Literatura académica sobre el tema "Oncologie préclinique"
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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Oncologie préclinique"
Vrignaud, Patricia. "Modèles précliniques en oncologie". Bulletin du Cancer 98, n.º 11 (noviembre de 2011): 1355–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1684/bdc.2011.1473.
Texto completoBayart, E., D. Azria, J. Balosso, M. Benderitter, E. Cohen-Jonathan Moyal, G. Delpon, E. Deutsch et al. "RadioTransNet, le réseau national de radiothérapie oncologique préclinique". Cancer/Radiothérapie 23, n.º 6-7 (octubre de 2019): 609–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.canrad.2019.07.155.
Texto completoPowell, Tracy L., Jordan Cooke y Alannah Brakke. "Modification du point de vue des étudiants en sciences infirmières : répercussions d’une expérience d’observation préclinique dans un service d’oncologie externe". Canadian Oncology Nursing Journal 29, n.º 1 (18 de enero de 2019): 40–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5737/236880762914046.
Texto completoAuthier, N., C. Pétorin, D. Pezet y A. Eschalier. "Neurotoxicité périphérique des traitements oncologiques: aspects précliniques et cliniques". Oncologie 8, n.º 10 (diciembre de 2006): 895–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10269-006-0533-9.
Texto completoBourgier, C., M. C. Vozenin y É. Deutsch. "Réirradiation des tissus sains : données radiobiologiques précliniques". Cancer/Radiothérapie 14, n.º 6-7 (octubre de 2010): 412–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.canrad.2010.06.007.
Texto completoFrancoz, Sarah, Juliette Mathiaux y Pierre Dubus. "Modèles précliniques chez le rongeur de carcinomes pulmonaires". Bulletin du Cancer 99, n.º 11 (noviembre de 2012): 1017–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1684/bdc.2012.1657.
Texto completoBrossard, C., A. C. Lefranc, M. Dos Santos, M. Benadjaoud, C. Demarquay, V. Buard, G. Tarlet et al. "Étude préclinique du traitement par thérapie cellulaire de la cystite radique chronique". Cancer/Radiothérapie 25, n.º 6-7 (octubre de 2021): 732–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.canrad.2021.07.015.
Texto completoBertho, A., M. Dos Santos, M. Benadjaoud, V. Buard, G. Tarlet, F. Milliat y A. François. "Lésions pulmonaires après irradiation en conditions stéréotaxiques : modélisation préclinique et aspects radiopathologiques". Cancer/Radiothérapie 22, n.º 6-7 (octubre de 2018): 722. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.canrad.2018.07.077.
Texto completoBrossard, C., A. C. Lefranc, M. Dos Santos, M. Benadjaoud, C. Demarquay, V. Buard, G. Tarlet et al. "Modélisation préclinique de la cystite radique chronique et étude du potentiel d’une thérapie cellulaire". Cancer/Radiothérapie 24, n.º 6-7 (octubre de 2020): 790. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.canrad.2020.08.040.
Texto completoCairo, Stefano y Jean-Gabriel Jude. "L’expérience d’une biotech pour les essais précliniques de molécules ciblant les cellules souches". Bulletin du Cancer 104, n.º 12 (diciembre de 2017): 1094–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bulcan.2017.10.015.
Texto completoTesis sobre el tema "Oncologie préclinique"
Benay, Stephan. "Mise au point des outils analytiques et formels utilisés dans la recherche préclinique en oncologie". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM5501.
Texto completoA nonlinear pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model has been devised do simultaneously describe the loss of erlotinib and its effect on the cell growth over time, in order to analyze impedance-based data of erlotinib effect on A431 cells growth in vitro over time. The model non-linearity requiring the use of iterative methods for parameter estimation, several steps of the model identification were studied, and solutions proposed, with application examples to cancer drugs :Choice of the optimization criterion - superiotity of the geometric mean functionnal relationship for non-linear model identification. Real data application : calibration curve of a bevacizumab ELISA quantification experiment.Choice of the most appropriate algorithm for the pharmacokinetic process identification problem. The derivative algorithms perform better. Real data application : simultaneous identification of the 5-fluorouracil and of its main metabolite pharmacokinetic system.Transform of the differential initial continuous-time model in a recursive discrete time model. The transformed model becomes linear with respect to its parameters, allowing straightforward parameter estimation without using any optimization algorithm. It is then also possible to track the parameter variations over time. Real data application : pharmacokinetic model parameter estimation of fotemustine, mitoxantrone and 5-fluorouracil
Raes, Florian. "Imagerie photoacoustique couplée à l’échographie haute résolution et à la fluorescence infrarouge en oncologie préclinique translationnelle". Thesis, Orléans, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ORLE2082/document.
Texto completoPreclinical imaging has become an unavoidable step for pathophysiological parameters assessments, for the follow up of tumor growth and for the anticancer therapies development. Technological improvements have emerged in recent years, allowing the emergence of new imaging modalities with a high potential for translation into clinical practice. This manuscript presents several approaches by ultrasound imaging, photoacoustics and near infrared fluorescence in order to monitor the cancer pathology. Initially, we focused on the characterization of hypoxia and its longitudinal assessment in various preclinical models of human cancers. Various multimodal imaging strategies were implemented to assess the efficacy of a new therapeutic prodrug allowing the release of an active molecule in the tumor microenvironment on human models of pancreatic, breast and lung tumors. Finally, in a context of translational research, we explored the potential of photoacoustic and near infrared fluorescence imaging to highlight the lymph node invasion by cancer cells implementing minimally invaded sentinel lymph node models. In this work, we have shown the interest in monitoring the tumor hypoxia in onco-pharmacology and highlighted the high potential of photoacoustic imaging for oncology translational approaches. The main limitation is the relatively shallow depth of regions that we can explore, but this point is currently subject to many technological developments. Feasibility studies performed and validation of proof of concept protocols will enable routine exploitation of these new imaging modalities
Segaoula, Zacharie. "Pertinence et validations préclinique et clinique du modèle spontané canin de mélanome dans le développement thérapeutique en oncologie". Thesis, Lille 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL2S004/document.
Texto completoPharmaceutical development is a long and fastidious process. In fact, each drug candidate has to meet with a certain safety criteria list, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics profiles need to be determined prior to first use in humans and market approval.For years, the pharmaceutical industry has been suffering from a lack of innovative molecules and thus despite the efforts and cost increases in R&D programs. And most novel drug candidates entering clinical trials fail to reach approval, largely because preclinical models used in development do not provide adequate information about their efficacy or toxicity. That’s why; more predictive models of efficiency in oncology, shaping more precisely the human pathology are needed.The study of novel drug candidates in dogs with naturally occurring tumors allows drug assessment in neoplasms sharing many fundamental features with its human counterparts, and thus provides an opportunity to answer questions guiding the cancer drug development path in ways not possible in more conventional models. Moreover, the strong homologies in clinical presentation, morphology, and overall biology between dogs and their human counterparts make companion animals a good model to investigate tumor process from ætiology to tailored treatments.The aim of this project was to validate the canine spontaneous tumor model, by combining preclinical and clinical approaches, in the comprehension of the underlying mechanisms of cancer from carcinogenesis to drug resistance and tumor dormancy and also the discovery of new tools essential for the prediction, diagnosis clinical follow-up and treatment.Metastatic melanoma is one of the most aggressive forms of cutaneous tumors in humans. It constitutes 4 to 11% of skin malignancies and only 2% of the cancers of the epidermis. These highly immunogenic tumors hold a severe prognosis when metastasized and contribute to an immune anti-tumor reaction which could potentially lead to immune escape and resistance to most standard treatment protocols. And even if the 5-year survival has been improved to 50 – 80% over the past decades, its incidence is still in the rise with 7000 cases and 75% related deaths reported every year in France.In dogs, melanomas are one of the most frequently diagnosed malignancies of the oral cavity. These cancers account for 7% of all malignant tumors in dogs and 160000 reported every year worldwide. It also constitutes one of the most aggressive metastasizing tumors with a median post-surgery survival rate of 173 days.We developed and characterized immunucytochemically, pharmacologically and genomically two canine melanoma cell lines from naturally occurring dog tumors with distinct clinical profiles. A list of genetic alterations of these two profiles has also been established and is in accordance with the published literature, presenting same features as human tumors. And because tumor heterogeneity is responsible of resistance to treatment and relapse, we isolated and investigated cancer stem cell populations in our cell line models in order to identify the linked biomarkers which may constitute future potential targets for the expansion of the oncological therapeutic panel.In conclusion, due to its intact immune system, tumor niche and also because it shares the same environment as we do, the canine patient represent a promising opportunity in the advancement of cancer research, the acceleration of translation process and the setting up of more effective and less toxic molecules with dual benefits for the human and veterinary medicine toward better patient care
Dereure, Erwan. "Quantitative analysis of bioluminescent signals in preclinical imaging". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024SORUS090.
Texto completoBioluminescence imaging (BLI) is an optical imaging technology in which a living organism or cell emits light through a biological substrate/enzyme reaction without any light excitation.This technology, used in preclinical oncology in order to quantify the tumor status in a non-invasive way, is still quite recent and for now biologists lack automated processing tools to improve the quantification of images. In addition, some experimental protocols require to extract the photon flux of multiple tumors on the same side of the animal. This can be difficult and can introduce errors and biases as BLI suffers from a lack of robustness because of a variability in vascularization, or hypoxic and necrotic zones within the tumors. In this work, we propose the use of Non-Negative Matrix Factorization to separate the photon flux of different tumors within the same bioluminescence image by leveraging the different pixel-wise temporal patterns. Such spatio-temporal unmixing yields several important challenges that we have tackled. In a first contribution, we use prior knowledge on the appearance of the tumors and show the importance of penalizing the norm of the wavelet coefficients corresponding to the sources estimated during the optimization process to obtain a high spatial consistency of unmixed tumors. In a second contribution we deal with strong heterogeneities within tumors corrupting the separation by presenting a dedicated pipeline for pre-aligning the photon flux of the different pixels. We show that the resulting method is capable of accurately extracting the photon flux of different tumors present within a single bioluminescence image. These algorithms were tested and validated on two real BLI datasets and on one synthetic dataset generated with a bioluminescence image simulator we designed and developed. In a third contribution, we propose a pharmacokinetics model to calibrate the tumor photon flux based on the bioluminescence signal emitted by a muscle. This allows us to extract meaningful physiological parameters from the image like substrate exchange rates. We show that these parameters represent significant features of the tumor state and can be used to improve the quantification of bioluminescence images
Ouerdani, Aziz. "Modélisation de données pharmacologiques précliniques et cliniques d'efficacité des médicaments anti-angiogéniques en cancérologie". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAM018/document.
Texto completoWithin the last 40 years, knowledge of tumor angiogenesis has literally exploded. In the seventies, Judah Folkman demonstrated that tumors need to be vascularized to continue to proliferate. Shortly after, the main protagonists of tumor angiogenesis have been discovered, as well as the mechanisms in which they are involved. The next decade is the beginning of the research on molecules with anti-angiogenic effects and in 2004 bevacizumab (Avastin, Roche), the first antiangiogenic drug used in oncology, was available for treating solid cancer patients. Along with this, the increasing interest of mixed-effects modeling coupled with advances in computer tools allowed developing more efficient methods of data analysis. In 2009, the regulatory agency FDA (Food and Drug Administration) in the United States has identified the central role of numerical modeling to better analyze the efficacy and toxicity preclinical and clinical oncology data. The aim of this project is to study the effects of different angiogenesis inhibitors on tumor dynamics, based on a population approach. The developed models are models based on ordinary differential equations and that integrate data and information from the literature. The objective of these models is to characterize the dynamics of tumor sizes in animals and patients in order to understand the effects of anti-angiogenic treatments and provide support for the development of these molecules, or to help clinicians for therapeutic decision making
Provost, Claire. "Comparaison de radiotraceurs marqués au gallium-68 et au fluor-18 pour l’imagerie TEP de modèles précliniques de neuroblastome, de glioblastome ou de cancer bronchopulmonaire". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS052/document.
Texto completoPositron Emission Tomography (PET), a modality of functional medical imaging, has been developing for about 15 years. In oncology, 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET has become a main tool for cancer diagnosis. However, FDG cannot detect and monitor all types of cancer. Thus research is continuing, exploring new applications for other documented tracers and developing more specific and targeted tracers than analogues of metabolic substrates. The first study of this doctorate was done with 68Ga-DOTATOC PET in preclinical model of neuroblastoma (NB), which share some biologic properties with neuroendocrine tumours, frequently expressing somatostatin receptors subtype 2 (SSTR2). Our aim was to compare FDG and 68Ga-DOTATOC PET in 3 different mouse models of human NB that express SSTR2 at different levels. The second study compared FDG and 68Ga-RGD, a ligand of integrins, in a mouse model of human glioblastoma (GB) that overexpresses αvβ3 integrin. Both tracers have been evaluated in monitoring 4 groups of animals untreated or treated with an anti-angiogenic agent and/or chemotherapy. The third study compared the 18F-RGD-K5 and 68Ga-RGD in a mouse model bearing human GB and pulmonary carcinoma, which has a low expression of αvβ3 integrin. The potential of those tracers for monitoring an anti-angiogenic treatment was subsequently studied. Both 68Ga-DOTATOC and FDG allowed visualizing the different models of NB. There was a correlation between tumour uptake of FDG and of 68Ga-DOTATOC and, ex vivo, with SSTR2 and Ki-67. 68Ga-RGD, unlike FDG, discriminated responders after 6 days of treatment. Results with 18F-RGD-K5 and 68Ga-RGD were concordant, but 18F-RGD-K5 was more efficient than 68Ga-RGD for visualization and treatment monitoring GB
Pierrillas, Philippe. "Optimisation du développement clinique de nouveaux anticancéreux par modélisation de données pharmacocinétiques et pharmacodynamiques précliniques". Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1047.
Texto completoImprovement of drug development is a very challenging question and even more in the field of oncology wherein the need for new medicines is crucial. In addition, the rate of approval for anticancer drugs after entry in phase I clinical trial was reported as one of the lowest of all therapeutic areas. Thereby, this process has to be improved, and the use of new approaches fulfilling the gap between preclinical and clinical settings by anticipating human pharmacokinetics and efficacy could be an interesting solution.The work is focused on the building of strategies based on mathematical modeling of in vivo and in vitro preclinical data to anticipate the behavior of a new bcl-2 inhibitor developed by Servier laboratories in human to support clinical development. This project was elaborated following different steps:Firstly, a semi-mechanistic relationship was established in mice to describe the mechanism of action of the compound.PK extrapolation strategy using PBPK modeling was performed to anticipate human concentration-time profiles.PD extrapolation strategies based on different assumptions were proposed to predict human efficacy and doses to be tested in clinical trial.Predictions obtained were consequently compared to clinical results from a First in Human study confirming the usefulness of such approaches and the superiority of mechanism-based strategies compared to more empirical approaches.Therefore, this project highlights the large interest of elaborating interspecies translational approaches during drug development and could promote their use to accelerate new entities development, decreasing the risks of failure and financial costs
Desmonts, Cedric. "Apport des technologies TEMP et TEP numériques en médecine nucléaire dans le domaine de l’oncologie clinique et préclinique". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023NORMC429.
Texto completoIn recent years, nuclear medicine has undergone significant technological advances with the introduction of digital cameras based on the use of semiconductor detectors. In single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), this technology was first introduced on dedicated cardiac CzT cameras. More recently, 360° CzT cameras with extended field-of-view have been developed to enable whole-body tomographic explorations. Similarly, the cameras used in positron emission tomography (PET) have undergone a transition to digital technologies thanks to the use of new SiPM-based detectors. This work has allowed for the evaluation of the performance of these digital SPECT and PET cameras in nuclear medicine, within the field of clinical and preclinical oncology. We have thus demonstrated the improvements in sensitivity, energy resolution, and image contrast achieved through the use of 360° CzT cameras compared to conventional Anger cameras. Additionally, we demonstrated the feasibility of using this type of camera developed for humans, to perform preclinical imaging in small animals. Furthermore, we have evaluated SiPM-based PET cameras using phantoms for potential preclinical applications. We have thus measured performance approaching that obtained with dedicated microPET cameras, enabling simultaneous imaging of four animals, and demonstrated the ability to perform accurate quantification in preclinical oncology
Ricard, Clément. "Effets de la photoactivation par irradiation synchroton sur la microvascularisation et sur les tissus cérébraux chez la souris saine ou porteuse d'un gliome : développements en microscopie biphotonique et essais précliniques". Grenoble 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008GRE10081.
Texto completoBrain tumors are the third most frequent pathology encountered in neurology following stroke and dementia. Approximately 10 new cases are encountered each year in a population of 100. 000. Glioblastoma are the most aggressive among brain tumors and despite medical progress they suffer of a poor prognosis (median survival time is 12 months; five years survival rate is 2%). One of the challenges in neuro-oncology is the development of new curative treatments against glioblastoma. One of them, the photoactivation therapy of platinum with synchrotron X-rays (PAT-Plat) was developed during the last years and has shown curative effects in rats bearing the F98 glioma. In the present study, we have attempted to characterize the effects of the PAT-Plat and its different modalities (chemotherapy with cisplatin and synchrotron radiotherapy) on healthy brain tissue and microvasculature as well as on the F98 glioma. Intravital multiphoton microscopy was used as the main imaging tool to investigate the effects of the PAT-Plat and many methodologies were developed (assessement of blood-brain-barrier (BBB) disruption, imaging of tumor microvasculature, staining of astrocytes and elastic fibers). We have shown that a 15Gy/79keV synchrotron irradiation does not induce short term side effects (BBB disruption, diminution of the perfusion, gliosis,. . . ) in the parietal cortex of nude mice. We have also demonstrated that a synergystic effect between cisplatin and irradiation is at the origin of the effects of the PAT-Plat. Finally, we have shown that the action of the PAT-Plat is not restricted to tumor cells; a decrease in the angiogenic vessels perfusion was also observed in the peritumoral area of the F98 glioma
Belounis, Assila. "Nouvelles approches thérapeutiques pour prévenir les rechutes du neuroblastome : étude préclinique et translationnelle". Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/24850.
Texto completoNeuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extracranial solid tumor in childhood. Despite aggressive multimodal therapy, 40% of patients with high-risk NB relapse. The current therapy comprises an induction treatment with chemotherapy and surgery, a consolidation treatment including radiotherapy and high-dose chemotherapy followed by bone marrow rescue with autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and finally anti-GD2 immunotherapy targeting the disialoganglioside (GD2) antigen expressed by neuroblasts to treat minimal residual disease (MRD). Our preclinical study proposes two treatment strategies to potentiate current therapies and reduced toxicities. The first aim to reduce tumor mass by targeted radiotherapy combined with radiosensitizers. The second approach is based on the activation of natural killer (NK) cells to potentiate the effect of anti-GD2 therapy and eliminate MRD. Autophagy is a catabolic process that recycle damaged proteins and organelles, induced under various conditions of cellular stress including irradiation. Therefore, inhibiting autophagy could sensitize neuroblasts to irradiation. However, our study showed that neuroblasts were highly sensitive to irradiation and autophagy inhibitor failed to increase neuroblasts sensitization to irradiation. In addition, the absence of a potent autophagy inhibitor for therapeutic use does not allow this approach to be adopted. Our preclinical study demonstrated a novel approach based on NK cell stimulation with Toll-like activated plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) that enhances the efficacy of anti-GD2 immunotherapy and prevent NB relapse. We elucidated the mechanisms involved in pDC-activated NK cells killing of neuroblasts. We further demonstrated that neuroblasts were efficiently killed by patient’s NK cells after stimulation by activated pDC. This is further increased by the addition of anti-GD2 antibody. Altogether, our study demonstrates that NK cell-based immunotherapy has a real potential to enhance anti-GD2 immunotherapy effect and prevent NB relapse. This preclinical study will serve as a basis for the development of a clinical trial to treat children with NB at CHU Sainte Justine.