nossa abordagem de modelagem conceitual multi-nível baseada em ontologias, a empregamos para desenvolver uma ontologia núcleo para estruturas organizacionais, um domínio que abrange vários níveis de classificação. Além disso, mostramos como MLT pode ser usada como uma teoria de referência para esclarecer a semântica e aumentar a expressividade de UML no que diz respeito à representação de modelos de multi-níveis. O perfil UML produzido viabiliza a aplicação prática de MLT pela comunidade de modelagem conceitual.
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24

Sánchez, Barranco Jordi. "Dependencia ontológica". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/461409.

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En la primera sección se argumenta que las exposiciones que intentan estar en conformidad con el desideratum de neutralidad no son suficientemente esclarecedoras. A ello le siguen dos modos dehacer manejable la familia de relaciones de dependencia ontológica: los casos que teóricamente caen en ella, y la función que cumple. La sección se zanja con ciertas objeciones en contra de que la generación de niveles ontológicos sea consecuencia de una falacia representacionalista. El segundo capítulo está dedicado enteramente a hacer explícita la noción de existencia entendiéndola, o bien como una propiedad o predicado no real, o bien o como una propiedad o predicado real. Se argumenta que la primera noción no permite hacer comprensible la dependencia existencial. Las primeras partes del segundo capítulo están dedicadas a exponer la familia de relaciones de dependencia existencial. Posteriormente se presenta la dependencia existencial específica y los problemas que suelen ser tenidos en cuenta, en particular: la mera asociación modal, la simetría dependencial entre propiedades esenciales y substancias, y la dependencia dada entre la vida de un individuo y el individuo en cuestión. Se argumenta que el condicional estricto ha de ser reemplazado por un condicional relevante cuya relevancia sea dada por el operador modal de necesidad metafísica. La tercera parte del segundo capítulo se concentra en la dependencia genérica y el dictum de acuerdo con el cual esta caracteriza a la concepción inmentista de los universales. Se argumenta que si la relación de dependencia es presuntamente asimétrica y se toma dicha concepción à la Armstrong, entonces el dictum es falso. Y, en segundo lugar, se ofrecen casos para no tomar la relación de dependencia genérica como un caso de instanciación. El capítulo tercero se destina a presentar diferentes modelos. Se expone la relación directa y sin intermediarios que parece estar en la base tanto de Aristóteles como de Suárez. Se presenta el modelo de este último especialmente centrado en la diferencia entre dependencia material y dependencia efectiva. Se argumenta que este modelo bloquea las secuelas de la dependencia específica. Dentro de la exégesis spinozista hay dos interpretaciones compatibles con los textos de acuerdo con las cuales, o bien hay identidad entre la Naturam naturatam y Naturam naturantem expuesta en términos de instanciación, o bien hay diferencia. Se argumenta a favor de la segunda mediante la composición restricta. La sección se cierra con un número de enunciados aparentemente inconsistentes atribuibles a Leibniz. Se propone que, quizá, la inconsistencia comete capciosidad por equivocación al interpretar «existencia» del mismo modo en un enunciado que en otro. En § 5 se argumenta que se da cierta concomitancia entre el hecho de que haya cosas y alguna supuesta estructura del ámbito de lo ente. Se añade que si la identidad de las cosas no se reduce a la composición de sus elementos constituyentes, cierta indeterminación óntica aparece conjuntamente con restricciones en esa composición. Ante tal indeterminación, Johnston apela a los substrata como aquello que explica tanto la individuación de las cosas como aquello que soporta los elementos constituyentes de la cosas. Se da una explicación de cómo entender la propiedad de ser soporte sin que ello sea una relación interna, ni sea identificado con una relación de inherencia, sino más bien con una relación de dependencia óntica. El capítulo sexto está dedicado a la dependencia esencial, presentando inicialmente el campo semántico asociado a aquello que hace que una cosa sea la que es: naturaleza, esencia (quidditas),haecceitas, realitas, y cómo surgirían diferentes relaciones de dependencia. Se evalúa finalmente la propuesta de Fine proponiendo que si los modelos monistas recogen la dependencia esencial, estos no satisfacen su caracterización.
In the first section it is argued that the exposures that attempt to conform to the desideratum of neutrality are not sufficiently illuminating. This is followed by two ways of making the family of relations of ontological dependence manageable: the cases that theoretically fall into it, and the function that it fulfills. The second chapter is devoted entirely to making explicit the notion of existence by understanding it, either as a non-real property, or as a real property. It is argued that the first notion does not allow the existential dependence to be made comprehensible. The first parts of the second chapter are devoted to exposing the family of existential dependency relationships. Subsequently the specific existential dependence and the problems that are usually taken into account are presented: the mere modal association, the dependent symmetry between essential properties and substances, and the dependence given between the life of an individual and the individual in question. It is argued that the strict conditional has to be replaced by a relevant conditional whose relevance is given by the modal operator of metaphysical necessity. The third part of the second chapter focuses on generic dependence and dictum according to which it characterizes the immanent conception of universals. It is argued that if the relationship of dependence is presumably asymmetric and this conception is taken à la Armstrong, then the dictum is false. And, secondly, cases are offered for not taking the generic dependency relation as a case of instantiation. The third chapter is intended to present different models. It exposes the direct relationship and without intermediaries that seems to be at the base of both Aristotle and Suarez. Within the spinozist exegesis there are two interpretations compatible with the texts according to which either there is identity between Naturam naturatam and Naturam naturantem exposed in terms of instantiation, or else there is difference. It is argued in favor of the second. The section is closed with a number of seemingly inconsistent statements attributable to Leibniz. It is proposed that inconsistency commits misleading fallacy in interpreting "existence" in the same way in one statement than in another. To end, Fine’s proposal is evaluated, proposing that while the monist models collect the essential dependence, they do not satisfy his characterization. The sixth chapter is devoted to essential dependence, initially presenting the semantic field associated with that which makes a thing what it is: nature, essence (quidditas), haecceitas, realitas, and how different relations of dependence would arise. To end, Fine’s proposal is evaluated, proposing that while the monist models collect the essential dependence, they do not satisfy its characterization.
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25

Mesa, Villajos Alejandro. "El humor como límite en la tradición occidental". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671737.

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Aquesta tesis desenvolupa una filosofia de l’humor des de la perspectiva d’ una ontologia relacional. En general, les teories del riure han tractat de respondre, al llarg del S. XX, a la pregunta per què ens riem? Aquesta és una pregunta de gran rellevància. No obstant, la pregunta que inaugura aquesta investigació és: Quin paper ocupa l’humor dins del pensament occidental? La hipòtesis principal diu que l’humor opera com a límit en la tradició occidental. Això significa que l’humor ocupa un paper i un lloc tensional entre allò infinit i allò finit que es troba en l’existència humana. Amb tot, l’humor no remet a una transcendència de la manera en que ho fa la fe. La infinitud en l’humor resideix en un altre lloc. En aquesta tesis, l’humor com a límit s’ expressa: com a dubte, com a excepció i com a excés. A través d’ aquestes tres nocions, es procura una aproximació als conflictes que l’humor es troba a la tradició occidental i s’ observa una diferència entre l’humor i altres categories que, si bé s’ assemblen en el gest, difereixen d’ ell. Com a dubte, com a excepció i com a excés, l’humor dona comptes de la impossibilitat de resumir tota la realitat a un Universal abstracte, a una lògica de la representació en la que únicament cap el particular com a representació del Universal. En aquest sentit, l’estudi de l’humor com a límit mostra que aquest és clau en l’emergència de la singularitat i, en conseqüència, com a eina amb la que estudiar una dimensió aliena a l’esquema Universal/particular. La operativitat de l’humor com a límit implica repensar les teories de la incongruència. Aquestes teories comparteixen la idea de que l’humor es produeix davant d’ alguna incongruència. Aquesta idea és compartida i portada més enllà en aquesta tesis: pensar l’humor com a límit significa pensar en el revers ontològic de la incongruència. Però, ¿què és allò incongruent, inadequat o xocant en l’humor? El rerefons de totes les incongruències humorística no és una natura, un a priori o una essència, sinó una perplexitat davant la dualitat paradoxal que conforma l’existència.
Esta tesis desarrolla una filosofía del humor desde el enfoque de una ontología relacional. De forma general, las teorías de la risa han tratado de responder, a lo largo del S. XX, a la pregunta ¿por qué reímos? Esta es una pregunta de gran relevancia. Sin embargo, la pregunta que funda esta investigación es: ¿Qué papel ocupa el humor en el seno del pensamiento occidental? La hipótesis principal dice que el humor opera como límite en la tradición occidental. Esto significa que el humor ocupa un papel y un lugar tensional entre lo infinito y lo finito que se dan en la existencia humana. Con todo, el humor no apela a una trascendencia del modo en que lo hace la fe. La infinitud en el humor reside en otro lugar. En esta tesis, el humor como límite se expresa de tres modos: como duda, como excepción y como exceso. A través de estas tres nociones, se procura una aproximación a los conflictos que el humor se encuentra en la tradición occidental y se observa una diferencia entre el humor y otras categorías que, si bien guardan cierto parecido en el gesto, difieren de él. Como duda, como excepción y como exceso, el humor da cuenta de la imposibilidad de subsumir toda la realidad a un Universal abstracto, a una lógica de la representación en la que solo cabe lo particular como representación de lo Universal. En este sentido, el estudio del humor como límite lo muestra como agente clave en la emergencia de lo singular y, en consecuencia, como herramienta con la que estudiar una dimensión ajena al esquema Universal/particular. La operatividad del humor como límite implica repensar las teorías de la incongruencia. Estas teorías comparten la idea de que el humor se produce ante algún tipo de incongruencia. Esta idea es compartida y extendida por esta tesis: pensar el humor como límite significa pensar en el reverso ontológico de la incongruencia. Pero, ¿qué es lo incongruente, inadecuado o chocante en el humor? El trasfondo de todas las incongruencias humorísticas no es una naturaleza, un a priori o una esencia, sino una perplejidad ante la dualidad paradójica que conforma la existencia.
This thesis develops a philosophy of humor from a relational ontology approach. In general, laughter theories have tried to answer, during the 20th century, the question why do we laugh? This is a very relevant question. However, the question which establishes this research is the next one: What role does humor occupy within Western thought? The main hypothesis is that humor operates as a limit in Western tradition. This means that humor takes a role and a tension place between the infinite and the finite that happens in human existence. Nevertheless, humor does not appeal to transcendence in the way that faith does. The infinity in humor is elsewhere. In this thesis, humor as a limit is expressed in three ways: as doubt, as exception and as excess. Through these three notions, an approach is sought to the conflicts that humor finds in Western tradition, as well as a difference is catched, and that difference allows distinguishing humor from other categories that, although they have a certain similarity in the gesture, they are very different from humor. As a doubt, as an exception and as an excess, humor accounts for the impossibility to subsume the whole reality to an abstract Universal, to a logic of representation where the particular only has place as a representation of the Universal. In this sense, the study of humor as a limit defines it as a key agent in the emergence of the singular and, therefore, as a tool to study a dimension alien to the Universal/particular scheme. The operability of humor as a limit implies rethinking the theories of incongruity. These theories share the idea that humor occurs in the face of some kind of incongruity. This idea is shared and extended by this thesis: thinking about humor as a limit means thinking about the ontological reverse of incongruity. But, what is incongruous, inappropriate, or shocking about humor? The background of all the humorous incongruities is not a nature, an a priori or an essence, but a perplexity before the paradoxical duality that shapes existence.
Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Programa de Doctorat en Filosofia
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26

Corsar, David. "Developing knowledge-based systems through ontology mapping and ontology guided knowledge acquisition". Thesis, Available from the University of Aberdeen Library and Historic Collections Digital Resources, 2009. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=25800.

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27

Carbonetto, Andrew August. "Ontology alignment in the presence of a domain ontology : finding protein homology". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/821.

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Cheap electronic storage and Internet bandwidth has increased the amount of online data. Large quantities of metadata are created to manage this wealth of information. Methods to organize and structure metadata has led to the development of ontologies - data that is organized to describe the relation between elements. The creation of large ontologies has brought forth the need for ontology management strategies. Ontology alignment and merging techniques are standard operations for ontology management. Accurate ontology alignment methods are typically semi-automatic, meaning they require periodic user input. This becomes infeasible on large ontologies and the accuracy and efficiency drops significantly when these algorithms are forced to align without human interaction. Bioinformatics, for example, has seen the influx of large ontologies, such as signal pathway sets with thousands of elements or protein-protein interaction (PPI) databases with hundreds of thousands of elements. This drives the need for a reliable method of large-scale ontology alignment. Many bioinformatics ontologies contain references to domain ontologies - manually curated ontologies describing additional, general information about the terms in the ontologies. For example, more than 2/3 of proteins in PPI data sets contain at least one annotation to the domain ontology the Gene Ontology. We use the domain ontology references as features to compute similarity between elements. However, there are few efficient ways to compute similarity from structured features. We present a novel, automatic method for aligning ontologies based on such domain ontology features. Specifically, we use simulated annealing to reduce the complexity of the domain ontologys structure by finding approximate relevant clusters of elements. An intermediate step performs hierarchical clustering based on the similarity between elements of the ontology. Then the mapping between clusters across aligning ontologies is built. The final step builds an alignment between matched clusters. To evaluate our methods, we perform an alignment between Human (Homo Sapiens) and Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) signal pathways provided by the Reactome database. The results were compared against reliable homology studies of proteins. The final mapping produces alignments that are significantly more accurate than the traditional ontology alignment methods, without any human involvement.
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28

Cooke, Kirsten Sylvia. "Art ontology value : staging the ontology of art within systems of value". Thesis, University of Reading, 2016. http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/68583/.

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Lian, Zonghui. "A Tool to Support Ontology Creation Based on Incremental Mini-Ontology Merging". BYU ScholarsArchive, 2008. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/1663.

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This thesis addresses the problem of tool support for semi-automatic ontology mapping and merging. Solving this problem contributes to ontology creation and evolution by relieving users from tedious and time-consuming work. This thesis shows that a tool can be built that will take a “mini-ontology” and a “growing ontology” as input and make it possible to produce manually, semi-automatically, or automatically an extended growing ontology as output. Characteristics of this tool include: (1) a graphical, interactive user interface with features that will allow users to map and merge ontologies, and (2) a framework supporting pluggable, semi-automatic, and automatic mapping and merging algorithms.
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30

Morena, Luca. "Word or object? : a study of disagreement in ontology /". Milano : Albo versorio, 2007. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=016234905&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.

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31

Batet, Sanromà Montserrat. "Ontology based semantic clustering". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/31913.

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Els algoritmes de clustering desenvolupats fins al moment s’han centrat en el processat de dades numèriques i categòriques, no considerant dades textuals. Per manegar adequadament aquestes dades, es necessari interpretar el seu significat a nivell semàntic. En aquest treball es presenta un nou mètode de clustering que es capaç d’interpretar, de forma integrada, dades numèriques, categòriques i textuals. Aquest últims es processaran mitjançant mesures de similitud semàntica basades en 1) la utilització del coneixement taxonòmic contingut en una o diferents ontologies i 2) l’estimació de la distribució de la informació dels termes a la Web. Els resultats mostren que una interpretació precisa de la informació textual a nivell semàntic millora els resultats del clustering i facilita la interpretació de les classificacions.
Clustering algorithms have focused on the management of numerical and categorical data. However, in the last years, textual information has grown in importance. Proper processing of this kind of information within data mining methods requires an interpretation of their meaning at a semantic level. In this work, a clustering method aimed to interpret, in an integrated manner, numerical, categorical and textual data is presented. Textual data will be interpreted by means of semantic similarity measures. These measures calculate the alikeness between words by exploiting one or several knowledge sources. In this work we also propose two new ways of compute semantic similarity based on 1) the exploitation of the taxonomical knowledge available on one or several ontologies and 2) the estimation of the information distribution of terms in the Web. Results show that a proper interpretation of textual data at a semantic level improves clustering results and eases the interpretability of the classifications
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32

Bannard, Steven Todd. "Quantum mechanics and ontology". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/MQ65022.pdf.

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Chan, Michael. "Ontology evolution in physics". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/7907.

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With the advent of reasoning problems in dynamic environments, there is an increasing need for automated reasoning systems to automatically adapt to unexpected changes in representations. In particular, the automation of the evolution of their ontologies needs to be enhanced without substantially sacrificing expressivity in the underlying representation. Revision of beliefs is not enough, as adding to or removing from beliefs does not change the underlying formal language. General reasoning systems employed in such environments should also address situations in which the language for representing knowledge is not shared among the involved entities, e.g., the ontologies in a multi-ontology environment or the agents in a multi-agent environment. Our techniques involve diagnosis of faults in existing, possibly heterogeneous, ontologies and then resolution of these faults by manipulating the signature and/or the axioms. This thesis describes the design, development and evaluation of GALILEO (Guided Analysis of Logical Inconsistencies Lead to Evolution of Ontologies), a system designed to detect conflicts in highly expressive ontologies and resolve the detected conflicts by performing appropriate repair operations. The integrated mechanism that handles ontology evolution is able to distinguish between various types of conflicts, each corresponding to a unique kind of ontological fault. We apply and develop our techniques in the domain of Physics. This an excellent domain because many of its seminal advances can be seen as examples of ontology evolution, i.e. changing the way that physicists perceive the world, and case studies are well documented – unlike many other domains. Our research covers analysing a wide ranging development set of case studies and evaluating the performance of the system on a test set. Because the formal representations of most of the case studies are non-trivial and the underlying logic has a high degree of expressivity, we face some tricky technical challenges, including dealing with the potentially large number of choices in diagnosis and repair. In order to enhance the practicality and the manageability of the ontology evolution process, GALILEO incorporates the functionality of generating physically meaningful diagnoses and repairs and, as a result, narrowing the search space to a manageable size.
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34

Mitinunwong, Kanit. "An ontology of practice". Thesis, University of Warwick, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.399496.

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Bird, Alexander. "Arithmetic, grammar and ontology". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.386989.

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36

Jakušić, Dino. "The possibility of ontology". Thesis, University of Warwick, 2017. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/102444/.

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This thesis investigates the development of ontology as a philosophical discipline in the German philosophical tradition. It starts from what can be considered the invention of ontology and proceeds to the way it was received in the philosophy of Hegel. It is separated into two parts. The first part argues that what can be called the ‘traditional’ form of ontology is developed by Christian Wolff in his 1730 monograph Philosophia prima sive Ontologia, and it traces both the history of the name (or concept) ‘ontology’, as well as the history of the conception which led to Wolff’s formulation of it. The history of the name tracks the use of the concept ‘ontology’ from its first occurrence in 1606 up to Wolff. The history of the conception tracks the conceptions of various philosophical disciplines, found in thinkers such as Aristotle, Aquinas, and Spinoza, that ultimately give rise to Wolff’s conception of ontology as a science of an entity qua entity. The second part traces the development of this Wolffian conception through the philosophical systems of Kant and Hegel. The aim of this thesis is to argue that Wolff’s philosophy should be seen as the original formulation of the philosophical discipline of ontology and that the Wolffian conception of ontology is the one shared by subsequent German thinkers up to, and including, Hegel. I refer to this shared understanding of what ontology is as ‘the German ontological tradition’. The title of the thesis, The Possibility of Ontology, refers to the way in which this traditional understanding of what ontology is, is treated throughout the German ontological tradition. Specifically, Kant argues that the traditional conception is effectively impossible, while in Hegel one can find arguments that are intended to show that some aspects of this traditional discipline are in fact possible. Besides focusing on a fairly under-researched topic of the early history of ontology as a philosophical discipline, this thesis attempts to utilise its historical findings in order to provide novel ways in which the systems of the thinkers such as Kant and Hegel can be understood. There is a serious disregard for, or underplaying of, the Wolffian influence on the philosophical thought of Kant and Hegel, and it is my aim to contribute to the rectification of this situation by demonstrating the frequently overlooked dialogue these thinkers had with Wolff’s conception of ontology.
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37

Zhang, Ruoyu. "The ontology of haecceities". Thesis, Durham University, 2019. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/12963/.

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This thesis deals with the Problem of Distinction, i.e. what explains the distinction of two substances, especially when they are qualitatively indiscernible? It argues that the best solution to this problem is an ontology of haecceities, properties like "being identical with X" which is unique for X and responsible for its individuation. This is achieved in two steps. In the first half of the thesis (Chapters 2 to 5), the nature of the Problem of Distinction is clarified and Principles of Evaluations of the solution to the Problem of Distinction are set out. Then based on these Principles, the thesis argues against the main extant non-haecceity solutions to the Problem of Distinction including the Spacetime Points Solution, Bare Particularism, Trope Theory, and the Universal Bundle Theory. In the second half of the thesis (Chapters 6 to 9), it develops a novel ontology of haecceities. A Haecceity Mereology with three rules is proposed. According to this ontology, the reality is constituted by two fundamental kinds of properties, universals and haecceities. An individual substance is a special mereological sum of a haecceity and its correspondent universals. Hence, there are two distinct substances because of the distinction of two haecceities. Besides solving the Problem of Distinction, the ontology of haecceities also explains many other things such as the unity of substances. Further, we argue that, although our knowledge of substances is epistemically fallible, the relationship between a haecceity and its correspondent universals is metaphysically necessary.
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38

Huang, Fengqiong, James A. Macklin, Hong Cui, Heather A. Cole y Lorena Endara. "OTO: ontology term organizer". BioMed Central, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/610269.

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BACKGROUND: The need to create controlled vocabularies such as ontologies for knowledge organization and access has been widely recognized in various domains. Despite the indispensable need of thorough domain knowledge in ontology construction, most software tools for ontology construction are designed for knowledge engineers and not for domain experts to use. The differences in the opinions of different domain experts and in the terminology usages in source literature are rarely addressed by existing software. METHODS: OTO software was developed based on the Agile principles. Through iterations of software release and user feedback, new features are added and existing features modified to make the tool more intuitive and efficient to use for small and large data sets. The software is open source and built in Java. RESULTS: Ontology Term Organizer (OTO; http://biosemantics.arizona.edu/OTO/) is a user-friendly, web-based, consensus-promoting, open source application for organizing domain terms by dragging and dropping terms to appropriate locations. The application is designed for users with specific domain knowledge such as biology but not in-depth ontology construction skills. Specifically OTO can be used to establish is_a, part_of, synonym, and order relationships among terms in any domain that reflects the terminology usage in source literature and based on multiple experts' opinions. The organized terms may be fed into formal ontologies to boost their coverage. All datasets organized on OTO are publicly available. CONCLUSION: OTO has been used to organize the terms extracted from thirty volumes of Flora of North America and Flora of China combined, in addition to some smaller datasets of different taxon groups. User feedback indicates that the tool is efficient and user friendly. Being open source software, the application can be modified to fit varied term organization needs for different domains.
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39

Love, Shanon. "The Ontology of Persistence". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33719.

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In 1986, David Lewis offered what he thought would be the decisive objection against endurantism, showing it to be an implausible theory. The problem of temporary intrinsics stated that an object cannot have two complementary intrinsic properties while maintaining identity, as endurantists claim. Perdurantism, then, must be the more plausible theory, according to Lewis. The endurantists responded to this objection by formulating different versions of endurantism designed to avoid the problem. Subsequently, the endurantist tried to undermine the perdurantist position by arguing that a perduring object cannot undergo what is considered to be genuine change. As a result, endurantism is the more plausible theory. However, the perdurantist can show that endurantism seems to fail to provide an account of change as well. In what follows, I argue that the implicit ontological commitments of the endurantists and perdurantists have prevented the problem of temporary intrinsics and change from resolving the endurantist/perdurantist debate. I offer examples of plausible ontologies for the endurantist and perdurantist in order to emphasize this problem. I will argue that, in order to resolve the debate, one must ultimately examine the ontological accounts of each theory.
Master of Arts
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40

Sattig, Thomas. "Prediction, ontology and time". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.394979.

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41

Bermudez, Luis E. Piasecki Michael Ph D. "Ontomet: Ontology Metadata Framework /". Philadelphia, Pa. : Drexel University, 2004. http://dspace.library.drexel.edu/handle/1860/376.

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42

SALES, T. P. "Ontology Validation for Managers". Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2014. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/4273.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-29T15:33:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_8247_MSc Thesis - Tiago Prince Sales - Ontology Validation for Managers.pdf: 5883176 bytes, checksum: 8a88205c93ab6188ec78bdc4c5b590d9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-10-10
Ontology driven conceptual modeling focuses on accurately representing a domain of interest, instead of making information fit an arbitrary set of constructs. It may be used for different purposes, like to achieve semantic interoperability (Nardi, Falbo and Almeida, 2013), development of knowledge representation models (Guizzardi and Zamborlini, 2012) and language evaluation (Santos, Almeida and Guizzardi,2010). Regardless its final application, a model must be accurately defined in order for it to be a successful solution. This new branch of conceptual modeling improves traditional techniques by taking into consideration ontological properties, such as rigidity, identity and dependence, which are derived from a foundational ontology. This increasing interest in more expressive languages for conceptual modeling is shown by OMGs request for language proposals for the Semantic Information Model Federation (SIMF) (OMG,2011). OntoUML (Guizzardi, 2005) is an example of a language designed for that purpose.Its metamodel (Carraretto, 2010) is designed to comply to the Unified Foundational Ontology (UFO). It focus on structural aspects of individuals and universals.Grounded on human cognition and linguistics, it aims to provide the most basic categories in which humans understand and classify things around them.In (Guizzardi, 2010) Guizzardi quotes the famous Dijkstras lecture, in which he discusses the humble programmer and makes an analogy entitled the humble ontologist. He argues that the task of ontology-driven conceptual modeling is extremely complex and thus, modelers should surround themselves with as many tools as possible to aid in the development of the ontology. These complexities arise from different sources. A couple of them come from foundational ontology itself, both its modal nature, which imposes modelers to deal with possibilities, and the many different restrictions of each ontological category. But they also come from the need of accurately defining instance level constraints, which require additional rules, outside of the languages graphical notation. To help modelers to develop high quality OntoUML models, a number of tools have been proposed to aid in different phases of conceptual modeling. From the construction of the models themselves using design patterns questions (Guizzardi et al., 2011), to automatic syntax verification (Benevides, 2010) and model validation through simulation (Benevides et al., 2010). The importance of domain specification that accurately captures the intended conceptualization has been recognized by both the traditional conceptual modeling community (Moody et al., 2003) and the ontology community (Vrandečić, 2009). In this research we want to improve (Benevides et al., 2010) initiative, but focus exclusively on the validation of ontology driven conceptual models, and not on verification. With the complexity of the modeling activity in mind, we want to help modelers to systematically produce high quality ontologies, improving precision and coverage (Gangemi et al., 2005) of the models. We intend to make the simulationbased approach available for users that are not experts in the formal method, relieving them of the need to learn yet another language, solely for the purpose of validating their models.
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43

Furletti, Barbara. "Ontology-driven knowledge discovery". Thesis, IMT Alti Studi Lucca, 2009. http://e-theses.imtlucca.it/22/1/Furletti_phdthesis.pdf.

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The problem of Knowledge Discovery has always attracted many researchers and continues to be of great relevance to the computer science community in the branch of learning. This thesis aims to contribute to this topic, getting hints from the Ontology and Data Mining environments. We investigate a method for extracting new implicit knowledge directly from an ontology by using an inductive/deductive approach. By giving a sort of Bayesian interpretation to relationships that already exist in an ontology, we are able to return the extracted knowledge in form of Influence Rules. The idea is to split the extraction process in two separate phases by exploiting the ontology peculiarity of keeping metadata (the schema) and data (the instances) separate. The deductive process draws inference from the ontology structure, both concepts and properties, by applying link analysis techniques and producing a sort of implications (rules schemas) in which only the most important concepts are involved. Then an inductive process, realized by a data mining algorithm, explores the ontology instances for enriching the implications and building the final rules. A final rule has a form like where premise and consequence refer to the class names, and values to their datatype properties, while w, the weight, measures the strength of the influence. An example of a final rule is: Manager.hasAge < 45 0.80 Ð→ Project.hasDegreeOfSuccess = good. This can be read as, in 80% of the cases, whenever a manager of a company is less then 45 years old, then the project he manages has a good degree of success. xx What we want to prove, besides the correctness and feasibility1 of the project, is that the approach allows us to extract “higher level” rules w.r.t. classical knowledge discovery techniques. In fact, ontology metadata gives a general view of the domain of interest and supplies information about all the elements apart from the fact that they are included as instances in the collected data. The technique is completely general and applicable to each domain. Since the output is a set of “standard” Influence Rules, it can be used to integrate existing knowledge or for supporting any other data mining process. The thesis includes the following chapters: Chapter 1 contains a brief introduction of the work, focusing on the main questions that have to be addressed. Chapter 2 offers an overview of the context of research in which the thesis is part of: data mining and ontologies. Chapter 3 explores the literature dealing with the open questions raised in chapter 1. Chapter 4 is the core section; it discusses the proposed solutions and presents all the phases of the extraction process as well as the algorithms and the proofs. Chapter 5 describes an application of the methodology in the context of MUSING, a European project in the field of business intelligence. Chapter 6 ends this thesis with final considerations and future possible works.
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44

Yuee, Liu. "Ontology-based image annotation". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2010. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/39611/1/Liu_Yuee_Thesis.pdf.

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With regard to the long-standing problem of the semantic gap between low-level image features and high-level human knowledge, the image retrieval community has recently shifted its emphasis from low-level features analysis to high-level image semantics extrac- tion. User studies reveal that users tend to seek information using high-level semantics. Therefore, image semantics extraction is of great importance to content-based image retrieval because it allows the users to freely express what images they want. Semantic content annotation is the basis for semantic content retrieval. The aim of image anno- tation is to automatically obtain keywords that can be used to represent the content of images. The major research challenges in image semantic annotation are: what is the basic unit of semantic representation? how can the semantic unit be linked to high-level image knowledge? how can the contextual information be stored and utilized for image annotation? In this thesis, the Semantic Web technology (i.e. ontology) is introduced to the image semantic annotation problem. Semantic Web, the next generation web, aims at mak- ing the content of whatever type of media not only understandable to humans but also to machines. Due to the large amounts of multimedia data prevalent on the Web, re- searchers and industries are beginning to pay more attention to the Multimedia Semantic Web. The Semantic Web technology provides a new opportunity for multimedia-based applications, but the research in this area is still in its infancy. Whether ontology can be used to improve image annotation and how to best use ontology in semantic repre- sentation and extraction is still a worth-while investigation. This thesis deals with the problem of image semantic annotation using ontology and machine learning techniques in four phases as below. 1) Salient object extraction. A salient object servers as the basic unit in image semantic extraction as it captures the common visual property of the objects. Image segmen- tation is often used as the �rst step for detecting salient objects, but most segmenta- tion algorithms often fail to generate meaningful regions due to over-segmentation and under-segmentation. We develop a new salient object detection algorithm by combining multiple homogeneity criteria in a region merging framework. 2) Ontology construction. Since real-world objects tend to exist in a context within their environment, contextual information has been increasingly used for improving object recognition. In the ontology construction phase, visual-contextual ontologies are built from a large set of fully segmented and annotated images. The ontologies are composed of several types of concepts (i.e. mid-level and high-level concepts), and domain contextual knowledge. The visual-contextual ontologies stand as a user-friendly interface between low-level features and high-level concepts. 3) Image objects annotation. In this phase, each object is labelled with a mid-level concept in ontologies. First, a set of candidate labels are obtained by training Support Vectors Machines with features extracted from salient objects. After that, contextual knowledge contained in ontologies is used to obtain the �nal labels by removing the ambiguity concepts. 4) Scene semantic annotation. The scene semantic extraction phase is to get the scene type by using both mid-level concepts and domain contextual knowledge in ontologies. Domain contextual knowledge is used to create scene con�guration that describes which objects co-exist with which scene type more frequently. The scene con�guration is represented in a probabilistic graph model, and probabilistic inference is employed to calculate the scene type given an annotated image. To evaluate the proposed methods, a series of experiments have been conducted in a large set of fully annotated outdoor scene images. These include a subset of the Corel database, a subset of the LabelMe dataset, the evaluation dataset of localized semantics in images, the spatial context evaluation dataset, and the segmented and annotated IAPR TC-12 benchmark.
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45

Bezerra, Daniella Rodrigues. "SwTOI (Software Test Ontology Integrated): uma Ontologia com Aplicação em Teste do Linux". Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 2008. http://tede.ufam.edu.br/handle/tede/2949.

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Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-11T14:03:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO DANIELLA.pdf: 2040757 bytes, checksum: 21b1bef3ce0330932763dc1d246abb39 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-02-22
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas
This work encompasses elements of a study of knowlwedge representation founded on ontologies that have Linux testing as target domain. The study aims at demonstrating that once knowledge is formalised, it is possible to reuse it, to perform inference, to process it throuch computers, and, what is more, it becames amenable to being communicated between people and software. Towards that, three ontlogies have been developed: OSOnto (Operating System Ontology) which represents concepts of the operating system domain, SwTO (Software Test Ontology) which deals with the software testing domain, and SwTOI (SwTO Integrated) which represents concepts of both the above domains in an integrated way. For implementing the ontologies, OWL DL as ontology specification language, Prot´eg´e as ontology edition environment and Racer as the main reasoner, have been used. A quantitative and qualitative evaluation of the SwTOI ontology has been performed.
Este trabalho reúne elementos de um estudo sobre representacão do conhecimento fundamentado em ontologias tendo como domínio alvo o teste do Linux. O estudo visa demonstrar que uma vez que o conhecimento é formalizado, é possível reusá-lo, realizar inferência, processá-lo computacionalmente, como também tornase passível de comunicação entre pessoas e software. Para tal, foram desenvolvidas três ontologias: a OSOnto (Operating System Ontology) que representa conceitos do domínio de Sistema Operacional, a SwTO (Software Test Ontology) que trata do dom´ıniodetestedesoftware, e a SwTOI (SwTOIntegrated) que representa conceitos destes dois domínios integrados. Para a implementação das ontologias foi utilizada OWL DL como linguagem de especificação, o Protégé como ambiente de edição e o Racer como principal raciocinador. Uma avaliação quantitativa e qualitativa foi realizada da ontologia SwTOI.
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46

Horden, John. "Composites". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/394007.

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The four main chapters in this dissertation, while each largely self-standing, can be seen as together providing an extended defence of the view that classical mereology is analytically true. In chapter 1, I criticise Eli Hirsch’s influential deflationary account of the ontological debate on composition, according to which universalists and nihilists talk past each other, and neither speak truly in ordinary language. In chapter 2, I respond to a recent argument from Louis deRosset against the standard assumption that analytic truths are somehow metaphysically insubstantial. In chapter 3, I criticise various attempts to reconcile mereological nihilism with the truth of everyday discourse. Finally, in chapter 4, I argue for the analyticity of classical mereology, and answer the main objections to this view of composition.
Si bien los cuatro capítulos principales de esta tesis pueden leerse de forma independiente, se pueden considerar conjuntamente como una defensa extensa y detallada de la posición según la cual los axiomes de la mereología clásica son verdades analíticas. En el primer capítulo, critico la teoría deflacionista de Eli Hirsch, que afirma que los universalistas y los nihilistas no se entienden, y que ambas teorías son falsas en el lenguaje ordinario. En el segundo capítulo, rebato un argumento reciente de Louis deRosset en contra de la asunción estándar según la cual las verdades analíticas son, de alguna forma, metafísicamente insustanciales. En el tercer capítulo, critico varios intentos de reconciliar el nihilismo mereológico con la verdad del discurso cotidiano. Finalmente, en el cuarto capítulo, argumento en favor de la analiticidad de la mereología clásica, y respondo a las objecciones principales contra esta teoría de la composición.
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47

Rodríguez, Campi Alicia. "Para una (posible) ontología política de la danza". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/673311.

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Aquesta investigació parteix de la pregunta si es possible plantejar una ontologia política de la dansa i en quins termes pot ser possible. Arrel d’aquesta qüestió, es descriu el seu possible sentit ontològic, la especificitat ontològica de la dansa i la seva potencialitat política. Per aquest motiu, es presenta una lectura de la idea del polític a partir de Jean-Luc Nancy y Philippe Lacoue-Labarthe com a suspensió de sentit, es descriu la especificitat del pensament en moviment a través de la noció de kinetic bodily logos de Maxine Sheets-Johnstone que és interpretat en clau ontològica, i a través de la idea de presencia i del “venir a la presència”, es planteja la vulnerabilitat como esdeveniment i com a condició de possibilitat del polític.
Esta investigación parte de la pregunta si es posible una ontología política de la danza y en qué términos puede ser posible. A raíz de este cuestionamiento, se describe su posible sentido ontológico, la especificidad ontológica de la danza y su potencialidad política. Para ello se presenta una lectura de la idea de lo político a partir de Jean-Luc Nancy y Philippe Lacoue-Labarthe como suspensión de sentido, se describe la especificidad del pensamiento en movimiento a través de la noción de kinetic bodily logos de Maxine Sheets-Johnstone que se interpreta en clave ontológica, y a través de la idea de presencia y del “venir a la presencia”, se plantea la vulnerabilidad como acontecimiento y como condición de posibilidad de lo político.
This research departs from the question of if it is possible to contemplate a political ontology of dance and in which terms it could be possible. From this question, its possible ontological sense, its ontological specificity and its political potentiality are described. For this, the idea of the political through Jean-Luc Nancy and Philippe Lacoue-Labarthe is read as a suspension of sense, the specificity of thought in movement is described through the notion of kinetic bodily logos by Maxine Sheets-Johnstone, which is interpreted in an ontological key, and, through the idea of presence and “coming to presence”, vulnerability is considered as event and as a condition of the possibility of the political.
Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Programa de Doctorat en Filosofia
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48

Voigt, Martin y Jan Polowinski. "Towards a Unifying Visualization Ontology". Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2011. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-67559.

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Although many terminologies, taxonomies and also first ontologies for visualization have been suggested, there is still no unified and formal knowledge representation including the various fields of this interdisciplinary domain. We moved a step towards such an ontology by systematically reviewing existing models and classifications, identifying important fields and discussing inconsistently used terms. Finally, we specified an initial visualization ontology which can be used for both classification and synthesis of graphical representations. Our ontology can also serve the visualization community as a foundation to further formalize, align and unify its existing and future knowledge.
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49

Evirgen, Gencay Kemal. "Ontology Population Using Human Computation". Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12611559/index.pdf.

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In recent years, many researchers have developed new techniques on ontology population. However, these methods cannot overcome the semantic gap between humans and the extracted ontologies. Words-Around is a web application that forms a user-friendly environment which channels the vast Internet population to provide data towards solving ontology population problem that no known efficient computer algorithms can yet solve. This application&rsquo
s fundamental data structure is a list of words that people naturally link to each other. It displays these lists as a word cloud that is fun to drag around and play with. Users are prompted to enter whatever word comes to their mind upon seeing a word that is suggested from the application&rsquo
s database
or they can search for one word in particular to see what associations other users have made to it. Once logged in, users can view their activity history, which words they were the first to associate, and mark particular words as misspellings or as junk, to help keep the list&rsquo
s structure to be relevant and accurate. The results of this implementation indicate the fact that an interesting application that enables users just to play with its visual elements can also be useful to gather information.
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50

Lodhi, Sheheryar y Zaheer Ahmed. "Content Ontology Design Pattern Presentation". Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH, Data- och elektroteknik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-15760.

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Ontology design patterns are used for creating quality modeling solutions for ontologies. The presentation of ontology design patterns is concerned with reusability of ontologies from a user perspective. The purpose of this research is to identify improvement areas in the presentation of content ontology design patterns. The objective is to analyze different content ontology design patterns and provide suggestions for possible changes in current templates and pattern presentation. The ontology design pattern templates were compared with existing templates of other patterns to identify improvement areas. After this, two surveys were conducted with novice users and expert ontology engineers to improve the readability and usability of content ontology design patterns from the user perspective and to discover differences in opinion while using the patterns. Based on the findings of comparison and survey results, we proposed suggestions to improve the current template and presentation of content ontology design patterns.
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