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1
Clement, Sarah. "Women's occupational choice and entry into male-dominated occupations". Thesis, Goldsmiths College (University of London), 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.296410.
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Cortés, Guido Matías. "Essays on the task content of occupations and occupational mobility". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/42796.
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This dissertation studies the effects of technological change on workers' occupational choices and wages, as well as the human capital costs associated with occupational transitions. The first part of the dissertation focuses on the interaction between technological change and tasks. Over the past three decades technological improvements have led to a dramatic reduction in the employment share of occupations with a high content of routine tasks in the United States and other developed countries. This dissertation provides a novel perspective on this phenomenon by focusing on the individual-level effects of this type of technological change in terms of occupational switching patterns and wage changes. I formalize the predicted effects within the context of a model of occupational sorting based on comparative advantage, and I test them using data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) from 1976 to 2007. Consistent with the predictions of the model, I find strong evidence of selection on ability in the occupational mobility patterns of workers in routine occupations, with those of relatively high (low) ability switching to non-routine cognitive (non-routine manual) occupations. In terms of wage growth, also consistent with the prediction of the model, workers in routine jobs experience significant declines in their wage premia relative to workers in any other type of occupation. Switchers from routine to either type of non-routine job (cognitive or manual) experience significantly higher wage growth than stayers over long-run horizons. The second portion of the dissertation analyzes the role of the task content of occupations. I develop a measure of task distance between occupation pairs and study its impacts from two different perspectives: At a microeconomic level, I analyze the wage changes for workers experiencing occupational transitions of different distances. At a macroeconomic level, I analyze the impacts of task distance on the aggregate flows of workers across occupations. The aggregate-level evidence suggests that the cost of switching occupations is increasing in distance, but only for switches occurring across broad occupation groups. The individual-level evidence suggests that there is a negative correlation between wage changes and distance, but only for certain subsets of workers.
3
Rotolo, Thomas. "Occupational ecology: An evolutionary theory of the social composition of occupations". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/187392.
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What accounts for shifts in the social composition of occupational groups? I demonstrate that the previous literature concerning the sociodemographic composition of occupations fails to satisfy a set of five criteria: (1) The Theory criterion (the study must be grounded in theory); (2) The Dynamic criterion (social composition must be examined over time); (3) The Multivariate criterion (multiple sociodemographic variables must be examined); (4) The Measurement criterion (segregation measures should not be used); (5) The System criterion (all types of occupational groups should be considered). This study fulfills these criteria by adapting a general ecological theory of competition from McPherson (1983) to model the social composition of occupations over time. The model assumes that the individual's social network mediates occupational outcomes and that social network ties are homophilous; the probability that any two individuals share a network connection is a function of their similarity. As occupational groups attract new members from existing network ties, these groups develop distinct sociodemographic niches in social space (e.g. in age, education, etc.). If two groups compete for individuals with similar sociodemographic characteristics, then their niches overlap. The competitive mechanism generates three testable dynamic hypotheses about shifts in the social composition of occupational groups. The first dynamic hypothesis posits that occupations move their niches (attract new associates with different sociodemographic characteristics) in response to competitive pressures produced from niche overlap (the movement hypothesis). The second dynamic hypothesis suggests that occupations increase and decrease in diversity in response to competitive pressures at the niche edges (the diversity hypothesis). The third dynamic hypothesis predicts that competitive pressures inside the niche produce growth and decline in occupational size (the growth hypothesis). I test the hypothesis with the Current Population Survey Annual Demographic Files, 1972-1989. I examine changes in movement, dispersion, and size in unidimensional social space (age and education), and multidimensional social space (age-race, age-sex, education-race, education-sex, and age-education for movement and dispersion only). I test the model in two separate time series (1972-1982 and 1983-1989), using two different occupational classification schemes. The data strongly support the movement and growth hypotheses.
4
Reed, Kirk. "Resituating the meaning of occupation in the context of living". Click here to access this resource online, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/398.
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This study explores the meaning of occupation, defined as a “conceptual entity… [which] includes all the things that people do in their everyday life” (Sundkvist & Zingmark, 2003, p. 40). Using a phenomenological hermeneutic method informed by the writings of Martin Heidegger (1889-1976) and Hans-Georg Gadamer (1900-2002), this study provides an understanding of the meaning of occupation interpreted from the perspective of 12 New Zealand adults who experienced a disruption to their occupations. The review of the literature suggests that early writers from the time of the Bible identified that occupation is not ‘wide open’, there are many factors that shape how and when a person engages in an occupation, which in turn shapes the meaning of occupation. Within the occupational therapy literature, discussion of the meaning of occupation is overshadowed by describing and defending practice. In occupational science scholars and researchers have focused largely on understanding occupation from a conceptual perspective rather than the ontological meaning of occupation. The exploration of the meaning of occupation is being advanced by only a few. In this study participants told their stories about their occupations. Data were analysed by indentifying key themes and engaging in a hermeneutic thinking process of going back to the work of Heidegger and Gadamer. Writing and re-writing was the method used to bring new understandings to the data. The findings of this thesis suggest that the meaning of occupation is complex, and tends to remain hidden. Analysis focuses on the call, Being-with, and possibilities. The call to occupation seems to be in response to what it is we care about or what concerns us. Being-with others while engaging in an occupation creates a bond and mood; the meaning of occupation changes depending on who the occupation is done with or without. The meaning of occupation is also revealed in the possibilities that are opened up or closed down. Occupation shows both ourselves and others what it is we are capable of in the journey of who it is we are becoming. Each of these facets of meaning work in unison and can be likened to three cogs in a wheel, each interconnected with the others. The thesis concludes by recognising that not all voices have been heard and argues for uncovering more about the meaning of occupation from the perspective of lived experience. A challenge is made to consider the meaning of occupation not as something that is individually derived but as something that is connected to the broader context of the world and others in the world.
5
Swift, Henry Spencer. "The spatial clustering of occupations". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/90134.
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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Economics, 2014."June 2014." Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 42-44).
Workers in similar occupations cluster, much like firms in similar industries. This may be due to firm clustering, but I propose a supply-side mechanism that may also provide an explanation. When workers face a risk of separation from a particular job, they will consider the other jobs available in a particular area in their location decision. Based on this theory I make three predictions. Workers will tend to cluster in areas where their skills are in high demand. They will be paid less in these areas, ceteris paribus. And demand shocks will affect workers' wages less, and employment more, in areas where their skills are in high demand. I test this mechanism using data from the decennial U.S. Census. I use O*NET data on occupational tasks to construct a measure of occupational distance. I then estimate labor supply curves to determine to test the predictions of the theory. I do not find substantial evidence for this mechanism.
by Henry Spencer Swift.
S.M.
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Lindstedt, Helena. "Daily Occupations in Mentally Disordered Offenders in Sweden : Exploring Occupational Performance and Social Participating". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-6231.
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The major aim was to explore perceived daily occupations in mentally disordered offenders (MDO) through occupational performance (OP) and social participation (SP) with descriptive, comparative and longitudinal designs. The 74 consecutively included MDOs were visited onsite for data collection. The following assessments were used: Capability to Perform Daily Occupation, Self-efficacy Scale, Importance scale, Allen Cognitive Level Screen, Interview Schedule for Social Interaction, Manchester Short Assessment of Quality of Life, Psycho/social and Environmental Problems, Global Assessment of Functioning Scale, assessment of Support and Service for Persons with Certain Functional Impairments and Karolinska Scales of Personality. Background factors were assembled from the individual forensic psychiatric investigation. The results indicate that MDOs had contradictive problems in OP, SP and lack of disability awareness. The MDOs and professionals had different appraisals of the MDOs’ OP and SP. Schizophrenic MDOs need substantial support for community dwelling. MDOs with psychopathic personality traits had more problems during upbringing, however, no perceived problems in OP and SP compared to the remaining group. Low Socialization, high Anxiety and psychopathy personality traits partially influenced perceived OP and SP. After one year of forensic psychiatric care, 60 % were still hospitalized and 32 % were community dwelling. Changes after one year of care consisted of higher satisfaction of OP and SP, 1/36 subject valued daily occupations higher and 5/36 subjects reported better social interaction. Although, there are some methodological weaknesses in this thesis (e.g. high attrition rate), the unique results should be taken into consideration. It is concluded that MDOs’ appraisal of their own capability has to be taken seriously in treatment and care. Also long treatment periods, targeting daily occupations from start and providing substantial individual support are necessary for successful transition into community dwelling for MDOs. This thesis contributes to extended knowledge of the MDOs’ daily occupations.
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Lindstedt, Helena. "Daily occupations in mentally disordered offenders in Sweden : exploring occupational performance and social participating /". Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-6231.
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Brown, Robert S. (Robert Stephen) 1973. "Contingent [re]occupations : residual urban morphologies". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/64909.
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Thesis (M.Arch.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2001.Includes bibliographical references (p. 65-67).
This thesis aims at establishing a dialogs between urban algorithms and individual space in Boston's Back Bay. Using the vehicle of typology as a basis, unit alteration and reprogramming are explored as urban systems. The design implications of introducing these altered forms of domestic morphology into existing urban housing environments are the basis of this thesis. Titled by this proposal as "secondary occupations," it is into the site of Boston's Back Bay as a collective prototype that these proposals of domesticity are placed. The basis of research is a mapping of the development of the Back Bay in terms of the "individual". This rationalization starts at the scale of the housing unit or cell, then the building, the block, and ultimately the district. Secondarily, the reintroduction of the contemporary inhabitant into this region is analyzed in terms of its possible occupation and use. At the urban scale, existing structuring rules of the city form are determined through mapping locational factors and development patterns. The alteration and analysis of these patterns becomes a locational and programmatic tool for future occupancy. Through this mapping, a series of derivative interventions in the urban fabric emerge. These are based on the primary usages of work/domesticity through which the individual inhabits the city. Urban issues of public vs. private and ownership vs. concurrency become the languages of this occupation. Programmatically, these occupations mediate the constraints of the automobile and existing visual fields. Typologically, the morphological systems of the Back Bay become reoccupied by secondary structures of flexible spaces and movable domestic prototypes.
by Robert S. Brown, III.
M.Arch.
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DeWitt, James E. "Math requirements to perform selected occupations". Diss., Virginia Tech, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40329.
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Mukuni, Joseph Siloka. "Portability of Technical Skills Across Occupations". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/37513.
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In the literature, much has been reported about skill shortages in the labor market and many solutions have been suggested but most of them do not appear to work well for developing countries. This study investigated the place of portable technical skills as an option for addressing skill shortages, particularly in developing countries. The objective of the study was to determine whether different occupations have portable technical skills, which graduates of workforce development programs can carry with them as they transfer from one occupation to another. Although in the literature the importance of portable skills has been recognized, research has tended to focus on the portability of soft skills such as communication and problem-solving. This study is unique in that in addition to soft skills, it explores the existence and usefulness of portable technical skills such as maintenance of equipment and use of hand tools.
The study methodology comprised analysis of documents followed by focus group discussions with instructors and employers. The researcher examined competency lists drawn from three different occupational clusters, taking three occupations in each cluster. Analysis of correlation between pairs of occupations in each cluster revealed the existence of portable technical skills within occupational clusters. For example, within the Mechanical Engineering cluster, there were 504 technical skills that Fitting and Machining had in common. Furthermore, the study discovered 152 technical skills that were portable across all the occupations in the sample.
According to an instructorsâ focus group, one of the pedagogical implications of the findings of this study was that training institutions could promote inter-disciplinary collaboration through joint preparation of syllabi and team-teaching.
An employersâ focus group confirmed that portable technical skills have long been used effectively and efficiently in the Informal Micro-Enterprise sector and training providers should, therefore, promote the teaching of portable technical skills with special emphases on entrepreneurship development to make students more flexible in their career development.
In addition to policy recommendations for the promotion of portable technical skills, the study recommends that further studies should be done to determine the full extent of portable technical skills across a wider range of occupations.Ph. D.
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Keller, Elisa. "Essays on schooling, occupations, and earnings". Diss., University of Iowa, 2013. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2541.
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This thesis consists of two chapters. The first chapter investigates the causes of the recent slowdown in college attainment in the United States. The second chapter studies the gender wage gap by occupational complexity.
For white males born in the United States after 1950, there is a stagnation in the fraction of high school graduates that go on to complete a four-year college degree. At the same time, across successive cohorts, those with a four year-college degree achieve increasingly higher lifetime earnings than those with a high school degree. What caused this phenomenon? I formulate a life-cycle model of human capital accumulation in college and on the job, where successive cohorts decide whether or not to acquire a college degree as well as the quality of their college education. Cohorts differ by the sequence of rental price per unit of human capital they face. My model reproduces the observed pattern in college attainment for the 1920 to 1970 birth cohorts. The stagnation in college attainment is due to the decrease in the growth rate of the rental price per unit of human capital commencing in the 1970s. My model also generates 79% of the increase in earnings for college graduates relative to those for high school graduates. Part of this increase is reinforced by a stronger association between college and ability.
Female to male wages are U-shaped across occupations ordered by increasing complexity, where complexity is defined as the ratio of abstract to manual tasks content. The U-shape flattens over the lifecycle and across successive cohorts. I develop an occupational choice model with learning by doing on the job. Male and female individuals differ by their level of skill. Occupations differ by the skill required to perform and the marginal product of skill. The model reproduces the gender wage gap across occupations for cohorts born between 1915 and 1955 in the United States. The small work experience of females relative to that of males decreases female wages disproportionately across occupations and influences female occupational selection. I find that 69% of the lifecycle gender wage gap is attributable to work experience. Removing differences in work experience between genders results in a larger fraction of females choosing occupations for which the gender wage differential is smaller.
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Holmes, Jeanne Joanne. "Office occupations/word processing curriculum guide". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1997. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1545.
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The purpose of this project is to design a new course outline for the Office Occupations/Word Processing course for high school and adult students. Specifically, the course outline will serve students who are at least 16 years old. The content of the course consists of interpersonal and communication skills, hardware/software management, text editing concepts and skills, clerical skills, job search skills, data entry and database, information processing, and telecommunication skills.
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Wilcock, Ann Allart. "The relationship between occupation and health : implications for occupational therapy and public health /". Title page, contents and abstract only, 1996. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phw667.pdf.
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Jepp, Timothy Robert. "Formal task differences between gender-dominated occupations". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0006/MQ36615.pdf.
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Ayora, Díaz Steffan Igor. "Representations and occupations : shepherds' choices in Sardinia". Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=41092.
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In Telemula, a highland village of Sardinia, Italy, the concept of 'modernity' has been assigned a positive moral meaning which is used in opposition to the concept of 'tradition'. This dissertation examines the phenomenological dimension of strategic repositionings deployed by local people, as they strive to represent themselves as persone brave (good persons). Alternative representations of shepherds carry different moral connotations. Villagers who have to decide whether or not to become, or to continue to be shepherds, also wish to represent themselves positively. Thus, they manipulate the meanings which had been originally ascribed by national and supranational agencies, but that currently form part of the locals' world-views. In consequence, individuals participate in the multiplication of life-worlds and codes of meaning that they use in organising their own perceptions of life events and reflexive experience of self.
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Silva, Mary Kathleen. "Accreditation, knowledge and strategies of professionalizing occupations". Adobe Acrobat reader required to view the full dissertation, 2000. http://www.etda.libraries.psu.edu/theses/approved/WorldWideIndex/ETD-32/index.html.
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Kansu, Hazal Mine. "Artificial intelligence impact on occupations and workforce". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/124594.
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Thesis: S.M. in Technology and Policy, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, Institute for Data, Systems, and Society, 2019Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 72-76).
Recent developments in machine learning (ML) have persuaded researchers that automated technologies without human intervention may transform occupations across the economy. My research seeks to assess how and where ML will affect the workforce. I extend the ideas of Brynjolfsson, Mitchell, and Rock (2018), who assess each task in the economy for its Suitability for Machine Learning (SML). This paper builds on their summary statistics to provide a more detailed analysis of where ML is likely to have its greatest impact in the economy. Combining their technological suitability data with labor market data, this paper suggests a policy model for better planning labor mobility and allocation of human resources in the face of upcoming technological changes.
by Hazal Mine Kansu.
S.M. in Technology and Policy
S.M.inTechnologyandPolicy Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, Institute for Data, Systems, and Society
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Werner, Elizabeth. "Families, children with autism and everyday occupations". Diss., NSUWorks, 2000. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/hpd_ot_student_dissertations/28.
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Fairman, Joyce Johnson. "Career and technical education: General office occupations". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2005. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2795.
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Develops a culturally and linguistically sensitive curriculum that provides unskilled and underemployed African Americans living in San Bernardino County with vocational education for technical and office occupations. This project will operate as a resource for teachers, counselors, and trainers who assist unskilled African Americans entering the workplace and that are in need of career and professional development in office protocol, computer software applications, and verbal and written communication skills.
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Squillace, Mary. "Fine Motor Skills and the Occupations of Young Adults with Multiple Sclerosis". Diss., NSUWorks, 2018. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/hpd_ot_student_dissertations/62.
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Objective: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the most common neurological diseases affecting adults of working age, and those of younger ages of onset have been increasingly recognized. Twenty-seven percent of people with MS (PwMS) are age 30 years old or younger. The burden of MS for young adults puts them at risk for poorer outcomes regarding their education, family planning, vocation, and social skills as they transition to adulthood. Fine motor (FM) skill impairment might impede performance within the daily occupations of young adults who are transitioning into adulthood. Few studies focus on the occupations and occupational performance of younger adults with MS. Method: Forty participants with MS between the ages of 18 to 30 were recruited to participate in a study. Two standardized measures were used to identify possible FM dexterity deficits and one standardized self-report was used to measure the perceived satisfaction and performance of occupations for this population. A semi-structured interview was conducted with a subgroup of 18 participants to understand the lived experiences of young adults with MS (YAwMS) and their FM performance during their occupations. Results: With quantitative and qualitative analysis, a relationship was suggested between FM scores and both perceived performance and satisfaction scores of an adapted performance measure. Conclusion: Young adults with MS perceive difficulties with occupations that are influenced by their FM status. It is recommended that occupational therapy professionals consider the motor skill needed to perform and complete occupations that specifically require FM skills.
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Taylor, Richard Lawrence. "Occupational Bias in Performance Appraisals". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29454.
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This dissertation investigates the question: are mission critical occupations more favored than other occupations in performance appraisals in pay pools? While many types of bias in performance appraisals occur, such as gender or race, occupational bias--favoring or showing preference for one occupation over another in performance appraisals and subsequent ratings-- has not been fully examined. There is a lack of empirical evidence that addresses occupational bias in performance appraisal and ratings in the Federal civil service sector, and more specifically the Department of Defense. The importance of occupational bias in performance appraisals is seen in the cost to organization and taxpayer, the degradation to fairness and trust in the workplace, and the erosion of organizational values.
The methodology used to address this dissertationâ s hypothesis is a quantitative-qualitative inquiry that investigates performance ratings of the engineering occupational series within three Department of Defense (DOD) engineering agencies. The methodology is comprised of three parts: quantitative analysis of pay pool rating data and qualitative analysis of archived documents and expert interviews. Each part of the methodology is intended to be mutually supportive.
The quantitative analysis yields a null finding of the hypothesis based on two findings. First, indicators of occupational bias were not found using differences of average occupational performance ratings between engineers and other occupations in three DOD engineering organizations. Second, Fiscal Year 2008 engineer occupational series performance ratings in three Department of Defense engineering agencies did not show statistically significant differences when compared to occupations such as personnel management specialists and accountants. This may be due to privacy act limitations in the data set used. Anecdotal evidence of preferences for mission critical occupations in performance appraisals and ratings was found to support the hypothesis.Ph. D.
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Taylor, J. "The construction of identities through narratives of occupations". Thesis, University of Salford, 2008. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/1946/.
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Occupational therapists believe that identity is shaped by engagement in occupations but this relationship has yet to be fully understood. This thesis is an account of a study which aimed to investigate how narratives told about occupations contribute to the construction of identity. Narratives, extracted from interviews with 17 leisure enthusiasts, were subject to systematic analysis of content, form and interactive elements. This was based on an understanding that identity is expressed in the meanings attributed to the events told in a narrative. The meanings were used to construct a framework which provides a basis for conceptualising the ‘occupied self’. The framework is organised around three dimensions. The dimension of the ‘active self’ enables people to present themselves in terms of morality, competence and agency. The ‘located self’ enables them to present a sense of location in time, place, society and the body. The ‘changing self’ enables the individual to present the self as changing in itself and in relation to occupation. These facets of the self are manifested and foregrounded differently by each individual. Based on a narrative perspective, the framework provides a unique and useful theoretical development, structuring and enhancing what is currently understood about the relationship between occupation and identity. The findings of the research contribute to the debate about how occupation is defined and how the meanings of occupations are understood. Other implications are also explored in the thesis. The framework offers practitioners a structured way of understanding the ways in which occupation can contribute therapeutically in the reconstruction of damaged identities. The method of analysing narratives used in this study has much to offer in understanding occupational engagement. Further research is needed to understand the various manifestations of the parts of the framework, and to explore its potential for use as a practice tool.
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Harbison, Stephen Casey. "Evaluation of Pulmonary Risks Associated with Selected Occupations". Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4687.
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Occupational health surveillance programs are designed to evaluate and reduce injury, illness, and deaths related to workplace hazards. In the state of Florida, there are numerous industries where workers are potentially exposed to airborne hazards from gases, vapors and dusts. Airborne occupational exposures to irritants, vesicants, and fibrogens have the potential to cause pulmonary function impairment if exposures are not properly controlled for high-level acute exposure as well as chronic exposure. For occupations that demand workers be exposed to substances known to be associated with pulmonary function impairment, respirators may be a principal method for exposure
control. OSHA requires pulmonary function testing for specific substances and it is a best practice that is utilized in a majority of occupational settings and is typically included in an organizations respiratory protection program. A literature review identified that boat manufacturing, utilities, and first responders in the State of Florida have the potential for increased pulmonary impairment amongst workers. This research demonstrated the feasibility of using pulmonary function data collected for the purposes of compliance and/or best practices for workers who use respiratory protection because they are potentially exposed to pulmonary toxicants in the workplace. This research did not identify any pulmonary function deficits in the target occupational populations and it demonstrated that in most cases, the study populations had modestly superior pulmonary function compared to a baseline population.
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Macdonald, Keith M. "The sociology of the professions and other occupations". Thesis, University of Surrey, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.257157.
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Karle, Joseph Bernard. "No Half Measures Power Vacuums and Military Occupations". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/99309.
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This project analyzes the relationship between military occupations and power vacuums. Specifically, it seeks to understand why some military occupations result in power vacuums while others do not. Pundits and policymakers have written extensively about the possibilities that the end of US occupations might yield dangerous power vacuums. These vacuums would create regional turmoil by inviting hostile actors and causing state failure. Based on these assumptions, many commentators caution against the withdrawal of forces.
But what exactly is fearful about a power vacuum remains unclear. The concept of a power vacuum lacks defined parameters and scope, and why military occupations might lead to power vacuums is unknown. Much of the current analysis derives from familiar and recent cases of occupations of Iraq and Afghanistan. David Edelstein has the most comprehensive work on military occupations, but his work does not directly address the outcome of power vacuums. This project uses a mix multimethod research design to examine which factors cause power vacuums to emerge following occupations. It uses a comprehensive dataset of occupations since 1943. It will begin with a medium-n QCA and then proceed with case studies. The ultimate goal is to identify the conditions likely to lead to power vacuums and develop policy recommendations about how to avoid them.
This project theorizes that a high level of economic destruction inflicted by the occupying military is a necessary condition for the absence of a power vacuum in the occupied territory. Shortened, this project calls this theory total destruction equals total buy-in. High levels of economic destruction inflicted by the occupier pacify the occupied population, while simultaneously delegitimizing the occupied state's previous regime. High economic destruction, which is defined as the decline of a state's per-capita GDP and overall population, is not the sole factor in preventing a power vacuum. Combinations of other conditions help influence the advent or absence of a power vacuum, but economic destruction inflicted by the occupier is the only condition that must be present in order to prevent a power vacuum.Doctor of Philosophy
This project examines how, when, and why power vacuums emerge at the end of military occupations. Power vacuums evoke fear from pundits and policymakers, as hostile actors can exploit power vacuums to sow instability. Yet there remains no clear definition of what constitutes a power vacuums or substantive research on their etiology and impact. Policy discussions typically look to recent US experience in Iraq and Afghanistan to evaluate how the end of military engagement and occupation can create power vacuums. Thus risk of a power vacuum is often cited as justification to prolong military operations. To rectify this, this project will complete a replication and extension using David Edelstein's seminal dataset on military occupations. The dataset includes well-known cases such as the Allied occupations of Western Germany and Japan and lesser-known occupations like the Vietnamese occupation of Cambodia. Using a combination of within-case process tracing and Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA), the project seeks to elucidate what combination of conditions generate power vacuums following military occupations. The theory this project argues is that a high level of economic destruction inflicted by the occupying military is a necessary condition for the absence of a power vacuum in the occupied territory. The crux of this theory is that occupiers that engage in protracted conflict, inflicting widespread damage on a state before occupying it, are more likely to prevent a power vacuum from occurring. This widespread damage creates "breathing space" for the occupier to establish indigenous security forces (ISF) and a friendly government without having to worry about nationalist resistance from the occupied population.
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Sonnie, Waheeda. "Exploring the impact of rape on women's occupations". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/25801.
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This qualitative study, with elements of co-operative enquiry and phenomenology, endeavoured to describe the impact of rape on the occupations of women who have been raped. Data were gathered from participants who were clients at Rape Crisis, Observatory, through 4 unstructured focus groups and analyses to explore changes in their occupations. What emerged was that the participants were all dissatisfied with their occupations. The overwhelming impact of symptoms of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) on all their occupations was discussed. A dynamic between Person, Occupation and Environment impacted on the occupational engagement and avoidance by the participant. Recommendations for the rape survivors, service providers and family members were made.
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Brown, Stacy D. "A Case-Based Toxicology Module on Agricultural- and Mining-Related Occupational Exposures". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://doi.org/10.5688/ajpe767136.
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Objective. To develop and assess a toxicology module to teach pharmacy students about farming- and mining-related occupational exposures in the context of an existing toxicology elective course.
Design. A teaching unit that included lectures and case studies was developed to address the unique occupational exposures of patients working in agricultural and mining environments. Upon completion of this 4-hour (2 class periods) module, students were expected to recognize the clinical signs and symptoms associated with these occupational exposures and propose acceptable therapeutic plans.
Assessment. After completing the module, students scored significantly higher on a patient case involving suicide resulting from pesticide consumption. Seventy-three percent of the students scored higher than 90% on a 33-item multiple-choice examination. Eighty-two percent of students were able to correctly read a product label to determine the type of pesticide involved in an occupational exposure.
Conclusion. Pharmacy students who completed a module on occupation exposure demonstrated competence in distinguishing occupational exposures from each other and from exposure to prescription and nonprescription drugs. This module can be used to educate future pharmacists about occupational health issues, some of which may be more prevalent in a rural setting.
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McCluskey, Phil. "French military occupations of Lorraine and Savoie, 1670-1714". Thesis, St Andrews, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/712.
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Vazquez, Lisandra. "Vertical Occupations in the city center of São Paulo". Thesis, KTH, Urbana och regionala studier, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-217155.
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Vertical Occupations in the City Center of São Paulo has been prepared as part of the Degree Project for the Master in Urbanism Studies course at The Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, Sweden.This Degree Project deals with social housing challenges in the central urban environment of São Paulo, Brazil, narrowing down to an important part of these urban challenges: the occupations of vacant buildings in the city center of São Paulo by social housing movements. Although the theme is part of a wider context, focusing on social occupations is critical to understand how the right to proper housing, and to the city itself, is a paradoxal universe.Vertical Occupations in the City Center of São Paulo é um projeto de Mestrado (MSc) em Urbanismo preparado para Kungliga Tekninska Högskoloan (KTH) em Estocolmo. O trabalho lida com os desafios contemporâneos em habitação social, focando nas ocupações verticais no centro de São Paulo. Embora este tema seja bastante abrangente, ao focar em ocupações no centro da cidade, o projeto critica o direito à cidade e à habitação digna, focando na esfera mais carente da cidade, este expõe um universo um tanto quanto paradoxal.
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Mills, Josephine Mary. "Public occupations, art theory, cultural methodology, and social change". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0015/NQ47692.pdf.
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Rayson, Mark Philip. "The development of selection procedures for physically-demanding occupations". Thesis, University of Birmingham, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.677701.
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Russell, Lisa M. "High Risk Occupations: Employee Stress and Behavior Under Crisis". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2011. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc84269/.
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The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationships between stress and outcomes including organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), job satisfaction, and burnout in high-risk occupations. Moreover, how personality, emotions, coping, and leadership influence this relationship is investigated. Data were collected from 379 officers in 9 police organizations located in the Southern and Southwest United States. The primary research question addressed within this dissertation is: What is the relationship between stress and behavioral and affective outcomes in high-risk occupations as governed by coping, leadership, and crisis? The majority of the hypothesized relationships were supported, and inconsistencies center on methodological and theoretical factors. Findings indicate that occupational stressors negatively influence individuals in high-risk occupations. Moreover, crisis events exacerbate these influences. The use of adaptive coping strategies is most effective under conditions of low stress, but less so under highly stressful circumstances. Similarly, transformational leader behaviors most effectively influence how individuals in high-risk occupations are affected by lower, but not higher levels of stress. Profiles of personality characteristics and levels of emotional dissonance also influence the chosen coping strategies of those working in high-risk occupations. Prescriptively, it is important to understand the influences among the variables assessed in this study, because negative outcomes in high-risk occupations are potentially more harmful to workers and more costly to organizations. Thus, this dissertation answers the research question, but much work in this area remains to be done.
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Eriksson, Gunilla. "Occupational gaps after acquired brain injury : an exploration of participation in everyday occupations and the relation to life satisfaction /". Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2007. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2007/978-91-7357-422-8/.
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Wells, Gemma. "Older women as occupational beings : exploring the meanings of occupations within the home environment for older women living alone". Thesis, Canterbury Christ Church University, 2017. http://create.canterbury.ac.uk/16841/.
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There is a discrepancy between the life expectancy of men and women of approximately two and a half years (Taylor Nelson Sofres 2014). This suggests that women are likely to spend a period of time in the latter years of their life living alone. It is anticipated that this will lead to a unique experience of later life for women, which to date has received little attention. This study is concerned with exploring the experience of living alone for 11 women aged 70-80 years from the South East of England. A particular emphasis is placed upon the experience of being an older woman, the activities that they engage in when they are at home alone, and the environment of home as a place for occupational engagement. Influenced by interpretive phenomenology and feminist principles, this study focuses on capturing the lived experiences of the 11 women in their own images and words. To achieve this, the methods of unstructured interviews and photo-elicitation are used. The women in this study describe a predominantly positive experience of living alone in later life. They value being busy, engage in a range of meaningful activities, and maintain their independence in everyday life. They provide compelling evidence that later life is a time for self-growth and development. This appears to link to the decline in the gender related roles and occupations which are expected of them in later life. This indicates that it is essential to provide bespoke support to older women that focuses on prevention of future decline but in a way that values their ongoing abilities.
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Molineux, Matthew Lorenz. "The occupational careers of men living with HIV infection in the United Kingdom : insights into engaging in and orchestrating occupations /". [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2005. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe19401.pdf.
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Križaj, Tanja. "An exploration of Slovenian older people's occupations and the influence of transition into a care home on their occupational engagement". Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/9665.
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This research explored older Slovenians’ occupations, including the ways in which the transition into a care home influenced their occupational engagement. The research encompassed three stages. Stage 1 investigated Slovenian older people’s individual experiences of occupational engagement, with a particular emphasis on their personally meaningful occupations. Stage 2 aimed to enhance understanding of the impact of transition into a care home on older Slovenians’ meaningful occupations. Finally, Stage 3 sought to provide an insight into older people’s occupational engagement in one Slovenian care home. The first two stages of this research took a phenomenological approach; focusing on the participants’ individual experiences of occupational engagement; using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) to approach and analyse the data. Ten older adults were interviewed in Stage 1 and six older adults were interviewed in Stage 2 at three time points: before the relocation into a care home, one month after and six months after the relocation. The final stage was ethnographic in nature; exploring occupational engagement among Slovenian care home residents as a culture-sharing group; using observations for collecting the data and analysing the resulting field notes using Thematic Analysis. The findings consistently highlighted the significance of occupations and routines in participants’ everyday lives as important parts of their identities. The first two stages highlighted the importance of a continuous experience of meaning in occupation, across participants’ lives and throughout their transition into a care home. Some of these meanings were specific to Slovenian socio-cultural, historic and geographical context. The participants especially valued productive occupations such as gardening, family-related occupations such as looking after and passing knowledge to younger generations and occupations related to particular places, such as spending time at their weekend cottages and home surroundings, walking familiar pathways or hiking Slovenian mountains. These Slovenian older adults purposefully engaged in health-promoting occupations in order to maintain their health, in turn influencing their occupational engagement. Since their everyday routines were related to particular places, Stages 2 and 3 highlighted that some of these occupations were disrupted by their new living environment. The care home residents managed this situation by trying to maintain their engagement in occupations that they perceived personally meaningful and enjoyable. This research is foundational in the Slovenian context, with the findings also being transferrable to individuals and contexts outside Slovenia. From exploring the impact of older people’s living environments on their meaningful occupational engagement, the findings contribute original knowledge to occupational science regarding the link between occupation, place, identity and the transactional perspective of occupation. This indicates the need to develop further therapeutic programmes and services for older people making the transition to care home living.
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O'Dea, Richard. "An analysis of information about occupations in Adelaide, 1875-1895 /". Title page, contents and introduction only, 1991. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09aro23.pdf.
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Eliasson, Tove. "Decomposing immigrant wage assimilation : the role of workplaces and occupations". Uppsala universitet, Institutet för bostads- och urbanforskning (IBF), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-200531.
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This article uses a matched employer-employee panel data of the Swedish labor market to study immigrant wage assimilation, decomposing the wage catch-up into parts which can be attributed to relative wage growth within and between workplaces and occupations. This study shows that failing to control for selection into employment when studying wage assimilation of immigrants is very likely to under-estimate wage catch-up. The results further show that both poorly and highly educated immigrants catch up through relative wage growth within workplaces and occupations, suggesting that employer-specic learning plays an important role for the wage catch-up. The highly educated suers from not beneting from occupational mobility as much as the natives do. This could be interpreted as a lack of access to the full range of occupations, possibly explained by di-culties in signaling specic skills
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Lauzon, Claudette. "Precarious occupations: the fragile figure of home in contemporary art". Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=66805.
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This dissertation addresses contemporary art's capacity to facilitate ethical encounters with the suffering of others. Arguing that any effort to understand how trauma marks the present must also recognize ours as an age in which "home," particularly for those vulnerable to contingency (the exile, the migrant, the asylum seeker, the homeless), can no longer accommodate its presumed status as a stable haven from the troubled world, I identify and analyze a select group of contemporary artists who seek to mediate legacies and conditions of trauma through representations or evocations of the fractured, fragile, or otherwise unsettled home. In the practices of Krzysztof Wodiczko, Santiago Sierra, Doris Salcedo, Alfredo Jaar, Emily Jacir, Ursula Biemann, Yto Barrada, Tony Labat, and Mona Hatoum, I suggest, loss is represented as an "unhomely" experience and home is imagined and remembered as a site of provisionality, a lost territory of belonging, and a tenuously sustained but tenaciously held memory. Drawing on but also challenging the assumptions of psychoanalytically-informed trauma studies, I furthermore suggest that these practices harness the constructive and creative nature of melancholic attachment to loss in order to facilitate recognition of both the material nature of loss and the universality of human vulnerability. I propose that the fragile figuration of home, which I theorize as an "unhomely" aesthetic, has a twofold function: first, to construct (literally or figuratively) a material structure around loss that preempts the cathartic resolution of unresolved situations; and second, to imagine this material structure as a liminal space of unresolved trauma that articulates the fragility of self-other relations and, in the process, transforms home into a potential site for empathetic engagements with the suffering of others. In the process, these artists provide critical insights into how we mighCette thèse aborde la capacité qu'a l'art contemporain de faciliter des rencontres éthiques avec la souffrance des autres. En tentant de saisir la manière dont le traumatisme marque le présent, il nous incombe de constater que le « domicile » à notre époque, particulièrement pour ceux vulnérables aux imprévus (l'exilé, le migrant, le demandeur d'asile, le sans-abri) n'a plus la stabilité nécessaire pour pouvoir soutenir son statut traditionnel de refuge au sein d'un monde perturbant. Dans cet esprit, cet ouvrage identifie et analyse le travail d'un nombre d'artistes contemporains cherchant à négocier les conditions et les héritages du traumatisme à travers de multiples représentations ou évocations d'un domicile fracturé, fragile ou autrement déstabilisé. Son corpus est donc précis, incluant le travail de Krzysztof Wodiczko, Santiago Sierra, Doris Salcedo, Alfredo Jaar, Emily Jacir, Ursula Biemann, Yto Barrada, Tony Labat, et Mona Hatoum. Je propose que la notion de perte est représentée dans ces œuvres comme expérience de « l'abri inquiet » (unhomely) et que le domicile est imag(in)é en tant que site provisoire, un territoire d'appartenance perdu, un souvenir qui persiste obstinément malgré son caractère précaire. M'appuyant (tout en les contestant) sur les théories psychanalytiques du traumatisme, je soutiens que ces pratiques artistiques exploitent l'attachement mélancolique à la perte dans sa dimension constructive et créatrice afin de mieux saisir la nature matérielle de celle-ci ainsi que l'universalité de la vulnérabilité humaine. Je propose d'examiner la figuration fragile du domicile, que je théorise en tant qu'esthétique de « l'abri inquiet », sous ses deux fonctions. D'abord, sa capacité de constituer (au sens propre ou figuré) une structure matérielle autour de la perte qui anticipe une résolution cathartique de situations irrésolues. Mais$
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Bedu-Addo, Paul Kobina Annan. "Work-family interference among Ghanaian women in higher status occupations". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2010. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11529/.
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Work-family interference (WFI) is becoming one of the principal hazards to occupational health, family satisfaction, well-being and job satisfaction in the 21st century, especially among women professionals. With obvious increases in female participation within the upper echelons of the labour force both in the developed and developing world (Wirth, 2000); the need to effectively combine work and family roles has become quite a critical issue in occupational and organisational psychology, as well as family studies. Thus identifying and assessing the nature and amount of work-family interference experienced by women professionals and the damage it causes to women’s well-being, organisational productivity, family cohesion and job satisfaction are therefore important questions for applied psychology. So too is the identification of whatever might attenuate or exacerbate the scale of WFI or its negative impact. Such fundamental knowledge has a vital role in informing action and intervention to improve the occupational, as well as family health of women professionals especially in emerging economies like Ghana. This thesis is built around three separate studies conducted among Ghanaian professional and their spouses, using face-to-face interviews, open-ended questionnaires and structured questionnaires. A number of research questions and hypotheses have been addressed in this research. Findings showed that women generally experience work-related stress and work family interference. However receipt of quality supervisor support moderates their experience of work-related stress whiles quality spouse and child support attenuates their experience of work-family interference. Additionally, work-family interference only affected women’s feeling of worn out and tense, but not family satisfaction or job satisfaction. Finally the findings of this research have highlighted the need of using mixed methods in organisational research in developing countries especially where published studies are lacking locally.
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Pinto, Sanjay Joseph. "Nations and Occupations: Remapping the Macro Political Economy of Work". Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10465.
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Cross-national comparative approaches have yielded a rich set of insights about the diversity of national forms of contemporary capitalism, including the ways in which the organization of work and employment differs across countries. At the same time, the cross-national framework has also functioned in certain respects as a conceptual straitjacket, preventing us from recognizing alternative structuring principles in the macro context, and the existence of patterns that cut across national boundaries. The five papers that comprise this dissertation together seek to advance a dual agenda for advancing the macro-comparative study of work and employment, one that recognizes both the strengths and limitations of the cross-national framework. Looking at different sets of high- and middle-income countries, the papers use various statistical methods (including OLS and cross-classified multilevel regression models) to consider outcomes ranging from union organization to unemployment to non-standard working arrangements. On the one hand, this project offers new insights into the cross-national diversity of systems of work and employment. For example, one paper adds to our understanding of why rates of temporary employment vary so widely across national varieties of capitalism, and the reasons why increases in temporary employment have been so high in Continental European countries. On the other hand, the project also shows that certain features of work organization are structured more by occupational as opposed national distinctions, with particular occupational patterns extending across countries. Indeed, one paper demonstrates that patterns of "voluntary" as well as "involuntary" part-time employment vary much more along occupational as opposed to national lines, and that rates of part-time employment are not just high but remarkably uniform across countries for certain kinds of service workers. These and other findings from this dissertation add to our understanding of how national boundaries structure the landscape of work and employment, while also being cross-cut in important ways by other types of organizing logics. More broadly, they contribute to the development of a productive middle ground between perspectives that emphasize the persistence of cross-national differences in the organization of contemporary capitalism, and those stress similarities and shared trends.
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Pringle, Eve. "Research and practice : an empirical study of the 'therapy' occupations". Thesis, University of Kent, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.324661.
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Ranganathan, Aruna. "Working with your hands : essays on craft occupations in India". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/90072.
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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2014.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 177-185).
Essay 1 : Professionalization And Market Closure: The Case Of Plumbing In India. Professionalization has long been understood as a process of establishing market closure and monopoly control over work; however, in this article I present a case in which professionalization erodes rather than establishes occupational closure. I demonstrate how the Indian Plumbing Association (IPA), a newly formed organization of internationally trained plumbing contractors and consultants, has used the rhetoric and structures of professionalization to threaten pre-existing ethnicity-based closure enjoyed by traditional plumbers from the eastern state of Orissa. By employing a discourse of professionalism and by instituting codes, training, and certification programs, professionalization in this case has undermined Orissan plumbers by changing the basis of plumbing knowledge and opening entry to outsiders. I conclude by suggesting that professionalization is a modern trope that does not necessarily imply monopoly benefits and higher job quality for all members of an occupational group. Essay 2 : The Price is Right? Ethnographic and Field-Experimental Evidence of Price-Setting from the Sale of Handicraft Products in Southern India. Scholars of economic sociology have shown that sellers often vary prices among different buyers for short-term monetary gains or long-term relational gains, but they have failed to consider how sellers' relationship with their products can affect their price-setting behavior even in the absence of such gains. This paper, by studying how artisans and traders in a wood and lacquerware cluster in India vary prices across buyers, demonstrates the importance of product attachment in understanding price discrimination. Drawing on a field audit study where trained buyers purchase identical products from artisans and traders, the paper documents that artisans of their products beyond the point of sale, even if these buyers are wealthy, in contrast to traders who price in accordance with buyers' willingness-to-pay. These findings are consistent with ethnographic evidence documenting artisans' and traders' varying attachment to their products as indicated by their investment in the products, meaning ascribed to the products and internal standards for the products. By introducing the idea of product attachment, this paper contributes to our understanding of price-setting and economic decision-making more broadly, while also offering a unique methodological model that combines experimental and ethnographic research. Essay 3 : Export-Oriented Industrialization and Technological Frames of Government Officials, Workers and Capitalists: Evidence from a Mechanization Project in India. Export-oriented industrialization (EOI) is a common strategy for economic development in developing economies that can be achieved by increasing exports in large manufacturing sectors or smaller-scale, cluster-based industries. A key component of the EOI strategy, whether in the context of large- or small-scale production, is technological upgrading of manufacturing practices to facilitate exports and boost worker earnings. While the literature has recognized the salience of technological upgrading, it has focused predominantly on successful cases, thus overlooking problems in the implementation and adoption of such technology that could impede exports. In this paper, I draw on an ineffective export-driven mechanization initiative in a handicraft cluster in southern India to illustrate how key stakeholders might adopt incompatible "technological frames" in making sense of new technology, thus hindering the expansion of exports. I describe how government officials in this case viewed the technology brought into the sector through the frame of "status," workers perceived the technology using a "creative control" frame, whereas capitalists saw the same technology as being a source of "profits." These mismatched frames led to discordant actions by the stakeholders, resulting in limited adoption of the technology, weak exports and little improvements in worker earnings. By highlighting a key condition under which export-driven technology projects might fail, namely when key stakeholders' technological frames are misaligned, this paper draws important implications for the many developing economies using EOI as their primary industrialization strategy.
by Aruna Ranganathan.
Ph. D.
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Tantaleán, Henry, Charles Stanish, Kelita Pérez y Alexis Rodríguez. "Paracas And Topará Occupations In Cerro Del Gentil, Chincha Valley". Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2017. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/113465.
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This article presents a synthesis of the principal archaeological evidence obtained during the last three field seasons at the site of Cerro del Gentil in the middle Chincha Valley on Peru’s south coast. Based on these data, we propose the existences of a series of social practices that were conducted at the site. We further explore the implications of these results for understanding the Paracas and Topará occupations in the Chincha valley between the 6th and 2nd centuries BCE.En este artículo, presentamos una síntesis de las principales evidencias arqueológicas recolectadas durante nuestras tres últimas temporadas de investigación en el sitio de Cerro del Gentil, ubicado en el valle medio de Chincha, costa sur del Perú. A partir de estas evidencias, planteamos una serie de prácticas sociales que se habrían dado en este sitio y sus implicancias para la explicación de las ocupaciones humanas asociadas con las tradiciones Paracas y Topará en el valle de Chincha entre los siglos VI y II a.C.
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Fourie, Marion. "Occupations of women living in poverty : an exploratory case study". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/2974.
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Alselaimi, Raneem Abdul Wahab A. "Increasing Saudi women's participation in professional occupations: a Saudi perspective". Thesis, Curtin University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/788.
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This research endeavours to provide a deeper understanding of the Saudi male-dominated system that is embedded in the Saudi social and cultural spheres. In particular, the thesis examines the different layers of meaning interconnected to each other which affect the Saudi system and the system’s ability to provide equal opportunities for both male and female nationals.
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Zuin, Débora Carneiro. "Revisiting the study of occupations : a holistic view of contemporary secretarial work". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/28685.
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This thesis revisits the study of occupations. It proposes a holistic approach for analysing occupations in relation to three dimensions, focusing on the content, the lived-experience and the context of the job as the key elements in framing occupational work. Primacy is given to the job content and how this interacts with lived experience and context. An ethnographically-informed methodology was employed, which included interviews with 9 legal secretaries and 15 medical secretaries in Scotland. Their occupational content was interrogated in terms of their knowledge, skills, qualifications, tasks, task discretion, practice and interpersonal relations. The context of their occupations was examined in relation to their organisational, sectoral and industry location and degree of formal and informal collective organisation. To understand their lived experience, the study investigated their routes into secretarial work, how their work informed and was informed by their personal identity and the outcomes of their efforts. The findings revealed that the work of these secretaries has changed and extended to include an extensive list of tasks and skills. A variation between the work of medical and legal secretaries was discovered in relation to the tasks developed, and a small variation in the kind of knowledge required to undertake their tasks. In part, secretaries did not realise or appreciate the extent of skills they deployed in their jobs, and they exhibited anxieties in relation to forthcoming organisational changes that might affect the work they do. Respondents also demonstrated a degree of conflict and ambiguity in the development of their work. Although having discretion and autonomy to develop their work, secretaries still suffered from conflicting information with and from management. The empirical findings generate valuable information on the labour process and identity of medical and legal secretaries contributing to our understanding of their work. The thesis concludes by assessing the merits of a holistic approach to understanding occupational work.
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McCulloh, Thayne M. "The impact of sex role stereotypes upon occupational preference". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.244716.
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Lazda, Mara Irene. "Gender and totalitarianism Soviet and Nazi occupations of Latvia, 1940--1945 /". [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3167800.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of History, 2005.Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 66-04, Section: A, page: 1467. Adviser: Toivo U. Raun. "Title from dissertation home page (viewed Nov. 9, 2006)."
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Tiemeyer, Stacy. "Health care occupations: road to success or path to dead end?" Thesis, Wichita State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10057/3335.
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Health care provides an attractive career choice for individuals seeking employment in a growing field with livable wages and quality benefits. Jobs in health care services are projected to increase significantly in the coming decades. Like other skilled professions, significant disparities exist regarding who works in the positions that are highest paying and often most rewarding. This project investigates the representation and incomes of mi norities in health care professions. Individual, structural, and race/gender theories provide the theoretical framework for the composite model. Using secondary data from the Current Population Survey (CPS) March 2008 Annual Social & Economic Supplement (ASEC), a sample of 19,693 health care workers were used for this study. Univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analyses were used to test the composite model hypotheses. The findings of this research indicate that net of other factors, minority health care workers earn $3,036 less annually than non-minorities. Additionally, minorities are disproportionately concentrated in lower compensating occupations.Thesis (M.A.)--Wichita State University, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Sociology