Tesis sobre el tema "Nutrient removal"
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Henderson, Courtney Francis Keith. "The Chemical and Biological Mechanisms of Nutrient Removal from Stormwater in Bioretention Systems". Thesis, Griffith University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366977.
Texto completoThesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Engineering
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
Full Text
Klaus, Stephanie Anne. "Intensification of Biological Nutrient Removal Processes". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/103073.
Texto completoDoctor of Philosophy
When the activated sludge process was first implemented at the beginning of the 20th century, the goal was mainly oxygen demand reduction. In the past few decades, treatment goals have expanded to include nutrient (nitrogen and phosphorus) removal, in response to regulations protecting receiving bodies of water. The only practical way to remove nitrogen in municipal wastewater is via biological treatment, utilizing bacteria, and sometimes archaea, to convert the influent ammonium to dinitrogen gas. Orthophosphate on the other hand can either be removed via chemical precipitation using metal salts or by conversion to and storage of polyphosphate by polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAO) and then removed in the waste sludge. Nitrification/denitrification and chemical phosphorus removal are well-established practices but utilize more resources than processes without nutrient removal in the form of chemical addition (alkalinity for nitrification, external carbon for denitrification, and metal salts for chemical phosphorus removal), increased reactor volume, and increased aeration energy. Intensification refers to utilizing wastewater treatment processes that decrease chemical and energy demands, increase energy recovery, and reduce the process footprint (or increased capacity in an existing footprint) all while providing the same level of nutrient removal as traditional methods. Shortcut nitrogen removal processes; including nitrite shunt, partial nitritation/anammox, and partial denitrification/anammox, as well as low-carbon biological phosphorus removal, were critically-evaluated in this study with an overall objective of intensification of existing infrastructure. Partial nitritation/anammox is a relatively new technology that has been implemented in many full-scale sidestream processes with high ammonia concentrations, but that has proven difficult in more dilute mainstream conditions due to the difficulty in suppressing nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB). Even more challenging is integrating biological phosphorus removal with shortcut nitrogen removal, because biological phosphorus removal requires the readily biodegradable carbon that is diverted. Partial denitrification/anammox provides a viable alternation to partial nitritation/anammox, which may be better suited for integration with biological phosphorus removal.
Craggs, Rupert Justin. "Wastewater nutrient removal by marine microalgae". Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/14217.
Texto completoPozza, Carlo [Verfasser]. "Nutrient removal in wastewater using microalgae / Carlo Pozza". Aachen : Shaker, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1053903855/34.
Texto completoManyumba, Future. "Biological nutrient removal using a large pilot plant". Thesis, University of Leeds, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.434590.
Texto completoRosendo, Kali M. "Floating Treatment Island configuration for optimum nutrient removal". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/119320.
Texto completoCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 45-46).
Floating Treatment Islands (FTIs) have been studied as a method to mitigate the risks associated with high nutrient levels in contaminated water. The goal of this project was to compare fractional treatment rates by a series of FTIs located at the edge of a channel, allowing the center channel to remain clear. Experiments were performed using a scaled-down model floating treatment island (FTI) with a 19 x 24.5 cm x 10 cm root zone modeled using 3.6 mm diameter dowel rods (n = 75/135 cm 2, low flow blockage) attached to the inside wall of a 1.2 m wide x 16 m long flume. Three cases were considered, with four FTIs spaced at various distances based on the length scale L of the FTI: the closest spacing had each FTI located 2L downstream of the last, the mid-range spacing were placed 4L apart, and the farthest spacing had each FTI 8L past the last. Based on the cross-sectionally averaged flow rates measured at the leading and trailing edges of the root zone, treatment rates within the root zone were estimated using a first-order kinetic model, and an iterative method was used to solve for the fractional treatment by the series of FTIs. This paper explores the effects of various parameters on treatment, including flow rates and velocity recovery, biological uptake rate, and island size. Finally, the researcher evaluated which setup provided the most treatment for a given number of treatment islands. It was found that the 8L spacing provided the best treatment, significantly more than the 4L or 2L spacing for k < 10 day⁻¹ according to the results of a two-sample t-test. For a set of 8L spaced FTIs with an uptake rate of 1 day⁻¹ with a cross-sectional coverage of 13.6%, it would be possible to reduce the upstream nutrient concentration by 25% over a channel length of roughly 3.5 km, 50% over a channel length of 10 km, and 90% over a channel length of approximately 32 km. These treatment rates could have the potential to mitigate the risk of eutrophication in sufficiently long channels.
by Kali M. Rosendo.
M. Eng.
Popple, Tina. "The behaviour, fate and removal of pharmaceuticals in biological nutrient removal sewage treatment". Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2013. https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-behaviour-fate-and-removal-of-pharmaceuticals-in-biological-nutrient-removal-sewage-treatment(7b67f73d-d777-4a25-9b7b-0ae3edcc58dc).html.
Texto completoHOSSAIN, FAHIM. "NUTRIENT REMOVAL FROM STORMWATER BY USING GREEN SORPTION MEDIA". Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2008. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4097.
Texto completoM.S.
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Engineering and Computer Science
Environmental Engr MSEnvE
Hong, Chon Choi. "Effect of chloride on biological nutrient removal from wastewater". Thesis, University of Macau, 2007. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1636963.
Texto completoRiggsbee, James Adam Doyle Martin W. "Short-term nutrient and sediment fluxes following dam removal". Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2006. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,530.
Texto completoTitle from electronic title page (viewed Oct. 10, 2007). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering." Discipline: Environmental Sciences and Engineering; Department/School: Public Health.
Kroeger, Anne-Caroline. "Monitoring and simulating nutrient removal in a constructed wetland". Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=18812.
Texto completoSur le plan de la qualité de l'eau, la première source de préoccupation dans le bassin agricole de la rivière aux Brochets concerne les teneurs élevées en phosphore. Une partie des eaux du ruisseau Walbridge, un tributaire de la rivière aux Brochets, a été détourné vers un marais filtrant aménagé en dérivation du ruisseau. Le marais est composé de trois bassins en série et la rétention des éléments nutritifs (azote et phosphore) été évaluée dans ce système. Les apports hydrauliques et nutritifs ont été mesurés de façon continue durant la période de croissance végétale (Mai-Nov) de 4 années (2003-06). En moyenne, l'apport hydraulique au marais filtrant était de 25 cm/jour. La rétention de phosphore total (8.47 kg) dans le système représentait 44% des apports en phosphore total (19.3 kg), tandis que la rétention de nitrates (132.5 kg) représentait 13 % des apports en nitrates (995 kg). Les taux de rétention moyens exprimés par unité de surface du système (1.7 g phosphore total m-2 année-1 et 27.4 g NO3- m-2 année-1) se comparent aux valeurs de la littérature. Cette étude apporte des données additionnelles pour faire la preuve que les marais filtrants en climat tempéré canadien ont la capacité d'assainir les cours d'eau en milieu agricole. Un modèle a aussi été développé, à l'aide du langage de programmation MATLABTM, pour simuler le cycle du phosphore dans le marais. Il reste encore beaucoup de travail à faire pour améliorer les prédictions du modèle.
LaFlamme, Christina. "Nutrient removal using a constructed wetland in southern Québec". Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=98742.
Texto completoMoodley, Rajan. "External nitrification in biological nutrient removal activated sludge systems". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9945.
Texto completoIn conventional nitrification-denitrification biological excess phosphorous removal (NDBEPR) activated sludge systems, such as the UCT system for example, both nitrification and phosphorous uptake (P uptake) occur simultaneously in the, usually large, aerobic reactor. In the UCT system the nitrate load to the anoxic reactor is limited by the a-recycle (i.e. system constraint recycle from the aerobic to the anoxic reactor) and the internal aerobic nitrification performance. The latter process, is mediated by the nitrifiers having a slow growth rate of 0.45/d, governs the sludge age of the biological nutrient removal activated sludge (BNRAS) system and thus results in long (20 - 25 day) sludge ages and large aerobic mass fraction requirements to nitrify completely. However, if stable nitrification could be achieved outside the BNRAS external nitrification (EN) system then nitrification and the suspended solids sludge age become uncoupled allowing greater flexibility into the BNRAS system.
Sötemann, Sven. "External nitrification in biological nutrient removal activated sludge systems". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5003.
Texto completoBibliography: leaves 5.1-5.7.
Biological nutrient removal activated sludge (BNRAS) systems have become the preferred treatment system for advanced municipal wastewater treatment in South Africa. They have proven to be cost-effective systems that produce effluents of excellent quality that can be re-introduced to the receiving water bodies without a significant negative impact on the scarce surface water of South Africa. The widespread implementation of the BNRAS system has drawn attention to some of the weaknesses of the system, predominantly (i) the long sludge ages and resulting large biological reactor volumes required for nitrification, (ii) filamentous organism bulking of the sludge that develops in the system, (iii) treatment of the P rich waste sludge from the system and (iv) containment of the large mass of P in the sludge during a failure of the aeration in the system. In order to overcome the first two weaknesses of the system, it is proposed to separate the process of nitrification from the BNRAS mixed liquor and achieve nitrification externally to the BNRAS system.
Steffens, Marc Alexander. "Advanced process control for nutrient removal activated sludge processes /". [St. Lucia, Qld.], 1997. http://library.uq.edu.au/screens/steffens.html.
Texto completoTao, Ran. "Nutrient and organic matter removal from wastewaters with microalgae". Thesis, Paris Est, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PESC2019/document.
Texto completoUse of microalgae in wastewater treatment has been increasingly studied to integrate with or replace the present treatment systems for removal of nutrients and other pollu-tants. The potential advantages of this integration (wastewater treatment and microalgal cultivation) could be simultaneous recovery of nitrogen and phosphorus and the use of produced microalgal biomass as feedstock for e.g. biofuel, fertilizer and/or energy. However, the use of microalgae in wastewater treatment is mainly in research stage due to e.g. low nutrient removal and microalgal biomass growth. The aim of this thesis was to enable efficient nutrient and organic matter removal from wastewaters by mi-croalgae while promoting microalgal biomass production. Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus acuminatus were successfully grown in batch photobioreactors with liquid digestates from anaerobic digestion (AD) of biosludge from a municipal wastewater treatment plant (ADMW) and a pulp and paper mill wastewater treatment plant (ADPP). The final ammonium removal efficiencies were above 97% when cultivating both microalgae separately in ADPP, however, only 24% and 44% of ammonium were removed from ADMW by C. vulgaris and S. acuminatus, respectively. Both microalgae efficiently removed phosphate (>96%), while color (74–80%) and sol-uble COD (27–39%) were partially removed from ADMW and ADPP. The obtained highest S. acuminatus biomass concentration (7.8–10.8 g L-1 VSS) in ADPP is among the highest yields reported for microalgae in real wastewaters. Higher S. acuminatus biomass yields were obtained in thermophilic ADPP (without and with pretreatment prior to AD: 10.2±2.2 and 10.8±1.2 g L-1, respectively) than in pretreated mesophilic ADPP (7.8±0.3 g L-1). In addition, the highest microalgal biomass concentration and methane yields were obtained in the same integrated AD and microalgal culti-vation system (thermophilic AD with pretreatment).The iron (0.1, 1.0, and 1.9 mg L-1) and sulfate-sulfur (3.7, 20, and 35.8 mg L-1) concen-trations were found to affect nitrogen removal efficiency and microalgal biomass con-centration more in the media with nitrate than with ammonium, probably due to different microalgal assimilation mechanisms for nitrate and ammonium. In this study, synthetic medium with nitrate as nitrogen source with 1.0 mg L-1 iron and 35.8 mg L-1 sulfate-sulfur enabled the highest microalgal biomass concentration. The effect of iron concentration on nitrate removal efficiency and microalgal growth was more significant than that of sulfate concentration, while the interaction effect between sulfate and iron was not observed. The average ammonium removal efficiency (14 to 30%) and microalgal biomass con-centration (0.55 to 1.17 g particulate organic carbon per L) in continuous-flow mem-brane photobioreactor were promoted by adding a low concentration of zeolite (0.5 g L-1). The zeolite likely provided a habitat for attached growth of microalgae and high availability of ammonium for growth on the surface of the zeolite due to ammonium adsorption to zeolite. Further increase in zeolite concentration (from 0.5 to 1 and 5 g L-1) did not improve ammonium removal efficiency or biomass concentration. This was likely due to the increased solution turbidity caused by breaking apart of added zeolite particles into finer particles, which reduced light availability.In summary, this work showed the possibility of utilizing microalgae in wastewater treatment to efficiently remove nutrients and organic matter, and simultaneously pro-mote microalgal growth. Selecting suitable microalgal species for the specific wastewater to remove nutrients and organic matter is essential to promote algae-based wastewater treatment applications
Hart, Kimberly Ann. "Evaluation of the nutrient removal efficiency of a constructed wetland system". Texas A&M University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4293.
Texto completoWong, Chiew Hiet. "Intergrated design of biological nutrient removal systems / by Chiew Hiet Wong". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2001. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/27929.
Texto completoMcCue, Terrence. "EVALUATION OF PREFERMENTATION AS A UNIT PROCESS UPON BIOLOGICAL NUTRIENT REMOVAL INCLUDING BIOKINETIC AND WASTEWATER PARAMETERS". Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2006. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3031.
Texto completoPh.D.
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Engineering and Computer Science
Environmental Engineering
Zeng, Raymond Jianxiong. "The role of intracellular storage products in biological nutrient removal /". St. Lucia, Qld, 2002. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16445.pdf.
Texto completoJensen, Keith R. "Effects of Integrated Fixed Film Activated Sludge on nitrogen removal in biological nutrient removal systems". Thesis, This resource online, 1995. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-01312009-063219/.
Texto completoDowd, Frances S. "Municipal wastewater treatment plants' nitrogen removal response to financial incentives in Maryland and Virginia". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/56479.
Texto completoMaster of Science
McHarg, Amy Marie. "Optimisation of municipal wastewater biological nutrient removal using computer simulation". Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/10479.
Texto completo凌偉忠 y Wai-chung Jackson Ling. "Biological nutrient removal in sequencing batch reactors using fibrouspacking medium". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31213388.
Texto completoIslam, Md Kamrul. "Nutrient removal from urban stormwater using floating treatment wetland system". Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2011. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4936.
Texto completoID: 030422696; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Thesis (M.S.Env.E.)--University of Central Florida, 2011.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 70-74).
M.S.
Masters
Civil, Environmental and Construction Engineering
Engineering and Computer Science
Kavanaugh, Rathi G. "Investigation of bacterial populations in a biological nutrient removal system". Diss., Virginia Tech, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39828.
Texto completoPh. D.
Rodrigues, Matthew N. "Nutrient Removal Using Microalgae in Wastewater-fed High Rate Ponds". DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2013. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1027.
Texto completoKraetsch, Justin Andrew. "NUTRIENT REMOVAL FROM CLARIFIED MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER USING MICROALGAE RACEWAY PONDS". DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2015. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1389.
Texto completoLoemker, Rabea. "Nutrient removal in a constructed wetland treating urban stormwater runoff". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2002. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36156/1/36156_Loemker_2002.pdf.
Texto completoGurr, Eric C. "PILOT STUDY OF NUTRIENT LOADING IN A WET DETENTION LAKE". Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2007. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/2189.
Texto completoM.S.C.E.
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Engineering and Computer Science
Civil Engineering MSCE
Coma, Bech Marta. "Biological nutrient removal in SBR technology: from floccular to granular sludge". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/32025.
Texto completoL’estudi de l’eliminació biològica de nutrients s’ha dut a terme durant dècades. Tot i això, la influencia de l’home i l’augment de la demanda d’aigua han forçat a les instal•lacions a treballar a la seva capacitat màxima. Així, l’objectiu de la tesi és obtenir sistemes més compactes per a l’eliminació de nutrients de les aigües residuals. En aquest sentit, s’ha investigat l’optimització i estabilització de reactors amb alts volums d’intercanvi, tractant més aigua. Amb el mateix objectiu, el fang granular aeròbic va ser proposat com una alternativa fiable per tal de reduir l’espai i incrementar les càrregues de les depuradores. Tot i això, la granulació amb influents de baixa càrrega (menors a 1 Kg dQO•m-3d-1) resulta més lenta i més dificultosa alhora d’obtenir l’estat estacionari. Per aquesta raó es van investigar diferents metodologies i condicions d’operació per tal de millorar la granularció i l’eliminació de nutrients de les aigües urbanes.
White, Sarah A. "Constructed wetlands for the landscape nursery industry nutrient assimilation and removal /". Connect to this title online, 2007. http://etd.lib.clemson.edu/documents/1202500234/.
Texto completoBald, Michelle. "Plant harvesting from a constructed wetland : nutrient removal and plant attributes /". Title page, contents and abstract only, 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phb175.pdf.
Texto completoMahmood, Haseeb 1974 y Carolyn E. 1975 Metzger. "Reducing uncertainties of mercury loading into the Everglades nutrient removal project". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/47450.
Texto completoIncludes bibliographical references (leaf 65).
by Haseeb Mahmood and Carolyn E. Metzger.
M.Eng.
Ling, Wai-chung Jackson. "Biological nutrient removal in sequencing batch reactors using fibrous packing medium /". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B17489477.
Texto completoAbu-Ghararah, Ziad. "The effect of influent organic compounds on the performance of biological nutrient removal systems". Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77907.
Texto completoPh. D.
Vives, Fàbregas M. Teresa. "SBR technology for wastewater treatment: suitable operational conditions for a nutrient removal". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7895.
Texto completoEl Reactor Discontinu Seqüencial (RDS) o Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) en anglès, és un sistema de tractament de fangs actius que opera mitjançant un procediment d'omplerta-buidat. En aquest tipus de reactors, l'aigua residual és addicionada en un sol reactor que treballa per càrregues repetint un cicle (seqüència) al llarg del temps. Una de les característiques dels SBR és que totes les diferents operacions (omplerta, reacció, sedimentació i buidat) es donen en un mateix reactor.
La tecnologia SBR no és nova d'ara. El fet, és que va aparèixer abans que els sistema de tractament continu de fangs actius. El precursor dels SBR va ser un sistema d'omplerta-buidat que operava en discontinu. Entre els anys 1914 i 1920, varen sorgir certes dificultats moltes d'elles a nivell d'operació (vàlvules, canvis el cabal d'un reactor a un altre, elevat temps d'atenció per l'operari...) per aquests reactors. Però no va ser fins a finals de la dècada dels '50 principis del '60, amb el desenvolupament de nous equipaments i noves tecnologies, quan va tornar a ressorgir l'interès pels SBRs. Importants millores en el camp del subministrament d'aire (vàlvules motoritzades o d'acció pneumàtica) i en el de control (sondes de nivell, mesuradors de cabal, temporitzadors automàtics, microprocessadors) han permès que avui en dia els SBRs competeixin amb els sistemes convencional de fangs actius.
L'objectiu de la present tesi és la identificació de les condicions d'operació adequades per un cicle segons el tipus d'aigua residual a l'entrada, les necessitats del tractament i la qualitat desitjada de la sortida utilitzant la tecnologia SBR. Aquestes tres característiques, l'aigua a tractar, les necessitats del tractament i la qualitat final desitjada determinen en gran mesura el tractament a realitzar. Així doncs, per tal d'adequar el tractament a cada tipus d'aigua residual i les seves necessitats, han estat estudiats diferents estratègies d'alimentació.
El seguiment del procés es realitza mitjançant mesures on-line de pH, OD i RedOx, els canvis de les quals donen informació sobre l'estat del procés. Alhora un altre paràmetre que es pot calcular a partir de l'oxigen dissolt és la OUR que és una dada complementària als paràmetres esmentats.
S'han avaluat les condicions d'operació per eliminar nitrogen d'una aigua residual sintètica utilitzant una estratègia d'alimentació esglaonada, a través de l'estudi de l'efecte del nombre d'alimentacions, la definició de la llargada i el número de fases per cicle, i la identificació dels punts crítics seguint les sondes de pH, OD i RedOx.
S'ha aplicat l'estratègia d'alimentació esglaonada a dues aigües residuals diferents: una procedent d'una indústria tèxtil i l'altra, dels lixiviats d'un abocador. En ambdues aigües residuals es va estudiar l'eficiència del procés a partir de les condicions d'operació i de la velocitat del consum d'oxigen. Mentre que en l'aigua residual tèxtil el principal objectiu era eliminar matèria orgànica, en l'aigua procedent dels lixiviats d'abocador era eliminar matèria orgànica i nitrogen.
S'han avaluat les condicions d'operació per eliminar nitrogen i fòsfor d'una aigua residual urbana utilitzant una estratègia d'alimentació esglaonada, a través de la definició del número i la llargada de les fases per cicle, i la identificació dels punts crítics seguint les sondes de pH, OD i RedOx.
S'ha analitzat la influència del pH i la font de carboni per tal d'eliminar fòsfor d'una aigua sintètica a partir de l'estudi de l'increment de pH a dos reactors amb diferents fonts de carboni i l'estudi de l'efecte de canviar la font de carboni.
Tal i com es pot veure al llarg de la tesi, on s'han tractat diferents aigües residuals per a diferents necessitats, un dels avantatges més importants d'un SBR és la seva flexibilitat.
Actualmente, la legislación ambiental se ha convertido más restrictiva por lo que concierne al vertido de aguas residuales con nutrientes, especialmente en las llamadas áreas sensibles o zonas vulnerables. A partir de este hecho, se ha estimulado el conocimiento, desarrollo y mejora de los procesos de eliminación de nutrientes.
El Reactor Discontinuo Secuencial (RDS) o Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) en inglés, es un sistema de tratamiento de fangos activados que opera mediante un procedimiento de llenado-vaciado. En este tipo de reactores, el agua residual es adicionada en un solo reactor que trabaja por cargas repitiendo un ciclo (secuencia) a lo largo del tiempo. Una de les características de los SBR es que todas las diferentes operaciones (llenado, reacción, sedimentación y vaciado) se dan en el mismo reactor.
La tecnología SBR no es nueva. De hecho, apareció antes que el sistema de tratamiento continuo de fangos activados. El precursor de los SBR fue un sistema de llenado-vaciado que operaba en discontinuo. Entre los años 1914 y 1920, surgieron ciertas dificultades muchas de ellas a nivel de operación (válvulas, cambios de caudal de un reactor a otro, elevado tiempo de atención por parte del operario...) para estos reactores. Pero no fue hasta finales de la década de los '50 principios de los '60, con el desarrollo de los nuevos equipamientos y las nuevas tecnologías, cuando volvió a resurgir el interés en los SBRs. Importantes mejoras en el campo de los suministro de aire (válvulas motorizadas o de acción neumática) y en el de control (sondas de nivel, medidores de caudal, temporizadores automáticos, microprocesadores) han permitido que hoy en día los SBRs compitan con los sistemas convencionales de fangos activados.
El objetivo de la presente tesis es la identificación de las condiciones de operación adecuadas para un ciclo según el tipo de agua residual en la entrada, las necesidades del tratamiento y la calidad deseada de la salida utilizando la tecnología SBR. Estas tres características, el agua a tratar, las necesidades del tratamiento y la calidad final deseada determinan en gran medida el tratamiento a realizar. Así pues, para poder adecuar el tratamiento a cada tipo de agua residual y a sus necesidades, han sido estudiados diferentes estrategias de alimentación.
El seguimiento de los cambios de las medidas en línea de pH, OD y RedOx proporciona información sobre el proceso. A su vez, otro parámetro que se puede calcular a partir del OD es la OUR que también da información del proceso.
Se han evaluado las condiciones de operación para eliminar nitrógeno de una agua residual sintética utilizando una estrategia de alimentación escalonada, a partir del estudio del efecto del número de alimentaciones, la definición de la longitud y el número de fases por ciclo, y la identificación de los puntos críticos siguiendo las sondas de pH, OD y RedOx.
Se ha aplicado la estrategia de alimentación escalonada a dos aguas residuales diferentes: una procedente de una industria textil y la otra, de los lixiviados de un vertedero. En las dos aguas residuales se estudió la eficiencia del proceso a partir de las condiciones de operación y de la velocidad de consumo de oxigeno. Mientras que en el agua residual textil el principal objetivo era eliminar materia orgánica, en el agua procedente de los lixiviados del vertedero era eliminar materia orgánica y nitrógeno.
Se han evaluado las condiciones de operación para eliminar nitrógeno y fósforo de una agua residual urbana utilizando una estrategia de alimentación escalonada, a partir del estudio de la definición de la longitud y el número de fases por ciclo, y la identificación de los puntos críticos siguiendo las sondas de pH, OD y RedOx.
Se han analizado la influencia del pH y la fuente de carbono para eliminar fósforo de un agua sintética a partir del estudio del incremento de pH en dos reactores con diferentes fuentes de carbono y el estudio del efecto de cambiar la fuente de carbono.
Como se puede apreciar a lo largo de la tesis, donde se han tratado diferentes aguas residuales para a diferentes necesidades, una de las ventajas más importantes de los SBR es su flexibilidad.
Nowadays, environmental legislation has become more restricted in the nutrient wastewater discharge, especially in the sensitive areas and vulnerable zones. So, many studies have been stimulated on the understanding, developing and improving the biological nutrient removal processes.
The Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) is a fill-and-draw activated sludge system for wastewater treatment. In this system, wastewater is added to a single reactor which operates in a batch treatment mode repeating a cycle (sequence) continuously. All the operations (fill, react, settle and draw) are achieved in a single batch reactor.
SBR technology is not new. In fact, it precedes the use of continuous flow activated sludge technology. The precursor to this was a fill-and-draw system operated on batch, similar to the SBR. Between 1914 and 1920, many difficulties were associated with operating these fill-and-draw systems, most resulting from the process valving required to switch flow from one reactor to another, operator attention required. Interest in SBRs was revived in the late 1950s and early 1960s, with the development of new equipment and technology. Improvements in aeration devices (i.e. motorized valves, pneumatically actuated valves) and controls (level sensors, flowmeters, automatic timers, microprocessors) have allowed SBRs to successfully compete with conventional activated sludge systems.
The aim of this thesis consists in the identification of suitable operation conditions for a cycle according to kind of influent wastewater, treatment requirements and effluent quality using a SBR technology. The influent wastewater, treatment requirements and effluent quality desire determinate in great measure the treatment to realize. So, different studies have been carried out in order to obtain a suitable treatment for each wastewater and requirement using a step-feed strategy.
By means of on-line pH, DO and ORP measurements are possible follow the status of the process. At the same time another parameter, that complements all these, is the OUR calculated through DO dada.
Evaluation the operation conditions for nitrogen removal using a step-feed strategy for a synthetic wastewater through the study of the effect of number of filling events, the definition of the length and number of phases for a cycle, and the identification of the critical points following the pH, DO and ORP sensors.
Application of the step-feed strategy in two different industrial wastewaters: textile wastewater and landfill leachate wastewater. In both wastewaters, the efficiency has been studied through the operational conditions and oxygen uptake rate. While in the textile wastewater the main objective was only organic matter removal, in the landfill leachate wastewater was carbon and nitrogen removal.
Evaluation of the operation conditions for nitrogen and phosphorus removal using a step-feed strategy for an urban wastewater through, the definition of the number and length of phases for a cycle, and the identification of the critical points following the pH, DO and ORP sensors.
Influence of pH and carbon source in phosphorus removal using synthetic wastewater through the study of pH increase in two different carbon sources and the effect of change of carbon source.
As it can be observed in this thesis, where it is treated different wastewaters for different requirements, one of the main advantages of the SBR is its flexibility.
Puig, Broch Sebastià. "Operation and control of SBR processes for enhanced biological nutrient removal from wastewater". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7798.
Texto completoAbel-Denee, Marco Mathew. "Recalcitrant nutrient removal using heterogeneous struvite precipitation in anaerobic digestion dewatering centrate". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/64144.
Texto completoApplied Science, Faculty of
Engineering, School of (Okanagan)
Graduate
Copp, John B. "COD balances in biological nutrient (nitrogen and phosphorus) removal activated sludge systems". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0022/NQ50987.pdf.
Texto completoCopp, John B. "COD balances in biological nutrient (nitrogen and phosphorus) removal activated sludge systems /". *McMaster only, 1998.
Buscar texto completoWei, Chunliang. "Nutrient removal and fouling reduction in electrokinetic membrane bioreactor at various temperatures". Water Science. & Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/31635.
Texto completoOctober 2016
Liu, Kun. "Improved Onsite Wastewater Disinfection and Nutrient Removal for Safe Discharge and Reuse". The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1500588070537771.
Texto completoLiu, Kimberly. "The link between Permeable Interlocking Concrete Pavement (PICP) design and nutrient removal". Master's thesis, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32780.
Texto completoRyan, Patrick. "REDUCING EFFLUENT PHOSPHORUS AND NITROGEN CONCENTRATIONS FROM A STORMWATER DETENTION POND USING A CHAMBER UPFLOW FILTER AND SKIM". Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2008. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4307.
Texto completoM.S.Env.E.
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Engineering and Computer Science
Environmental Engr MSEnvE
Vogts, Michelle. "The removal of nitrogen and phosphorus in anoxic-aerobic digestion of waste activated sludge from biological nutrient removal systems". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/24307.
Texto completoGuerrero, Camacho Francisco Javier. "Improving ebpr stability in wwtps aiming at simultaneous carbon and nutrient removal: from modelling studies to experimental validation". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/283648.
Texto completoLa eliminación biológica de nutrientes (EBN) en estaciones depuradoras de aguas residuales (EDARs) se considera el proceso más rentable y medioambientalmente más respetuoso para prevenir la eutrofización y cumplir con los cada vez más estrictos límites de vertido. La eliminación biológica de nitrógeno (N) ha sido ampliamente estudiada e implementada con éxito en numerosas EDARs, tanto urbanas como industriales. Contrariamente, para la eliminación biológica de fósforo, P, (proceso EBPR) no existen aun muchos ejemplos de su aplicación a escala real, principalmente debido a la aparición de fallos inesperados cuando se integra con la eliminación biológica de N. La presencia de nitrato en la fase anaerobia se considera la principal causa de estos fallos y, a pesar de su importancia, los motivos que los desencadenan no se conocen perfectamente. La hipótesis más extendida apunta que la presencia de nitrato en condiciones anaerobias provoca la competencia por la fuente de carbono (DQO) entre los organismos desnitrificantes comunes y los acumuladores de P (PAO). Sin embargo, la experiencia en plantas reales indica que esta hipótesis no es capaz de describir la elevada pérdida real de EBPR considerando la cantidad de nitrato en la fase anaerobia. Esta tesis pretende estudiar los motivos subyacentes a esta pérdida de actividad EBPR y proponer alternativas para minimizar sus causas. Para abordar este objetivo desde diferentes puntos de vista, se han utilizado diferentes herramientas: modelización, análisis microbiológicos, optimización multi-criterio, análisis multivariable, operación en planta piloto y control de procesos. Los mayores logros conseguidos se resumen a continuación. Por un lado, se observó que el contenido en materia orgánica del afluente y la naturaleza de la misma son parámetros clave para entender la competencia entre los organismos desnitrificantes y los PAO. A partir de los datos experimentales se puede concluir que cuando el afluente está formado principalmente por ácidos grasos volátiles, los PAO son capaces de ganar la competencia por la fuente de carbono. Contrariamente, los organismos desnitrificantes son favorecidos cuando se trata de fuentes de carbono más complejas. Por otro lado, se estudió el uso de diferentes estrategias de control para reducir la pérdida de actividad EBPR. Asimismo, se demostró como la optimización multi-criterio de las consignas de los controladores puede mejorar la operación de una EDAR, no sólo reduciendo los costes de explotación, sino también obteniendo un efluente altamente clarificado y un bajo riesgo de desarrollar problemas de origen microbiológico (crecimiento excesivo de bacterias filamentosas o desnitrificación en el decantador secundario). Además, las consignas optimizadas favorecieron el proceso EBPR reduciendo la entrada de nitrato a la base anaerobia. La adición controlada de glicerol crudo (subproducto del biodiesel) fue probada con éxito como alternativa para reducir la competencia entre los PAO y los organismos desnitrificantes por la fuente de carbono y así, controlar el contenido de P en el efluente. Se desarrolló un modelo bioquímico para describir los datos experimentales obtenidos y para diseñar la estrategia de control, posteriormente validada en planta piloto. Sin embargo, el uso de fuentes de carbono externas no es rentable a escala real y, por tanto, también se desarrolló y evaluó in-silico una nueva estrategia de control para mejorar la eliminación de P sin la necesidad de añadir fuente de carbono o agentes precipitantes. El principio básico de la estrategia de control es desviar la DQO disponible hacia el proceso EBPR, en detrimento de la desnitrificación (mayor concentración de nitrato en el efluente), pero respetando limites de vertido. Finalmente, también se estudió la importancia de extender los modelos bioquímicos existentes para mejorar la simulación de los procesos de eliminación biológica de N y evitar la simulación de fallos irreales en el proceso EBPR. De este modo, se incluyeron y estudiaron conceptos como la nitrificación/desnitrificación en dos pasos o la inclusión de sedimentadores reactivos.
Considering biological nutrient removal (BNR) in WWTPs seems nowadays an obligated short-term aim because it is the most economical and environmental alternative to prevent eutrophication of water bodies and to meet the increasingly stricter discharge limits. Biological nitrogen (N) removal has been widely studied and successfully implemented in numerous WWTPs for treating both urban and industrial wastewater. On the other side, the so called Enhanced Biological Phosphorus (P) Removal (EBPR) process is not widely applied at full-scale yet because among other reasons, unpredictable EBPR failures have been reported when it is integrated with biological N removal. Nitrate recycling to the anaerobic phase is one of the most reported causes triggering this EBPR failure in real WWTPs and, despite its importance, the causes are not fully understood yet. A commonly accepted hypothesis is that nitrate presence triggers the competition for the carbon source between denitrifying ordinary heterotrophic organisms (OHO) and Polyphosphate Accumulating Organisms (PAO). However, experimental results show that this hypothesis fails to describe the magnitude of EBPR deterioration when the amount of nitrate entering the anaerobic zone is considered. This thesis aims at understating the EBPR deterioration due to nitrate presence in the anaerobic phase and studying alternatives to minimise the causes leading to this failure. Different tools have been used to study both topics from different points of view: modelling, microbial analysis, multi-criteria optimisation of the process performance, multivariate analysis, pilot plant operation and process control. As an overview, the main achievements of this thesis are next summarized. On the one hand, it was observed that the influent COD content and the nature of the carbon source are key parameters to understand the competition between OHO and PAO. The results obtained in pilot plant operation show that when influent COD was mainly composed by volatile fatty acids, PAO could outcompete OHO for the carbon source. Contrary, with more complex carbon sources, EBPR failed because denitrification process was favoured reducing COD available for PAO. On the other hand, the use of different control strategies has been assessed as a mitigating alternative to reduce EBPR failure. On this context, this thesis showed that multi-criteria optimisation of the controller setpoints can improve WWTP operation in terms of not only reducing the running costs but also ensuring low effluent discharges and low risk of developing microbiology-related failures (bulking or rising sludge). The optimised setpoints favoured P-removal process by reducing the nitrate load recycled to the anaerobic reactor. The controlled addition of crude-glycerol (biodiesel byproduct) was also demonstrated to be very useful to prevent nitrate-driven EBPR failure and for controlling effluent P concentration. A biochemical model was developed for describing the experimental data and to design the control strategy that was afterwards experimentally validated. However, the use of external carbon sources cannot be cost-effective at full-scale and thus, a novel control strategy aiming at improving P-removal without adding external carbon sources or chemicals for P precipitation was in-silico developed and evaluated. The principle behind this novel control strategy was diverting the available COD to P-removal and not to denitrification process (i.e. N in the influent increased), but always below the discharge limits. Finally, it was also studied the importance of new model extensions to correctly describe N removal. Hence, two-step nitrification/denitrification or reactive settler approaches should be considered to avoid unrealistic failure prediction of EBPR process.
Zhang, Zhenhua. "Plant growth and nutrient removal in simulated secondary-treated municipal wastewater in wetland microcosmos". University of Western Australia. School of Earth and Geographical Sciences, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0141.
Texto completoJohnson, Jennifer. "Residual Nutrient Removal by a Winter Cover Crop From Broiler Litter Amended Soils". TopSCHOLAR®, 2007. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/424.
Texto completoDanesh, Shahnaz. "Enhancement of nutrient removal in SBR systems through acid fermentation of raw wastewater". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/nq23592.pdf.
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