Tesis sobre el tema "OCD"
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Fisher, Elyse. "The process that OCD built". Thesis, University of Iowa, 2018. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6101.
Texto completoHemmings, S. M. J. "Investigating the molecular aetiology of Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and clinically-defined subsets of OCD". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1256.
Texto completoENGLISH ABSTRACT: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), a debilitating psychiatric disorder, affects 2-3% of the general population, and represents a global health problem. Evidence from family studies suggests that genetic factors play a role in mediating disease development. However, the pattern of inheritance is not consistent with monogenic disorders, but is “genetically complex”. Case-control association analysis, which facilitates dissection of the genetic aetiology of complex disorders, has yielded many inconsistent results in OCD studies, making identification of predisposing alleles difficult. These discrepant findings can largely be attributed to inappropriate statistical methodology and the lack of OCD phenotypic resolution. Although classified as a single clinical entity according to structured algorithms, OCD probably represents a final common outcome of multiple underlying aetiologies. Thus, numerous clinical subtypes of the disorder have been proposed; these “intermediate” phenotypes may be more closely related to a particular genetic substrate than the higher order construct of OCD. Furthermore, although genes encoding serotonergic (5-HT) and dopaminergic components are most commonly investigated, it is likely that the behavioural manifestations of OCD are mediated by a broader network of interconnected neurotransmitter and signalling pathways. Consequently, the aim of the present study was two-fold: to address the factors that may have confounded previous genetic case-control association studies and to investigate the genetic aetiology of OCD phenotypes while accounting for these factors. Case and control individuals were drawn from the reportedly genetically homogeneous Afrikaner population. However, as no empirical evidence existed to support the absence of genetic substructure, which would confound genetic association studies, a Bayesian modelbased clustering algorithm (Structure), that groups individuals on the basis of observed genotype data, was employed to assess population stratification in both case and control Afrikaner subjects. OCD patients were clinically stratified by gender, symptom severity, age at onset, the presence of selected co-morbid disorders and the presence of selected symptom dimensions, to facilitate the identification of susceptibility genes more closely related with these subtypes. Candidate genes included those coding for components of the 5-HT (5-HT receptors 1Dβ, 2A, 2C and 6), dopaminergic (dopamine receptors 1, 2, 3 and 4, dopamine transporter and catechol-O-methyltransferase [COMT]), glutamatergic (glutamate receptor subunit 2B [GRIN2B]) and neurodevelopmental pathways (brain-derived neurotrophic factor [BDNF] and homeobox 8 [HoxB8]), as well as previously uninvestigated genes (angiotensinconverting enzyme I, inositol-trisphosphate, phospholipase-C-gamma 1 and estrogen receptor alpha). The relationship between variants in these genes and OCD (or OCD subtypes) was investigated in a single locus and a haplotype context, while meta-analyses using published population-based case-control association data were also conducted. Significant associations noted between distinct COMT variants and OCD implicated COMT in the development of a genetically discrete, gender-dependant, early-onset, tic-related phenotype in males. Furthermore, investigations of variations in BDNF and GRIN2B point towards a genetically distinct, neurodevelopmental subtype of the disorder, mediated, in males at least, primarily by dysfunctions in BDNF. The striking gender dimorphism noted in these associations indicates the possibility of an epigenetic hormonal influence. Moreover, the significant association of polymorphisms within GRIN2B, in both a single locus and haplotype context, suggests the involvement of this gene in mediating a phenotypic subtype characterised by an early-onset, more severe form of the disorder. The present investigation forms part of ongoing research to elucidate genetic components involved in the aetiopathology of OCD and OCD-related subtypes. Such studies may pave the way towards more efficacious pharmacotherapeutic strategies, which will ease the suffering of individuals who are afflicted with this incapacitating condition.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Obsessiewe-kompulsiewe steuring (OKS) is 'n aftakelende psigiatriese siektetoestand wat 2- 3% van die algemene bevolking affekteer en 'n globale gesondheidsprobleem verteenwoordig. Familiestudies dui daarop dat genetiese faktore 'n rol in die ontwikkeling van hierdie siekte speel. Die patroon van oorerwing is egter nie verenigbaar met dié van monogeniese siektes nie, maar is geneties "kompleks". Geval-kontrole assosiasie-ontleding, wat die disseksie van die genetiese etiologie van komplekse siektes fasiliteer, het teenstrydige resultate in OKS gelewer en dit bemoeilik die identifikasie van predisponerende allele. Die teenstrydige bevindings kan grootliks aan ontoepaslike statistiese metodiek en die gebrek aan fenotipiese differensiasie in OKS toegeskryf word. Alhoewel dit volgens gestruktureer algoritmes as 'n enkele kliniese entiteit geklassifiseer word, verteenwoordig OKS waarskynlik die eindresultaat van veelvoudige onderliggende oorsake. Baie kliniese subtipes van die toestand is al voorgestel en dié "intermediêre' fenotipes mag nader verwant aan 'n spesifieke genetiese substraat as die hoër orde konsep van OKS wees. Verder, alhoewel die gene wat die serotonergiese (5-HT) en dopaminergiese komponente kodeer meestalondersoek word, is dit waarskynlik dat die gedragsmanifestasies van OKS deur 'n breër netwerk van intergekonnekteerde neuro-oordragstof- en seinoordragpaaie meegebring word Gevolglik was die doel van die huidige studie tweevoudig: om faktore wat vorige genetiese geval-kontrole assossiasie-studies verwar het aan te spreek en om die genetiese etiologie van OKS-fenotipes te ondersoek met in ag neming van hierdie faktore. Geval- en kontrole-individue is gekies uit die Afrikaner-bevolking wat as geneties homogeen beskryf kan word. Daar was geen empiriese bewyse vir die afwesigheid van 'n genetiese substruktuur (wat genetiese assossiasie-studies sou verwar),nie. Daarom is 'n Bayesiese model-gebaseerde groeperings-algoritme (Structure), wat individue op grond van waargenome genotipiese data groepeer, gebruik om die populasie-stratifikasie is beide gevalen kontrole- Afrikaner-individue te bepaal. OKS-pasiënte is klinies gestratifiseer volgens geslag, ernstigheid van simptome, ouderdom by aanvang van simptome, die teenwoordigheid van geselekteerde komorbiede siektetoestande en die teenwoordigheid van geselekteerde simptoomdimensies of -groepe, om die identifikasie van moontlike vatbaarheidsgene wat nader verwant is aan die verskillende subtipes te fasiliteer/vergemaklik. Kandidaatgene het ingesluit: dié wat kodeer vir komponente van die 5-HT-(5-HT reseptore IDB, 2A, 2C and 6), dopaminergiese (dopamienreseptore 1, 2, 3 and 4, dopamien-transporter and katesjol-O-metieltransferase [COMTJ), glutamatergiese (glutamaat-reseptor subeenheid 2B [GRIN2B]) and neuro-ontwikkelingspaaie (brein-gederiveerde neurotrofiese faktor [BDNF] en homeobox 8 [HoxB8]), sowel as die gene wat nie voorheen ondersoek is nie (angiotensien-omsettingsensiem I, inositol-trisfosfaat, fosfolipase-C-gamma 1 en estrogeen-reseptor alpha). Die verhouding tussen variante in hierdie gene en OKS (of OKS-subtipes) is ondersoek in 'n enkel-lokus en haplotipe konteks, en meta-analises, wat gepubliseerde bevolkings-gebaseerde geval-kontrole ontledingsdata gebruik het, is ook gedoen. Beduidende assosiasies gevind tussen spesifieke COMT-variante en OKS in mans, het daarop gedui dat COMT in die ontwikkeling van geneties-diskrete, vroeë-aanvang, senutrekking ("tics") -verwante fenotipe in mans betrokke is. Verder het ondersoeke van variasies in BDNF en GRIN2B daarop gedui dat 'n geneties-afsonderlike, neuro-ontwikkelings-subtipe van.OKS wat, ten minste in mans, primêr deur wanfunksie van BDNF meegebring word. Die opvallende geslags verskil wat in hierdie assosiasies gesien word, dui op die moontlikheid van 'n epigenetiese hormonale invloed. Bowendien, die beduidende assosiasie van polimorfismes in GRIN2B in beide die enkel-lokus en haplotipe konteks, dui op die betrokkenheid van hierdie geen in die meebring van 'n fenotipiese subtipe wat deur 'n vroeë aanvang, en meer ernstige vorm van die siekte gekenmerk word. Die huidige ondersoek vorm deel van voortgesette navorsmg om die genetiese komponente wat betrokke is by die etiopatologie van OKS en OKS-subtipes, bloot te lê. Sodanige studies kan die weg baan na meer doeltreffende farmakoterapeutiese strategieë wat die lyding van indi vidue wat deur hierdie aftakelende toestand geraak word, kan verlig.
Noorian, Zahra. "OCD in adolescents: the prevalence and contribution of cognitive beliefs in OCD and other emotional disorders". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/284944.
Texto completoIn this doctoral thesis, I have three general objectives: (1) the epidemiological study of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) symptoms among Spanish adolescents; (2) studying the contribution of dysfunctional obsessive beliefs in OCD symptoms; (3) studying the specificity of obsessive beliefs to OCD and other psychological disorder like generalized anxiety disorder(GAD), social phobia(FS) and major depression and or distimia (MDD/Distimia) The first study examines the prevalence of OCD symptoms in a population of 1,061 adolescents with the mean age of 13.92. It also investigates the association between anxiety symptoms severity (panic attacks, separation anxiety, social phobia, generalized anxiety and school phobia) and depressive symptom severity. OCD symptoms are assessed by Leyton Obsession Inventory (LOI-CV) questionnaire. Two distinct groups of subjects are defined as being ‘positive’ on the LOI-CV according to Flamment et al. (1988). The first group (called High interference) includes all of the subjects who scored 25 or more in interference regardless of symptom presence score. The second group (called High symptom presence) consists of all subjects with a symptom presence score equal to or above 15 and an interference score of 10 or less. Associated depression and anxiety symptoms severities were measured by the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED) and Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI). The results of the first study shows that forty- one subjects (3.9%) showed an interference score of 25 or more (high interference group) while eight students (0.8%) were included in the high symptom presence group. The most prevalent and interfering symptoms were fussy about hands, hating dirt and contamination and going over things a lot. In addition, the association between LOI and depressive symptom severity was significant, while the association between LOI and anxiety symptoms severity was insignificant. Cognitive theories of OCD suggest that interpretation of intrusive thoughts and meanings that are given to them play a crucial role in the development of OCD. The objective of the second study is to investigate the association of dysfunctional obsessive beliefs such as inflated responsibility and overestimation of threat (RT), perfectionism and intolerance of uncertainty (PC), importance and need to control thoughts (ICT) and thought action fusion (TAF) to OCD symptoms in a population of adolescents. In the second study, 966 adolescents with a mean age of 13.89 years completed questionnaires measuring obsessive beliefs, thought-action fusion (TAF) beliefs, and OCD, depression and anxiety symptoms. Findings from various statistical analyses in the second study indicate that all OCD symptom dimensions assessed by LOI-CV were significantly associated with all of the obsessive beliefs measured by OBQ-44. Linear regression analysis shows that perfectionism and intolerance of uncertainty accompanies depression and anxiety symptoms predict all OCD symptoms dimensions. Moreover, TAF-likelihood belief predicts mental compulsion and superstition symptom. In the third study, I examine whether different dysfunctional obsessive beliefs are exclusive to OCD or they also exist in other psychological disorders such as FS, GAD, and MDD/distimia. Moreover, the relation between obsessive beliefs and clinical variables such as OCD, depression, and anxiety symptoms has been assessed in different diagnostic groups. The sample consists of adolescents with four different diagnoses: 16 adolescents with OCD diagnosis; 64 adolescents with FS; 52 adolescents with GAD and 47 adolescents with MDD/distimia. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) shows no significant difference between different diagnostic groups on obsessive beliefs, measured by OBQ-44 and TAF-A. Correlational analysis reveals that all obsessive beliefs significantly correlate with depression (CDI-total), anxiety (SCARED-total) and OCD symptoms (LOI-total). Bivariate correlation indicates that OBQ-total and its subscales (PC and ICT) have the highest correlation with obsessive symptoms in OCD group, compared with all other diagnostic groups.
Kartberg, Emma. "OCD and Empathy Games : Using empathy games to inform the public about ODC". Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-17846.
Texto completoJackson, Michelle. "Separation-distress as an affective mechanism of OCD". Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/8264.
Texto completoIncludes bibliographical references (p. 162-171).
In this thesis, a series of four studies were carried out to address the question of whether separation distress (the associated feeling state of the basic emotion substrate PANIC; Panksepp, 1998) is a significant constituent of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD). The aim was to characterize more accurately the affective nature of the disorder. Separation-distress and separation trauma were examined in samples of people with high scores on measures of obsessionality and low mood, and in patients with clinical OCD and depression; as well as in control groups. The Meta-Cognitions Questionnaire (Cartwright-Hatton & Wells, 1997) Padua Inventory (Sanavio, 1988), Major Depression Inventory (Olsen, Jensen, Noerholm, Martiny, & Bech, 2003) and Positive and Negative Affect Scales (Watson, Clark, & Tellegen, 1988) were used to position participants from low- to high-scoring on spectrums of obsessionality and low mood (Studies I and II) and of OCD and depression (Studies III and IV). Participants were then evaluated on measures of separation-distress, using the Separation Anxiety Symptom Inventory (Silove et al., 1993), the Structured Clinical Interview for Separation Anxiety Symptoms (Cyranowski et al., 2002), the Adult Separation Anxiety Checklist (Manicavasagar, Silove, Wagner, & Drobny, 2003) and the Affective Neuroscience Personality Scales (Davis, Panksepp, & Normansell, 2003). Descriptive and inferential statistics, including correlational analysis, independent and dependent t tests and mediation, confirmed that separation-distress is significantly and consistently higher in those who score higher on obsessionality and low mood, as well as in patients with OCD and depression. Heightened separation-distress is therefore strongly implicated in both OCD and depression. It was also found to be a critical variable in the well-recognized comorbidity of the two disorders. Chisquare contingency analysis was performed on the categorical data collected for early separation trauma experiences. The results showed that the development of OCD and/or depression in adulthood is highly contingent on the experience of separation trauma during critical early life periods. The main hypothesis, that separation-distress is a central affective mechanism of OCD, was confirmed.
Monzani, Benedetta. "Predisposing and maintaining factors in OCD and hoarding disorder". Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2018. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/predisposing-and-maintaining-factors-in-ocd-and-hoarding-disorder(428674c4-39e2-4980-b192-d69abff4cb6c).html.
Texto completoDžiaugytė, Emilija. "Arklių OCD (osteochondritis dissecans) kulno sąnario rentgeninių pakitimų analizė". Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20140305_141607-53234.
Texto completoThe study was conducted in Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Veterinary Academy, Large Animal Clinic. The selected object of research was lame horse hock joint; method - initial clinical examination and radiographic analysis. The exploratory group of equines consisted of horses which were selected incidentally: various breeds, genders and age. Horse hock joint is one of the apparatus of locomotion which is a complex mechanism. It is composed of a compound of several bones to form a one-axis composite joint (screw/composite). It consists of combination of tibia, hock and foot bones. This complex locomotor mechanism is often affected by the pathology of Osteochondritis dissecans which causes painful feeling of discomfort for horses and consequently, they respond to this irritant by lameness. Horse Osteochondritis dissecans most often is diagnosed for racing and sports horses (56.53 percent) due to inadequate exploitation of animal strength, rapid growth of foal and improper diet. It was also found that OCD was diagnosed in stallions/geldings (75 percent) more than in mares (25 percent). The study revealed that OCD lesions localized to both stallions/geldings and mares, mostly on the left hock joint (58.33 percent), while the lesions of hock joint of the right leg were detected by a percentage less (33.33 percent).
Mavrothalassitis, Mariaan Janet. "Trauma and the pathogenesis of OCD : a literature review". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52593.
Texto completoENGLISH ABSTRACT: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is the most recognised mental disorder stemming from severe psychological trauma. One of the differential diagnoses of post-traumatic stress disorder, amongst others, is obsessive-compulsive disorder (OGD). These two disorders overlap at some point in terms of symptomatology. More specifically, both are characterized by recurrent intrusive thoughts. It has been hypothesized that trauma may also be a significant source of OGD development. OGD and PTSD are disorders that present in adulthood, as well as in childhood and adolescence. It is shown that PTSD and OGD can present comorbidly in adulthood and it is theorized that it may also be the case in childhood and adolescence. Evidence of OGD developing in the context of trauma and theories of how this might have happened are presented. It is shown how complicated it is to distinguish between OGD developing in the wake of trauma and PTSD and the importance of such a distinction.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Post-traumatiese Stresversteurig (PTSD) is een van die mees erkende sielkundigeversteurings wat ontwikkel na die blootstelling aan sielkundige trauma. Obsessiewe-kompulsieweversteuring (OGD) is, onder andere, een van die differensiële diagnoses van PTSD. Die twee versteurings oorvleuel ten opsigte van simptomalogie. Meer spesifiek word beide gekenmerk deur herhalende indringende gedagtes. Daar word tans gehipotiseer dat trauma nie net 'n rol in die ontwikkeling van PTSD speel nie maar ook 'n oorsaaklike rol het in die ontwikkeling van OGD. OGD en PTSD is versteurings wat kan voorkom tydens volwassenheid, asook tydens die kinderjare en adolessensie. Daar word bewys gedoen van PTSD en OGD wat saam voorkom gedurende volwassenheid en daar word geteoretiseer dat dit ook die geval mag wees tydens die kinderjare en adolessensie. Bewys word gelewer van OGD wat ontwikkel na blootstelling aan trauma en teorië ten opsigte van die ontwikkeling word aangebied. Die onderskeid tussen OGD wat na trauma blootstelling ontwikkel en PTSD is ingewikkeld, dog is die onderskeid baie belangrik in vele opsigte.
Lipton, M. "Phenomenology of intrusive imagery in obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD)". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2008. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1444223/.
Texto completoMcilwham, Harriet. "Factors influencing treatment outcome in young people with OCD : the relationship between parental psychopathology, parent relationship indicators, child inflated responsibility and OCD symptomology". Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2013. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/48749/.
Texto completoNorberg, Kristin y Christina Nyberg. "Personers upplevelser av att leva med tvångssyndrom, OCD : En litteraturstudie". Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för hälsovetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-72638.
Texto completoBond, M. "Experiences of mindfulness for clients with OCD : an IPA study". Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 2015. http://eprints.uwe.ac.uk/25939/.
Texto completovon, Strunck Hilmar. "Exploration of the Relationship between OCD and Parenting Style Subtypes". ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2017.
Texto completoStobie, Blake. "Therapist and patient beliefs associated with OCD treatment and treatment outcome". Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2009. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/therapist-and-patient-beliefs-associated-with-ocd-treatment-and-treatment-outcome(e9700445-0e37-49af-bf77-ca85ec1b0f14).html.
Texto completoChallacombe, Fiona. "OCD in the postnatal period : an investigation of the impact on mothers, parenting & infants". Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2014. http://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/ocd-in-the-postnatal-period(46b72f29-53b6-444a-9592-15447817b0a2).html.
Texto completoWenaas, Christoffer. "Psykotiske og schizotype symptomer i tvangslidelse : Prevalens, diagnosespesifisitet og relasjon til psykoterapi". Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Psykologisk institutt, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-26538.
Texto completoDallimore, Sian. "An investigation of perceptions of OCD, caregiver burden, distress and accommodation". Thesis, University of Bath, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.675707.
Texto completoBudajeva, Snezjana. "OCD as behavioral addiction and the reward process : A systematic review". Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-20174.
Texto completoRobson, Stacey. "Maladaptive cognitive processes during exposure in people with OCD (checking subtype)". Thesis, University of Leeds, 2007. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/2048/.
Texto completoMulcahy, Melissa Anne. "Understanding Perinatal Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD): From prevention to clinical practice". Thesis, Curtin University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/85011.
Texto completoChilvers, Rebecca. "Different for Dads? : the association between paternal OCD, parenting and child functioning". Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2013. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/different-for-dads-the-association-between-paternal-ocd-parenting-and-child-functioning(b3be0f79-4b6c-4fbc-a16a-5e3acc201d77).html.
Texto completoNorman, Luke Joseph. "Comparison of brain function and structure between paediatric OCD and ADHD patients". Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2017. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/comparison-of-brain-function-and-structure-between-paediatric-ocd-and-adhd-patients(b5dafadb-0fb4-4dac-8a9a-9eff036beaf7).html.
Texto completoWatson, Hunna J. "Clinical and research developments in the treatment of paediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder". Thesis, Curtin University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/2374.
Texto completoFruehauf, Lindsay Morgan. "Cognitive Control and Context Maintenance in Individuals with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)". BYU ScholarsArchive, 2019. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/8476.
Texto completoWatkins, Laura H. A. "Cognitive dysfunction in Huntington's disease and related disorders". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.313852.
Texto completoNavarro, Trujillo Rodrigo. "Association of inflammation markers in young adult patients with Obsessive-compulsive disorder". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för medicinsk biokemi och mikrobiologi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-355094.
Texto completoThunes, Susanne Semb. "A Metacognitive Perspective on Mindfulness: An Empirical Investigation". Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Psykologisk institutt, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-24018.
Texto completoKeyes, Carly Victoria. "How young people make sense of developing and getting help for obsessive compulsive disorder". Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/17190.
Texto completoWatson, Hunna J. "Clinical and research developments in the treatment of paediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder". Curtin University of Technology, School of Psychology, Division of Health Sciences, 2007. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=115091.
Texto completoStudy 1 comprised the first known meta-analysis of randomised, controlled treatment trials (RCTs) for paediatric OCD. Included studies were limited to RCTs as they are the most scientifically valid means for determining treatment efficacy and provide a more accurate estimate of treatment effect by removing error variance associated with confounding variables. The literature search identified 13 RCTs containing 10 pharmacotherapy to control comparisons (N = 1016) and 5 CBT to control comparisons (N = 161). Random effects modelling yielded statistically significant pooled effect size (ES) estimates for pharmacotherapy (ES = 0.48, 95% CI = 0.36 to 0.61, p < .00001) and CBT (ES = 1.45, 95% CI = 0.68 to 2.22, p =.002). The results support the efficacy of CBT and pharmacotherapy, and confirm these approaches as the only two evidence-based treatments for paediatric OCD. Implications and suggestions for future research are discussed. The effectiveness of CBT provided impetus to further examine this treatment. Group CBT is an understudied treatment modality among children with OCD. It was hypothesised that group CBT would possess efficacy because of the effectiveness of individual CBT for children with OCD, the demonstrated effectiveness of group CBT among adults with OCD, the practical and therapeutic advantages afforded by a group treatment approach, and the embeddedness of the approach in robust psychological theory. The aim of the second study was to evaluate the efficacy of group CBT. The study comprised the largest known conducted randomised, placebo-controlled trial of group CBT for paediatric OCD.
Twenty-two children and adolescents with a primary diagnosis of OCD were randomly assigned to a 12-week program of group CBT or a credible psychological placebo. Children were assessed at baseline, end of treatment, and at 1 month follow-up. Outcome measures included the Children’s Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale, global measures of OCD severity, Children’s Depression Inventory, and parent- and child-rated measures of psychosocial functioning. An intention-to-treat analysis revealed that children in the group CBT condition had statistically significantly lower levels of symptomatology at posttreatment and follow-up compared to children in the placebo condition. Analysis of clinical significance showed that 91% of children that received CBT were ‘recovered’ or ‘improved’ at follow-up, whereas 73% of children in the placebo condition were ‘unchanged’. Effect size analysis using Cohen’s d derived an effect of 1.14 and 1.20 at posttreatment and follow-up, respectively. These effects are comparable to results from studies of individual CBT. This study supported group CBT as an effective treatment modality for paediatric OCD and demonstrated that the effect extends beyond placebo and nonspecific treatment factors. In addition to treatment efficacy, the inherent worth of a treatment lies in its adoption by the relevant clinical population. Children with OCD are known to be secretive and embarrassed about symptoms, and there is often a long delay between onset of symptoms and treatment-seeking (Simonds & Elliot, 2001). An important observation during the course of conducting the RCT was that a high rate (39%) of eligible families declined participation.
This led to the question, "What barriers prevent participation in group CBT for paediatric OCD?" Qualitative methodology was employed to address this research question. Eligible families that had declined participation in the RCT were contacted and invited to participate in semi-structured interviews that explored reasons for non-participation and positive and negative perceptions of group CBT. The average time between non-participation and interview was 1.33 years (SD = 3 months). Data were collected from nine families and thematic analysis methodology was utilised to identify emergent themes. Failure to participate was predicted by practical and attitudinal barriers. Practical barriers included a lack of time, distance, severity of OCD symptoms, financial, and child physical health. Attitudinal barriers included child embarrassment about OCD symptoms, child belief that therapy would be ineffective, fear of the social aspect of the group, lack of previous success with psychology, lack of trust in strangers, parental concern about the structure of the group, denial of a problem, and ‘not being ready for it’. Attitudinal barriers more frequently predicted treatment non-participation. Positive and negative perceptions of this treatment modality were informative. Parents showed no differences in preference for individual or group CBT. An important finding was that 56% of the children had not received treatment since parental expression of interest in the group CBT program. Application of the findings to methods that promote service utilisation is discussed.
Boulougouris, Vasileios. "Neuroanatomical & neurochemical modulation of cognitive flexibility : implications for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.611496.
Texto completoFields, Lindsay D. "Developing a Model to Predict Prevalence of Compulsive Behavior in Individuals with OCD". Scholar Commons, 2018. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7286.
Texto completoHjärne, Maria y Emma Valdusson. "Ungdomars föreställningar om tvångstankar och tvångshandlingar – En kvantitativ studie". Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för socialt arbete, SA, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-20645.
Texto completoDorfan, Nicole Michelle. "Danger appraisals as prospective predictors of disgust and avoidance". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/935.
Texto completoDahl, Siri. "Langtidseffekten av intensiv inneliggende behandling av tvangslidelse: En behandlingsstudie". Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Psykologisk institutt, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-25189.
Texto completoMayerovitch, Jamie Isaac. "Treatment seeking for obsessive-compulsive disorder, role of OCD symptoms and comorbid psychiatric diagnoses". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0034/MQ64406.pdf.
Texto completoMayerovitch, Jamie Isaac. "Treatment seeking for obsessive-compulsive disorder : role of ocd symptons and comorbid psychiatric diagnoses". Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=30702.
Texto completoNegreiros, Juliana. "A study of neurocognition in OCD-affected youth, at-risk siblings, and healthy controls". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/46994.
Texto completoSmith, Alexandra C. "Explaining the Phenomenology of Parental Accommodation: Similarities and Differences Across Childhood OCD and Hoarding". Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1546601482680149.
Texto completoBedinger, Jesper y Mårten Skogman. "Stepped Care - Framtidens vårdform? : En pilotstudie av stegvis behandling av OCD vid Ångestenheten, Karolinska universitetssjukhuset, Solna". Thesis, Stockholm University, Department of Psychology, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-26168.
Texto completoDen vård som har starkast evidens vid behandling av tvångssyndrom, Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD), är kognitiv beteendeterapi (KBT), innehållande exponering och responsprevention. Idag är tillgången till denna vård begränsad främst på grund av för få behandlare. Tidigare forskning pekar på att personer med OCD kan bli hjälpta av mindre terapeutintensiva behandlingar. Att leverera vård stegvis med ökande behandlingsintensitet; Stepped Care, kan vara ett sätt att öka tillgängligheten av KBT. Denna pilotstudie har undersökt Stepped Care för OCD i form av tre steg, på Ångestenheten, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset. Det primära syftet har varit att bidra till kunskapsinsamlingen kring Stepped Care vid OCD. Sammanlagt 19 vuxna patienter ingår i pilotstudien. 8 blev förbättrade efter självhjälp, 5 efter gruppbehandling, 2 efter individualterapi samt 4 bortfall. Av dessa behöll 7 av självhjälps-, 3 av grupp- och ingen av individualpatienterna sina framsteg vid en uppföljning 12 veckor efter avslutad behandling. Totalt tog behandlingen 244 terapeuttimmar i anspråk, vilket är mer än en halvering mot traditionell individualbehandling. Resultaten tyder på att Stepped Care är ett intressant alternativ för att effektivisera och öka tillgängligheten av vård för OCD-patienter.
Mathieu, Sharna. "An examination of maternal rearing and the development of inflated responsibility beliefs in paediatric OCD". Thesis, Griffith University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/393958.
Texto completoThesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Applied Psychology
Griffith Health
Full Text
Walters, Sasha. "Doctorate in Clinical Psychology : main research portfolio". Thesis, University of Bath, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.675709.
Texto completoMerling, Lori Francesca. "Exploring the ‘Little Engine’ Effect: The Role of Self-Efficacy in Approaching Contamination". Thesis, NSUWorks, 2018. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/cps_stuetd/116.
Texto completoKeeling, Charlotte. "What is the role of magical thinking in OCD? : is magical thinking a function of perceived threat?" Thesis, University of Southampton, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.442810.
Texto completoO, Jiaqing. "The incongruence model of OCD symptomatology : the relevance of superstitiousness and stress reactions from an evolutionary perspective". Phd thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/151157.
Texto completoDomènech, Salgado Laura 1989. "A Comprehensive multiomics approach towards understanding obsessive-compulsive disorder". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/665800.
Texto completoFins a dia d’avui, s’ha avançat molt poc a l’hora d’elucidar les causes genètiques del trastorn obsessiu compulsiu (TOC). En aquest projecte hem realitzat estudis d’associació de variants rares (RVAS) i anàlisis de transcriptòmica i metagenòmica per centrar-nos en àrees relativament poc explorades del TOC. Hem identificat i replicat un enriquiment de variants rares a TMEM63A, un gen que codifica un canal catiònic permeable per calci, a través d’anàlisis de seqüenciació de l’exoma complet, RVAS i reseqüenciació dirigida. A més, hem observat una sobrerepresentació de gens enriquits en variants rares en casos de TOC relacionats amb la senyalització de calci. Els estudis de transcriptòmica han identificat una expressió diferencial de gens involucrats en el desenvolupament i la funció neuronal en els pacients de TOC. La integració dels resultats dels nostres estudis de RVAS i transcriptòmica també revelen un possible paper de les semaforines i del guiatge axonal al TOC. Finalment, els estudis de metagenòmica han confirmat el increment prèviament reportat de la família bacterial Rikenellaceae en el microbioma intestinal i han mostrat una relació significativa més alta d’Actinobacteris/Fusobacteris en el microbioma de l’orofaringe dels pacients de TOC. Els nostres resultats fomenten activament la recerca en aquestes àrees.
Farrell, Lara J. y n/a. "Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Across the Developmental Trajectory: Clinical Correlates and Cognitive Processing of Threat". Griffith University. School of Applied Psychology, 2004. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20040513.132648.
Texto completoFarrell, Lara J. "Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Across the Developmental Trajectory: Clinical Correlates and Cognitive Processing of Threat". Thesis, Griffith University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366531.
Texto completoThesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Applied Psychology (Health)
Full Text
Kelly, Jeremy MacLaren. "Exploring Retrospective Biases In Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: An Experience-Sampling Study". OpenSIUC, 2017. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2212.
Texto completoDuba, Sauerheber Jill y James Robert Bitter. "Anxiety and Obsessive Compulsive Disorders". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5222.
Texto completoMcKenzie, Matthew L. "Investigating the role of Emotion Regulation in paediatric Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD): associations with symptoms and treatment response". Thesis, Griffith University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/389848.
Texto completoThesis (Professional Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy in Clinical Psychology (PhD ClinPsych)
School of Applied Psychology
Griffith Health
Full Text