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Literatura académica sobre el tema "Ocean interior"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 25 de mayo de 2024

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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Ocean interior"

Rigby, Frances E. y Nikku Madhusudhan. "On the ocean conditions of Hycean worlds". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 529, n.º 1 (27 de febrero de 2024): 409–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae413.

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ABSTRACT Recent studies have suggested the possibility of Hycean worlds, characterized by deep liquid water oceans beneath H2-rich atmospheres. These planets significantly widen the range of planetary properties over which habitable conditions could exist. We conduct internal structure modelling of Hycean worlds to investigate the range of interior compositions, ocean depths and atmospheric mass fractions possible. Our investigation explicitly considers habitable oceans, where the surface conditions are limited to those that can support potential life. The ocean depths depend on the surface gravity and temperature, confirming previous studies, and span 10s to ∼1000 km for Hycean conditions, reaching ocean base pressures up to ∼6 × 104 bar before transitioning to high-pressure ice. We explore in detail test cases of five Hycean candidates, placing constraints on their possible ocean depths and interior compositions based on their bulk properties. We report limits on their atmospheric mass fractions admissible for Hycean conditions, as well as those allowed for other possible interior compositions. For the Hycean conditions considered, across these candidates we find the admissible mass fractions of the H/He envelopes to be ≲10−3. At the other extreme, the maximum H/He mass fractions allowed for these planets can be up to ∼4–8 per cent, representing purely rocky interiors with no H2O layer. These results highlight the diverse conditions possible among these planets and demonstrate their potential to host habitable conditions under vastly different circumstances to the Earth. Upcoming JWST observations of candidate Hycean worlds will allow for improved constraints on the nature of their atmospheres and interiors.

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DeVries, Tim y François Primeau. "Dynamically and Observationally Constrained Estimates of Water-Mass Distributions and Ages in the Global Ocean". Journal of Physical Oceanography 41, n.º 12 (1 de diciembre de 2011): 2381–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-10-05011.1.

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Abstract A data-constrained ocean circulation model is used to characterize the distribution of water masses and their ages in the global ocean. The model is constrained by the time-averaged temperature, salinity, and radiocarbon distributions in the ocean, as well as independent estimates of the mean sea surface height and sea surface heat and freshwater fluxes. The data-constrained model suggests that the interior ocean is ventilated primarily by water masses forming in the Southern Ocean. Southern Ocean waters, including those waters forming in the Antarctic and subantarctic regions, make up about 55% of the interior ocean volume and an even larger percentage of the deep-ocean volume. In the deep North Pacific, the ratio of Southern Ocean to North Atlantic waters is almost 3:1. Approximately 65% of interior ocean waters make first contact with the atmosphere in the Southern Ocean, further emphasizing the central role played by the Southern Ocean in the regulation of the earth’s climate. Results of the age analysis suggest that the mean ventilation age of deep waters is greater than 1000 yr throughout most of the Indian and Pacific Oceans, reaching a maximum of about 1400–1500 yr in the middepth North Pacific. The mean time for deep waters to be reexposed at the surface also reaches a maximum of about 1400–1500 yr in the deep North Pacific. Together these findings suggest that the deep North Pacific can be characterized as a “holding pen” of stagnant and recirculating waters.

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Biersteker, John B., Benjamin P. Weiss, Corey J. Cochrane, Camilla D. K. Harris, Xianzhe Jia, Krishan K. Khurana, Jiang Liu, Neil Murphy y Carol A. Raymond. "Revealing the Interior Structure of Icy Moons with a Bayesian Approach to Magnetic Induction Measurements". Planetary Science Journal 4, n.º 4 (1 de abril de 2023): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/psj/acc331.

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Abstract Some icy moons and small bodies in the solar system are believed to host subsurface liquid water oceans. The interaction of these saline, electrically conductive oceans with time-varying external magnetic fields generates induced magnetic fields. Magnetometry observations of these induced fields in turn enable the detection and characterization of these oceans. We present a framework for characterizing the interiors of icy moons using multifrequency induction and Bayesian inference applied to magnetometry measurements anticipated from the upcoming Europa Clipper mission. Using simulated data from the Europa Clipper Magnetometer, our approach can accurately retrieve a wide range of plausible internal structures for Europa. In particular, the ocean conductivity is recovered to within ±50% for all internal structure scenarios considered, and the ocean thickness can be retrieved to within ±25 km for five out of seven scenarios. Characterization of the ice shell thickness to ±50% is possible for six of seven scenarios. Our recovery of the ice shell thickness is highly contingent on accurate modeling of magnetic fields arising from the interaction of Europa with the ambient magnetospheric plasma, while the ocean thickness is more modestly affected and the ocean conductivity retrieval is largely unchanged. Furthermore, we find that the addition of a priori constraints (e.g., static gravity measurements) can yield improved ocean characterization compared to magnetometry alone, suggesting that multi-instrument techniques can play a key role in revealing the interiors of Europa and other ocean worlds.

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Dong, Shenfu, Silvia Garzoli y Molly Baringer. "The Role of Interocean Exchanges on Decadal Variations of the Meridional Heat Transport in the South Atlantic". Journal of Physical Oceanography 41, n.º 8 (1 de agosto de 2011): 1498–511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2011jpo4549.1.

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Abstract The interocean exchange of water from the South Atlantic with the Pacific and Indian Oceans is examined using the output from the ocean general circulation model for the Earth Simulator (OFES) during the period 1980–2006. The main objective of this paper is to investigate the role of the interocean exchanges in the variability of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) and its associated meridional heat transport (MHT) in the South Atlantic. The meridional heat transport from OFES shows a similar response to AMOC variations to that derived from observations: a 1 Sv (1 Sv ≡ 106 m3 s−1) increase in the AMOC strength would cause a 0.054 ± 0.003 PW increase in MHT at approximately 34°S. The main feature in the AMOC and MHT across 34°S is their increasing trends during the period 1980–93. Separating the transports into boundary currents and ocean interior regions indicates that the increase in transport comes from the ocean interior region, suggesting that it is important to monitor the ocean interior region to capture changes in the AMOC and MHT on decadal to longer time scales. The linear increase in the MHT from 1980 to 1993 is due to the increase in advective heat converged into the South Atlantic from the Pacific and Indian Oceans. Of the total increase in the heat convergence, about two-thirds is contributed by the Indian Ocean through the Agulhas Current system, suggesting that the warm-water route from the Indian Ocean plays a more important role in the northward-flowing water in the upper branch of the AMOC at 34°S during the study period.

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Siegelman, Lia. "Energetic Submesoscale Dynamics in the Ocean Interior". Journal of Physical Oceanography 50, n.º 3 (marzo de 2020): 727–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-19-0253.1.

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AbstractSubmesoscale ocean processes, characterized by order-1 Rossby and Richardson numbers, are currently thought to be mainly confined to the ocean surface mixed layer, whereas the ocean interior is commonly assumed to be in quasigeostrophic equilibrium. Here, a realistic numerical simulation in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, with a 1/48° horizontal resolution and tidal forcing, is used to demonstrate that the ocean interior departs from the quasigeostrophic regime down to depths of 900 m, that is, well below the mixed layer. Results highlight that, contrary to the classical paradigm, the ocean interior is strongly ageostrophic, with a pronounced cyclone–anticyclone asymmetry and a dominance of frontogenesis over frontolysis. Numerous vortices and filaments, from the surface down to 900 m, are characterized by large Rossby and low Richardson numbers, strong lateral gradients of buoyancy, and vigorous ageostrophic frontogenesis. These deep submesoscales fronts are only weakly affected by internal gravity waves and drive intense upward vertical heat fluxes, consistent with recent observations in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and the Gulf Stream. As such, deep submesoscale fronts are an efficient pathway for the transport of heat from the ocean interior to the surface, suggesting the presence of an intensified oceanic restratification at depth.

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Yang, Xiaoting y Eli Tziperman. "The Vertical Middepth Ocean Density Profile: An Interplay between Southern Ocean Dynamics and Interior Vertical Diffusivity". Journal of Physical Oceanography 52, n.º 10 (octubre de 2022): 2479–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-21-0188.1.

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Abstract The middepth ocean temperature profile was found by Munk in 1966 to agree with an exponential profile and shown to be consistent with a vertical advective–diffusive balance. However, tracer release experiments show that vertical diffusivity in the middepth ocean is an order of magnitude too small to explain the observed 1-km exponential scale. Alternative mechanisms suggested that nearly all middepth water upwells adiabatically in the Southern Ocean (SO). In this picture, SO eddies and wind set SO isopycnal slopes and therefore determine a nonvanishing middepth interior stratification even in the adiabatic limit. The effect of SO eddies on SO isopycnal slopes can be understood via either a marginal criticality condition or a near-vanishing SO residual deep overturning condition in the adiabatic limit. We examine the interplay between SO dynamics and interior mixing in setting the exponential profiles of σ2 and ∂zσ2. We use eddy-permitting numerical simulations, in which we artificially change the diapycnal mixing only away from the SO. We find that SO isopycnal slopes change in response to changes in the interior diapycnal mixing even when the wind forcing is constant, consistent with previous studies (that did not address these near-exponential profiles). However, in the limit of small interior mixing, the interior ∂zσ2 profile is not exponential, suggesting that SO processes alone, in an adiabatic limit, do not lead to the observed near-exponential structures of such profiles. The results suggest that while SO wind and eddies contribute to the nonvanishing middepth interior stratification, the exponential shape of the ∂zσ2 profiles must also involve interior diapycnal mixing.

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Bower, Dan J., Kaustubh Hakim, Paolo A. Sossi y Patrick Sanan. "Retention of Water in Terrestrial Magma Oceans and Carbon-rich Early Atmospheres". Planetary Science Journal 3, n.º 4 (1 de abril de 2022): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/psj/ac5fb1.

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Abstract Massive steam and CO2 atmospheres have been proposed for magma ocean outgassing of Earth and terrestrial planets. Yet formation of such atmospheres depends on volatile exchange with the molten interior, governed by volatile solubilities and redox reactions. We determine the evolution of magma ocean–atmosphere systems for a range of oxygen fugacities, C/H ratios, and hydrogen budgets that include redox reactions for hydrogen (H2–H2O), carbon (CO–CO2), methane (CH4), and solubility laws for H2O and CO2. We find that small initial budgets of hydrogen, high C/H ratios, and oxidizing conditions suppress outgassing of hydrogen until the late stage of magma ocean crystallization. Hence, early atmospheres in equilibrium with magma oceans are dominantly carbon-rich, and specifically CO-rich except at the most oxidizing conditions. The high solubility of H2O limits its outgassing to melt fractions below ∼30%, the fraction at which the mantle transitions from vigorous to sluggish convection with melt percolation. Sluggish melt percolation could enable a surface lid to form, trapping water in the interior and thereby maintaining a carbon-rich atmosphere (equilibrium crystallization). Alternatively, efficient crystal settling could maintain a molten surface, promoting a transition to a water-rich atmosphere (fractional crystallization). However, additional processes, including melt trapping and H dissolution in crystallizing minerals, further conspire to limit the extent of H outgassing, even for fractional crystallization. Hence, much of the water delivered to planets during their accretion can be safely harbored in their interiors during the magma ocean stage, particularly at oxidizing conditions.

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Blanke, Bruno, Sabrina Speich, Gurvan Madec y Rudy Maugé. "A global diagnostic of interior ocean ventilation". Geophysical Research Letters 29, n.º 8 (abril de 2002): 108–1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2001gl013727.

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Rutberg, Randye L. y Synte L. Peacock. "High-latitude forcing of interior ocean δ13C". Paleoceanography 21, n.º 2 (17 de mayo de 2006): n/a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005pa001226.

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Tesis sobre el tema "Ocean interior"

Wilson, Jamie. "Constraining marine carbon fluxes in the ocean interior". Thesis, Cardiff University, 2015. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/74714/.

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The uptake of dissolved CO2 by phytoplankton in the surface ocean and its delivery to the deep ocean via the remineralisation of sinking particles, the biological pump, is an important control on the exchange of CO2 between the ocean and the atmosphere. Ocean biogeochemical models suggest that atmospheric CO2 is sensitive to changes in the depth at which the majority of particles have been remineralised in the ocean interior. However, the key mechanisms involved are not well understood. The function of the biological pump in the past and future is a large uncertainty for the carbon cycle. This thesis uses observations and modelling to further constrain our mechanistic understanding of the biological pump. Geographically Weighted Regression is applied to an updated sediment trap dataset to explore the spatial variability in statistical relationships between organic matter and CaCO3 that are the basis for the ballast hypothesis. No uniform strong relationship at smaller spatial scales and patterns consistent with surface biogeochemistry suggests ecosystem processes may be important. In response to the limited sampling of particulate uxes analysis explored whether annual average uxes could be estimated from a PO4 climatology using modelled ocean transport rates in the form of a transport matrix. The Earth System Model GENIE was used to create a synthetic dataset to test this approach, �nding signi�cant sources of uncertainty from errors in the observations, the use of modelled transport rates and the assumption that remineralisation is from particles only. The transport matrix formed a basis for a steady-state phosphorus-only model used to �nd optimal solutions of spatially varying remineralisation using a 600 member Latin Hypercube ensemble and observed [PO4]. Modelled [PO4] was predominantly sensitive to global mean remineralisation depths although some spatial variability could be constrained. This has implications for using nutrient distributions to validate mechanistic parameterisations in models.

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Cavan, Emma. "Sink or swim : the fate of particulate organic carbon in the interior ocean". Thesis, University of Southampton, 2016. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/401166/.

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Without small oceanic organisms atmospheric CO2 levels would be about 200 ppm higher than they are today; phytoplankton convert dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) to particulate organic carbon (POC) during photosynthesis, influencing the air-sea exchange of CO2. Eventually some of this POC is exported out of the upper ocean, often as either phytodetrital aggregates or zooplankton faecal pellets. Because of the complexity of this biological carbon pump (BCP), the fate of the exported POC in the mesopelagic zone is difficult to predict. To make things more complex all of these processes vary temporally and spatially. Marine snow catchers (MSCs) were used to analyse fast and slow sinking particles separately, which is a unique approach as slow sinking POC fluxes are not often quantified. To investigate what controls the fate of particles in the upper mesopelagic zone (50 - 500 m) particles were collected from three contrasting oceanic regions: the Southern Ocean (SO), Equatorial Tropical North Pacific (ETNP) oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) and the temperate North Atlantic. In all sampling areas the slow sinking POC flux was as large if not larger than the fast sinking POC flux. This emphasises the importance of slow sinking particles in the upper mesopelagic zone. The main outcome from this thesis is the importance of the role of zooplankton in BCP processes. For instance the efficiency which particles were exported from the mixed layer varied inversely with primary production in the SO, and was likely due to the zooplankton grazing down the phytoplankton. When extending the data to include the ETNP and the North Atlantic this relationship still held, conflicting the long-standing theory that as primary production increases export efficiency increases. In the ETNP oxygen minimum zone a high proportion of exported POC sank through the mesopelagic zone. Microbial oxygen uptake incubations showed for the first time that fast sinking particles are turned over significantly slower than slow sinking particles (0.13 d?1 and 5 d?1 respectively). Microbial degradation of POC could explain most of the fast sinking POC attenuation with depth, with the remainder lost due to abiotic fragmentation. Therefore it is likely that zooplankton degradation of particles is reduced in OMZs as their abundance and metabolism are lowered. This reduces the overall remineralistion of POC, hence a higher fraction of POC is transferred to depth in OMZs. Phytoplankton lipid biomarkers dominated lipid particle composition throughout the upper mesopelagic zone in the ETNP, further emphasising the minor role of zooplankton in OMZs. Comparing the observations with an ecosystem model output at all three oceanic sites further emphasised the importance of zooplankton in the BCP. The model poorly parameterises zooplankton processing of particles and thus the observations and model matched best in the ETNP, where zooplankton processing of particles is naturally low. Changes in climate will effect the abundance and distribution of these small organisms. Further understanding of how zooplankton community structure and metabolism may change in the future will be important to predict how atmosphericCO2 levels may change.

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Siegelman, Lia. "Ageostrophic dynamics in the ocean interior A correction for the thermal mass–induced errors of CTD tags mounted on marine mammals, in the Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 35 (6), June 2018 Submesoscale ocean fronts act as biological hotspot for southern elephant seal, in Scientific Reports 9, 2019 Ocean‐scale interactions from space, in Earth and Space Science 6(5), May 2019 Correction and accuracy of high- and low-resolution CTD data from animal-borne instruments, in the Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 36 (5), May 2019 Diagnosing ocean‐wave‐turbulence interactions from space, in Geophysical Research Letters 46(15), August 2019 Sub‐mesoscale fronts modify elephant seals foraging behavior, in Limnology and Oceanography Letters, 4(6), December 2019". Thesis, Brest, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BRES0094.

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L'océan est le plus grand réservoir d'énergie solaire de notre planète. La quantité de chaleur qu'il est capable de stocker est modulée par sa circulation complexe, opérant sur une vaste gamme d’échelles allant du centimètre à la dizaine de milliers de kilomètres. Cette thèse s'intéresse à deux types de processus océaniques: les tourbillons de mésoéchelle, d'une taille de 100 à 300 km, et les fronts de sous-mésoéchelle, d'une taille inférieure à 50 km. L'idée communément admise est que les mouvements agéostrophiques de sous-mésoéchelle sont principalement confinés à la couche de mélange océanique de surface et sont faibles dans l'océan intérieur. Cette vision classique de la dynamique océanique repose sur l'hypothèse que l'océan intérieur est en équilibre quasi-géostrophique, empêchant la formation de forts gradients de densité en profondeur. Cette thèse remet en question ce paradigme en se basant sur des observations CTD in situ à haute résolution collectées par des éléphants de mer instrumentés, des images satellite d’élévation de la surface de l’océan, et des sorties de modèle à haute résolution dans le Courant Circumpolaire Antarctique.Les résultats indiquent que les mouvements agéostrophiques sont (i) générés par le champ tourbillonnaire de mésoéchelle via des processus defrontogenèse, et (ii) ne sont pas limités à la couche de mélange de surface ; bien au contraire, ils pénètrent dans l'océan intérieur jusqu'à 1000 m deprofondeur. Ces fronts agéostrophiques de sous-mésoéchelle sont associés à d'importants flux de chaleur dirigés de l'intérieur de l'océan vers la surface, d'une amplitude comparable aux flux air-mer.Cet effet peut potentiellement altérer la capacité de stockage de chaleur de l'océan et devrait être le plus fort dans les zones tourbillonnaires telles que le Courant Circumpolaire Antarctique, le Kuroshio et le Gulf Stream, les trois courants clefs du système climatique. Il apparaît ainsi que les fronts agéostrophiques de sous-mésoéchelle représentent une voie importante, mais encore largement méconnue, pour le transport de chaleur, de nutriments et de gaz entre l'intérieur et la surface de l'océan, avec des répercussions potentiellement majeures pour les systèmes biogéochimique et climatique
The ocean is the largest solar energy collector on Earth. The amount of heat it can store is modulated by its complex circulation, which spans a broad range of spatial scales, from centimeters to thousands of kilometers. This dissertation investigates two types of physical processes: mesoscale eddies (100-300 km size) and submesoscale fronts (£ 50 km size). To date, ageostrophic submesoscale motions are thought to be mainly trapped within the ocean surface mixed layer, and to be weak in the ocean interior. This is because, in the classical paradigm, motions below the mixed layer are broadly assumed to be in quasigeostrophic balance, preventing the formation of strong buoyancy gradients at depth. This dissertation introduces a paradigm shift; based on a combination of high-resolution in situ CTD data collected by instrumented elephant seals, satellite observations of sea surface height, and high-resolution model outputs in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, we show that ageostrophic motions (i) are generated by the backgound mesoscale eddy field via frontogenesis processes, and (ii) are not solely confined to the ocean surface mixed layer but, rather, can extend in the ocean interior down to depths of 1 000 m. Deepreaching ageostrophic fronts are shown to drive an anomalous upward heat transport from the ocean interior back to the surface that is larger than other contributions to vertical heat transport and of comparable magnitude to air-sea fluxes. This effect can potentially alter oceanic heat uptake and will be strongest in eddy-rich regions such as the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, the Kuroshio Extension, and the Gulf Stream, all of which are key players in the climate system. As such, ageostrophic fronts at submesoscale provide an important, yet unexplored, pathway for the transport of heat, chemical and biological tracers, between the ocean interior and the surface, with potential major implications for the biogeochemical and climate systems

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Freund, Madeleine [Verfasser], Martin [Akademischer Betreuer] Visbeck y Andreas [Gutachter] Oschlies. "Dispersion of a Tracer in the Eastern Tropical South Pacific - an Investigation of Interactions from the Benthic Boundary Layer to the Ocean Interior - / Madeleine Freund ; Gutachter: Andreas Oschlies ; Betreuer: Martin Visbeck". Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1210052229/34.

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Silvy, Yona. "Emergence des changements de température et de salinité dans l’océan intérieur en réponse au changement climatique : échelles de temps et mécanismes". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022SORUS124.

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Le changement climatique d’origine humaine impacte déjà toutes les régions habitées de la planète. 90% de l’excès de chaleur associé aux activités humaines a été absorbé par l’océan depuis les années 1970, atténuant en grande partie le réchauffement atmosphérique, mais impactant fortement les sociétés humaines et la vie marine. Dans cette thèse, j’explore à l’aide d’ensembles de modèles de climat et de simulations numériques dédiées, où et quand les changements de température et de salinité dans l’océan intérieur deviennent assez grands pour être différenciés de la variabilité interne, ainsi que les mécanismes physiques associés. Nous trouvons ainsi que le signal climatique dans les masses d’eau de l’océan supérieur émerge entre la fin du XXème et les premières décennies du XXIème siècle. Les eaux modales des moyennes latitudes de l’hémisphère Sud émergent plus tôt que leurs homologues de l’hémisphère Nord. Le réchauffement associé à ces échelles de temps est principalement du à une absorption de chaleur transportée passivement dans l’océan intérieur. Dans les profondeurs de l’océan, les changements de circulation jouent un rôle plus important aux échelles de temps d’émergence du signal climatique. Le gain de flottabilité en surface dans les régions subpolaires provoque un ralentissement de la circulation méridienne de retournement. Cela réchauffe les eaux intérieures et abyssales de l’Océan Austral dès le milieu du XXème, venant s’ajouter au faible transport passif de chaleur, alors que cela le contre dans les profondeurs de l’Atlantique Nord et retarde l’émergence. Bien que les modèles de climat passent à côté de certains aspects importants de la réponse océanique au changement climatique, ils permettent d’apporter des éléments sur l’équilibre de processus en jeu, et suggèrent que l’influence humaine impacte déjà de grandes parties de l’océan
Human-induced climate change is already affecting every inhabited region of the planet. Yet, over 90% of the excess heat associated with human activities has been absorbed by the ocean since the 1970s, which acts to largely damp atmospheric warming, but has large impacts on human societies and marine life. In this thesis, I explore when and where thermohaline changes in the ocean interior become large enough to be unambiguously set apart from internal variability and investigate their associated physical drivers, using ensembles of climate models and dedicated numerical experiments. We find that the climate signal in the upper ocean water-masses emerges between the late 20th century and the first decades of the 21st. The Southern Hemisphere mid-latitude Mode Waters emerge before their Northern Hemisphere counterparts. The associated warming at these timescales is mostly caused by the uptake of heat from the atmosphere, passively transported into the ocean interior. In the deeper parts of the ocean, circulation changes play a more important role in the emergence timescales of the climate signals. Increased buoyancy gain at the surface in the subpolar areas cause a slowdown in the meridional overturning circulation. This warms the subsurface and abyssal waters in the Southern Ocean as soon as the mid-20th century, adding up to the weaker passive uptake of heat, but counteracts it in the deep North Atlantic over the 21st, delaying the emergence. Although climate models miss some important aspects of the ocean response to climate change, they allow to shed light on the balance of processes at play, and suggest anthropogenic influence has already spread to large parts of the ocean

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Rossi, Tristan. "Contribution à l'étude géologique de la frontière Sud-Est de la plaque Caraïbes : La Serrania Del Interior Oriental (Venezuela) sur le transect Cariaco-Maturin : Synthèses paléogéographique et géodynamique". Brest, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985BRES0001.

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Une etude de terrain detaillee sur le transect cariaco-maturin a permis de dresser des cartes de repartition de facies mettant en evidence deux organisations successives et completement differentes : - du neocomien (. ) - barremien a la base du miocene inferieur, le dispositif paleogeographique est celui d'une marge passive (caracterisee par un tres vaste domaine de plate-forme) ouverte vers l'ocean au nord et au nord-est (ocean tethysien puis atlantique). La sedimentation enregistre differentes variations eustatiques et mouvements verticaux epirogeniques mais pas de transformation majeure. - du miocene inferieur a l'actuel, la tectonisation de la bordure septentrionale de ce domaine aboutit a la formation d'un bassin interieur ouvert sur l'ocean atlantique vers l'est et le nord-est. Il sera progressivement comble et repousse vers l'est. L'analyse tectonique detaillee du transect a partir de donnees de surface de sub-surface, a permis de definir le style structural (importance des chevauchements), de preciser la nature et l'histoire des grands accidents tels les failles de caripe, de san francisco, de pirital et de rio grande, et de mettre en evidence l'importance des phenomenes de tectonique gravitaire (collapse-structures).

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Komacek, Thaddeus D. y Dorian S. Abbot. "EFFECT OF SURFACE-MANTLE WATER EXCHANGE PARAMETERIZATIONS ON EXOPLANET OCEAN DEPTHS". IOP PUBLISHING LTD, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622455.

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Terrestrial exoplanets in the canonical habitable zone may have a variety of initial water fractions due to random volatile delivery by planetesimals. If the total planetary water complement is high, the entire surface may be covered in water, forming a "waterworld." On a planet with active tectonics, competing mechanisms act to regulate the abundance of water on the surface by determining the partitioning of water between interior and surface. Here we explore how the incorporation of different mechanisms for the degassing and regassing of water changes the volatile evolution of a planet. For all of the models considered, volatile cycling reaches an approximate steady state after similar to 2 Gyr. Using these steady. states, we find that if volatile cycling is either solely dependent on temperature or seafloor pressure, exoplanets require a high abundance (greater than or similar to 0.3% of total mass) of water to have fully inundated surfaces. However, if degassing is more dependent on seafloor pressure and regassing mainly dependent on mantle temperature, the degassing rate is relatively large at late times and a steady. state between degassing and regassing is reached with a substantial surface water fraction. If this hybrid model is physical, super-Earths with a total water fraction similar to that of the Earth can become waterworlds. As a result, further understanding of the processes that drive volatile cycling on terrestrial planets is needed to determine the water fraction at which they are likely to become waterworlds.

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Potie, Gilbert. "Contribution à l'étude géologique de la frontière SE de la plaque caraibe : la serrania del interior oriental sur le transect Cumana-Urica et le bassin de Maturin (Vénézuela) : application de données géophysiques et géologiques à une interpretation structurale". Brest, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BRES2005.

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L'analyse des donnees stratigraphiques et structurales de la serrania del interior confirme l'existence de 2 cycles sedimentaires cretace moyen-miocene. L'interpretation des profils sismique montre que la partie enfouie de l'edifice est structuree par des accidents suggerant la presence d'un decollement. L'interpretation gravimetrique et aeromagnetique confirme que la serrania est un exemple de chaine d'avant pays decollee et mise en place dans un contexte particulier associant une composante principale en coulissage dextre avec une collision oblique

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Krawczynski, Michael James. "Experimental studies of melting and crystallization processes in planetary interiors". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/69467.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Joint Program in Oceanography/Applied Ocean Science and Engineering (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences; and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution), 2011.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 191-202).
Melting and crystallization processes on the Earth and Moon are explored in this thesis, and the topics of melt generation, transport, and crystallization are discussed in three distinct geologic environments: the Moon's mantle, the Greenland ice sheet, and the Earth's crust. Experiments have been conducted to determine the conditions of origin for two high-titanium magmas from the Moon. The lunar experiments (Chapter 2) were designed to explore the effects of variable oxygen fugacity (fo₂) on the high pressure and high temperature crystallization of olivine and orthopyroxene in high-Ti magmas. The results of these experiments showed that the source regions for the high-Ti lunar magmas are distributed both laterally and vertically within the lunar mantle, and that it is critical to estimate the pre-eruptive oxygen fugacity in order to determine true depth of origin for these magmas within the lunar mantle. Chapter 3 models the behavior of water flow through the Greenland ice sheet driven by hydrofracture of water through ice. The results show that melt water in the ablation zone of Greenland has almost immediate access to the base of the ice sheet in areas with up two kilometers of ice. Chapter 4 is an experimental study of two hydrous high-silica mantle melts from the Mt. Shasta, CA region. Crystallization is simulated at H₂O saturated conditions at all crustal depths, and a new geobarometer-hygrometer based on amphibole magnesium number is calibrated. In Chapter 5 I use the new barometer to study a suite of mafic enclaves from the Mt. Shasta region, and apply it to amphiboles in these enclaves. Evidence for pre-eruptive H₂O contents of up to 14 wt% is presented, and bulk chemical analyses of the inclusions are used to show that extensive magma mixing has occurred at all crustal depths up to 35 km beneath Mt. Shasta.
by Michael James Krawczynski.
Ph.D.

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Allain, Stéphanie. "L'évolution du moment cinétique des étoiles pré-séquence principale de faible masse". Grenoble 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10167.

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Cette thèse présente l'étude de la rotation des étoiles de faible masse (entre 0,5 et 1,2 m#+) pendant leurs phases pré-séquence principale, depuis les T Tauri âgées de quelques millions d'années, et séquence principale, à quelques milliards d'années. Deux approches complémentaires ont été utilisées : les observations apportent de nouvelles mesures de rotation de ces objets et la modélisation permet de comprendre les processus physiques mis en jeu. Les observations ont porté essentiellement sur les amas jeunes, IC4665, Alpha Persée et les Pléiades. Dans ces amas, les étoiles de type solaire sont à un âge charnière entre la phase pré-séquence principale et la séquence principale. Alors qu'un grand pourcentage d’étoiles tournent à des vitesses inferieures à 10 km. S#-#1, leurs vitesses de rotation exactes n'étaient pas connues à cause des limites de résolution instrumentales. Grace aux instruments CORAVEL et ELODIE de l'OHP, toutes les vitesses de rotation sont maintenant résolues dans Persée et les Pléiades pour les étoiles de masse comprise entre 0,6 et 1,1 m#+. Les distributions de vitesse équatoriales en fonction de la masse ont été construites dans les deux amas et sont comparées aux modèles. Un modèle d'évolution du moment cinétique a été développé, qui permet de prendre en compte l'évolution pré-séquence principale : les changements de structure interne, l'effet d'un disque d'accrétion, la perte de moment cinétique à la surface et le transfert de moment cinétique entre le cœur et l'enveloppe. Les nouvelles données apportent des contraintes fortes quant au transport de moment cinétique dans les intérieurs stellaires. Dans les étoiles en rotation rapide, un transfert très efficace du moment cinétique permet à l’étoile de garder une rotation quasi-solide pendant toute son évolution, de la phase T Tauri jusqu'à l’âge du soleil, en accord avec les observations de l'intérieur solaire. Par contre, l'existence même d'un grand nombre de rotateurs lents nécessite un découplage entre le cœur et l'enveloppe, avec un temps caractéristique de couplage de 100 millions d'années. L'évolution de la vitesse de ces rotateurs très lents au début de la séquence principale, pendant laquelle leur vitesse varie très peu, est également en accord avec un temps de couplage très long.

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Libros sobre el tema "Ocean interior"

Jake, Townsend, ed. Coastal modern: Sophisticated homes inspired by the ocean. New York: Clarkson Potter, 2012.

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Museum of the City of New York., ed. The fabulous interiors of the great ocean liners in historic photographs. New York: Dover Publications, 1985.

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Gio Ponti: Le navi : il progetto degli interni navali, 1948-1953. Viareggio (Lucca): Idea books, 2007.

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Danish design at sea: Ship interior architecture and furnishing. Copenhagen: Polyteknisk Forlag, 2021.

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Le paquebot France. Paris: Norma, 2006.

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Vian, Louis-René. Arts décoratifs à bord des paquebots français, 1880-1960. Paris: Editions Fonmare, 1992.

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United States. Minerals Management Service. MMS: Securing ocean energy and economic value for America : U.S. Department of the Interior, Minerals Management Service, 2003-2004. Washington, D.C: MMS, 2004.

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Riccesi, Donato. Gustavo Pulitzer Finali: Il disegno della nave : allestimenti interni 1925-1967. Venezia: Marsilio, 1985.

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To establish in the Department of the Interior an Under Secretary for Energy, Lands, and Minerals and a Bureau of Ocean Energy, an Ocean Energy Safety Service, and an Office of Natural Resources Revenue, and for other purposes: Report together with dissenting views (to accompany H.R. 3404) (including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office). Washington, D.C: U.S. G.P.O., 2012.

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Fisheries, United States Congress House Committee on Merchant Marine and. National Seabed Hard Minerals Act of 1988: Report together with additional views (to accompany H.R. 1260 which ... was referred jointly to the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs and the Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries) (including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office). [Washington, D.C.?: U.S. G.P.O., 1988.

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Capítulos de libros sobre el tema "Ocean interior"

McCreary, Julian P. y Satish R. Shetye. "Interior Ocean". En Observations and Dynamics of Circulations in the North Indian Ocean, 313–31. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-5864-9_12.

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Howell, Samuel M. y Erin J. Leonard. "Ocean Worlds: Interior Processes and Physical Environments". En Handbook of Space Resources, 873–906. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97913-3_26.

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Honjo, S. "Ocean Particles and Fluxes of Material to the Interior of the Deep Ocean; The Azoic Theory 120 Years Later". En Facets of Modern Biogeochemistry, 62–73. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73978-1_7.

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He, Jingguang, Qingnan Li y Jinjin Wang. "Cruise color analysis system for interior color scheme under complicated ocean lighting conditions". En Developments in Maritime Technology and Engineering, 383–89. London: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003216582-43.

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Lionello, P. y J. Pedlosky. "On the Effect of a Surface Density Front on the Interior Structure of the Ventilated Ocean Thermocline". En IUTAM Symposium on Advances in Mathematical Modelling of Atmosphere and Ocean Dynamics, 183–89. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0792-4_23.

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Machado, Pedro. "Maritime Passages in the Indian Ocean Slave Trade". En The Palgrave Handbook of Global Slavery throughout History, 359–78. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-13260-5_20.

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AbstractEnslavement as a process was complex and multilayered, often encompassing experiences of dislocation and displacement, as individuals were taken from their homes to destinations that could be thousands of miles away. This chapter considers the range of experiences that both African and Asian slaves endured in the Indian Ocean in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries during periods of intensified exchange of captives between the interiors, coasts and islands scattered across the ocean. While the moment of capture or bondage signaled the beginning of a new unfree state and social position, the experience of enslavement did not necessarily end at that moment; rather, it initiated a process whose trajectories could be expansive and involve multiple stages (and geographies) that shaped the contours of an unfree existence in the ocean.

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"Mixing in the Stratified Interior". En Ocean Mixing, 283–320. Cambridge University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781316795439.009.

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Fox-Kemper, B., R. Lumpkin y F. O. Bryan. "Lateral Transport in the Ocean Interior". En International Geophysics, 185–209. Elsevier, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-391851-2.00008-8.

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Lasc, Anca I. "Epilogue: The presentness of historicism: the Musée centennal du mobilier et de la décoration and the legacy of proto-interior designers". En Interior decorating in nineteenth-century France, 227–34. Manchester University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9781526113382.003.0007.

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The Epilogue charts the career of Georges Rémon, artistic grandchild of Pierre-Luc Cicéri. Rémon was an inventor of interior designs that took the historicist, themed aesthetic to a new level. Equally well-versed in revivalist and Art Nouveau interiors, Rémon also invented interior decorating schemes that paid lip service to the more recent political regimes of the nineteenth century (Second Republic style, Louis-Philippe style, Napoléon III style) as well as decorative settings in what would later become the Art Deco style. His workshop designed not only period rooms for the 1900 universal exhibition but also interiors of several ocean liners that brought the French aesthetic to America. His career is thus a perfect example of how the artistic output of upholsterers, cabinet-makers, architects, stage designers, illustrators, collectors and department store managers, directed towards the private interior, invented a “system,” which saw that unity and harmony, as expressed through one main theme and coordinated by the same person, would guide the design of each interior. Without the invention of this “system,” the twentieth-century profession of the interior designer might never have been born.

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MacKinnon, Jennifer, Lou St Laurent y Alberto C. Naveira Garabato. "Diapycnal Mixing Processes in the Ocean Interior". En International Geophysics, 159–83. Elsevier, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-391851-2.00007-6.

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Actas de conferencias sobre el tema "Ocean interior"

Pinkel, Robert. "HF Doppler Acoustic Imaging of the Ocean Surface and Interior". En HIGH FREQUENCY OCEAN ACOUSTICS: High Frequency Ocean Acoustics Conference. AIP, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1843017.

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Melwani Daswani, Mohit y Steven D. Vance. "Evolution of Volatiles from Europa's Interior into its Ocean". En Goldschmidt2020. Geochemical Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46427/gold2020.1777.

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Yacobucci, Margaret M. "SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODELING OF WESTERN INTERIOR AMMONOIDS DURING OCEAN ANOXIC EVENT 2". En GSA 2020 Connects Online. Geological Society of America, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2020am-355164.

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Sen, Debabrata y Jai Ram Saripilli. "Numerical Studies on Slosh-Induced Loads Using Coupled Algorithm for Sloshing and 3D Ship Motions". En ASME 2017 36th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2017-61159.

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This paper reports the development of an efficient algorithm coupling ship motions with interior tank sloshing. The algorithm integrates a potential flow based solver for the ship motions with an open source viscous flow solver (OpenFOAM) for the interior sloshing. The ship motion problem is solved using a three dimensional forward speed transient Greens function method in the time domain. The internal tank sloshing problem is solved using a standard Finite Volume Method (FVM) based incompressible multiphase interface capturing Volume of Fluid (VoF) technique. The objective is to determine the influence of slosh motion on ship responses and in turn the modifications in the slosh-induced interior pressures and loads due to this coupling. The reason for influence of coupling on roll response is investigated. The maximum pressure at the interior of the tank considering uncoupled and coupled sloshing and ship motions is studied. Further numerical simulations are carried out considering simultaneous sloshing in two tanks.

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Robinson, L. J., K. S. George, J. H. Whiteside, S. Gibbs y R. Twitchett. "Biomarker and Isotopic Transect Across the Cretaceous Interior Seaway: Drivers of Ocean Anoxia". En 29th International Meeting on Organic Geochemistry. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201902754.

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Li, Hui, Baoli Deng, Chunlei Liu, Jian Zou y Huilong Ren. "Prediction of Wave-Induced Motions and Loads of Ships With Forward Speed by Matching Method". En ASME 2020 39th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2020-18614.

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Abstract A novel matching method has been developed to solve the wave-induced motions and loads of ships with forward speed. The fluid domain is divided into two subdomains by a cylindrical control surface: an interior domain and an exterior domain. Unlike the conventional domain decomposition strategy, the control surface is meshless in present method, on which the physical quantities are expanded into Fourier-Laguerre series. Based on forward speed Green function, the source distribution method is adopted to solve the exterior domain. The calculations of boundary integral equation about forward speed Green function over the control surface are performed analytically, and the solution of exterior domain provides a Dirichlet-to-Neumann (DN) relation on the control surface. In the interior domain, the boundary value problem is solved by Rankine source method. In order to be consistent with exterior solution, the control surface is kept meshless. The ship hull is discretized into constant panels. The free-surface is discretized into cubic B-splines to represent the high-order derivatives of velocity potential precisely. Then, the DN relation is used to close the equation system established in the interior domain. Comparisons with known experimental measurements show that the calculations achieve good accuracy. Furthermore, the influences of numerical method used in the exterior domain are described.

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Sheng, Wanan, Anthony Lewis y Raymond Alcorn. "Numerical Studies of a Floating Cylindrical OWC WEC". En ASME 2012 31st International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2012-83041.

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Oscillating water column (OWC) wave energy converters (WECs) are a popular type of wave energy devices. Generally, the OWC WECs have a simple structure and working principle, but with a high conversion efficiency, and a high reliability in power take-off due to a small torque and a high rotation speed for a certain power extraction. The OWC devices convert wave energy into pneumatic energy primarily by producing the pressured and de-pressured air (pneumatic energy) in the air chamber through the motions of the interior water surface in the water column. Conventionally, the pneumatic energy is converted into mechanical energy through an air turbine (in small scaled model, an orifice or porous membrane material is used for non-linear or linear power take-off modelling). However, these processes are very limitedly understood due to the complexities of the hydrodynamics, aerodynamics, and thermodynamics and their coupling effects. Theoretical and numerical attempts are very limited, especially when the coupling effects are included. As a result of the difficulties, in the device development, the most popular and acceptable approach may be the model tests, with different scaling factors in their corresponding development stages, as recommended by the relevant wave energy development protocols. To reduce the dependencies on the physical modelling in the OWC device development, numerical methods are very desirable to accommodate the simulation and assessment of the hydrodynamic and aerodynamic/thermodynamic performances of the OWC WECs. This is the main target of this investigation. In this numerical simulation, the hydrodynamic performances (including the motions of the structure and the interior water surface in waves) are carried out by employing a conventional boundary element method (i.e., WAMIT in this case) in frequency domain. To include the effects of the airflow passing through an orifice, its aerodynamic performance is much simplified by assuming its effects on the hydrodynamic performance through some extra damping coefficients to the motions of the floating structure and to the motion of the interior water surface. In this way, the interior water surface response can be obtained for the coupling effects of the hydrodynamics and aerodynamics of the OWC WEC. In this regard, an important issue in the numerical simulation is to seek an appropriate representation of the damping levels.

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Hayes, Joseph, Daniel Kelly, Brian L. Beard, Michael Tappa y Annie Bauer. "RECONSTRUCTING OCEAN CIRCULATION ALONG THE EASTERN MARGIN OF THE WESTERN INTERIOR SEAWAY DURING THE LATE CRETACEOUS COOLDOWN". En Joint 56th Annual North-Central/ 71st Annual Southeastern Section Meeting - 2022. Geological Society of America, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2022nc-375566.

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Mondal, Bipul Chandra y Ashutosh Sutra Dhar. "Corrosion Effects on the Strength of Steel Pipes Using FEA". En ASME 2015 34th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2015-42003.

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This paper presents a finite element investigation on the strength and deformation characteristics of corroded steel pipes with corrosion on the exterior and interior surfaces of the pipes considering different corrosion parameters such as circumferential extent (width) of corrosion, ratio of corrosion width to pipe diameter and the locations of corrosion. The finite element analysis was performed using a commercially available general purpose finite element program, ABAQUS/Explicit. The study reveals that localized bending develops on the pipe wall within the corroded zone that extent up to a certain distance (1 to 1.5 times the corrosion dimension) in the non-corroded area. The localized bending causes stress concentration in the vicinity of the corroded area that is not well captured in the current design standards (i.e. modified ASME B31G). As a result, the modified ASME B31G method overestimated the pipe capacity comparing to the capacity calculated based on the finite element analysis. A pipe designed using the modified ASME B31G method is expected to provide a factor of safety less than the design factor of safety. The effects of circumferential extent of corrosion appears to be less compared to the effects of longitudinal extent of corrosion. The exterior corrosion was found to be more detrimental in comparison with the interior corrosion.

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Li, Hui, Hao Lizhu, Huilong Ren y Xiaobo Chen. "Zero Speed Rankine-Kelvin Hybrid Method With a Cylinder Control Surface". En ASME 2015 34th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2015-41565.

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The solution of hydrodynamic problem with forward speed still has some well-known problems such as high oscillation and slow convergence of the wave term when using a moving and oscillating source as the Green function. Recently, Ten and Chen (2010) has come up with a new method to benefit the merits of both the Rankine source and moving and oscillating source by taking a hemisphere as the control surface which separates the fluid region into two domains, but some troubles have been induced in the process of solution. Therefore, in this paper, a cylindrical surface instead of a hemisphere is selected to be the control surface to make the solution easy, and in this method, the control surface isn’t divided into panels. In the interior domain near the ship, the Rankin Green function is used to simplify the calculation. In the exterior domain some distance from the ship, there is no panels representing the free surface by using the Green function which satisfy the free surface boundary condition. The whole fluid region matches by the condition that the velocity potentials and their normal derivatives in the interior domain and exterior domain are equal on the control surface separately. In this paper, we have validated the Rankine-Kelvin hybrid method is applicable by adopting it to solve the zero speed problem in this work.

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Informes sobre el tema "Ocean interior"

Testor, Pierre, Thibaut Wagener, Anthony Bosse, Remy Asselot, Virginie Thierry y Johannes Karstensen. Estimate of magnitude and drivers of regional carbon variability for both regions. EuroSea, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/eurosea_d7.3.

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This deliverable provides an overview of EuroSea outcomes related to interior ocean carbon variability in deep convection areas in order to assess the linkage of these processes for the use in national climate action (NCA) plans delivered in the framework of the Paris Agreement. In summary, large-scale connectivity in the ocean does not allow clear delineation of patterns of regional carbon uptake across national boundaries, limiting an assessment of the Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZ) in light of NCA plans. This problem becomes already clear by a simple scale estimation: considering sluggish, open ocean (away from continental boundaries) advection speeds of 2 cm/s result in a “relocation” of any water parcel by roughly 630 km per year (or 3150 km in 5 years Paris Agreement carbon auditing period) and crossing national borders easily. (EuroSea Deliverable, D7.3)

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Andersen, Gisle, Christine Merk, Marie L. Ljones y Mikael P. Johannessen. Interim report on public perceptions of marine CDR. OceanNets, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/oceannets_d3.4.

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This deliverable synthesizes the results on public perceptions of marine CDR methods from the first two years of OceanNETs. The purpose is to inform the other work packages in OceanNETs and stakeholders about our results in a timely and brief manner about the ways members of the public view marine CDR specifically but also in the broader context of net-zero targets and climate policy. The deliverable summarises results of two studies: (1) focus groups held in Germany and Norway that covered ocean fertilization, ocean alkalinity enhancement, artificial upwelling and blue carbon management and (2) a deliberative survey in Norway that covered ocean alkalinity enhancement, macroalgae farming with BECCS or biomass sinking and land-based BECCS and enhanced weathering as terrestrial approaches for comparison. Participants in both studies emphasise the importance of reducing emissions and changing consumptions patterns. They hardly discuss the need to remove CO2 from the atmosphere to reach the Paris climate goal and the concept of negative emissions seems difficult for them to engage with. Among the methods, participants prefer ecosystem-based approaches like mangrove or seagrass restoration over other methods like alkalinity enhancement or ocean fertilization. Participants are concerned about the actual feasibility of deployment at a relevant removal scale and for a longer period. Connected to this are concerns about the controllability of the deployment and the methods’ impact, like difficulties to control negative environmental effects from biomass sinking at the seafloor. They also question the buildup of additional infrastructure or additional interventions into nature on top of already existing human interference. The opportunity to deliberate the methods increases participants’ certainty about their assessment but only slightly changes the direction of the assessment.

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Scanlan, E. J., M. Leybourne, D. Layton-Matthews, A. Voinot y N. van Wagoner. Alkaline magmatism in the Selwyn Basin, Yukon: relationship to SEDEX mineralization. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/328994.

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Several sedimentary exhalative (SEDEX) deposits have alkaline magmatism that is temporally and spatially associated to mineralization. This report outlines interim data from a study of potential linkages between magmatism and SEDEX mineralization in the Selwyn Basin, Yukon. This region is an ideal study site due to the close spatial and temporal relationships between SEDEX deposits and magmatism, particularly in the MacMillan Pass, where volcanic rocks have been drilled with mineralization at the Boundary deposit. Alkaline volcanic samples were analysed from the Anvil District, MacMillan Pass, Keno-Mayo and the Misty Creek Embayment in the Selwyn Basin to characterise volcanism and examine the relationship to mineralization. Textural and field relationships indicate a volatile-rich explosive eruptive volcanic system in the MacMillan Pass region in comparison to the Anvil District, which is typically effusive in nature. High proportions of calcite and ankerite in comparison to other minerals are present in the MacMillan system. Cathodoluminescence imaging reveals zoning and carbonate that displays different luminescent colours within the same sample, likely indicating multiple generations of carbonate precipitation. Barium contents are enriched in volcanic rocks throughout the Selwyn Basin, which is predominately hosted by hyalophane with rare barite and barytocalcite. Thallium is positively correlated with Ba, Rb, Cs, Mo, As, Sb and the calcite-chlorite-pyrite index and is negatively correlated with Cu. Anvil District samples display a trend towards depleted mid-ocean ridge mantle on a plot of Ce/Tl versus Th/Rb. Hydrothermal alteration has likely led to the removal of Tl from volcanic rocks in the region. Ongoing research involves: i) the analysis of Sr, Nd, Pb and Tl isotopes of volcanic samples; ii) differentiating magmatic from hydrothermal carbonate using O, C and Sr isotopes; iii) examining sources of Ba in the Selwyn Basin; iv) and constraining age relationships through U-Th-Pb geochronology.

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Joint Expert Group on Food Contact Materials Interim Position Paper on ocean bound plastic. Food Standards Agency, marzo de 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.kdy447.

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The FSA and FSS have become aware of the use of recycled plastic food contact applications that are in part, or fully, fulfilled using so called “ocean-bound” plastic. As this term has been observed to be a relatively new concept in food contact applications a full review of whether plastic material sourced from the open environment (ocean, ocean-bound, land) can be utilised in food packaging, either directly or behind a functional barrier, is currently being undertaken by the FSA. As part of its full review, the FSA and FSS invites submissions from industry, the individuals as consumers, or interested parties, including those with the relevant science expertise to submit evidence on this issue. We are particularly interested in understanding how operators propose to, or currently, carry out their own risk assessment of the safe use of these materials as a food contact material, particularly when sourcing from countries whose regulatory standards and waste management strategies differ to those of the UK and/or information on previous use and/or misuse are less certain. In addition, we would like to know how full traceability along the supply chain is ensured.

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