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Moncada, G., F. Silva, P. Angel, OB Oliveira, MC Fresno, P. Cisternas, E. Fernandez, J. Estay y J. Martin. "Evaluation of Dental Restorations: A Comparative Study Between Clinical and Digital Photographic Assessments". Operative Dentistry 39, n.º 2 (1 de marzo de 2014): e45-e56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2341/12-339-c.
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SUMMARY The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of a direct clinical evaluation method with an indirect digital photographic method in assessing the quality of dental restorations. Seven parameters (color, occlusal marginal adaptation, anatomy form, roughness, occlusal marginal stain, luster, and secondary caries) were assessed in 89 Class I and Class II restorations from 36 adults using the modified US Public Health Service/Ryge criteria. Standardized photographs of the same restorations were digitally processed by Adobe Photoshop software, separated into the following four groups and assessed by two calibrated examiners: Group A: The original photograph displayed at 100%, without modifications (IMG100); Group B: Formed by images enlarged at 150% (IMG150); Group C: Formed by digital photographs displayed at 100% (mIMG100), with digital modifications (levels adjustment, shadow and highlight correction, color balance, unsharp Mask); and Group D: Formed by enlarged photographs displayed at 150% with modifications (mIMG150), with the same adjustments made to Group C. Photographs were assessed on a calibrated screen (Macbook) by two calibrated clinicians, and the results were statistically analyzed using Wilcoxon tests (SSPS 11.5) at 95% CI. Results: The photographic method produced higher reliability levels than the direct clinical method in all parameters. The evaluation of digital images is more consistent with clinical assessment when restorations present some moderate defect (Bravo) and less consistent when restorations are clinically classified as either satisfactory (Alpha) or in cases of severe defects (Charlie). Conclusion: The digital photographic method is a useful tool for assessing the quality of dental restorations, providing information that goes unnoticed with the visual-tactile clinical examination method. Additionally, when analyzing restorations using the Ryge modified criteria, the digital photographic method reveals a significant increase of defects compared to those clinically observed with the naked eye. Photography by itself, without the need for enlargement or correction, provides more information than clinical examination and can lead to unnecessary overtreatment.
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Travassos da Rosa Moreira Bastos, Renata, Priscila Teixeira da Silva y David Normando. "Reliability of qualitative occlusal tooth wear evaluation using an intraoral scanner: A pilot study". PLOS ONE 16, n.º 3 (25 de marzo de 2021): e0249119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0249119.
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Dental wear analysis through the use of an intraoral scanner is a reality of modern dentistry. This study aimed to investigate the reliability of qualitative tooth wear evaluation through three-dimensional images captured with an intraoral scanner and compared to clinical and photographic examinations. Eighteen adult volunteers of both genders (18 to 55 years old) were submitted to clinical exams, intraoral photographs and intraoral scanning protocol using an optical scanner (TRIOS® Pod, 3Shape, Copenhagen, Denmark). Occlusal tooth wear, from second to second premolars, was measured by two evaluators and reevaluated after 30 days, according to a slight modification of the method described by Mockers et al. Weighted Kappa was used to measure intra and inter-examiner agreement. The Friedman test was used to verify the differences among methods. Random and systematic errors were assessed using Bland-Altman plots. All statistical analysis was performed with p<0.05. There was a substantive agreement for clinical (K = 0.75) and photographic exams (K = 0.79) and a moderate agreement for intraoral scanner analysis (K = 0.60) for inter-examiner evaluation. A substantial intra-examiner agreement was obtained for both evaluators. No significant difference between the methods was observed (p = 0.7343 for examiner 1 and 0.8007 for examiner 2). The Bland-Altman plot confirmed no systematic errors between the methods and a random error of 0.25 with the scanner method when compared to clinical assessment. All three methods showed reliability in qualitative occlusal tooth wear evaluation. Intraoral scanning seems to be a sound and reliable tool to evaluate tooth wear when compared to traditional methods, considering the lower inter-examiner agreement and the inherent limitations of this pilot study. Further research will be necessary in order to achieve more robust evidence.
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Berdouses, Elias D., Georgia D. Koutsouri, Evanthia E. Tripoliti, George K. Matsopoulos, Constantine J. Oulis y Dimitrios I. Fotiadis. "A computer-aided automated methodology for the detection and classification of occlusal caries from photographic color images". Computers in Biology and Medicine 62 (julio de 2015): 119–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compbiomed.2015.04.016.
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Espíndola-Castro, LF, A. Rosenblatt, A. Galembeck y GQM Monteiro. "Dentin Staining Caused by Nano-silver Fluoride: A Comparative Study". Operative Dentistry 45, n.º 4 (13 de febrero de 2019): 435–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2341/19-109-l.
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Clinical Relevance The new formulations of nano-silver fluoride caused less dentin staining than the already available commercial agents 35% silver fluoride and silver diamine fluoride at 30% and 38%. SUMMARY The objective of this study was to evaluate the dentin staining potential of nano-silver fluoride (NSF 600 and 1500 ppm) compared with the following commercially available cariostatic agents: Advantage Arrest (Elevate Oral Care, West Palm Beach, FL, USA), Riva Star (SDI, Victoria, Australia), and Cariestop (Biodinâmica, Paraná, Brazil). Seventy-five extracted human molars were sectioned at the cementoenamel junction, and the occlusal enamel was removed for exposure of coronary dentin. The samples were divided among the five agents tested (n=15). The dentin staining (ΔE/ΔL) was analyzed with a digital spectrophotometer (VITA Easyshade, VITA Zahnfabrik, Bad Säckingen, Germany) at three different time points (before application, after two weeks, and after four weeks). Photographic images were also performed. The Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests compared the mean ΔE and ΔL values between groups. The NSF 600 and 1500 ppm resulted in the smallest color change (ΔE=1.02 and 1.53) and dentin staining after four weeks (ΔL=−0.76 and −1.2). The new formulations differed significantly from the commercial cariostatic agents (p<0.001). NSF might be an alternative to silver diamine fluoride since it does not compromise esthetics.
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Corte, Cristiane Cherobini Dalla, Bruno Lopes da Silveira y Mariana Marquezan. "Influence of occlusal plane inclination and mandibular deviation on esthetics". Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics 20, n.º 5 (octubre de 2015): 50–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2177-6709.20.5.050-057.oar.
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Objective:The aim of this study was to assess the degree of perception of occlusal plane inclination and mandibular deviation in facial esthetics, assessed by laypeople, dentists and orthodontists.Methods:A woman with 5.88° of inclination and 5.54 mm of mandibular deviation was selected and, based on her original photograph, four new images were created correcting the deviations and creating more symmetric faces and smiles. Examiners assessed the images by means of a questionnaire. Their opinions were compared by qualitative and quantitative analyses.Results:A total of 45 laypeople, 27 dentists and 31 orthodontists filled out the questionnaires. All groups were able to perceive the asymmetry; however, orthodontists were more sensitive, identifying asymmetries as from 4.32° of occlusal plane inclination and 4.155 mm of mandibular deviation (p< 0.05). The other categories of evaluators identified asymmetries and assigned significantly lower grades, starting from 5.88° of occlusal plane inclination and 5.54 mm of mandibular deviation (p< 0.05).Conclusion:Occlusal plane inclination and mandibular deviation were perceived by all groups, but orthodontists presented higher perception of deviations.
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Duong, Duc Long, Malitha Humayun Kabir y Rong Fu Kuo. "Automated caries detection with smartphone color photography using machine learning". Health Informatics Journal 27, n.º 2 (abril de 2021): 146045822110075. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14604582211007530.
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Untreated caries is significant problem that affected billion people over the world. Therefore, the appropriate method and accuracy of caries detection in clinical decision-making in dental practices as well as in oral epidemiology or caries research, are required urgently. The aim of this study was to introduce a computational algorithm that can automate recognize carious lesions on tooth occlusal surfaces in smartphone images according to International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS). From a group of extracted teeth, 620 unrestored molars/premolars were photographed using smartphone. The obtained images were evaluated for caries diagnosis with the ICDAS II codes, and were labeled into three classes: “No Surface Change” ( NSC); “Visually Non-Cavitated” ( VNC); “Cavitated” ( C). Then, a two steps detection scheme using Support Vector Machine (SVM) has been proposed: “ C versus (VNC + NSC)” classification, and “ VNC versus NSC” classification. The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of best model were 92.37%, 88.1%, and 96.6% for “ C versus (VNC + NSC),” whereas they were 83.33%, 82.2%, and 66.7% for “ VNC versus NSC.” Although the proposed SVM system required further improvement and verification, with the data only imaged from the smartphone, it performed an auspicious potential for clinical diagnostics with reasonable accuracy and minimal cost.
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El Bsat, Abdul Rehman, Elie Shammas, Daniel Asmar, George E. Sakr, Kinan G. Zeno, Anthony T. Macari y Joseph G. Ghafari. "Semantic Segmentation of Maxillary Teeth and Palatal Rugae in Two-Dimensional Images". Diagnostics 12, n.º 9 (8 de septiembre de 2022): 2176. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12092176.
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The superimposition of sequential radiographs of the head is commonly used to determine the amount and direction of orthodontic tooth movement. A harmless method includes the timely unlimited superimposition on the relatively stable palatal rugae, but the method is performed manually and, if automated, relies on the best fit of surfaces, not only rugal structures. In the first step, motion estimation requires segmenting and detecting the location of teeth and rugae at any time during the orthodontic intervention. Aim: to develop a process of tooth segmentation that eliminates all manual steps to achieve an autonomous system of assessment of the dentition. Methods: A dataset of 797 occlusal views from photographs of teeth was created. The photographs were manually semantically segmented and labeled. Machine learning methods were applied to identify a robust deep network architecture able to semantically segment teeth in unseen photographs. Using well-defined metrics such as accuracy, precision, and the average mean intersection over union (mIoU), four network architectures were tested: MobileUnet, AdapNet, DenseNet, and SegNet. The robustness of the trained network was additionally tested on a set of 47 image pairs of patients before and after orthodontic treatment. Results: SegNet was the most accurate network, producing 95.19% accuracy and an average mIoU value of 86.66% for the main sample and 86.2% for pre- and post-treatment images. Conclusions: Four architectural tests were developed for automated individual teeth segmentation and detection in two-dimensional photos that required no post-processing. Accuracy and robustness were best achieved with SegNet. Further research should focus on clinical applications and 3D system development.
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Mitchell, JK, AR Furness, RJ Sword, SW Looney, WW Brackett y MG Brackett. "Diagnosis of Pit-and-fissure Caries Using Three-dimensional Scanned Images". Operative Dentistry 43, n.º 3 (1 de mayo de 2018): E152—E157. http://dx.doi.org/10.2341/17-076-l.
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SUMMARYDiagnosis of the extent of pit-and-fissure caries has been subjective and thus difficult to teach and categorize for treatment planning. This in vitro study compares occlusal caries diagnosis of extracted posterior teeth (n=49) using three-dimensional (3D) scanned images vs visual examination, according to the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS). The surfaces chosen for study represent all ICDAS classifications. Five experienced restorative faculty members examined scanned images for 60 seconds from a standardized series of views of each surface and scored them independently. One month later, the same teeth were examined visually by the same five raters with magnification and LED headlamps, with compressed air available. Intrarater and interrater agreement and validity were assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). The ICCs, ranging from 0.90 to 0.93, indicated excellent agreement between and within raters and between the raters and the gold standard ICDAS determination. This suggests that both photographs and 3D scans of pits and fissures are equally effective in diagnosing caries.
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Ye, Sixian, Huangjun Zhou, Xingyu Lyu, Hao Feng, Min Liu y Cai Wen. "Should the vent hole of posterior implant crowns be placed on the lateral surface? An in vitro study of the hydrodynamic feature of cement extrusion and retention ability". PLOS ONE 17, n.º 10 (20 de octubre de 2022): e0276198. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0276198.
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Although placing a vent hole on the occlusal surface of the implant crown can reduce cervical marginal cement extrusion, it has disadvantages. Transferring the hole to the buccal or lingual surface of the posterior implant crown could therefore be an alternative solution. This study investigated the effect of transferring the vent hole to the lateral side of the implant posterior crown on the hydrodynamics of excess cement extrusion and the crown’s retention ability. Specially fabricated posterior implant crowns were divided into five groups: crowns with an occlusal hole (OH), occlusal lateral hole (OLH), middle lateral hole (MLH), cervical lateral hole (CLH), and no hole (NH). Each set of implant analog-abutment-crown specimens was wrapped in a polymethylacrylate base. The base of the implant crown was divided into four 90-degree quadrants along the diagonal of the square base with a pen mark. Cement was used to bond the crowns and the abutments, and the weight of cement extrusions at the vent holes and the abutment cervical margins were calculated. The distribution of cement extrusion at the margin was photographed in each quadrant, and the areas of surface coverage of cement extrusion were compared with ImageJ software. Retentive strength was measured as the dislocation force using a universal testing machine. One-way analysis of variance was used for result analysis. The cervical marginal cement extrusions of crowns with lateral holes (OLH, MLH, and CLH) were significantly less than that of NH crowns (P<0.05), but more than that of OH crowns (P<0.05). Subgroup analysis among the lateral hole groups indicated that the higher the position of the lateral hole, the lower the weight of the cement extrusion, and the smaller the total distribution area of cement extrusion. The cement extrusion distribution area was larger in the quadrant with the hole than in those opposite and next to the hole. Retention strength comparison indicated no significant difference between crowns with NH, OH, or lateral holes. Transferring the vent hole of the posterior implant crown to the lateral side could reduce cement extrusion at the cervical margin while reducing retention strength deterioration and the esthetic drawbacks caused by occlusal hole opening.
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Stolz, Sophie, François Lefebvre, Yves Bolender y Daniel Kanter. "Perception esthétique de la position verticale des bords libres des incisives latérales maxillaires dans l’arc du sourire". L'Orthodontie Française 88, n.º 3 (septiembre de 2017): 251–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/orthodfr/2017018.
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Introduction : L’objectif de cette étude est d’évaluer la perception esthétique de différents niveaux verticaux des bords libres des incisives latérales maxillaires dans l’arc du sourire. Matériels et méthodes : Une photographie frontale du sourire d’une femme caucasienne a été altérée numériquement pour obtenir une image où les bords libres des incisives latérales maxillaires étaient symétriquement tangents à l’arc du sourire. Ces bords libres ont ensuite été déplacés verticalement par incréments de 0,5 mm. La valeur était considérée positive pour un déplacement en direction occlusale, négative en direction gingivale. Quatre autres images ont ainsi été obtenues en déplaçant les bords libres de +0,5 mm à -1,5 mm. Les cinq images ont été notées sur une échelle visuelle analogique par trois groupes d’évaluateurs : orthodontistes, chirurgiens-dentistes, profanes. Une analyse statistique des données a été réalisée. Résultats : Les profanes ont préféré, dans l’ordre, des incisives latérales tangentes à l’arc du sourire, un décalage de +0,5 mm et enfin un décalage de -0,5 mm. Les orthodontistes et les chirurgiens-dentistes ont préféré, dans l’ordre, un décalage de -0,5 mm, puis un décalage nul. Discussion : L’appréciation esthétique du sourire, concernant les rapports verticaux entre les bords libres des dents antérieures, diffère entre les profanes et les professionnels mais elle est similaire pour les orthodontistes et les chirurgiens-dentistes. La situation la plus consensuelle sur le plan esthétique, tant du point de vue des professionnels que de celui des profanes, est celle qui correspond aux bords libres des incisives latérales tangents à l’arc du sourire.
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Mohindra, N. K. "A Mini Review of Using the Oralift Appliance and a Pilot Study to See if 3D Imaging Techniques Could Improve Outcomes". Open Dentistry Journal 12, n.º 1 (30 de marzo de 2018): 283–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874210601812010283.
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Background: Occlusal appliances of various designs have been described in the literature. They usually have to be worn for substantial periods including night time to have the desired effect for which they are designed. The Oralift® appliance has been designed to address the signs of facial ageing and to help stop parafunctional habits. The appliance is based on the principles of the pivot appliance and is worn for very short periods, never at night and not even every day. The maximum usage recommended is two hours every third day. Objective: This is a review of five patients who have been treated with Oralift® with the aim of assessing whether the visual changes seen by wearing the appliance can be quantified by changes in volume as measured by 3D Imaging, and if this quantification could be useful in improving the outcomes for each patient. Methods: The patients were fitted with the appliances in general practice, and 2D images were taken before, during and after treatment. Afterwards, the patient attended King’s College London, to have 3D imaging. Results: 3D imaging has been proved far superior to standardized 2D photography in assessing the changes taking place on the face, and helped quantify the volume changes. Conclusion: To further improve the outcome for each patient, the 3D imaging should be done before the visit to the practitioner or ideally by the practitioner so that the results could be assessed, and the treatment adjusted accordingly. The implication of the volume changes requires a much larger study.
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Zmener, Osvaldo, Cornelis Pameijer, Ana Boetto y Mariana Picca. "Pit and fissure depth in the enamel of mandibular third molars: An open gate for microleakage?" Acta Odontológica Latinoamericana 34, n.º 2 (septiembre de 2021): 183–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.54589/aol.34/2/183.
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The aim of this descriptive ex vivo study was to evaluate qualitatively the depth of pit and fissures (P&F) of the enamel in human mandibular third molars. Fifty (n=50) extracted human mandibular third molars were cleaned and disinfected. All tooth surfaces were coated with nail varnish except for a 1-mm margin around the periphery of the occlusal surface. The teeth were immersed for 48 hours at 37 °C in 1% methylene blue dye solution prepared in artificial saliva. After cleaning, the crowns were separated from the root at the cementoenamel junction and subsequently sectioned longitudinally in buccolingual direction at the location of the central fossa. All sections were examined using a stereoscopic microscope and photographed. The images were downloaded on a computer. The length of penetration of the P&F was recorded using the following scoring system: C1: P&F extended to half of the enamel thickness; C2: P&F extended beyond half of the enamel thickness without reaching the dentine-enamel junction; C3: P&F extended to the dentine-enamel junction. For pits, C1, C2 and C3 were observed in 35, 9 and 6 teeth, respectively, while for fissures, C1, C2 and C3 were observed in 15, 18 and 17 teeth, respectively. The P&F detected in the samples extended to the deepest portions of enamel, quite frequently reaching the enamel-dentine junction. Clinicians should recognize that even if pits and fissures are not clinically obvious, they penetrate deep into the enamel and frequently reach the dentine-enamel junction. Effective treatment is recommended to block access to P&F, thus preventing ingress of bacteria.
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Celik, Cigdem, Sevi Burcak Cehreli y Neslihan Arhun. "Resin composite repair: Quantitative microleakage evaluation of resin-resin and resin-tooth interfaces with different surface treatments". European Journal of Dentistry 09, n.º 01 (enero de 2015): 092–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1305-7456.149652.
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ABSTRACT Objective: The aim was to evaluate the effect of different adhesive systems and surface treatments on the integrity of resin-resin and resin-tooth interfaces after partial removal of preexisting resin composites using quantitative image analysis for microleakage testing protocol. Materials and Methods: A total of 80 human molar teeth were restored with either of the resin composites (Filtek Z250/GrandioSO) occlusally. The teeth were thermocycled (1000×). Mesial and distal 1/3 parts of the restorations were removed out leaving only middle part. One side of the cavity was finished with course diamond bur and the other was air-abraded with 50 μm Al2O3. They were randomly divided into four groups (n = 10) to receive: Group 1: Adper Single Bond 2; Group 2: All Bond 3; Group 3: ClearfilSE; Group 4: BeautiBond, before being repaired with the same resin composite (Filtek Z250). The specimens were re-thermocycled (1000×), sealed with nail varnish, stained with 0.5% basic fuchsin, sectioned mesiodistally and photographed digitally. The extent of dye penetration was measured by image analysis software (ImageJ) for both bur-finished and air-abraded surfaces at resin-tooth and resin-resin interfaces. The data were analyzed statistically. Results: BeautiBond exhibited the most microleakage at every site. Irrespective of adhesive and initial composite type, air-abrasion showed less microleakage except for BeautiBond. The type of initial repaired restorative material did not affect the microleakage. BeautiBond adhesive may not be preferred in resin composite repair in terms of microleakage prevention. Conclusions: Surface treatment with air-abrasion produced the lowest microleakage scores, independent of the adhesive systems and the pre-existing resin composite type. Pre-existing composite type does not affect the microleakage issue. All-in-one adhesive resin (BeautiBond) may not be preferred in resin composite repair in terms of microleakage prevention.
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"Frequency of Parallelism of Occlusal Plane to ALA-Tragus Line in Different age Groups: A Photographic Study". Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, n.º 7 (30 de julio de 2022): 848–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs22167848.
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Background: For the complete dentures to look, sound, fit, and feel their best, it is crucial that the occlusal plane be positioned correctly. There are a number of different anatomical landmarks that have been proposed to arbitrate the position of the occlusal plane, with the Ala-tragus line being the most commonly adopted by the professions. Purpose: To ascertain the effect of age on location of Ala-Tragus line. Materials and methods: One hundred and seventy six patients (128 males and 48 females) having complete dentition were recruited in the study, and grouped according to their age. Patients' right lateral profiles were photographed after they had positioned the fox plane intraorally so that it was parallel to the occlusal plane. Images were taken with Canon camera model no. EOS 700 D with a resolution power of 18.0 Mega pixels, images produced were transferred to computer and traced using computer software AutoCAD 2014 and angle between Fox plane and superior, Middle and inferior borders of Ala-tragus and angle measured between three different lines. Data obtained was statistically analyzed using Pearson chi-square test. Results: There was a statistically significant relationship between age and Ala-Tragus line height. When the middle tragal border was used as the posterior reference point in the analysis, the occlusal plane was also shown to be more parallel to the Ala-tragus line age groups A, C, and D, being 42.0% (74/176). The second common location was the superior line in age groups B and D, being 36.9% (65/176), and the least common location was found to be the inferior line in almost all age groups, being 21.0% (37/176). Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that a definite relationship exists in between age and level of Ala-tragus line. Keywords: Ala-tragus line, interpupillary line, occlusal plane
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Kühnisch, J., O. Meyer, M. Hesenius, R. Hickel y V. Gruhn. "Caries Detection on Intraoral Images Using Artificial Intelligence". Journal of Dental Research, 20 de agosto de 2021, 002203452110325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00220345211032524.
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Although visual examination (VE) is the preferred method for caries detection, the analysis of intraoral digital photographs in machine-readable form can be considered equivalent to VE. While photographic images are rarely used in clinical practice for diagnostic purposes, they are the fundamental requirement for automated image analysis when using artificial intelligence (AI) methods. Considering that AI has not been used for automatic caries detection on intraoral images so far, this diagnostic study aimed to develop a deep learning approach with convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for caries detection and categorization (test method) and to compare the diagnostic performance with respect to expert standards. The study material consisted of 2,417 anonymized photographs from permanent teeth with 1,317 occlusal and 1,100 smooth surfaces. All the images were evaluated into the following categories: caries free, noncavitated caries lesion, or caries-related cavitation. Each expert diagnosis served as a reference standard for cyclic training and repeated evaluation of the AI methods. The CNN was trained using image augmentation and transfer learning. Before training, the entire image set was divided into a training and test set. Validation was conducted by selecting 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of the available images from the training set. The statistical analysis included calculations of the sensitivity (SE), specificity (SP), and area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC). The CNN was able to correctly detect caries in 92.5% of cases when all test images were considered (SE, 89.6; SP, 94.3; AUC, 0.964). If the threshold of caries-related cavitation was chosen, 93.3% of all tooth surfaces were correctly classified (SE, 95.7; SP, 81.5; AUC, 0.955). It can be concluded that it was possible to achieve more than 90% agreement in caries detection using the AI method with standardized, single-tooth photographs. Nevertheless, the current approach needs further improvement.
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Comisi, John C., Cristiane Maucoski, Jonathan P. Beller, Kyle S. Dennis y Richard B. Price. "A Blinded Comparative Study of Four Commercially Available LEDs and a Laser Light Curing Device". European Journal of Dentistry, 27 de diciembre de 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1757908.
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Abstract Objective This study determined the effectiveness of five light-curing units (LCUs; four light-emitting diode [LED] and one laser) used on different settings to photo-activate four conventional resin-based composites (RBCs). Materials and Methods A total of 108 RBC specimens were photo-activated in a white Delrin mold representing a mesial-occlusal-distal (MOD) class II restoration in a molar tooth. The proximal boxes were 5 mm deep, and the mesial-distal length was 12 mm. Immediately after photo-curing, the RBC specimens were immersed in a solvent to remove the uncured materials, after which they were photographed and deidentified. A Research Electronic Data Capture survey was created using these images and sent to respondents who blindly assessed the ability of the various LCUs to photo-cure the MOD restorations. Results There were significant differences in how the five curing lights had cured RBCs. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), pairwise t-test, Welch's one-way ANOVA, and Kruskal–Wallis rank test in the blinded survey data showed significant differences between the LED curing lights used for two 10-second cures and the laser curing light used for 1 second, and LED lights at lower settings. Conclusion There was a significant difference in how the curing lights could photo-cure the RBCs used in this study. The laser curing light used for 1 second produced the worst results in all four RBCs. Clinical Significance When used for 1 second, the laser curing device does not photo-cure conventional RBC materials as well as the LED curing lights used for 10 seconds.