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Tesis sobre el tema "Object dimension"

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Publicado: 11 de marzo de 2023

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1

Auffray, Fabienne. "La dimension cachée de l'objet 1913-2013". Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AZUR2042/document.

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Le banal objet manufacturé a pris une place de plus en plus importante sur la scène artistique depuis son irruption, via le geste de Marcel Duchamp en 1913. De 1913 à aujourd’hui, cet objet pose problème : 1/car il est à la fois objet quotidien et objet d’art ; 2/ car exposé, il est soumis à un dispositif communicationnel qui tout à la fois en montre le sens et en génère ; 3/ car plus l’objet se réduit plus le discours tissé autour est important. Le sens qu’il revêt au long du siècle change et une évolution se dessine : plus l’objet tend à s’abstraire, à se numériser plus il va revenir sous la forme du discours et de la communication nous donnant à voir quelque chose d’irréductible, ce que l’homme dépose en lui de fondamentalement humain. Envisagé sous les angles esthétique, anthropologique et institutionnel, l’objet, apparemment simple, nous montre son indéniable complexité. Il est fonctionnel, utile, décoratif parfois, objet d’art plus rarement et en lui se fixe quelque chose du sujet qui l’utilise, le regarde, le crée. L’objet, comme paradigme de la communication humaine, suit, induit, en tout cas entérine les progrès et les régressions de la société. Et l’objet d’art, dans les dispositifs d’exposition de plus en plus prégnants, interactifs et sophistiqués, est un révélateur essentiel pour une meilleure saisie du présent
The mundane and manufactured object has taken an increasing place on the artistic scene since its irruption, by the act of Marcel Duchamp in 1913. From 1913 to nowadays, this object is problematic: 1/ because it is both an everyday thing and a piece of art; 2/ because, when it is exhibited, it is submitted to a device of communication which simultaneously reveals and creates the meaning; 3/ because more the object is reducing itself, more the discourse about it is important.Throughout this century, the meaning of the object has changed and an evolution is discernable: more the object is abstracting or digitizing itself, more it exists by the discourse and the communication. This gives us to see an irreducible thing, a fundamentally human leftover.Analysed by aesthetic, anthropologic and institutional perspectives, the object, apparently simple, reveals its clear complexity. It is functional, useful, sometimes decorative, and more rarely a piece of art; and something of the subject, who uses, peers, creates its, sets in itself. The object, as a paradigm of the human communication, follows, induces, endorses at any rate progresses and regressions of society. In increasingly significant, interactive and sophisticated exhibitions’ devices, the piece of art is an essential indicator for a best understanding of the present time
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2

Lu, Weizhi. "Contribution to dimension reduction techniques : application to object tracking". Thesis, Rennes, INSA, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ISAR0010/document.

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Cette thèse étudie et apporte des améliorations significatives sur trois techniques répandues en réduction de dimension : l'acquisition parcimonieuse (ou l'échantillonnage parcimonieux), la projection aléatoire et la représentation parcimonieuse. En acquisition parcimonieuse, la construction d’une matrice de réduction possédant à la fois de bonnes performances et une structure matérielle adéquate reste un défi de taille. Ici, nous proposons explicitement la matrice binaire optimale, avec éléments zéro-Un, en recherchant la meilleure propriété d’isométrie restreinte (RIP). Dans la pratique, un algorithme glouton efficace est successivement développé pour construire la matrice binaire optimale avec une taille arbitraire. Par ailleurs, nous étudions également un autre problème intéressant pour l'acquisition parcimonieuse, c'est celui de la performance des matrices d'acquisition parcimonieuse avec des taux de compression élevés. Pour la première fois, la limite inférieure de la performance des matrices aléatoires de Bernoulli pour des taux de compression croissants est observée et estimée. La projection aléatoire s'utilise principalement en classification mais la construction de la matrice de projection aléatoire s'avère également critique en termes de performance et de complexité. Cette thèse présente la matrice de projection aléatoire, de loin, la plus éparse. Celle-Ci est démontrée présenter la meilleure performance en sélection de caractéristiques, comparativement à d’autres matrices aléatoires plus denses. Ce résultat théorique est confirmé par de nombreuses expériences. Comme nouvelle technique pour la sélection de caractéristiques ou d’échantillons, la représentation parcimonieuse a récemment été largement appliquée dans le domaine du traitement d'image. Dans cette thèse, nous nous concentrons principalement sur ses applications de suivi d'objets dans une séquence d'images. Pour réduire la charge de calcul liée à la représentation parcimonieuse, un système simple mais efficace est proposé pour le suivi d'un objet unique. Par la suite, nous explorons le potentiel de cette représentation pour le suivi d'objets multiples
This thesis studies three popular dimension reduction techniques: compressed sensing, random projection and sparse representation, and brings significant improvements on these techniques. In compressed sensing, the construction of sensing matrix with both good performance and hardware-Friendly structure has been a significant challenge. In this thesis, we explicitly propose the optimal zero-One binary matrix by searching the best Restricted Isometry Property. In practice, an efficient greedy algorithm is successively developed to construct the optimal binary matrix with arbitrary size. Moreover, we also study another interesting problem for compressed sensing, that is the performance of sensing matrices with high compression rates. For the first time, the performance floor of random Bernoulli matrices over increasing compression rates is observed and effectively estimated. Random projection is mainly used in the task of classification, for which the construction of random projection matrix is also critical in terms of both performance and complexity. This thesis presents so far the most sparse random projection matrix, which is proved holding better feature selection performance than other more dense random matrices. The theoretical result is confirmed with extensive experiments. As a novel technique for feature or sample selection, sparse representation has recently been widely applied in the area of image processing. In this thesis, we mainly focus our attention on its applications to visual object tracking. To reduce the computation load related to sparse representation, a simple but efficient scheme is proposed for the tracking of single object. Subsequently, the potential of sparse representation to multiobject tracking is investigated
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3

Self, Jessica Zeitz. "Designing and Evaluating Object-Level Interaction to Support Human-Model Communication in Data Analysis". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/70950.

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High-dimensional data appear in all domains and it is challenging to explore. As the number of dimensions in datasets increases, the harder it becomes to discover patterns and develop insights. Data analysis and exploration is an important skill given the amount of data collection in every field of work. However, learning this skill without an understanding of high-dimensional data is challenging. Users naturally tend to characterize data in simplistic one-dimensional terms using metrics such as mean, median, mode. Real-world data is more complex. To gain the most insight from data, users need to recognize and create high-dimensional arguments. Data exploration methods can encourage thinking beyond traditional one-dimensional insights. Dimension reduction algorithms, such as multidimensional scaling, support data explorations by reducing datasets to two dimensions for visualization. Because these algorithms rely on underlying parameterizations, they may be manipulated to assess the data from multiple perspectives. Manipulating can be difficult for users without a strong knowledge of the underlying algorithms. Visual analytics tools that afford object-level interaction (OLI) allow for generation of more complex insights, despite inexperience with multivariate data or the underlying algorithm. The goal of this research is to develop and test variations on types of interactions for interactive visual analytic systems that enable users to tweak model parameters directly or indirectly so that they may explore high-dimensional data. To study interactive data analysis, we present an interface, Andromeda, that enables non-experts of statistical models to explore domain-specific, high-dimensional data. This application implements interactive weighted multidimensional scaling (WMDS) and allows for both parametric and observation-level interaction to provide in-depth data exploration. We performed multiple user studies to answer how parametric and object-level interaction aid in data analysis. With each study, we found usability issues and then designed solutions for the next study. With each critique we uncovered design principles of effective, interactive, visual analytic tools. The final part of this research presents these principles supported by the results of our multiple informal and formal usability studies. The established design principles focus on human-centered usability for developing interactive visual analytic systems that enable users to analyze high-dimensional data through object-level interaction.
Ph. D.
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4

Zhao, Die. "Graphics Editor". Thesis, Växjö University, School of Mathematics and Systems Engineering, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-1195.

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The human enters into the information age in 21st century; the computer science and technology are developed at full speed, and already infiltrate into various field extensively. Resultantly manual drawing gradually is phased out, for those designers who have no prior experience in the computer operation are concerned, they need to have a kind of two-dimensional graphical tool. Graphics editor system arose to the request for designing planar figures for people who have little knowledge in computer.

This paper describes the development process of this system what is studied for the foundation, utilize object-oriented method to analyze, design with computer figure, and adopt Visual C ++ 6.0 as the developing platform. All these have been finished after 1 month or so. It designs to be two-dimensional graphical software with diverse function which operates simply, easy to study, mutual interface friendly graphics editor system and has satisfied some figure users at present with the new demand as well.

The following main functions have been realized in this application: It can draw various figures, such as dot, line, circle, arc, parabola and curve, modify them and comprehensive editing. Figure editor includes translation, mirroring, rotating and some similar operations. Comprehensive drawing includes drawing polygon (sealed and arbitrary polygon), round tangent line, round circle contact, line circle contact, some circle contacts and so forth. Meanwhile obtain the point of intersect between the arbitrary crossing, and draw different figures basically according to the points of intersect. By the way, it is capable to cancel and redraw the editing.

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5

Skiba, Nathalie. "Processus d'innovation centré sur l'utilisateur : identification des besoins et interprétation des données issues de l'integration de l'utilisateur dans le processus de co-conception". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0027/document.

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Jamais nos modes de vie et les produits qui nous entourent n'ont évolué aussi rapidement. Cette évolution est un facteur nouveau à prendre en compte dans le développement de produits pour s'assurer de leur appropriation par les utilisateurs. C'est ainsi que les approches de conception s'orientent petit à petit vers l'intégration des usages. L'approche Living Lab est axée autour de quatre principes : le réalisme de la situation d'usage étudiée ; la continuité de la collaboration avec les utilisateurs ; la collecte de données d'usage spontanées ; l'augmentation de la capacité des utilisateurs à influencer le développement du produit. Ces principes facilitent le passage de la conception centrée-utilisateurs vers la conception centrée-usages, mais sont difficiles à réaliser concrètement. Pour accompagner et inspirer les concepteurs, nous proposons une méthode de pilotage de projet Living Lab composée de dix-huit opérations visant chacune l'atteinte d'un de ces principes. La méthode proposée est représentée sous forme de diagrammes NIAM-ORM, facilement compréhensibles car proche du langage naturel binaire. Deux projets urbains et deux projets industriels ont permis de tester notre méthode. La pertinence des opérations sur l'atteinte des principes est évaluée par le biais des réseaux bayésiens : selon les résultats obtenus, les opérations sont validées, ajustées ou reformulées puis ré-implémentées dans le modèle NIAM-ORM
Our way of life and the products that surround us have never evolved so quickly. This evolution is a new factor to take into account in the product development to ensure the product appropriation by the users. For that reason the design approaches try to integrate usages. The Living Lab approach is organised around four principles: the realism of the studied situation; the continuity in the collaboration with the users; the collection of spontaneous usage data; the empowerment of users in the design process. These principles facilitate the path from "user-centred design" to "usage-centred design" but are difficult to realise practically. To guide and inspire the designers we propose a Living Lab project method made of eighteen operations; each operation is supposed to reach one of the four principles. The proposed method is represented with NIAM-ORM diagrams which are easily understandable because of its similarity with natural language. We tested our method on two urban projects and two industrial projects. The relevance of the tested operations on the principle realisation is evaluated according to bayesian networks: depending on the results the operations are validated, adjusted or rephrased and implemented again in the NIAM-ORM model
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6

Lavoie, Matt J. "Three dimensional object recognition". Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 1991. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/3.

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This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf.edu/Systems/DigitalInitiatives/DigitalCollections/InternetDistributionConsentAgreementForm.pdf You may also contact the project coordinator, Kerri Bottorff, at kerri.bottorff@ucf.edu for more information.
Bachelors
Arts and Sciences
Computer Sciences
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7

Fox, Timothy Stephen. "A three dimensional object rendering system". Virtual Press, 1991. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/834152.

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This Creative Project has investigated current methods being used to produce computer animation. This investigation has resulted in the creation of a computer rendering program capable of generating animation. In order for the program to be able to execute though, a model of the object to be viewed must first be specified. This is done by assembling together a series of graphic primitives that when viewed collectively, form the desired model. Next, the rendering software is told where to point an imaginary camera in space. This camera is used to focus the image found in the viewfinder onto the computer monitor. Lastly, the imaginary camera is provided with a three dimensional path to follow as it tracks its way through space. By combining this data with the rendering software, a person viewing the resulting computer animation is able to interact with the computer model.
Department of Computer Science
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8

Jean, Marie. "L'angoisse dans la clinique : de Freud à Lacan, la dimension structurelle et la place de l'angoisse". Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00649751.

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" L'angoisse " se décline à l'envie - l'angoisse du sujet, l'angoisse dans la clinique, l'angoisse du clinicien ... - tant l'affect est inéluctable.Sa traduction, voire son recouvrement sous d'autres signifiants, entraînent des glissements de sens et de portée. Elle est approchée - ou perdue- de différentes manières, définie de multiples façons, destituée de la place primordiale que lui octroie la psychanalyse.Elle s'en trouve, en somme, comme diluée dans le sens commun et par là, il y a fort à penser que l'ensemble des effets produits puisse affecter l'inscription du sujet dans le lien social, dénaturant celui-ci dans une sorte de " perversion civilisationnelle " : " malaise dans la civilisation " ?Qu'en est-il dès lors de la position du sujet, de sa structure ?
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9

Lopez-Bonilla, Roman Ernesto. "Object recognition in three-dimensions for robotic applications". Thesis, University of Bradford, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.305752.

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10

Rosso, Maximiliano. "Do risco e do seu enfrentamento mediante intervenções territoriais amparadas no direito". Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2014. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/6382.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:22:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maximiliano Rosso.pdf: 2204933 bytes, checksum: e5269da6e1de05fce4a53f1984afac49 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-11
The present study aims to debate about risk from a spatial perspective. Risk understood as a present representation of concrete dangers and of future situations which are apt to cause harm to rights in general. Modernity brings with it the production of risks, which can be aggravated through interventions on the urban fabric. In the present paper we shall argue, with the help of legal texts from different countries, as well as of practical examples, that risks can also be managed by means of those same spatial interventions, imposing a new mode of State intervention
O presente trabalho tem por objeto o tema do risco em uma dimensão que denominamos de espacial. Mencionado risco consiste, em apertada síntese, numa representação de perigos e de situações futuras aptas a causar danos a direitos dos mais diversos. Risco que se imbrica de forma indissociável à sociedade moderna e que pode ser amplificado por intervenções no tecido urbano. Valendo-nos da análise de diferentes diplomas legislativos, de ordenamentos diversos, assim como de exemplo práticos, argumentaremos quanto às possibilidades de enfrentamento desse risco por meio de intervenções igualmente espaciais, o risco impondo, nesses termos, um novo intervencionismo estatal
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11

Tarr, Michael J. (Michael Jay). "Orientation dependence in three-dimensional object recognition". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/13994.

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12

Chalfant, Julie Steele. "Three-dimensional object registration using wavelet features". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/43147.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2008.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 97-109).
Recent developments in shape-based modeling and data acquisition have brought three-dimensional models to the forefront of computer graphics and visualization research. New data acquisition methods are producing large numbers of models in a variety of fields. Three-dimensional shape-based matching and registration (alignment) are key to the useful application of such models in areas from automated surface inspection to cancer detection and surgery. The three-dimensional models in these applications are typically huge. State-of-the-art simulations in computational fluid dynamics produce upward of four terabytes of data per second of flow. Research-level magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) resolutions can reach 1 cubic micro-meter. As a result, object registration and matching algorithms must handle very large amounts of data. The algorithms developed in this thesis accomplish automatic registration and matching of three-dimensional voxelized models. We employ features in a wavelet transform domain to accomplish registration. The features are extracted in a multiresolutional format, thus delineating features at various scales for robust and rapid matching. Registration is achieved through seeking peaks in sets of rotation quaternions using a voting scheme, then separately identifying translation. The method is robust to occlusion, clutter and noise. The efficacy of the algorithm is demonstrated through examples from solid modeling and medical imaging applications.
by Julie S. Chalfant.
Ph.D.
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13

Green, Thomas Joseph. "Three-dimensional object recognition using laser radar". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/13073.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1992.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 217-220).
by Thomas Joseph Green, Jr.
Ph.D.
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14

LI, XIAOKUN. "THREE-DIMENSIONAL OBJECT RECONSTRUCTION FROM RANGE IMAGES". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1100483081.

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15

Wikander, Gustav. "Three dimensional object recognition for robot conveyor picking". Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-18373.

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Shape-based matching (SBM) is a method for matching objects in greyscale images. It extracts edges from search images and matches them to a model using a similarity measure. In this thesis we extend SBM to find the tilt and height position of the object in addition to the z-plane rotation and x-y-position. The search is conducted using a scale pyramid to improve the search speed. A 3D matching can be done for small tilt angles by using SBM on height data and extending it with additional steps to calculate the tilt of the object. The full pose is useful for picking objects with an industrial robot.

The tilt of the object is calculated using a RANSAC plane estimator. After the 2D search the differences in height between all corresponding points of the model and the live image are calculated. By estimating a plane to this difference the tilt of the object can be calculated. Using the tilt the model edges are tilted in order to improve the matching at the next scale level.

The problems that arise with occlusion and missing data have been studied. Missing data and erroneous data have been thresholded manually after conducting tests where automatic filling of missing data did not noticeably improve the matching. The automatic filling could introduce new false edges and remove true ones, thus lowering the score.

Experiments have been conducted where objects have been placed at increasing tilt angles. The results show that the matching algorithm is object dependent and correct matches are almost always found for tilt angles less than 10 degrees. This is very similar to the original 2D SBM because the model edges does not change much for such small angels. For tilt angles up to about 25 degrees most objects can be matched and for nice objects correct matches can be done at large tilt angles of up to 40 degrees.

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16

Fasogbon, Peter Oluwanisola. "Dimensional measurement of metallic object by 3D vision". Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10105.

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Dans cette thèse nous avons montré à travers différentes études et expériences la nécessité de mesurer la section de pièces métalliques. Les méthodes actuelles sont basées sur des systèmes de vision 2D, ce qui ne permet pas de traiter toutes les géométries possibles. Par conséquent nous avons proposé d’utiliser des méthodes de vision 3D basées sur un couplage laser caméra et sur un dispositif optique de type Scheimpflug. Ce dispositif non conventionnel augmente le champ de vue focalisé de la caméra. La mesure dimensionnelle de la pièce nécessite une calibration spécifique d’un tel système. Nous avons donc proposé des méthodes de calibrage dont les performances dépassent celles de l’état de l’art. Une fois le système calibré, la mesure de la section est obtenue par une analyse du profil résultant de la projection du plan laser sur la pièce. La capacité du système développé a été évaluée avec des pièces étalons
In this PhD thesis, we have demonstrated through various studies and experiments the necessity of using 3D vision system to measure the cross-section area of metallic objects. The current methods are based on 2D vision approach, which do not allow the measurement of different geometry of these metallic objects. Therefore, we have proposed 3D vision system that consists of lasers and cameras that have been equipped with Scheimpflug optical devices. This non-conventional optical set-up increases the field of view of the camera. As we have to measure the metallic object using the laser-Scheimpflug device, we need to calibrate the system. We proposed a new calibration method that provides significant improvement compared to the state of art laser-camera triangulation system. Using the calibrated system, the cross-section of the metallic object is determined by the analysis of the profile that results from the laser line projected on the metallic object. We have validated the system capability on plug gauges
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17

Ko, Kwang Hee 1971. "Algorithms for three-dimensional free-form object matching". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/29751.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Ocean Engineering, 2003.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 117-126).
This thesis addresses problems of free-form object matching for the point vs. NURBS surface and the NURBS surface vs. NURBS surface cases, and its application to copyright protection. Two new methods are developed to solve a global and partial matching problem with no a priori information on correspondence or initial transformation and no scaling effects, namely the KH and the umbilic method. The KH method establishes a correspondence between two objects by utilizing the Gaussian and mean curvatures. The umbilic method uses the qualitative properties of umbilical points to find correspondence information between two objects. These two methods are extended to deal with uniform scaling effects. The umbilic method is enhanced with an algorithm for scaling factor estimation using the quantitative properties of umbilical points. The KH method is used as a building block of an optimization scheme based on the golden section search which recovers iteratively an optimum scaling factor. Since the golden section search only requires an initial interval for the scaling factor, the solution process is simplified compared to iterative optimization algorithms, which require good initial estimates of the scaling factor and the rigid body transformation. The matching algorithms are applied to problems of copyright protection.
(cont.) A suspect model is aligned to an original model through matching methods so that similarity between two geometric models can be assessed to determine if the suspect model contains part(s) of the original model. Three types of tests, the weak, intermediate and strong tests, are proposed for similarity assessment between two objects. The weak and intermediate tests are performed at node points obtained through shape intrinsic wireframing. The strong test relies on isolated umbilical points which can be used as fingerprints of an object for supporting an ownership claim to the original model. The three tests are organized in two decision algorithms so that they produce systematic and statistical measures for a similarity decision between two objects in a hierarchical manner. Based on the systematic statistical evaluation of similarity, a decision can be reached whether the suspect model is a copy of the original model.
by Kwang Hee Ko.
Ph.D.
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18

Lee, Sungkoo. "A constraint-based 2-dimensional object display system". Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 1991. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1055342896.

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19

Lavoie, Philippe. "Three-dimensional object reconstruction using structured light and two two-dimensional images". Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/10255.

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For machine vision and for graphical representation of real objects in a computer environment, the three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of the image of a real object has become a key technique. A few methods such as range finding, which use laser scanners, computer tomography, based on CTR or MRI machines, computational stereo, etc. were developed. Computational stereo is broadly defined as the recovery of 3D characteristics of a scene from a series of images obtained from different points in the three dimensional (Euclidean) space. In this thesis, a new algorithm and system is introduced and developed for the 3D reconstruction of the images of real objects from two 2D images required with two cameras. The algorithm is based on a new matching method, a new procedure for the determination of the fundamental matrix used in stereo vision, and a new technique for stereo fusion. The novelty of the matching procedure, and of the determination of the camera alignment, consists of the projection of a structured light pattern on the real object, the pattern being created using a pseudo-random encoded mesh (PRBA) (34). The novelty of the stereo fusion algorithm consists of the application of the dynamic programming principle (DP) (5) (27) using a cost function which contains the information obtained from the list of matched points. It is also proposed to use an autoregressive (AR) modeling technique for calculating the stereo disparity of each pixel of the two images. The autoregressive filter helps the DP part of the algorithm to calculate the disparity of the pixels when the above pixels are occluded. The above proposed methods offer three distinctive advantages over a conventional stereo system: (1) It easily generates a list of matching points. (2) It adds structure to an object without textures. (3) It is less computational intensive.
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20

Bassi, Mohamed. "Quantification d'incertitudes et objets en dimension infinie". Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMIR03.

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La théorie des polynômes de chaos, étant une alternative moins onéreuse et plus efficace de la simulation de Monte Carlo, reste limitée aux polynômes de variables gaussiennes. On présente une méthode de type hilbertien qui généralise cette théorie et on établit les conditions d’existence et de convergence d’une expansion en Série de Fourier Généralisée. Ensuite, on présente la Statistique des Objets qui permet d’étudier les caractéristiques statistiques d’un ensemble d’objets aléatoires en dimension infinie. En calculant les distances entre les hypervolumes, notamment la distance de Hausdorff, cette méthode permet de déterminer l’objet médian, les objets quantiles et un intervalle de confiance à un seuil donné pour un ensemble fini d’objets aléatoires. Une méthode pour simuler un échantillon de grande taille d’un objet aléatoire à coût computationnel très réduit, et calculer sa moyenne sans faire appel à la distance entre les hypervolumes, fait l’objet de la troisième partie
The Polynomial Chaos theory, being a less expensive and more efficient alternative of the Monte Carlo Simulation, remains limited to the polynomials of Gaussian variables. We present a Hilbertian method that generalizes this theory and we establish the conditions of existence and convergence of an expansion in Generalized Fourier Series. Then, we present the Statistics of Things that allows studying the statistical characteristics of a set of random infinite-dimensional objects. By computing the distances between the hypervolumes, namely the distance of Hausdorff, this method allows determining the median object, the quantile objects and a confidence interval at a given level for a finite set of random objects. In the third section, we address a method for simulating a large size sample of a random object at a much reduced computational cost, and calculating its mean without using the distance between the hypervolumes
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21

Chagas, Luciana Beatriz. "De cidadela a vila: cerâmica, arquitetura e imaginário". Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/27/27159/tde-29062015-122837/.

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Este trabalho faz uma análise do objeto cerâmico inspirado na arquitetura. A partir de referências plásticas, teóricas e iconográficas, foi construído um percurso poético ao longo de quatro anos, resultando em diversos segmentos, ou séries. O memorial descritivo do trabalho plástico apresenta reflexões sobre a conexão entre as cidadelas medievais e a vivência afetiva dos espaços, assim como uma descrição dos processos e técnicas utilizados na realização das peças cerâmicas.
This work analyses the ceramic object inspired by architecture. From artistic, theoretical and iconographic references, a poetic thread was traced throughout four years, resulting in several segments, or series. The written work presents reflections on the link between the medieval citadels and the emotional relationship with the living spaces, as well as a description of the processes and techniques used for modeling and firing the ceramic pieces.
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22

Jaitly, Rahul. "Building and updating a library of three-dimensional objects". Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.265701.

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23

Johansson, Lena. "Personligheter hos mjölkkor". Thesis, Linköping University, Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-57914.

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24

Brisson, Erik. "Representation of d-dimensional geometric objects /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6903.

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25

Gurram, Prudhvi K. "Automated 3D object modeling from aerial video imagery /". Online version of thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/11207.

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26

Tolman, J. D. "Three-dimensional object recognition using vector encoded scene data". Thesis, University of Bradford, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.233692.

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27

Matera, Tomáš. "Visipedia - Multi-dimensional Object Embedding Based on Perceptual Similarity". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-236115.

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Problémy jako je jemnozrnná kategorizace či výpočty s využitím lidských zdrojů se v posledních letech v komunitě stávají stále populárnějšími, což dosvědčuje i značné množství publikací na tato témata. Zatímco většina těchto prací využívá "klasických'' obrazových příznaků extrahovaných počítačem, tato se zaměřuje především na percepční vlastnosti, které nemohou být snadno zachyceny počítači a vyžadují zapojení lidí do procesu sběru dat. Práce zkoumá možnosti levného a efektivního získávání percepčních podobností od uživatelů rovněž ve vztahu ke škálovatelnosti. Dále vyhodnocuje několik relevantních experimentů a představuje metody zlepšující efektivitu sběru dat. Jsou zde také shrnuty a porovnány metody učení multidimenzionálního indexování a prohledávání tohoto prostoru. Získané výsledky jsou následně užity v komplexním experimentu vyhodnoceném na datasetu obrázků jídel. Procedura začíná získáváním podobností od uživatelů, pokračuje vytvořením multidimenzionálního prostoru jídel a končí prohledáváním tohoto prostoru.
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28

Gill, Gurman. "Building a model for a 3D object classs in a low dimensional space for object detection". Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=40739.

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Modeling 3D object classes requires accounting for intra-class variations in an object's appearance under different viewpoints, scale and illumination conditions. Therefore, detecting instances of 3D object classes in the presence of background clutter is difficult. This thesis presents a novel approach to model generic 3D object classes and an algorithm to detect multiple instances of an object class in an arbitrary image. Motivated by the parts-based representation, the proposed approach divides the object into different spatial regions. Each spatial region is associated with an object part whose appearance is represented by a dense set of overlapping SIFT features. The distribution of these features is then described in a lower dimensional space using supervised Locally Linear Embedding. Each object part is essentially represented by a spatial cluster in the embedding space. For viewpoint invariance, the view-sphere comprising the 3D object is divided into a discrete number of view segments. Several spatial clusters represent the object in each view segment. This thesis provides a framework for representing these clusters in either single or multiple embedding spaces. A novel aspect of the proposed approach is that all object parts and the background class are represented in the same lower dimensional space. Thus the detection algorithm can explicitly label features in an image as belonging to an object part or background. Additionally, spatial relationships between object parts are established and employed during the detection stage to localize instances of the object class in a novel image. It is shown that detecting objects based on measuring spatial consistency between object parts is superior to a bag-of-words model that ignores all spatial information. Since generic object classes can be characterized by shape or appearance, this thesis has formulated a method to combine these attributes to enhance the object model. Class-specific local contour featur
La modélisation de classes d'objets 3D nécessite la prise en compte des variations à l'intérieur d'une même classe de l'apparence d'un objet sous différents points de vue, échelles et conditions d'illumination. Par conséquent, la détection de tels objets en présence d'un arrière-plan complexe est difficile. Cette thèse présente une approche nouvelle pour la modélisation générique de classes d'objets 3D, ainsi qu’un algorithme pouvant détecter plusieurs objets d'une classe dans une image.Motivé par la représentation par parties, l'approche proposée divise l'objet en différentes régions spatiales. Chaque région est associée à la partie d'un objet dont l'apparence est représentée par un ensemble dense de caractéristiques SIFT superposées. La distribution de ces caractéristiques est alors projetée dans un espace dimensionnel inférieur à l'aide d'un algorithme supervisé de Locally Linear Embedding. Chaque partie de l'objet est essentiellement représentée par un regroupement spatial dans l'espace englobant. Pour l'invariance de point de vue, la sphère contenant l'objet 3D est divisée en un nombre discret de segments. Plusieurs regroupements spatiaux représentent l'objet dans chaque segment. Cette thèse propose une manière de représenter ces regroupements aussi bien dans des espaces englobants uniques que multiples. Un aspect innovateur de l'approche proposée est que toutes les parties d'objets et les éléments d'arrière-plan sont représentés dans le même espace dimensionnel inférieur. Ainsi, l'algorithme de détection peut explicitement étiqueter des éléments d'une image comme appartenant à une partie d'objet ou à l'arrière-plan. De plus, les relations spatiales entre les parties d'un objet sont déterminées pendant l'étape de détection et employées pour localiser des éléments d'une classe d'objet dans une nouvelle image. Il est démontré que la détection d'objets basée sur la mesure de la consistanc
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29

ATAPHOL, SUJIRAPINYOKUL. "Texniture, a freestanding functional textile object". Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Textilhögskolan, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-20310.

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The purpose of this thesis is to explore the possibilities to create freestanding functional textile object that involves thepotential of traditional textile technique for creating three-dimensional textile structures. These three-dimensional textilestructures are used to generate the style of freestanding functional textile object and to create a product for the public room.The subculture and techniques involved in Thai textile techniques are the inspirations throughout this project. Forexample, sitting on the floor is prominent in this subculture and is, therefore; an initiation of the furniture development in thisproject. Meanwhile, Scandinavian design also influences the aesthetic and finds out the simple solution with its simplicityand functionalism. Nature is also a powerful source of inspiration in creating these three-dimensional knitted textiles.These factors influence the method used to explore techniques, colours and style. Moreover, sociology is considered to guidethe design process and to determine the style of freestanding textile object, for instance; the relationships among people.“Texniture” is a name given to the freestanding functional textile object and is a kind of the furniture created in this project. The resultshows how three-dimensional textiles can be manipulated in space, and aims to give audiences a new understanding of textiles.Texniture 1
Program: Konstnärligt masterprogram i mode- och textildesign
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30

Zhang, Jian y 张简. "Image point matching in multiple-view object reconstruction from imagesequences". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B48079856.

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This thesis is concerned with three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction and point registration, which are fundamental topics of numerous applications in the area of computer vision. First, we propose the multiple epipolar lines (MEL) shape recovery method for 3D reconstruction from an image sequence captured under circular motion. This method involves recovering the 3D shape by reconstructing a set of 3D rim curves. The position of each point on a 3D rim curve is estimated by using three or more views. Two or more of these views are chosen close to each other to guarantee good image point matching, while one or more views are chosen far from these views to properly compensate for the error introduced in the triangulation scheme by the short baseline of the close views. Image point matching among all views is performed using a new method that suitably combines epipolar geometry and cross-correlation. Second, we develop the one line search (OLS) method for estimating the 3D model of an object from a sequence of images. The recovered object comprises a set of 3D rim curves. The OLS method determines the image point correspondences of each 3D point through a single line search along the ray defined by the camera center and each two-dimensional (2D) point where a photo-consistency index is maximized. In accordance with the approach, the search area is independently reduced to a line segment on the number of views. The key advantage of the proposed method is that only one variable is focused on in defining the corresponding 3D point, whereas the approaches for multiple-view stereo typically exploit multiple epipolar lines and hence require multiple variables. Third, we propose the expectation conditional maximization for point registration (ECMPR) algorithm to solve the rigid point registration problem by fitting the problem into the framework of maximum likelihood with missing data. The unknown correspondences are handled via mixture models. We derive a maximization criterion based on the expected complete-data log-likelihood. Then, the point registration problem can be solved by an instance of the expectation conditional maximization algorithm, that is, the ECMPR algorithm. Experiments with synthetic and real data are presented in each section. The proposed approaches provide satisfactory and promising results.
published_or_final_version
Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
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31

Goltsman, Alexander Mark. "Three Dimensional Interferometric Imaging at Terahertz Frequency for Concealed Object Detection". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36351.

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This project was born out of the work performed by a group of researchers at the New Jersey Institute of Technology (NJIT) [1] [2] [3] working on interferometric imaging with a spiral array. Their investigation stopped at two dimensional imaging with a two dimensional array. In this thesis, their idea was developed further into the significantly more complex imaging with a three dimensional array. The general design of the NJIT [1] [2] [3] experiment was reproduced, studied, and modified in a manner that was theorized to enhance the experiment with the added ability to perform three dimensional imaging. The NJIT team [1] [2] [3] has developed their experiment to where they were able to accurately perform two dimensional imaging of two sources of equal intensity located at different distances from a spiral array. In this thesis, the equations used for two dimensional imaging are extrapolated into a three dimensional array application. This three dimensional imaging concept is simulated with MATLAB and the results presented and compared to the NJIT experimental results. [1] [2] [3] A proof of concept physical experiment is conducted and the results are compared to the MATLAB simulation. The results show that additional spatial information can be obtained from a three dimensional array that can enhance the information gleaned from images.
Master of Science
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32

Eren, Gönen. "3D scanning of transparent objects". Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00584061.

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Many practical tasks in industry, such as automatic inspection or robot vision, often require scanning of three-dimensional shapes with non-contact techniques. However, transparent objects, such as those made of glass, still pose difficulties for classical scanning techniques. The reconstruction of surface geometry for transparent objects is complicated by the fact that light is transmitted through, refracted and in some cases reflected by the surface. Current approaches can only deal relatively well with sub-classes of objects. The algorithms are still very specific and not generally applicable. Furthermore, many techniques require considerable acquisition effort and careful calibration. This thesis proposes a new method of determining the surface shape of transparent objects. The method is based on local surface heating and thermal imaging. First, the surface of the object is heated with a laser source. A thermal image is acquired, and pixel coordinates of the heated point are calculated. Then, the 3D coordinates of the surface are computed using triangulation and the initial calibration of the system. The process is repeated by moving the transparent object to recover its surface shape. This method is called Scanning From Heating. Considering the laser beam as a point heating source and the surface of the object locally flat at the impact zone, the Scanning From Heating method is extended to obtain the surface normals of the object, in addition to the 3D world coordinates. A scanner prototype based on Scanning From Heating method has been developed during the thesis.
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33

Dickinson, John Kenneth. "Packing subsets of arbitrary three-dimensional objects". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0012/NQ42508.pdf.

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34

Lundkvist, Christian. "Moduli spaces of zero-dimensional geometric objects". Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Matematik, Kungliga Tekniska högskolan, 2009. http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?searchId=1&pid=diva2:223079.

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35

Cosmas, John Paul. "The generation of 3-dimensional object representations from range images". Thesis, Imperial College London, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/47007.

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36

Schockaert, Cédric. "Three dimensional object analysis and tracking by digital holography microscopy". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210718.

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Digital Holography Microscopy (DHM) is a new 3D measurement technique that exists since Charge Coupled Devices (or CCD cameras) allow to record numerically high resolution images. That opens a new door to the theory of holography discovered in 1949 by Gabor: the door that masked the world of digital hologram processing. A hologram is a usual image but that contains the complex amplitude of the light coded into intensities recorded by the camera. The complex amplitude of the light can be seen as the combination of the energy information (squared amplitude modulus) with the information of the propagation angle of the light (phase of the amplitude) for each point of the image. When the hologram is digital, this dual information associated with a diffractive model of the light propagation permits to numerically investigate back and front planes to the recorded plane of the imaging system. We understand that 3D information can be recorded by a CCD camera and the acquisition rate of this volume information is only limited by the acquisition rate of the unique camera. For each digital hologram, the numerical investigation of front and back regions to the recorded plane is a tool to numerically refocus objects appearing unfocused in the original plane acquired by the CCD.

This thesis aims to develop general and robust algorithms that are devoted to automate the analysis process in the 3D space and in time of objects present in a volume studied by a specific imaging system that permits to record holograms. Indeed, the manual processing of a huge amount of holograms is not realistic and has to be automated by software implementing precise algorithms. In this thesis, the imaging system that records holograms is a Mach-Zehnder interferometer working in transmission and studied objects are either of biological nature (crystals, vesicles, cancer cells) or latex particles. We propose and test focus criteria, based on an identical focus metric, for both amplitude and phase objects. These criteria allow the determination of the best focus plane of an object when the numerical investigation is performed. The precision of the best focus plane is lower than the depth of field of the microscope. From this refocus theory, we develop object detection algorithms that build a synthetic image where objects are bright on a dark background. This detection map of objects is the first step to a fully automatic analysis of objects present in one hologram. The combination of the detection algorithm and the focus criteria allow the precise measurement of the 3D position of the objects, and of other relevant characteristics like the object surface in its focus plane, or its convexity or whatever. These extra relevant measures are carried out with a segmentation algorithm adapted to the studied objects of this thesis (opaque objects, and transparent objects in a uniform refractive index environment). The last algorithm investigated in this research work is the data association in time of objects from hologram to hologram in order to extract 3D trajectories by using the predictive Kalman filtering theory.

These algorithms are the abstract bricks of two software: DHM Object Detection and Analysis software, and Kalman Tracking software. The first software is designed for both opaque and transparent objects. The term object is not defined by one other characteristic in this work, and as a consequence, the developed algorithms are very general and can be applied on various objects studied in transmission by DHM. The tracking software is adapted to the dynamic applications of the thesis, which are flows of objects. Performance and results are exposed in a specific chapter.


Doctorat en sciences appliquées
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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37

Wong, Yick Kei. "An object-oriented approach to dimensional analysis for engineering design". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0017/MQ55033.pdf.

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38

Wong, Yick Kei 1973. "An object-oriented approach to dimensional analysis for engineering design /". Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=29869.

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This thesis considers an object-oriented approach to dimensional analysis for engineering design. A dimensional analysis system is developed which can be applied to the knowledge-based engineering design especially of electromagnetic devices. All the system is coded in C++. A shell version is developed and can be run in various operating systems such as Windows, Linux, Digital Unix and SunOS while a DLL version with a GUI is developed under the Windows95 operating system. The system can provide several different levels of functionality. A user can always choose one of the eight services and perform different dimensional analyses.
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39

鄭則平 y Chuk-ping Cheng. "Noodle: a three-dimensional net-based object-oriented development environment". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1994. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31211276.

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40

Caparrelli, Fabio. "View-based three-dimensional object recognition using pairwise geometric histograms". Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.322876.

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41

AZEVEDO, ROBERTO GERSON DE ALBUQUERQUE. "SUPPORTING THREE-DIMENSIONAL MEDIA OBJECT CONTROL AND PRESENTATION IN NCL". PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2010. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=16864@1.

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COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
O mundo em que vivemos é formado por um espaço fisicamente tridimensional e é natural que o ser humano busque representá-lo da forma mais fiel possível, também em ambientes virtuais. Na Web, por exemplo, já existem vários esforços na busca do suporte a criação de aplicações 3D interativas de forma declarativa, grande parte deles são baseados nos conceitos de grafos de cena e grafos de rotas. Grafos de cena têm se tornado um padrão de modelagem espacial de aplicações tridimensionais por meio de uma abordagem hierárquica e declarativa. Por sua vez, o comportamento do grafo de cena usualmente tem sido especificado por meio de grafos de rotas ou linguagens imperativas. No que se refere à TV Digital Interativa (TVDi), por outro lado, ainda há muito a ser feito. Nested Context Language (NCL) é a linguagem declarativa padrão para o sistema de TV Digital Terrestre ISDB-TB e Recomendação ITU-T para serviços IPTV, que permite a autoria de documentos hipermídia por meio de uma abordagem simples e expressiva. Embora NCL não restrinja qualquer tipo de objeto de mídia, na sua versão atual (3.0), ela trata apenas objetos de mídia bidimensionais, relacionando-os temporal e espacialmente. Dada a importância de NCL no cenário de TVDi, esta pesquisa objetiva discutir como tal linguagem pode também controlar objetos tridimensionais, permitindo a criação de aplicações 3D para TVDi. Como caso especial, este trabalho discute como NCL pode controlar o comportamento de objetos 3D compostos representados por grafos de cenas, discutindo suas vantagens e desvantagens em relação ao uso de grafos de rotas. Visando testar a proposta deste trabalho, foi adicionado um exibidor de mídia X3D (linguagem baseada em grafo de cena) à implementação de referência do Ginga-NCL, responsável por executar aplicações NCL. Adicionalmente, também é proposta a extensão dos eventos tratados por NCL, para refletir eventos específicos de ambientes 3D, e a incorporação de regiões, baseadas em objetos geométricos 3D, à NCL, com o objetivo de possibilitar a apresentação de objetos de mídia 2D sobre a superfície de objetos 3D.
The world where we live in is physically formed by a three-dimensional space and it is natural human being wants to represent it as faithful as possible. In Web for example there are a lot of efforts in order to support the creation of interactive 3D applications, most of them based on scene graphs and route graphs. Scene graphs have become a standard for modeling spatial 3D applications from a hierarchical and declarative approach. In order to represent the scene graphs behavior, route graphs or imperative languages are more commonly used. As regards Interactive Digital Television (iDTV), on the other hand, there is still a lot of work to be done. Nested Context Language (NCL) is the standard declarative language for Terrestrial Digital Television Systems (ISDB-T) and IPTV (ITU-T), which allows the hypermedia document authoring through a simple and expressiveness approach. Even though NCL does not restrict any type of media object, in its current version (3.0), NCL treats only two-dimensional objects, relating them temporally and spatially. Given the importance of NCL in the iDTV scenario, this research aims discuss how it can also control three-dimensional objects. As a special case, this work discusses how NCL can control composite object behavior represented by scene graphs, discussing its advantages and disadvantages. In order to test what was proposed, an X3D (which is an ISO standard language based on scene graphs) player was incorporated to the Ginga-NCL reference implementation, which is responsible to play NCL applications. Additionally, it is also proposed a new set of NCL events, in order to reflect three-dimensional events, and the incorporation of NCL regions based on three-dimensional geometric, so that the presentation of two-dimensional media objects over 3D object’s surfaces is possible.
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42

Villalobos, Leda. "Three dimensional primitive CAD-based object recognition from range images". Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 1994. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1057759966.

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43

Cheng, Chuk-ping. "Noodle : a three-dimensional net-based object-oriented development environment /". [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1994. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13867659.

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44

Jackway, Paul Thomas. "Morphological scale-space with application to three-dimensional object recognition". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1994.

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45

Wang, Yu. "Efficient modeling methods for freeform objects /". View abstract or full-text, 2006. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?MECH%202006%20WANG.

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46

Evnin, Oleg Schwarz John H. "On quantum interacting embedded geometrical objects of various dimensions /". Diss., Pasadena, Calif. : Caltech, 2006. http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-06072006-174745.

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47

Fraser, Mike C. "Working with objects in collaborative virtual environments". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.364659.

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48

Wang, Changling. "Sketch based 3D freeform object modeling with non-manifold data structure /". View Abstract or Full-Text, 2002. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?MECH%202002%20WANGC.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2002.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 143-152). Also available in electronic version. Access restricted to campus users.
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49

Borges, Dibio Leandro. "Recognising three-dimensional objects using parameterized volumetric models". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/751.

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This thesis addressed the problem of recognizing 3-D objects, using shape information extracted from range images, and parameterized volumetric models. The domains of the geometric shapes explored is that of complex curved objects with articulated parts, and a great deal of similarity between some of the parts. These objects are exemplified by animal shapes, however the general characteristics and complexity of these shapes are present in a wide range of other natural and man-made objects. In model-based object recognition three main issues constrain the design of a complete solution: representation, feature extraction, and interpretation. this thesis develops an integrated approach that addresses these three issues in the context of the above mentioned domain of objects. For representation I propose a composite description using globally deformable superquadratics and a set of volumetric primitives called geons: this description is shown to have representational and discriminative properties suitable for recognition. Feature extraction comprises a segmentation process which develops a method to extract a parts-based description of the objects as assemblies of defoemable superquadratics. Discontinuity points detected from the images are linked using 'active contour' minimization technique, and deformable superquadratic models are fitted to the resulting regions afterwards. Interpretation is split into three components: classification of parts, matching, and pose estimation. A Radical Basis Function [RBF] classifier algoritm is presented in order to classify the superquadratics shapes derived from the segmentation into one of twelve geon classes. The matching component is decomposed into two stages: first, an indexing scheme which makes effective use of the output of the [RBF] classifier in order to direct the search to the models which contain the parts identified. this makes the search more efficient, and with a model library that is organised in a meaningful and robust way, permits growth without compromising performance. Second, a method is proposed where the hypotheses picked from the index are searched using an Interpretation Tree algorithm combined with a quality measure to evaluate the bindings and the final valid hypotheses based on Possibility Theory, or Theory of Fuzzy Sets. The valid hypotheses ranked by the matching process are then passed to the pose estimation module. This module uses a Kalman Filter technique that includes the constraints on the articulations as perfect measurements, and as such provides a robust and generic way to estimate pose in object domains such as the one approached here. These techniques are then combined to produce an integrated approach to the object recognition task. The thesis develops such an integrated approach, and evaluates its perfomance inthe sample domain. Future extensions of each technique and the overall integration strategy are discussed.
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Hughes, H. W. "Recognition of three dimensional objects using deformable models". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/19857.

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This thesis considers the problem of efficiently identifying and locating instances of classes of three dimensional objects by matching them with a single generic model that represents that entire class of object. Since a member of an object class will normally differ from the prototype that represents the class, the approach used here is to allow the model to stretch, or deform, to fit the object. The input image data may contain one or more objects of unknown identity and location, each of which is assumed to belong to a class of object for which there is a corresponding model. Both objects and models are represented by three dimensional surface data with the object data pre-segmented into surfaces of uniform curvature. The process of deforming and matching the models to the object data is achieved in two stages. In the first stage combinations of object surfaces are formed and a search made for suitable object to model correspondences. Simple constraints are developed to reduce the search space to an acceptable size. When a correspondence is achieved, an initial estimate of the stretch required in the model is made and the model that contains those surfaces is selected for further matching. Because only those models for which there is evidence in the image are selected for further matching, the search space is further reduced. The second stage of the process involves taking those models selected in the first stage and performing a rigorous geometric search for any remaining model to object correspondences. As part of this process, the locations of the objects in the image are predicted and the deformation parameters refined as new correspondences are found. The location and deformation parameters provide further constraints for the geometric search, reducing the search space still more. Recognition is demonstrated with a variety of objects, both synthetic and real, and the results discussed. The use of deformable models in object recognition was found to be a good means by which to represent and match objects from classes showing three types of deformation - scale, stretch and small variation. The model deformation as formulated enabled the identity of the corresponding objects and their parameters of deformation to be determined with accuracy and efficiency.
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