Artículos de revistas: "Olfactory Ectomesenchymal Stem Cell"

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Salehi, Majid, Zohreh Bagher, Seyed Kamran Kamrava, Arian Ehterami, Rafieh Alizadeh, Mohammad Farhadi, Masoumeh Falah y Ali Komeili. "Alginate/chitosan hydrogel containing olfactory ectomesenchymal stem cells for sciatic nerve tissue engineering". Journal of Cellular Physiology 234, n.º 9 (31 de enero de 2019): 15357–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.28183.

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Veron, Antoine D., Cécile Bienboire-Frosini, Stéphane D. Girard, Kevin Sadelli, Jean-Claude Stamegna, Michel Khrestchatisky, Jennifer Alexis et al. "Syngeneic Transplantation of Olfactory Ectomesenchymal Stem Cells Restores Learning and Memory Abilities in a Rat Model of Global Cerebral Ischemia". Stem Cells International 2018 (2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2683969.

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Stem cells are considered as promising tools to repair diverse tissue injuries. Among the different stem cell types, the “olfactory ectomesenchymal stem cells” (OE-MSCs) located in the adult olfactory mucosa stand as one of the best candidates. Here, we evaluated if OE-MSC grafts could decrease memory impairments due to ischemic injury. OE-MSCs were collected from syngeneic F344 rats. After a two-step global cerebral ischemia, inducing hippocampal lesions, learning abilities were evaluated using an olfactory associative discrimination task. Cells were grafted into the hippocampus 5 weeks after injury and animal’s learning abilities reassessed. Rats were then sacrificed and the brains collected for immunohistochemical analyses. We observed significant impairments in learning and memory abilities following ischemia. However, 4 weeks after OE-MSC grafts, animals displayed learning and memory performances similar to those of controls, while sham rats did not improve them. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed that grafts promoted neuroblast and glial cell proliferation, which could permit to restore cognitive functions. These results demonstrated, for the first time, that syngeneic transplantations of OE-MSCs in rats can restore cognitive abilities impaired after brain injuries and provide support for the development of clinical studies based on grafts of OE-MSCs in amnesic patients following brain injuries.

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Girard, Stéphane D., Isabelle Virard, Emmanuelle Lacassagne, Jean-Michel Paumier, Hanae Lahlou, Françoise Jabes, Yves Molino et al. "From Blood to Lesioned Brain: An In Vitro Study on Migration Mechanisms of Human Nasal Olfactory Stem Cells". Stem Cells International 2017 (2017): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1478606.

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Stem cell-based therapies critically rely on selective cell migration toward pathological or injured areas. We previously demonstrated that human olfactory ectomesenchymal stem cells (OE-MSCs), derived from an adult olfactory lamina propria, migrate specifically toward an injured mouse hippocampus after transplantation in the cerebrospinal fluid and promote functional recoveries. However, the mechanisms controlling their recruitment and homing remain elusive. Using an in vitro model of blood-brain barrier (BBB) and secretome analysis, we observed that OE-MSCs produce numerous proteins allowing them to cross the endothelial wall. Then, pan-genomic DNA microarrays identified signaling molecules that lesioned mouse hippocampus overexpressed. Among the most upregulated cytokines, both recombinant SPP1/osteopontin and CCL2/MCP-1 stimulate OE-MSC migration whereas only CCL2 exerts a chemotactic effect. Additionally, OE-MSCs express SPP1 receptors but not the CCL2 cognate receptor, suggesting a CCR2-independent pathway through other CCR receptors. These results confirm that OE-MSCs can be attracted by chemotactic cytokines overexpressed in inflamed areas and demonstrate that CCL2 is an important factor that could promote OE-MSC engraftment, suggesting improvement for future clinical trials.

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Simorgh, Sara, Peiman Brouki Milan, Maryam Saadatmand, Zohreh Bagher, Mazaher Gholipourmalekabadi, Rafieh Alizadeh, Ahmad Hivechi, Zohreh Arabpour, Masoud Hamidi y Cédric Delattre. "Human Olfactory Mucosa Stem Cells Delivery Using a Collagen Hydrogel: As a Potential Candidate for Bone Tissue Engineering". Materials 14, n.º 14 (13 de julio de 2021): 3909. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14143909.

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For bone tissue engineering, stem cell-based therapy has become a promising option. Recently, cell transplantation supported by polymeric carriers has been increasingly evaluated. Herein, we encapsulated human olfactory ectomesenchymal stem cells (OE-MSC) in the collagen hydrogel system, and their osteogenic potential was assessed in vitro and in vivo conditions. Collagen type I was composed of four different concentrations of (4 mg/mL, 5 mg/mL, 6 mg/mL, 7 mg/mL). SDS-Page, FTIR, rheologic test, resazurin assay, live/dead assay, and SEM were used to characterize collagen hydrogels. OE-MSCs encapsulated in the optimum concentration of collagen hydrogel and transplanted in rat calvarial defects. The tissue samples were harvested after 4- and 8-weeks post-transplantation and assessed by optical imaging, micro CT, and H&E staining methods. The highest porosity and biocompatibility were confirmed in all scaffolds. The collagen hydrogel with 7 mg/mL concentration was presented as optimal mechanical properties close to the naïve bone. Furthermore, the same concentration illustrated high osteogenic differentiation confirmed by real-time PCR and alizarin red S methods. Bone healing has significantly occurred in defects treated with OE-MSCs encapsulated hydrogels in vivo. As a result, OE-MSCs with suitable carriers could be used as an appropriate cell source to address clinical bone complications.

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Delorme, Bruno, Emmanuel Nivet, Julien Gaillard, Thomas Häupl, Jochen Ringe, Arnaud Devèze, Jacques Magnan et al. "The Human Nose Harbors a Niche of Olfactory Ectomesenchymal Stem Cells Displaying Neurogenic and Osteogenic Properties". Stem Cells and Development 19, n.º 6 (junio de 2010): 853–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/scd.2009.0267.

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6

Földes, Anna, Hajnalka Reider, Anita Varga, Krisztina S. Nagy, Katalin Perczel-Kovach, Katalin Kis-Petik, Pamela DenBesten, András Ballagi y Gábor Varga. "Culturing and Scaling up Stem Cells of Dental Pulp Origin Using Microcarriers". Polymers 13, n.º 22 (15 de noviembre de 2021): 3951. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13223951.

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Ectomesenchymal stem cells derived from the dental pulp are of neural crest origin, and as such are promising sources for cell therapy and tissue engineering. For safe upscaling of these cells, microcarrier-based culturing under dynamic conditions is a promising technology. We tested the suitability of two microcarriers, non-porous Cytodex 1 and porous Cytopore 2, for culturing well characterized dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) using a shake flask system. Human DPSCs were cultured on these microcarriers in 96-well plates, and further expanded in shake flasks for upscaling experiments. Cell viability was measured using the alamarBlue assay, while cell morphology was observed by conventional and two-photon microscopies. Glucose consumption of cells was detected by the glucose oxidase/Clark-electrode method. DPSCs adhered to and grew well on both microcarrier surfaces and were also found in the pores of the Cytopore 2. Cells grown in tissue culture plates (static, non-shaking conditions) yielded 7 × 105 cells/well. In shake flasks, static preincubation promoted cell adhesion to the microcarriers. Under dynamic culture conditions (shaking) 3 × 107 cells were obtained in shake flasks. The DPSCs exhausted their glucose supply from the medium by day seven even with partial batch-feeding. In conclusion, both non-porous and porous microcarriers are suitable for upscaling ectomesenchymal DPSCs under dynamic culture conditions.

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7

VanHook, Annalisa M. "Inflammation induces stem cell quiescence". Science Signaling 12, n.º 605 (29 de octubre de 2019): eaaz9665. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scisignal.aaz9665.

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8

Ge, Lite, Miao Jiang, Da Duan, Zijun Wang, Linyu Qi, Xiaohua Teng, Zhenyu Zhao et al. "Secretome of Olfactory Mucosa Mesenchymal Stem Cell, a Multiple Potential Stem Cell". Stem Cells International 2016 (2016): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1243659.

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Nasal olfactory mucosa mesenchymal stem cells (OM-MSCs) have the ability to promote regeneration in the nervous systemin vivo. Moreover, with view to the potential for clinical application, OM-MSCs have the advantage of being easily accessible from patients and transplantable in an autologous manner, thus eliminating immune rejection and contentious ethical issues. So far, most studies have been focused on the role of OM-MSCs in central nervous system replacement. However, the secreted proteomics of OM-MSCs have not been reported yet. Here, proteins secreted by OM-MSCs cultured in serum-free conditions were separated on SDS-PAGE and identified by LC-MS/MS. As a result, a total of 274 secreted proteins were identified. These molecules are known to be important in neurotrophy, angiogenesis, cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis, and inflammation which were highly correlated with the repair of central nervous system. The proteomic profiling of the OM-MSCs secretome might provide new insights into their nature in the neural recovery. However, proteomic analysis for clinical biomarkers of OM-MSCs needs to be further studied.

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9

Fletcher, Russell B., Diya Das, Levi Gadye, Kelly N. Street, Ariane Baudhuin, Allon Wagner, Michael B. Cole et al. "Deconstructing Olfactory Stem Cell Trajectories at Single-Cell Resolution". Cell Stem Cell 20, n.º 6 (junio de 2017): 817–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.stem.2017.04.003.

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10

Lee, Jung-Hwan y Seog-Jin Seo. "Biomedical Application of Dental Tissue-Derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells". Stem Cells International 2016 (2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9762465.

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The academic researches and clinical applications in recent years found interest in induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs-) based regenerative medicine due to their pluripotency able to differentiate into any cell types in the body without using embryo. However, it is limited in generating iPSCs from adult somatic cells and use of these cells due to the low stem cell potency and donor site morbidity. In biomedical applications, particularly, dental tissue-derived iPSCs have been getting attention as a type of alternative sources for regenerating damaged tissues due to high potential of stem cell characteristics, easy accessibility and attainment, and their ectomesenchymal origin, which allow them to have potential for nerve, vessel, and dental tissue regeneration. This paper will cover the overview of dental tissue-derived iPSCs and their application with their advantages and drawbacks.

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Kudlik, Gyöngyi, Zsolt Matula, Tamás Kovács, S. Veronika Urbán y Ferenc Uher. "A pluri- és multipotencia határán: a ganglionléc őssejtjei". Orvosi Hetilap 156, n.º 42 (octubre de 2015): 1683–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/650.2015.30271.

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The neural crest is a transient, multipotent, migratory cell population that is unique to vertebrate embryos and gives rise to many derivatives, ranging from the neuronal and glial components of the peripheral nervous system to the ectomesenchymal derivatives of the craniofacial area and pigment cells in the skin. Intriguingly, the neural crest derived stem cells are not only present in the embryonic neural crest, but also in their target tissues in the fetus and adult. These postmigratory stem cells, at least partially, resemble their multipotency. Moreover, fully differentiated neural crest-derived cells such as Schwann cells and melanocytes are able to dedifferentiate into stem-like progenitors. Here the authors review current understanding of this unique plasticity and its potential application in stem cell biology as well as in regenerative medicine. Orv. Hetil., 2015, 156(42), 1683–1694.

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12

Ochi, Naoki, Kiyoshi Doi, Masahiro Uranagase, Tasuku Nishikawa, Sayaka Katsunuma y Ken-Ichi Nibu. "Bone Marrow Stem Cell Transplantation to Olfactory Epithelium". Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 119, n.º 8 (agosto de 2010): 535–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348941011900806.

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13

Calof, Anne L., Jeffrey S. Mumm, Peter C. Rim y Jianyong Shou. "The neuronal stem cell of the olfactory epithelium". Journal of Neurobiology 36, n.º 2 (agosto de 1998): 190–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-4695(199808)36:2<190::aid-neu7>3.0.co;2-x.

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14

Bricker, Rebecca. "Stem Cell Therapies for Sensory Organ Disorders". Science Reviews. Biology 1, n.º 2 (31 de enero de 2023): 9–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.57098/scirevs.biology.1.2.2.

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Sensory organ disorders, such as visual impairment, hearing loss, and olfactory dysfunction, affect a significant percentage of the population. There are no effective therapies to restore cell damage and tissue function to these sensory organs. Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have the potential to expand out to an unlimited number of cells and differentiate into any cell type of the body, and therefore have high potential to restore tissue function in transplantation stem cell therapies for sensory organ disorders. This review elaborates on the specific sensory cells for the vision, auditory, and olfactory tissues that were generated from hPSCs. It then describes the effectiveness of using hPSC-derived sensory progenitors in animal models of disease and what needs to be done next in order to progress stem cell therapies to the clinic.

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15

Ibarretxe, Gaskon, Olatz Crende, Maitane Aurrekoetxea, Victoria García-Murga, Javier Etxaniz y Fernando Unda. "Neural Crest Stem Cells from Dental Tissues: A New Hope for Dental and Neural Regeneration". Stem Cells International 2012 (2012): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/103503.

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Several stem cell sources persist in the adult human body, which opens the doors to both allogeneic and autologous cell therapies. Tooth tissues have proven to be a surprisingly rich and accessible source of neural crest-derived ectomesenchymal stem cells (EMSCs), which may be employed to repair disease-affected oral tissues in advanced regenerative dentistry. Additionally, one area of medicine that demands intensive research on new sources of stem cells is nervous system regeneration, since this constitutes a therapeutic hope for patients affected by highly invalidating conditions such as spinal cord injury, stroke, or neurodegenerative diseases. However, endogenous adult sources of neural stem cells present major drawbacks, such as their scarcity and complicated obtention. In this context, EMSCs from dental tissues emerge as good alternative candidates, since they are preserved in adult human individuals, and retain both high proliferation ability and a neural-like phenotypein vitro. In this paper, we discuss some important aspects of tissue regeneration by cell therapy and point out some advantages that EMSCs provide for dental and neural regeneration. We will finally review some of the latest research featuring experimental approaches and benefits of dental stem cell therapy.

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Fletcher, Russell B., Melanie S. Prasol, Jose Estrada, Ariane Baudhuin, Karen Vranizan, Yoon Gi Choi y John Ngai. "p63 Regulates Olfactory Stem Cell Self-Renewal and Differentiation". Neuron 72, n.º 5 (diciembre de 2011): 748–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2011.09.009.

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17

Li, Yang, Xia Cao, Wenwen Deng, Qingtong Yu, Congyong Sun, Ping Ma, Fengxia Shao et al. "3D printable Sodium alginate-Matrigel (SA-MA) hydrogel facilitated ectomesenchymal stem cells (EMSCs) neuron differentiation". Journal of Biomaterials Applications 35, n.º 6 (15 de octubre de 2020): 709–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0885328220961261.

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Ectomesenchymal stem cells (EMSCs) are typical adult stem cells obtained from the cranial neural crest. They have the potential to differentiate into various cell types, such as osseous cells, neurons and glial cells. Three-dimensional (3 D) printing is a novel method to construct biological structures by rapid prototyping. Previously, our group reported on the stemness and multi-lineage differentiation potential of EMSCs on gels. However, the exploration of EMSCs in 3 D printing and then evaluation of the growth and neuronal differentiation of EMSCs on extruded 3 D printable hybrid hydrogels has not been reported. Therefore, the current study explored the novel hybrid Sodium alginate-Matrigel (SA-MA) hydrogel extruded 3 D printing to design an in vitro scaffold to promote the differentiation and growth of EMSCs. In addition, the physical properties of the hydrogel were characterized and its drug-releasing property determined. Notably, the results showed that the construct exhibited a sustain-released effect of growth factor BDNF in accordance with the Higuchi equation. Moreover, the cell survival rate on the 3 D printed scaffold was 88.22 ± 1.13% with higher neuronal differentiation efficiency compared with 2 D culture. Thus, SA-MA’s ability to enhanced EMSCs neuronal differentiation offers a new biomaterial for neurons regeneration in the treatment of spinal cord injury.

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18

Xu, Q. L., A. Furuhashi, Q. Z. Zhang, C. M. Jiang, T. H. Chang y A. D. Le. "Induction of Salivary Gland–Like Cells from Dental Follicle Epithelial Cells". Journal of Dental Research 96, n.º 9 (25 de mayo de 2017): 1035–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022034517711146.

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The dental follicle (DF), most often associated with unerupted teeth, is a condensation of ectomesenchymal cells that surrounds the tooth germ in early stages of tooth development. In the present study, we aim to isolate epithelial stem-like cells from the human DF and explore their potential differentiation into salivary gland (SG) cells. We demonstrated the expression of stem cell–related genes in the epithelial components of human DF tissues, and these epithelial progenitor cells could be isolated and ex vivo expanded in a reproducible manner. The human DF-derived epithelial cells possessed clonogenic and sphere-forming capabilities, as well as expressed a panel of epithelial stem cell–related genes, thus conferring stem cell properties (hDF-EpiSCs). When cultured under in vitro 3-dimensional induction conditions, hDF-EpiSCs were capable to differentiate into SG acinar and duct cells. Furthermore, transplantation of hDF-EpiSC–loaded native de-cellularized rat parotid gland scaffolds into the renal capsule of nude mice led to the differentiation of transplanted hDF-EpiSCs into salivary gland–like cells. These findings suggest that hDF-EpiSCs might be a promising source of epithelial stem cells for the development of stem cell–based therapy or bioengineering SG tissues to repair/regenerate SG dysfunction.

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19

Hassenklöver, Thomas, Peter Schwartz, Detlev Schild y Ivan Manzini. "Purinergic Signaling Regulates Cell Proliferation of Olfactory Epithelium Progenitors". Stem Cells 27, n.º 8 (agosto de 2009): 2022–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/stem.126.

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20

Packard, A., N. Schnittke, R. A. Romano, S. Sinha y J. E. Schwob. "Np63 Regulates Stem Cell Dynamics in the Mammalian Olfactory Epithelium". Journal of Neuroscience 31, n.º 24 (15 de junio de 2011): 8748–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.0681-11.2011.

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McDonald, Cameron, Alan Mackay-Sim, Denis Crane y Wayne Murrell. "Could Cells from Your Nose Fix Your Heart? Transplantation of Olfactory Stem Cells in a Rat Model of Cardiac Infarction". Scientific World JOURNAL 10 (2010): 422–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2010.40.

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This study examines the hypothesis that multipotent olfactory mucosal stem cells could provide a basis for the development of autologous cell transplant therapy for the treatment of heart attack. In humans, these cells are easily obtained by simple biopsy. Neural stem cells from the olfactory mucosa are multipotent, with the capacity to differentiate into developmental fates other than neurons and glia, with evidence of cardiomyocyte differentiationin vitroand after transplantation into the chick embryo. Olfactory stem cells were grown from rat olfactory mucosa. These cells are propagated as neurosphere cultures, similar to other neural stem cells. Olfactory neurospheres were grownin vitro, dissociated into single cell suspensions, and transplanted into the infarcted hearts of congeneic rats. Transplanted cells were genetically engineered to express green fluorescent protein (GFP) in order to allow them to be identified after transplantation. Functional assessment was attempted using echocardiography in three groups of rats: control, unoperated; infarct only; infarcted and transplanted. Transplantation of neurosphere-derived cells from adult rat olfactory mucosa appeared to restore heart rate with other trends towards improvement in other measures of ventricular function indicated. Importantly, donor-derived cells engrafted in the transplanted cardiac ventricle and expressed cardiac contractile proteins.

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22

Choi, Sung S., Seung-Bin Yoon, Sang-Rae Lee, Sun-Uk Kim, Young Joo Cha, Daniel Lee, Seung U. Kim, Kyu-Tae Chang y Hong J. Lee. "Establishment and Characterization of Immortalized Minipig Neural Stem Cell Line". Cell Transplantation 26, n.º 2 (febrero de 2017): 271–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3727/096368916x692852.

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Despite the increasing importance of minipigs in biomedical research, there has been relatively little research concerning minipig-derived adult stem cells as a promising research tool that could be used to develop stem cell-based therapies. We first generated immortalized neural stem cells (iNSCs) from primary minipig olfactory bulb cells (pmpOBCs) and defined the characteristics of the cell line. Primary neural cells were prepared from minipig neonate olfactory bulbs and immortalized by infection with retrovirus carrying the v-myc gene. The minipig iNSCs (mpiNSCs) had normal karyotypes and expressed NSC-specific markers, including nestin, vimentin, Musashi1, and SOX2, suggesting a similarity to human NSCs. On the basis of the global gene expression profiles from the microarray analysis, neurogenesis-associated transcript levels were predominantly altered in mpiNSCs compared with pmpOBCs. These findings increase our understanding of minipig stem cells and contribute to the utility of mpiNSCs as resources for immortalized stem cell experiments.

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23

Alvites, Rui D., Mariana V. Branquinho, Ana C. Sousa, Bruna Lopes, Patrícia Sousa, Justina Prada, Isabel Pires et al. "Effects of Olfactory Mucosa Stem/Stromal Cell and Olfactory Ensheating Cells Secretome on Peripheral Nerve Regeneration". Biomolecules 12, n.º 6 (11 de junio de 2022): 818. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom12060818.

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Cell secretome has been explored as a cell-free technique with high scientific and medical interest for Regenerative Medicine. In this work, the secretome produced and collected from Olfactory Mucosa Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Olfactory Ensheating Cells was analyzed and therapeutically applied to promote peripheral nerve regeneration. The analysis of the conditioned medium revealed the production and secretion of several factors with immunomodulatory functions, capable of intervening beneficially in the phases of nerve regeneration. Subsequently, the conditioned medium was applied to sciatic nerves of rats after neurotmesis, using Reaxon® as tube-guides. Over 20 weeks, the animals were subjected to periodic functional assessments, and after this period, the sciatic nerves and cranial tibial muscles were evaluated stereologically and histomorphometrically, respectively. The results obtained allowed to confirm the beneficial effects resulting from the application of this therapeutic combination. The administration of conditioned medium from Olfactory Mucosal Mesenchymal Stem Cells led to the best results in motor performance, sensory recovery, and gait patterns. Stereological and histomorphometric evaluation also revealed the ability of this therapeutic combination to promote nervous and muscular histologic reorganization during the regenerative process. The therapeutic combination discussed in this work shows promising results and should be further explored to clarify irregularities found in the outcomes and to allow establishing the use of cell secretome as a new therapeutic field applied in the treatment of peripheral nerves after injury.

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Dai, Qi, Chen Duan, Wenwen Ren, Fangqi Li, Qian Zheng, Li Wang, Wenyan Li et al. "Notch Signaling Regulates Lgr5+ Olfactory Epithelium Progenitor/Stem Cell Turnover and Mediates Recovery of Lesioned Olfactory Epithelium in Mouse Model". STEM CELLS 36, n.º 8 (8 de mayo de 2018): 1259–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/stem.2837.

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Stewart, Romal, Sergei Kozlov, Nicholas Matigian, Gautam Wali, Magtouf Gatei, Ratneswary Sutharsan, Bernadette Bellette et al. "A patient-derived olfactory stem cell disease model for ataxia-telangiectasia". Human Molecular Genetics 22, n.º 12 (7 de marzo de 2013): 2495–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddt101.

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26

Gadye, Levi, Diya Das, Michael A. Sanchez, Kelly Street, Ariane Baudhuin, Allon Wagner, Michael B. Cole et al. "Injury Activates Transient Olfactory Stem Cell States with Diverse Lineage Capacities". Cell Stem Cell 21, n.º 6 (diciembre de 2017): 775–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.stem.2017.10.014.

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27

Woodworth, Claire F., Gregory Jenkins, Jane Barron y Nanette Hache. "Intramedullary cervical spinal mass after stem cell transplantation using an olfactory mucosal cell autograft". Canadian Medical Association Journal 191, n.º 27 (7 de julio de 2019): E761—E764. http://dx.doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.181696.

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28

Guzmán-Uribe, Daniela, Keila Neri Alvarado Estrada, Amaury de Jesús Pozos Guillén, Silvia Martín Pérez y Raúl Rosales Ibáñez. "Development of A Three-Dimensional Tissue Construct from Dental Human Ectomesenchymal Stem Cells: In Vitro and In Vivo Study". Open Dentistry Journal 6, n.º 1 (28 de diciembre de 2012): 226–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874210601206010226.

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Application of regenerative medicine technology provides treatment for patients with several clinical problems, like loss of tissue and its function. The investigation of biological tooth replacement, dental tissue engineering and cell culture, scaffolds and growth factors are considered essential. Currently, studies reported on the making of threedimensional tissue constructs focused on the use of animal cells in the early stages of embryogenesis applied to young biomodels. The purpose of this study was the development and characterization of a three-dimensional tissue construct from human dental cells. The construct was detached, cultured and characterized in mesenchymal and epithelial cells of a human tooth germ of a 12 year old patient. The cells were characterized by specific membrane markers (STRO1, CD44), making a biocomplex using Pura Matrix as a scaffold, and it was incubated for four days and transplanted into 30 adult immunosuppressed male Wistar rats. They were evaluated at 6 days, 10 days and 2 months, obtaining histological sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Cell cultures were positive for specific membrane markers, showing evident deviations in morphology under phase contrast microscope. Differentiation and organization were noted at 10 days, while the constructs at 2 months showed a clear difference in morphology, organization and cell type. It was possible to obtain a three-dimensional tissue construct from human dental ectomesenchymal cells achieving a degree of tissue organization that corresponds to the presence of cellular stratification and extracellular matrix.

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Galeano, Carlos, Zhifang Qiu, Anuja Mishra, Steven L. Farnsworth, Jacob J. Hemmi, Alvaro Moreira, Peter Edenhoffer y Peter J. Hornsby. "The Route by Which Intranasally Delivered Stem Cells Enter the Central Nervous System". Cell Transplantation 27, n.º 3 (marzo de 2018): 501–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963689718754561.

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Intranasal administration is a promising route of delivery of stem cells to the central nervous system (CNS). Reports on this mode of stem cell delivery have not yet focused on the route across the cribriform plate by which cells move from the nasal cavity into the CNS. In the current experiments, human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were isolated from Wharton’s jelly of umbilical cords and were labeled with extremely bright quantum dots (QDs) in order to track the cells efficiently. At 2 h after intranasal delivery in immunodeficient mice, the labeled cells were found under the olfactory epithelium, crossing the cribriform plate adjacent to the fila olfactoria, and associated with the meninges of the olfactory bulb. At all times, the cells were separate from actual nerve tracts; this location is consistent with them being in the subarachnoid space (SAS) and its extensions through the cribriform plate into the nasal mucosa. In their location under the olfactory epithelium, they appear to be within an expansion of a potential space adjacent to the turbinate bone periosteum. Therefore, intranasally administered stem cells appear to cross the olfactory epithelium, enter a space adjacent to the periosteum of the turbinate bones, and then enter the SAS via its extensions adjacent to the fila olfactoria as they cross the cribriform plate. These observations should enhance understanding of the mode by which stem cells can reach the CNS from the nasal cavity and may guide future experiments on making intranasal delivery of stem cells efficient and reproducible.

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Vollrath, Michael y Michael Altmannsberger. "Chemically Induced Esthesioneuroepithelioma: Ultrastructural Findings". Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 98, n.º 4 (abril de 1989): 256–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348948909800404.

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Tumors of the olfactory epithelium of rats were induced with two different nitrosamines: 2,6-dimethylnitrosomorpholine and N-nitrosopiperidine. Both carcinogens yielded identical tumors consisting of small, undifferentiated, neuroblastic cell elements without specialized cell contact. Cell processes contained microtubuli, centrioles, and neurosecretory granules. Two kinds of rosettes were encountered frequently: Neuroblastic Homer Wright rosettes consisted of undifferentiated cells, surrounding a minute lumen filled with amorphous material; and Flexner rosettes showed a higher degree of maturation. Inside their central lumen, cell processes with characteristic features of olfactory sensory cells (basal bodies, cilia, centrioles, microtubuli) could be demonstrated. The stem cell of this tumor is most likely the undifferentiated light basal cell inside the olfactory epithelium, since its ultrastructural appearance and its cytoskeleton are alike. At least under neoplastic conditions, this stem cell may likewise differentiate into epithelial cells, since transition to squamous cell carcinomas has been observed. In view of their overwhelming similarity to their human counterpart, the induced tumors are most likely to represent esthesioneuroepitheliomas.

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Lee, K., W. L. Fodor y Z. Machaty. "55 INFLUENCE OF DONOR CELL TYPE ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF PORCINE NUCLEAR TRANSFER EMBRYOS". Reproduction, Fertility and Development 18, n.º 2 (2006): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv18n2ab55.

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Embryonic development after nuclear transfer is very low; the majority of cloned embryos do not survive the pre-implantation stage. Recent reports indicate that the characteristics of nuclear transfer embryos depend on the type of nuclear donor cells. It has been suggested that development after nuclear transfer improves if less differentiated cells are used as nuclear donors. The aim of the present study was to investigate the developmental potential of nuclear transfer embryos reconstructed using differentiated and non-differentiated cells. Two types of non-differentiated cells, skin stem cells and olfactory bulb progenitor cells, were used; fetal fibroblasts were used as differentiated control. Prior to nuclear transfer, the differentiated state of the cells was characterized by Oct-4 immunocytochemistry (Chemicon International, Inc., Temecula, CA, USA); Oct-4 is known to be expressed by pluripotent cells only. During nuclear transfer, the cells were transferred into the perivitelline space of in vitro-matured enucleated oocytes. After fusion, reconstructed oocytes were activated by an electrical pulse followed by incubation in 10 �g/mL cycloheximide and 5 �g/mL cytochalasin B for 5 h. The embryos were subsequently cultured in NCSU-23 medium for 6 days; their developmental data were recorded and compared by ANOVA. Non-differentiated cell types showed strong Oct-4 expression, whereas the marker protein was completely absent in fetal fibroblast cells. A total of 161 embryos were reconstructed using skin stem cells, 171 embryos from olfactory bulb progenitor cells, and 189 embryos from fibroblasts. Of the skin stem cell-derived embryos, 32.9% cleaved, and during subsequent culture, 5.6% developed to the morula/blastocyst stage. In the olfactory bulb progenitor cell group, 19.8% cleaved, and the percentage of embryos that developed to the morula/blastocyst stage was 4.7%. In the control group, 22.7% cleaved; the morula/blastocyst formation was 2.6%. Embryos reconstructed from skin stem cells showed superior cleavage rate compared to embryos from the other cell types (P < 0.05). Also, morula/blastocyst formation from skin stem cells was significantly higher than that from fetal fibroblasts (P < 0.05), and morula/blastocyst formation from olfactory bulb progenitor cell-derived embryos also tended to be higher compared to control embryos (P = 0.08). Furthermore, the formation of morulae/blastocysts per cleaved embryos was the highest in embryos reconstructed with olfactory bulb progenitor cells (23.5% vs. 17.0% using skin stem cells and 11.6% using fibroblasts) implying that embryos from olfactory bulb progenitor cells may have higher developmental potential in later stages of development. The results demonstrate that nuclei of different donor cells support development to various degrees and confirm previous reports that using non-differentiated cells as nuclear donors increases the efficiency of nuclear transfer in the pig.

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Zhang, Jian, Xin Gao, Hongjun Zou, Jinbo Liu y Zhijian Zhang. "Rat Nasal Respiratory Mucosa-Derived Ectomesenchymal Stem Cells Differentiate into Schwann-Like Cells Promoting the Differentiation of PC12 Cells and Forming MyelinIn Vitro". Stem Cells International 2015 (2015): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/328957.

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Schwann cell (SC) transplantation as a cell-based therapy can enhance peripheral and central nerve repair experimentally, but it is limited by the donor site morbidity for clinical application. We investigated weather respiratory mucosa stem cells (REMSCs), a kind of ectomesenchymal stem cells (EMSCs), isolated from rat nasal septum can differentiate into functional Schwann-like cells (SC-like cells). REMSCs proliferated quicklyin vitroand expressed the neural crest markers (nestin, vimentin, SOX10, and CD44). Treated with a mixture of glial growth factors for 7 days, REMSCs differentiated into SC-like cells. The differentiated REMSCs (dREMSCs) exhibited a spindle-like morphology similar to SC cells. Immunocytochemical staining and Western blotting indicated that SC-like cells expressed the glial markers (GFAP, S100β, Galc, and P75) and CNPase. When cocultured with dREMSCs for 5 days, PC12 cells differentiated into mature neuron-like cells with long neurites. More importantly, dREMSCs could form myelin structures with the neurites of PC12 cells at 21 daysin vitro. Our data indicated that REMSCs, a kind of EMSCs, could differentiate into SC-like cells and have the ability to promote the differentiation of PC12 cells and form myelinin vitro.

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Radtke, C., B. Schmitz, M. Spies, J. Kocsis y P. M. Vogt. "OP26: OLFACTORY ENSHEATHING CELL-LIKE DIFFERENTIATION OF ADIPOSE-DERIVED MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS". Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 124, Supplement (agosto de 2009): 688. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.prs.0000358930.01838.62.

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34

Alvites, Rui D., Mariana V. Branquinho, Ana R. Caseiro, Irina Amorim, Sílvia Santos Pedrosa, Alexandra Rêma, Fátima Faria et al. "Rat Olfactory Mucosa Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells (OM-MSCs): A Characterization Study". International Journal of Cell Biology 2020 (29 de enero de 2020): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/2938258.

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Stem/stromal cell-based therapies are a branch of regenerative medicine and stand as an attractive option to promote the repair of damaged or dysfunctional tissues and organs. Olfactory mucosa mesenchymal stem/stromal cells have been regarded as a promising tool in regenerative therapies because of their several favorable properties such as multipotency, high proliferation rate, helpful location, and few associated ethical issues. These cells are easily accessible in the nasal cavity of most mammals, including the rat, can be easily applied in autologous treatments, and do not cope with most of the obstacles associated with the use of other stem cells. Despite this, its application in preclinical trials and in both human and animal patients is still limited because of the small number of studies performed so far and to the nonexistence of a standard and unambiguous protocol for collection, isolation, and therapeutic application. In the present work a validation of a protocol for isolation, culture, expansion, freezing, and thawing of olfactory mucosa mesenchymal stem/stromal cells was performed, applied to the rat model, as well as a biological characterization of these cells. To investigate the therapeutic potential of OM-MSCs and their eventual safe application in preclinical trials, the main characteristics of OMSC stemness were addressed.

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35

Melrose, James. "Fractone Stem Cell Niche Components Provide Intuitive Clues in the Design of New Therapeutic Procedures/Biomatrices for Neural Repair". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, n.º 9 (5 de mayo de 2022): 5148. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23095148.

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The aim of this study was to illustrate recent developments in neural repair utilizing hyaluronan as a carrier of olfactory bulb stem cells and in new bioscaffolds to promote neural repair. Hyaluronan interacts with brain hyalectan proteoglycans in protective structures around neurons in perineuronal nets, which also have roles in the synaptic plasticity and development of neuronal cognitive properties. Specialist stem cell niches termed fractones located in the sub-ventricular and sub-granular regions of the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus migrate to the olfactory bulb, which acts as a reserve of neuroprogenitor cells in the adult brain. The extracellular matrix associated with the fractone stem cell niche contains hyaluronan, perlecan and laminin α5, which regulate the quiescent recycling of stem cells and also provide a means of escaping to undergo the proliferation and differentiation to a pluripotent migratory progenitor cell type that can participate in repair processes in neural tissues. Significant improvement in the repair of spinal cord injury and brain trauma has been reported using this approach. FGF-2 sequestered by perlecan in the neuroprogenitor niche environment aids in these processes. Therapeutic procedures have been developed using olfactory ensheathing stem cells and hyaluronan as a carrier to promote neural repair processes. Now that recombinant perlecan domain I and domain V are available, strategies may also be expected in the near future using these to further promote neural repair strategies.

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36

Brann, David H., Tatsuya Tsukahara, Caleb Weinreb, Marcela Lipovsek, Koen Van den Berge, Boying Gong, Rebecca Chance et al. "Non-neuronal expression of SARS-CoV-2 entry genes in the olfactory system suggests mechanisms underlying COVID-19-associated anosmia". Science Advances 6, n.º 31 (24 de julio de 2020): eabc5801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abc5801.

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Abstract:Altered olfactory function is a common symptom of COVID-19, but its etiology is unknown. A key question is whether SARS-CoV-2 (CoV-2) – the causal agent in COVID-19 – affects olfaction directly, by infecting olfactory sensory neurons or their targets in the olfactory bulb, or indirectly, through perturbation of supporting cells. Here we identify cell types in the olfactory epithelium and olfactory bulb that express SARS-CoV-2 cell entry molecules. Bulk sequencing demonstrated that mouse, non-human primate and human olfactory mucosa expresses two key genes involved in CoV-2 entry, ACE2 and TMPRSS2. However, single cell sequencing revealed that ACE2 is expressed in support cells, stem cells, and perivascular cells, rather than in neurons. Immunostaining confirmed these results and revealed pervasive expression of ACE2 protein in dorsally-located olfactory epithelial sustentacular cells and olfactory bulb pericytes in the mouse. These findings suggest that CoV-2 infection of non-neuronal cell types leads to anosmia and related disturbances in odor perception in COVID-19 patients.

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37

Beites, Crestina L., Shimako Kawauchi, Candice E. Crocker y Anne L. Calof. "Identification and molecular regulation of neural stem cells in the olfactory epithelium". Experimental Cell Research 306, n.º 2 (junio de 2005): 309–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yexcr.2005.03.027.

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Shi, Wentao, Zhe Wang, Lu Bian, Yiqing Wu, Mei HuiYa, Yanjun Zhou, Zhijian Zhang, Qing Wang, Peng Zhao y Xiaojie Lu. "Periodic Heat Stress Licenses EMSC Differentiation into Osteoblasts via YAP Signaling Pathway Activation". Stem Cells International 2022 (18 de marzo de 2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3715471.

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Background. The repair and regeneration of large bone defects represent highly challenging tasks in bone tissue engineering. Although recent studies have shown that osteogenesis is stimulated by periodic heat stress, the thermal regulation of osteogenic differentiation in ectomesenchymal stem cells (EMSCs) is not well studied. Methods and Results. In this study, the direct effects of periodic heat stress on the differentiation of EMSCs into osteoblasts were investigated. EMSCs derived from rat nasal respiratory mucosa were seeded onto culture plates, followed by 1 h of heat stress at 41°C every 7 days during osteogenic differentiation. Based on the results of the present study, periodic heating increases alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, upregulates osteogenic-related proteins, and promotes EMSC mineralization. In particular, increased YAP nuclear translocation and YAP knockdown inhibited osteogenic differentiation induced by heat stress. Furthermore, the expression and activity of transglutaminase 2 (TG2) were significantly increased after YAP nuclear translocation. Conclusion. Together, these results indicate that YAP plays a key role in regulating cellular proteostasis under stressful cellular conditions by modulating the TG2 response.

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39

Poncelet, Guillaume y Sebastian M. Shimeld. "The evolutionary origins of the vertebrate olfactory system". Open Biology 10, n.º 12 (diciembre de 2020): 200330. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsob.200330.

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Vertebrates develop an olfactory system that detects odorants and pheromones through their interaction with specialized cell surface receptors on olfactory sensory neurons. During development, the olfactory system forms from the olfactory placodes, specialized areas of the anterior ectoderm that share cellular and molecular properties with placodes involved in the development of other cranial senses. The early-diverging chordate lineages amphioxus, tunicates, lampreys and hagfishes give insight into how this system evolved. Here, we review olfactory system development and cell types in these lineages alongside chemosensory receptor gene evolution, integrating these data into a description of how the vertebrate olfactory system evolved. Some olfactory system cell types predate the vertebrates, as do some of the mechanisms specifying placodes, and it is likely these two were already connected in the common ancestor of vertebrates and tunicates. In stem vertebrates, this evolved into an organ system integrating additional tissues and morphogenetic processes defining distinct olfactory and adenohypophyseal components, followed by splitting of the ancestral placode to produce the characteristic paired olfactory organs of most modern vertebrates.

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40

Tomé, Mercedes, Susan L. Lindsay, John S. Riddell y Susan C. Barnett. "Identification of Nonepithelial Multipotent Cells in the Embryonic Olfactory Mucosa". STEM CELLS 27, n.º 9 (21 de mayo de 2009): 2196–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/stem.130.

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41

Kawabori, Masahito, Hideo Shichinohe, Satoshi Kuroda y Kiyohiro Houkin. "Clinical Trials of Stem Cell Therapy for Cerebral Ischemic Stroke". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, n.º 19 (6 de octubre de 2020): 7380. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21197380.

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Despite recent developments in innovative treatment strategies, stroke remains one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Stem cell therapy is currently attracting much attention due to its potential for exerting significant therapeutic effects on stroke patients. Various types of cells, including bone marrow mononuclear cells, bone marrow/adipose-derived stem/stromal cells, umbilical cord blood cells, neural stem cells, and olfactory ensheathing cells have enhanced neurological outcomes in animal stroke models. These stem cells have also been tested via clinical trials involving stroke patients. In this article, the authors review potential molecular mechanisms underlying neural recovery associated with stem cell treatment, as well as recent advances in stem cell therapy, with particular reference to clinical trials and future prospects for such therapy in treating stroke.

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42

Tian, Jie, Qiugang Zhu, Ke Rui, Liwei Lu y Shengjun Wang. "Mesenchymal stem cells derived exosomes promote the expansion of Bregs and alleviate the collagen-induced arthritis". Journal of Immunology 204, n.º 1_Supplement (1 de mayo de 2020): 237.19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.204.supp.237.19.

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Abstract Olfactory ecto-mesenchymal stem cells (OE-MSCs) are a population of cells which has been recognized as a novel resident stem cell type in the olfactory lamina propria. OE-MSCs have been shown to exert their immunosuppressive capacity by modulating T cell responses. However, it remains unclear whether OE-MSCs possess any immunoregulatory functions on regulatory B cells (Bregs). Exosomes are secreted nanosized membrane vesicles that are increasingly implicated as an important communication tool among various cell types. In this study, exosomes derived from olfactory ecto-mesenchymal stem cells (OE-MSCs-Exo) effectively enhanced the proportions of CD19+IL-10+ Bregs in the spleen and draining lymph nodes, thus suppressing the development of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). In culture, OE-MSCs-Exo could significantly promote the differentiation and expansion of CD19+IL-10+ Bregs, and the further investigation demonstrated that the expansion of Bregs was orchestrated by Ebi3 secreted by exosomes. Taken together, OE-MSCs-Exo have the potential to alleviate the severity of CIA through inducing Bregs, indicating OE-MSCs-Exo may represent a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.

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43

Rustenhoven, Justin y Jonathan Kipnis. "Smelling Danger: Olfactory Stem Cells Control Immune Defense during Chronic Inflammation". Cell Stem Cell 25, n.º 4 (octubre de 2019): 449–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.stem.2019.09.006.

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44

Marei, Hany E., Zeinab Shouman, Asma Althani, Nahla Afifi, Abd-Elmaksoud A, Samah Lashen, Anwarul Hasan et al. "Differentiation of human olfactory bulb-derived neural stem cells toward oligodendrocyte". Journal of Cellular Physiology 233, n.º 2 (22 de junio de 2017): 1321–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.26008.

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45

Alizadeh, Rafieh, Farnaz Ramezanpour, Amirhossein Mohammadi, Mina Eftekharzadeh, Sara Simorgh, Milad Kazemiha y Fatemeh Moradi. "Differentiation of human olfactory system‐derived stem cells into dopaminergic neuron‐like cells: A comparison between olfactory bulb and mucosa as two sources of stem cells". Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 120, n.º 12 (11 de julio de 2019): 19712–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.29277.

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46

Herrick, Daniel B., Brian Lin, Jesse Peterson, Nikolai Schnittke y James E. Schwob. "Notch1 maintains dormancy of olfactory horizontal basal cells, a reserve neural stem cell". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, n.º 28 (21 de junio de 2017): E5589—E5598. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1701333114.

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The remarkable capacity of the adult olfactory epithelium (OE) to regenerate fully both neurosensory and nonneuronal cell types after severe epithelial injury depends on life-long persistence of two stem cell populations: the horizontal basal cells (HBCs), which are quiescent and held in reserve, and mitotically active globose basal cells. It has recently been demonstrated that down-regulation of the ΔN form of the transcription factor p63 is both necessary and sufficient to release HBCs from dormancy. However, the mechanisms by which p63 is down-regulated after acute OE injury remain unknown. To identify the cellular source of potential signaling mechanisms, we assessed HBC activation after neuron-only and sustentacular cell death. We found that ablation of sustentacular cells is sufficient for HBC activation to multipotency. By expression analysis, next-generation sequencing, and immunohistochemical examination, down-regulation of Notch pathway signaling is coincident with HBC activation. Therefore, using HBC-specific conditional knockout of Notch receptors and overexpression of N1ICD, we show that Notch signaling maintains p63 levels and HBC dormancy, in contrast to its suppression of p63 expression in other tissues. Additionally, Notch1, but not Notch2, is required to maintain HBC dormancy after selective neuronal degeneration. Taken together, our data indicate that the activation of HBCs observed after tissue injury or sustentacular cell ablation is caused by the reduction/elimination of Notch signaling on HBCs; elimination of Jagged1 expressed by sustentacular cells may be the ligand responsible.

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47

Xu, Ya-ping, Xiao-dong Shan, Yue-yang Liu, Yu Pu, Cheng-yu Wang, Qi-lei Tao, Yue Deng, Yin Cheng y Jing-ping Fan. "Olfactory epithelium neural stem cell implantation restores noise-induced hearing loss in rats". Neuroscience Letters 616 (marzo de 2016): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2016.01.016.

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48

Campbell, Sarah L., Alan Mackay-Sim, David Veivers y Carolyn M. Sue. "308: Olfactory stem cells can be used as cell model for neurological disease". Journal of Clinical Neuroscience 14, n.º 10 (octubre de 2007): 1010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jocn.2007.02.014.

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Yue, Yili, Qian Xue, Jiping Yang, Xiaoji Li, Zhikuan Mi, Guangchen Zhao y Li Zhang. "Wnt-activated olfactory ensheathing cells stimulate neural stem cell proliferation and neuronal differentiation". Brain Research 1735 (mayo de 2020): 146726. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2020.146726.

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50

Choi, Rhea y Bradley J. Goldstein. "Olfactory epithelium: Cells, clinical disorders, and insights from an adult stem cell niche". Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology 3, n.º 1 (febrero de 2018): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lio2.135.

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