Libros sobre el tema "Object characterization"
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1
Scott, Carroll, Zimmt Werner S, Spurgeon David 1962- y Lane Stacey K, eds. Material characterization tests for objects of art and archaeology. 2a ed. London: Archetype Publications, 2005.
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Foliage penetration radar: Detection and characterization of objects under trees. Raleigh, NC: SciTech Pub., 2011.
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Gril, Joseph, ed. Wood Science for Conservation of Cultural Heritage – Braga 2008. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6453-165-6.
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COST Action IE0601 "Wood Science for Conservation of Cultural Heritage" (www.woodculther.org) aims to improve the conservation of European wooden cultural heritage objects, by fostering research and interaction between researchers in various fields of wood science, conservators of wooden artworks, scientists from related fields. These proceedings contain the papers presented in the 2nd International Conference held in Braga (Portugal) 5-7/11/2008, dealing with themes such as material properties, biological degradation, characterization and measurement techniques, conservation, structures. This conference was patronized by the European Society for Wood Mechanics (ESWM), an informal body promoting wood mechanics in Europe by regular organisation of meetings through running COST Actions.
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Rieger, Christopher. Faulkner’s Fashion. Bloomsbury Publishing Inc, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798765103982.
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The first book-length study of clothing and dress across William Faulkner’s novels and short stories. Clothing is one of the most important and pervasive material items throughout William Faulkner’s fiction. Faulkner's Fashion analyzes the writer’s use of clothing from a variety of critical approaches, considering how clothing and dress intersect with race, class, and gender across Faulkner’s works. It also considers clothes as material objects, using Thing Theory and Object Oriented Ontology to illuminate the role clothing plays as an object in conjunction with its multiple layers of symbolic meaning to both the wearer and the observer. Faulkner's Fashion reveals how much attention Faulkner pays to garments and fashion in his own life and in his fiction, arguing that dress is often a means of characterization for Faulkner, while it also connects his narrative representations of gender, sexuality, class, poverty, race, and modernity.
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Azzouni, Jody. Ontology Without Borders. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190622558.001.0001.
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Part I is metametaphysics. Quantifier variance views are criticized, and it’s shown that ontological debate, to be cogent, requires a single existence concept shared by debate participants. Natural language expresses such a concept which has certain formal properties—univocality among them. It’s shown that an ontological neutralist interpretation of quantifier domains (both formal- and natural-language) is consistent and consistent with usage data. Finally, several puzzles, among them Hob-Nob sentences and truth-talk about fictions, are resolved using the neutralist interpretation. A result established here is crucial to establishing the metaphysics argued for in part II: the general invalidity of indispensability arguments. Part II is metaphysics. An austere metaphysical position—feature metaphysics—is presented and argued for. Features aren’t properties or relations or objects of any sort. They have no individuation conditions. A feature-characterization language, with the expressive strength provided by quantifiers, is given; and using the results of part I, it’s shown that no commitments to objects arise when using this language. Feature-characterization languages supplant predication (properties of objects) with an “is at” relation or a co-occurrence relation between features. It’s shown that the resulting notion doesn’t yield a property-bundle view. Feature metaphysics is argued for by showing that the notion of object borders (central to individuation conditions for objects) cannot be interpreted metaphysically. This is also true of the individuation conditions used by philosophers to argue for tropes over universals, or vice versa. The resulting position allows us to distinguish what we project onto the world from what we find there.
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Azzouni, Jody. Feature-Characterization Languages. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190622558.003.0009.
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The language appropriate to feature metaphysics is described. This language is one that induces no commitments to objects, although it allows an expression of a commitment to the reality of ontological borders. The language resembles, on the surface, weather reports, with apparently pleonastic subject terms. Feature-characterization languages are shown to be as expressively powerful as those that utilize first-order quantification. They differ from first-order languages because the traditional predication relation (which presupposes objects and properties and relations of those objects) is replaced by an “is at” relation that presupposes none of these things. It’s also shown that the presupposition of locations (in space and time) isn’t required either. The language requires, metaphysically, only that features co-occur.
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Pfeiffer, Christian. Body in Categories 6. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198779728.003.0005.
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This chapter expands on the basic theory, which is presented in the Categories. It offers a treatment of the mereotopological properties of bodies, for instance, what belongs to them insofar as they are bodies of physical substances. Bodies are complete and perfect in virtue of being three‐dimensional. Body is prior to surfaces and lines and, because bodies are complete, there cannot be a four‐dimensional magnitude. The explanation offered is that certain topological properties are linked to and determined by the nature of the object in question. Body is a composite of the boundary and the interior or extension. A formal characterization of boundaries as limit entities is offered and it is argued that boundaries are dependent particulars. Similarly, the extension is ontologically dependent on bodies. Aristotle’s argument that the extension of objects is divisible into ever‐divisibles is revisited.
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Odegaard, Nancy. Material Characterization Tests for Objects of Art. 2a ed. Archetype Books, 2005.
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Bistatic Radar Cross Section (RCS) Characterization of Complex Objects. Storming Media, 1999.
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Odegaard, Nancy, Scott Carroll y Werner S. Zimmt. Material Characterization Tests for Objects of Art and Archaeology. Archetype Publications Ltd, 2000.
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Livingston, Paisley. Literature. Editado por Jerrold Levinson. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199279456.003.0030.
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Claims about the essence of literature have not always been motivated by the goal of identifying the proper object of a field of scientific research. Sometimes the point has been to denounce literature as a source of mimetic corruption and deceit. More frequently, great moral or epistemic value has been attributed to literature, where what is really meant is ‘literature at its best’. One example — among hundreds — is Maurice Blanchot's characterization of literature as a sceptical process crucial to a kind of existential authenticity. A plausible complaint about such theorizings is that they overlook the importance of recognizing the existence of bad literature, and of good literature that happens to lack those virtues the theorist cares to promote.
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Charleux, Bernadette, Christophe Coperet y Emmanuel Lacote. Chemistry of Organo-hybrids: Synthesis and Characterization of Functional Nano-Objects. Wiley, 2015.
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Charleux, Bernadette, Christophe Coperet y Emmanuel Lacote. Chemistry of Organo-Hybrids: Synthesis and Characterization of Functional Nano-Objects. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2015.
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Charleux, Bernadette, Christophe Coperet y Emmanuel Lacote. Chemistry of Organo-Hybrids: Synthesis and Characterization of Functional Nano-Objects. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2015.
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Charleux, Bernadette, Christophe Coperet y Emmanuel Lacote. Chemistry of Organo-Hybrids: Synthesis and Characterization of Functional Nano-Objects. Wiley & Sons, Limited, John, 2015.
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Brewer, Bill. Objects and the Explanation of Perception. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198809630.003.0011.
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Persisting macroscopic material objects play a fundamental role in our commonsense understanding of the world around us, and this is central to our appreciation of their status as mind-independent things. I offer a characterization of one central aspect of this explanatory role and elaborate a conception of such objects themselves that I argue is essential to their playing it. I conclude that the objects that play this fundamental explanatory role meet the conception that I elaborate. The material objects that we encounter in perception are evidently independent of our perceptions of them; and, as such, they conform to what I call the Natural Continuants View.
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Azzouni, Jody. Focusing in on (Some of) the Real. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190622558.003.0010.
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The ways that we project objects—specifically their contours—for different purposes, scientific and otherwise, are described. Scientific domains are contoured the way they are because of specific aims of study. Our ways of changing the contours of objects give rise to sorities-style puzzles. These are described and analyzed. Vagueness is given a description in featural terms. The notion of “empty” space is probed. A metaphor-free characterization of exactly how we change the contours of objects for various purposes (change the “focus”) is given. Features are “mind-independent” and “objective.” This earlier criterion for what exists is modified to apply to features.
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Radcliffe, Elizabeth S. The Passions as Original Existences. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199573295.003.0005.
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Hume’s thesis that reason and passion cannot be opposed depends in part on his defense of the claim that because passions do not represent, they cannot oppose the representations, or beliefs, that reason yields. Hume’s characterization of the passions as “original existences,” which do not refer to anything outside of themselves, is remarkable. For it does seem, contrary to Hume’s other words, that passions have intentionality and make reference to their objects; it also appears that Hume is inconsistent, since he explicitly depicts indirect passions as having objects. Chapter 4 vindicates Hume’s view of the passions as having objects, but without making reference to them, and shows that while Hume has both a phenomenal and a structural conception of passion, each is appropriate for its own context. It also examines in what sense passions can be thought “reasonable.”
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Atkins, Richard Kenneth. From Phenomenology to Phaneroscopy. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190887179.003.0005.
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Peirce first recognizes a science of phenomenology in 1902, but in 1904 he changes the name of the science to phaneroscopy. This change is motivated by a desire for terminological exactness. After rejecting “phenomena,” “pure experience,” and “idea” as appropriate words for the object of phenomenological investigation, Peirce settles on “phaneron.” He changes the suffix from “-logy” to “-scopy” to indicate that the science is primarily observational. Peirce’s characterizations of the phaneron change over the course of his investigations because of four problems he faces. Those problems are whether the phenomenologist studies the possibilities of consciousness or actual consciousnesses, how we can generalize observations of our own conscious experiences to what any conscious experience is like, how we can make our conception of the object of phenomenological investigation clearer, and how we can speak of the phaneron as a totality and yet reference its parts.
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Higginbotham, James. Languages and Idiolects: Their Language and Ours. Editado por Ernest Lepore y Barry C. Smith. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199552238.003.0006.
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An idiolectal conception of language is compatible with a substantive role for external things — objects, including other people — in the characterization of idiolects. Illustrations of this role are not hard to come by. The point of looking outward from the individual is pretty evident for the case of reference to perceptually encountered objects: had the world been significantly different, a person with the same molecular history would have acquired, and called by the same familiar names, different physical and other concepts. An idiolectal conception of language is by no means committed, and has some reason to be opposed, to internalism, and to individualism in Burge's sense; that is, to the view that the organization of the body, abstracting from external things, is constitutive of any linguistically significant aspect of language.
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Moss, Jessica. Plato's Epistemology. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198867401.001.0001.
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This book argues that Plato’s epistemology is radically different from our own. Unlike knowledge and belief as nowadays conceived, the central players in his epistemology are each essentially to be understood as cognition of a certain kind of object. Epistêmê is cognition of what Is—where this turns out to mean that it is a deep grasp of ultimate reality. Doxa is cognition of what seems—where this turns out to mean that it is atheoretical thought that mistakes images for reality. These objects-based characterizations, inchoate in the earlier dialogues and fully developed in the Republic, are the bedrock conceptions of epistêmê and doxa that explain all their other features, including the restriction of epistêmê to Forms and doxa to perceptibles. Moreover, Plato does epistemology this way because his epistemological projects are motivated by his central ethical and metaphysical views. He holds that there is a crucial metaphysical distinction between two levels of reality: genuine Being, which is hidden and difficult to access, and something ontologically inferior but readily apparent, presenting itself to us as real. He also holds that there is a crucial ethical distinction stemming from this metaphysical one: to be in contact with Being is to be living well, while to rest content with the inferior level is not only to fail to live well, but to hinder oneself from aspiring to do so. Therefore, when Plato turns to epistemological investigations, the distinction he finds most salient is that between cognitive contact with what Is and cognitive contact with what seems.
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Stanghellini, Giovanni. Empathy and beyond. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198792062.003.0034.
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This chapter discusses previous characterizations of empathy. It argues that understanding severe aberrations of experience requires a kind of training that goes beyond a conception of spontaneous empathic skills, and at the same time avoids the pitfalls of empathy based on the clinician’s personal experiences and common-sense categories. To achieve this kind of second-order empathy I need to acknowledge the autonomy of the other person, and consequently that the life-world of the other person is not like my own. The supposition that the other lives in a world just like my own—i.e. he experiences time, space, his own body, others, the materiality of objects, etc., just as I do—is often the source of serious misunderstandings.
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Radcliffe, Elizabeth S. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199573295.003.0001.
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The Introduction offers, first, a brief historical background to Hume’s theory of the passions, which is further elaborated in the APPENDIX. Foremost among the theses of the early modern rationalists—like Reynolds, Senault, Descartes, Cudworth, and Clarke—to which Hume is responding are: that many passions left unregulated lead to the pursuit of unsuitable objects, that reason can overcome the pernicious influence of the passions and control our actions, and that the passions are states that represent good and evil. Second, the Introduction presents a sketch of Hume’s characterization of reason and passion and his account of their relationship. Third, it explains the method of interpretation used in this book and previews its chapters. The approach is coherentist: to present an intelligible and consistent picture of Hume’s theory of passion and action, accounting for as many of the relevant texts as possible.
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LeBuffe, Michael. Reason as an Idea. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190845803.003.0003.
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Spinoza’s characterization of ideas of reason in Ethics 2 makes reason distinctive both psychologically and epistemologically. Psychologically, ideas of reason are frequently present to mind and, as a result, powerful influences on human belief and action; a notable class of ideas of reason, the common notions, are always present to mind. Within such ideas we always regard certain properties to be present in the objects of our experience. Epistemologically, ideas of reason are a distinctively human kind of knowledge, where we cannot immediately know the essences of singular things, as on many views gods or angels might. Instead, in the first instance, rational knowledge is knowledge of properties of things in experience. From such knowledge, Spinoza argues, we can also come to further knowledge by means of processes, and it is these processes that closely resemble what many readers today will recognize as reasoning.
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Radcliffe, Elizabeth S. Belief. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199573295.003.0004.
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Hume’s characterization of belief is crucial in the debate over whether beliefs could be motives. Hume seemed to doubt his account of belief in the Treatise, made corrections to it in the Appendix, and developed the corrected view in the first Enquiry. At least three readings of Hume’s portrayal of belief are viable contenders: (1) as a vivacious idea; (2) as a sentiment (which could motivate); and (3) as a disposition to behavioral manifestations. However, Hume did not intend to identify belief with a sentiment, but with an idea having a distinctive sentimental aspect. Hume’s notion of belief as a vivacious idea is not undermined by his hesitations, and ideas are not intrinsically motivating states. This discussion also considers to what degree the recent manner of distinguishing beliefs and desires in terms of “direction of fit” is rooted in Hume’s theory and replies to criticisms that imply Hume was confused about reason’s objects.
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Mark, James E., Dale W. Schaefer y Gui Lin. The Polysiloxanes. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195181739.001.0001.
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Polysiloxanes are the most studied inorganic and semi-inorganic polymers because of their many medical and commercial uses. The Si-O backbone endows polysiloxanes with intriguing properties: the strength of the Si-O bond imparts considerable thermal stability, and the nature of the bonding imparts low surface free energy. Prostheses, artificial organs, objects for facial reconstruction, vitreous substitutes in the eyes, and tubing take advantage of the stability and pliability of polysiloxanes. Artificial skin, contact lenses, and drug delivery systems utilize their high permeability. Such biomedical applications have led to biocompatibility studies on the interactions of polysiloxanes with proteins, and there has been interest in modifying these materials to improve their suitability for general biomedical application. Polysiloxanes examines novel aspects of polysiloxane science and engineering, including properties, work in progress, and important unsolved problems. The volume, with ten comprehensive chapters, examines the history, preparation and analysis, synthesis, characterization, and applications of these polymeric materials.
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Radcliffe, Elizabeth S. Hume, Passion, and Action. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199573295.001.0001.
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David Hume’s theory of action is well known for several provocative theses, including that passion and reason cannot be opposed over the direction of action. In Hume, Passion, and Action, the author defends an original interpretation of Hume’s views on passion, reason, and motivation that is consistent with other theses in Hume’s philosophy, loyal to his texts, and historically situated. This book challenges the now orthodox interpretation of Hume on motivation, presenting an alternative that situates Hume closer to “Humeans” than many recent interpreters have. Part of the strategy is to examine the thinking of the early modern intellectuals to whom Hume responds. Most of these thinkers insisted that passions lead us to pursue harmful objects unless regulated by reason; and most regarded passions as representations of good and evil, which can be false. Understanding Hume’s response to these claims requires appreciating his respective characterizations of reason and passion. The author argues that Hume’s thesis that reason is practically impotent apart from passion is about beliefs generated by reason, rather than about the capacity of reason. Furthermore, the argument makes sense of Hume’s sometimes-ridiculed description of passions as “original existences” having no reference to objects. The author also shows how Hume understood morality as intrinsically motivating, while holding that moral beliefs are not themselves motives, and why he thought of passions as self-regulating, contrary to the admonitions of the rationalists.
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Thanh, Nguyen Trung. Infrared Thermography for the Detection and Characterization of Buried Objects: Thesis Submitted in Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Award of the Degree of Doctor in Engineering by Nguyen Trung Thành. Academic & Scientific Publishers, 2007.
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LeBuffe, Michael. Spinoza on Reason. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190845803.001.0001.
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In metaphysics, Spinoza associates reasons with causes or explanations. He contends that there is a reason for whatever exists and whatever does not exist. In his account of the human mind, Spinoza makes reason a peculiarly powerful kind of idea and the only source of our knowledge of objects in experience. In his moral theory, Spinoza introduces dictates of reason, which are action-guiding prescriptions. In politics, Spinoza suggests that reason, with religion, motivates cooperation in society. Reason shapes Spinoza’s philosophy, and central debates about Spinoza—including his place in the history of philosophy and in the European Enlightenment—turn upon our understanding of these claims. Spinoza on Reason starts with striking claims in each of these areas drawn from Spinoza’s two great works, the Ethics and the Theological Political Treatise; the book takes each characterization of reason on its own terms, explaining the claims and their historical context. While acknowledging the striking variety of reason’s roles, this work emphasizes the extent to which these different doctrines build upon one another. The result is a rich understanding of the meaning and function of each claim and, in the book’s conclusion, a detailed and accurate account of the contribution of reason to the systematic coherence of Spinoza’s philosophy.
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Netzer, Falko P. y Claudine Noguera. Oxide Thin Films and Nanostructures. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198834618.001.0001.
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Nanostructured oxide materials ultra-thin films, nanoparticles and other nanometer-scale objects play prominent roles in many aspects of our every-day life, in nature and in technological applications, among which is the all-oxide electronics of tomorrow. Due to their reduced dimensions and dimensionality, they strongly interact with their environment gaseous atmosphere, water or support. Their novel physical and chemical properties are the subject of this book from both a fundamental and an applied perspective. It reviews and illustrates the various methodologies for their growth, fabrication, experimental and theoretical characterization. The role of key parameters such as film thickness, nanoparticle size and support interactions in driving their fundamental properties is underlined. At the ultimate thickness limit, two-dimensional oxide materials are generated, whose functionalities and potential applications are described. The emerging field of cation mixing is mentioned, which opens new avenues for engineering many oxide properties, as witnessed by natural oxide nanomaterials such as clay minerals, which, beyond their role at the Earth surface, are now widely used in a whole range of human activities. Oxide nanomaterials are involved in many interdisciplinary fields of advanced nanotechnologies: catalysis, photocatalysis, solar energy materials, fuel cells, corrosion protection, and biotechnological applications are amongst the areas where they are making an impact; prototypical examples are outlined. A cautious glimpse into future developments of scientific activity is finally ventured to round off the treatise.
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Bronner, Simon J., ed. Jewishness. Liverpool University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781904113454.001.0001.
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This book proposes that the idea of ‘Jewish’, or what people think of as ‘Jewishness’, is revealed in expressions of culture and applied in constructions of identity and representation. Part I considers how the kabbalistic red string found at sites throughout Israel conveys a political and psychological response to terrorism. It examines Jewish and non-Jewish narratives concerning a synagogue in eastern Europe and looks at expressions of cultural continuity in displaced persons camps in the aftermath of the Holocaust. It then discusses how Jewish folk music was presented as high art in early twentieth-century Germany. Part II enquires how the objects taken by emigrants leaving Germany for Palestine after Hitler's rise to power represented their identities. It examines how survivors' narratives become integrated into family identities and offers close readings of how the identities of Jews as enacted in post-perestroika films highlight conflicting Russian attitudes towards Jews. It then considers commercial establishments as ‘sacred spaces’ for Jewish secular identities. Part III opens with stories collected in Israel from Jews who lived in Carpatho-Russia. It then considers the characterization of the Jewish woman in French literature and decodes the Jewishness of modern radio comedy and Hollywood film. The idea of Jewishness is applied in the volume with provocative interpretations of Jewish experience, and fresh approaches to the understanding of Jewish cultural expressions.