Tesis sobre el tema "Nucléosome dans la cellule"
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Brun, Hernández Eugenia. "Mécanisme d'action d'un facteur potentiellement pionnier dans la différenciation des cellules souches végétales". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAV017.
Texto completoLFY is a key transcription factor in plant development, and especially in flowering for angiosperms. It has an important role, first, in the establishment of floral meristems and later, in the specification of their floral organ identities. This activity implicates on cells’ nucleus major chromatin rearrangements. Target loci need to pass from a closed to an opened state. In the last two decades, Pioneer Transcription Factors (PTFs) have been studied because they can bind their target sites at nucleosomal DNA, they are able to overcome the steric constraints of nucleosomes and establish a “competent state” in a particular region, so it can be further regulated by other partners (Iwafuchi-Doi & Zaret, 2014). LFY has been demonstrated to physically and genetically interact with two ATPases belonging to ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes, SYD and BRM (Wu et al., 2012). Besides, genome-wide data analyses strongly suggest that its N-terminal oligomerization domain, confers LFY access to closed regions of chromatin (Sayou et al., 2016). In this way, LFY presents common features with PTFs. We worked in order to better understand LFY’s mode of action in relation to the mentioned ATPases as well as with chromatin.In Chapter I, through in vitro experiments, LFY’s potential interaction with nucleosomes, was assessed. We performed reconstituted nucleosomes by identifying nucleosome-enriched regions in Arabidopsis genome, efficiently targeted by LFY. These regions were selected used genome-wide data from ChIP-seq of LFY in overexpressing lines and DNAse-seq as well as MNase-seq data, which was useful to analyze chromatin landscape (T. Zhang, Zhang, & Jiang, 2015; W. Zhang, Zhang, Wu, & Jiang, 2012). A strong but non-specific binding of LFY from the gymnosperm Ginkgo biloba to nucleosomes was observed. However, LFY from Arabidopsis thaliana, showed a weak binding to nucleosomes.In Chapter II, the aim was to map the minimal necessary interacting domains of LFY and the ATPases SYD and BRM. Using the HTRF technique, LFY’s C-terminal domain was shown to interact with BRM’s HSA domain. In addition, through an in vivo approach, we observed the loss of the 35S:LFY phenotype in the F1 plants from each of the three crosses: 35S:LFY syd-5, 35S:LFY brm-1 and 35S:LFY brm-3. This suggested a strong interaction, meaning that when BRM or SYD are not functional, LFY’s function is affected and no ectopic flowers are formed
Attia, Mickaël. "Rôle du gène Nucleosome assembly protein 1 like 2 (Nap 112) dans le développement du système nerveux". Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066326.
Texto completoPais, de Barros Jean-Paul. "Identification, analyse comparative et implication fonctionnelle de nucléosides hypermodifiés et localisés en position wobble dans des ARNt de tissus normaux ou néoplasiques de mammifères". Dijon, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996DIJOMU08.
Texto completoGervais, Alain. "Étude génomique du positionnement des nucléosomes contenant le variant d'histone H2A.Z dans des cellules humaines". Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6680.
Texto completoHarastani, Mohamad. "Image analysis methods development for in vitro and in situ cryo-electron tomography studies of conformational variability of biomolecular complexes : Case of nucleosome structural and dynamics studies". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022SORUS283.
Texto completoCryogenic electron tomography (cryo-ET) allows visualizing biomolecular complexes in situ. 3D data of biomolecules produced using cryo-ET are noisy, suffer from spacial anisotropies, and are difficult to analyze individually. Biomolecules are flexible, and analyzing their conformational variability is necessary to understand their functional mechanisms. Standard cryo-ET data processing methods average multiple copies of individual biomolecules to obtain structures at higher resolutions and consider that biomolecular conformational variability is discrete rather than continuous using the classification. This thesis presents the first two cryo-ET data processing methods for analyzing biomolecular continuous conformational variability, HEMNMA-3D and TomoFlow. HEMNMA-3D analyzes experimental data with the motion directions simulated by Normal Mode Analysis and allows the discovery of a large range of biomolecular motions. TomoFlow extracts motions from the data using the computer vision technique of Optical Flow. I show the potential of these two methods on experimental cryo-ET data of nucleosome conformational variability in cells. The two methods show coherent results, shedding light on the conformational variability of nucleosomes in cells
Bertin, Aurélie. "Compréhension des mécanismes électrostatiques impliqués dans la plasticité structurale de la chromatine eucaryote". Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA114813.
Texto completoLemercier, Nicolas. "CEMOVIS, développements méthodologiques et étude ultrastructurale de la cellule HT29 : De la cellule aux nucléosomes". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00685425.
Texto completoThebault, Philippe. "Le facteur d'élongation SPT2/SIN1 est impliqué dans l'assemblage du nucléosome couplé à la transcription". Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26726/26726.pdf.
Texto completoHébert, Charles. "Mise en évidence d'un signal génomique dans les séquences promotrices humaines et son implication dans le positionnement du nucléosome". Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA077135.
Texto completoEukaryotic genomes are packaged as chromatin and nucleosomes represent the fundamental structural brick of this organisation. It is well known that nucleosome positioning is a major contributor to chromatin accessibility, and hence contributes to the regulation of gene expression. However the dynamics of chro matin remodelling and nucleosome positioning around promoters is not fully explained and two models have been opposed in the last decade : the existence of a genomic code (DNA backbone as a key feature for DNA-nucleosome recognition), versus a more physical view (histone tails and DNA groove orientation). Both reflect the ability of DNA to wrap around the nucleosome. This thesis provides an analysis of a collection of human promoters with experimentally well-defined transcription start sites (TSS). Signal processing techniques applied to the average bases composition of this set of sequences aligned to the TSS reveal a 10bp periodic pattern. This pattern, composed of purine dinucleotides, is positioned downstream of the TSS and is precisely co-localised with experimentally positioned nucleosome. This may suggest a rotational guide role for this periodicity signal, enabling histone tails to be exposed to the post translational modifications machinery associated with the polymerase II. Moreover, this work shows that the periodicity pattern quality and amplitude is significantly correlated with highly tissue specific gene
Ducousso, Mathieu. "Acoustique picoseconde dans une cellule biologique individuelle". Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00537030.
Texto completoRoulland, Yohan. "Fonctions des extrémités flexibles de l’ADN du nucléosome CENP-A dans l'organisation de la chromatine centromérique". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAV087/document.
Texto completoCENP-A is a histone variant, which replaces histone H3 at centromeres and confers unique properties to centromeric chromatin. The crystal structure and MNase digestion of CENP-A nucleosome suggests flexible nucleosomal DNA ends but their dynamics in solution remains elusive and their implication in centromere function is unknown. Using electron cryo-microscopy we determined the dynamic solution properties of the CENP-A nucleosome. Our biochemical, proteomic and genetic data reveal that the high flexibility of the DNA ends impairs histone H1 binding to the CENP-A nucleosome. Substituting the 2-turn aN-helix of CENP-A with the 3-turn N-helix of H3 results in particles able to bind histone H1. In vivo replacement of CENP-A nucleosomes with the same NH3-CENP-A hybrid nucleosomes leads to H1 recruitment, delocalization of kinetochore proteins and significant mitotic and cytokinesis defects. Put together, ourdata reveal that the evolutionarily conserved flexible ends of the CENP-A nucleosomes are essential to ensure the fidelity of the mitotic pathway
Laderach, Diego José. "Etude des implications de l'apoptose dans l'émergence de la réponse autoimmune anti-nucléaire dans les modèles de lupus érythémateux disséminé". Paris 5, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA05N047.
Texto completoGuéguan, Sarah. "Rôle de la polarisation cellualire T dans la sécrétion de cytokines et dans le dialogue entre cellule T et cellule dentritique". Paris 5, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA05T001.
Texto completoInteraction between T cell and dendritic cell (DC) leads to immune synapse (IS) formation, cytoskeleton remodeling, and reorientation of the T cell microtubule organizing center (MTOC) toward the DC. We have shown that MTOC polarization controls CD154/CD40 signalization necessary to IL-12 production by DC induced by T cells. T cell polarization inhibition also inhibits specifically IFN-gamma secretion without affecting other cytokines. Cdc42 activity or expression reduction which impairs normal immune synapse formation, inhibits specifically IFN-gamma secretion. Cdc42-dependent cytoskeleton remodeling at the IS controls the last step of IFN-gamma production, its secretion. This work underlines the role of T cell polarization in the cross-talk between T cell and dendritic cell and in cytokine secretionby helper T cells
Tremblay, Maxime. "Rôles de KLF6 dans l'expression de INSL3 dans la cellule de LEYDIG". Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27078/27078.pdf.
Texto completoPOLLET, BERTRAND. "Que penser des cellules hematopoietiques immatures dans les liquides cephalo-rachidiens ?" Lille 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LIL2M375.
Texto completoHenry, Cindy. "Le rôle de ST18 dans la cellule pancréatique bêta". Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28661/28661.pdf.
Texto completoOshima, Masaya. "Rôles de SOX9 dans la cellule ß pancréatique humaine". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCB040.
Texto completoNo abstract
Farina, Francesca. "Transport de l'ADN dans le cytoplasme d'une cellule eucaryote". Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066283.
Texto completoRingeard, Sophie. "Role des integrines dans la reaction stromale des tumeurs coliques". Nantes, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NANT02VS.
Texto completoSeddiki, Rima. "Etude mécanique des adhésions cellule-cellule : Rôle de l'interaction α-caténine/vinculine dans la mécanotransduction des contacts intercellulaires". Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA077135.
Texto completoTissue-scale mechanics is important in morphogenesisihomeostasis and wound healing. Cells apply mechanical force on each other at sites of cell-ceil adhesion, typically through cadherins. Cadherins act as mechanotransducers allowing intercellular adhesions to sense, transmit and adapt to mechanical stress. However, mechanotransduction through cadherin contacts remains a poorly understood problem in mechanobiology. Our team recently demonstrated that a¬catenin reversibly unfolds upon physiologically-relevant forces allowing the binding of another actin binding protein, vinculin, suggesting that the tension-dependent binding of vinculin to α-catenin is essential for cell-cell adhesion mechanosensing. During my thesis I focused on the role of a-catenin which links cadherins to the acto-myosin network and her partner, vinculin, in the mechanotransduction of cadherin adhesion. I generated GFP-tagged mutated a-catenin constructs: one bearing a point mutation in the vinculin binding domain (L344P) and the other deleted of the MI and MII modulation domains (DeltaMod), not able to bind and constitutively binding vinculin, respectively. Both constructs expressed in a-catenin-depleted MDCK cells restored the formation of E-cadherin-mediated cell-cell contacts, although L344P did not allow vinculin recruitment. Then, by piating epithelial MDCK cells on substrates of controlled rigidities, I first showed that the stability of a-catenin at cell-cell contacts, as analyzed by FRAP, as well as the extent of recruitment of vinculin and actin increases with substrate stiffness. I further showed that the binding of vinculin regulates the stiffness-dependent stabilization of a-catenin at cell-cell contacts. The analysis of cell-cell cohesion dynamics, by Particle Imaging Velocimetry (PIV), and force transmission, by micro-force sensor substrate on confined fibronectin-coated substrates revealed that cell-cell contact stability, cell-to-cell mechanical coupling and collective movement ail increase with the ability of α-catenin to bind vinculin. Thus the interaction between a-catenin and vinculin is crucial for cell-cell adhesion to sense and adapt to mechanical stress. This interaction in needed for cells to develop stable cell-cell contacts and long-range interactions as well as coordinated motions. In a pathological context such as cancer, loss of cell-cell contact is crucial for the development of metastases, identifying the severity and often leading to therapeutic failure. Thus understandinç the mechanisms underlying cell-cell adhesions stability and cell migration is critical to develop longer-term adapted therapeutics
Bervar, Jean-François. "Auto-anticorps anticellules endotheliales dans l'asthme severe". Lille 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LIL2M237.
Texto completoMorandi, Anne. "Intégration de matériaux oxydes innovants dans une cellule IT-SOFC". Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00860737.
Texto completoTenenbaum, Mathie. "Rôle des Sérine/Thréonine Kinases dans la cellule bêta pancréatique". Thesis, Lille 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL2S011/document.
Texto completoPancreatic beta cell constantly tunes insulin production to meet the body needs. The insulin production adaptation is achieved thanks to highly adaptive beta cell metabolism, signaling, secretory machinery and mass. The beta-cell function and mass plasticity are particularly critical during nutritional, body growth and physiological changes such as obesity, pregnancy and postnatal development of newborn. Functional beta cell demise account for diabetes is one of the leading causes of death worldwide.In vertebrates, serine-threonine kinases (STKs) drive key signaling pathways for adaptive cells response to the environment. The overall goal of the thesis was to identify the signaling pathways responsible for the development of beta cell mass during postnatal development, pregnancy and obesity. Identification of these signaling pathways may help in understanding the functional beta cell mass demise induced by the diabetogenic environment (e.g oxidized LDL, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, etc.) in diabetic patients. By investigating beta cell mass plasticity in 10 day old neonate rats, we found a significant increase in the expression of Dual Leucine Zipper Kinase (DLK) protein when compared to islets from adult rats. In islets of pups, the increase of DLK expression coincides with a very high proliferative rate of beta cells and activation of "cJun-amino terminal Kinase 3" (JNK3) signaling, an STK belonging to “mitogen activated protein kinase” (MAPKs) family. As observed for DLK, in islets of rat pups, the genetic disruption of JNK3 drastically reduces the number of beta cells leading to glucose intolerance. Finally, we also observed that MAPKs link oxidized LDL to beta cell death via mechanisms involving endoplasmic reticulum stress and oxidative stress. Our results show the critical importance of MAPK signaling in controlling beta cell survival and proliferation in response to physiological condition and diabetes
Georget, Virginie. "Dynamique intracellulaire du récepteur des androgènes dans une cellule vivante". Montpellier 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON1T025.
Texto completoGomord, Véronique. "Contrôle de l'adressage de la sporamine dans la cellule végétale". Rouen, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ROUES054.
Texto completoSpriet, Corentin. "Instrumentation biophotonique pour la mesure d'interactions moléculaires dans la cellule". Lille 1, 2006. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2006/50376-2006-Spriet.pdf.
Texto completoSpriet, Corentin Vandenbunder Bernard. "Instrumentation biophotonique pour la mesure d'interactions moléculaires dans la cellule". Villeneuve d'Ascq : Université des sciences et technologies de Lille, 2007. https://iris.univ-lille1.fr/dspace/handle/1908/1042.
Texto completoN° d'ordre (Lille 1) : 3950. Résumés en français et en anglais. Titre provenant de la page de titre du document numérisé. Bibliogr. p. 175-179. Liste des publications.
Reichert, Benjamin. "Dynamique d'une goutte 2D dans une cellule de Hele-Shaw". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLET028/document.
Texto completoDroplet microfluidics is a growing field of research. However, the dynamics of these objects remain misunderstood. Indeed, a question as fundamental as predicting the droplet velocity while pushed by an external fluid at a given velocity is still not answered. Understanding the dynamics of a droplet requires to characterize the viscous dissipation mechanisms (friction) within the droplet and in the lubrication film. This dissipation is related to the shape and to the physicochemical properties of the interface separating the inner phase of the droplet from the outer phase. This thesis presents a characterization of the dynamics of 2D droplets in a Hele-Shaw cell, by taking advantage of the double measurement of the lubrication film by interference microscopy and of the droplet velocity. Firstly, we study experimentally the influence of the droplet viscosity and surfactant concentration on the shape of the interface. The comparison between the topographies measured experimentally with the theoretical models already existing and the new one developed in this thesis, reveals that the use of a purely hydrodynamical approach in order to derive the theoretical topography only allows to recover the experimental topography if the system is surfactant free or if the droplet viscosity is high enough to overcome the Marangoni effect at the interface. In the other cases, the shape of the interface depends on the Marangoni stress exerted either locally or globally at the interface of the droplet. In a second part, the derivation of a theoretical model for the droplet velocity, based on the modeling of the lubrication film topographies measured experimentally, allows to recover quantitatively, and without any fitting parameter, the experimental data on droplet velocities
OSKERITZIAN, CAROLE. "Le mastocyte murin dans la pathogenese inflammatoire : cellule cible d'agonistes immunologiques et non immunologiques et cellule effectrice de l'eosinopoiese". Paris 7, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA077280.
Texto completoNicolas, Alexandra. "Le double rôle de la cellule dendritique dans l'immunité antitumorale : au delà d'une cellule présentatrice d'antigènes, un effecteur cytotoxique". Dijon, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007DIJOMU09.
Texto completoIn this study, we showed that dendritic cells generated from their bone marrow precursors in rats are able to exert a direct cytotoxic activity on a wide range of tumor cells. This cytotoxicity was enhanced in the presence of LPS and is mediated by nitric oxide. We have also examined the type of tumor cell death induced by dendritic cells activated by LPS and shown that this is not apoptosis but rather a necrosis-like death. In addition, these dendritic cells are mature but retain their ability to encocytes and induce proloferation of allogeneic T lymphocytes. In vivo injections of LPS induce an arrest of tumor growth associated with an overexpression of inducible no synthase by intratumoral dendritic cells. Meanwhile, we looked for the influence of three different types of tumor cell death on the maturation and activation of these same dendritic cells generated from bone marrow precursors. Apoptosis, necrosis and death obtained by fusion of tumor cells showed a similar efficiency to stimulate maturation of dendritic cells and their ability to induce activation of T lymphocytes. Our study suggests the possibility to activate dendritic cells with agents such as LPS to destroy tumor cells, and thus promote the release of their antigenic proteins which may be endocyted and presented to T lymphocytes by these dendritic cells, professional antigen presenting cells
Cetik, Sibel. "Identification, caractérisation et fonction des transporteurs du glucose dans les glandes sous-maxillaires". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/248332.
Texto completoDoctorat en Sciences dentaires
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
HUSLER, ISABELLE. "La cellule de langerhans : caracteristiques et role dans l'allergie de contact". Strasbourg 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR10707.
Texto completoReyes, Moreno Carlos. "Interactions cellule-cellule au niveau des métastases osseuses, implications dans la physiopathologie de la réaction osseuse et la chimiorésistance tumorale". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0026/NQ36318.pdf.
Texto completoMazzocco, Julie. "Métabolisme des plasmalogènes dans les cellules gliales rétiniennes : interactions cellule-cellule au cours du développement vasculaire rétinien normal ou pathologique". Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCI003/document.
Texto completoRetinal vascular disorders such as retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), diabetic retinopathy or age-related macular degeneration represent the first cause of vision loss at all ages in industrialized countries. Many epidemiological or animal studies have shown the involvement of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in the regulation of vascular development and more specifically the beneficial properties of omega 3 PUFA (n-3 PUFA) against pathological vascularization. Those PUFA are esterified on glycerophospholipids (GP). GP are the primary constituents of the lipid bilayer of cell membranes. PUFA can be also esterified on a specific class of GP, called plasmalogens. Plasmalogens are characterized by the presence of a vinyl ether linkage at the sn-1 position of glycerol instead of an ester linkage as seen in other GP. PUFA are released from plasmalogens by a calcium-independent phospholipase (iPLA2). Free PUFA can be converted into biologically active metabolites. Plasmalogens may have an impact on the development and the maturation of retinal vascular network through the PUFA they release through the control of astrocyte template formation prior to vessel formation. Astrocytes and Müller cells are macroglials cells providing physical and metabolic supports to the retina. Müller cells are key actors of the retinal lipid metabolism. The aim of this work was to evaluate the involvement of plasmalogens in Müller cells and astrocytes metabolism as well as in the ability of these cells to communicate. On one hand, we have studied the effects of a decrease in plasmalogen biosynthesis and/or in iPLA2 activity on Müller cell physiology. Müller cells express a biosynthesis key enzyme of plasmalogen and reducing the biosynthesis of plasmalogens affects Müller cell ability to migrate through the ERK1/2 MAPK signalling. In a second series of studies, we studied the repercussions of such modifications on Müller cell physiology on their ability to communicate with retinal astrocytes through calcium signalling. Our results suggest that affecting plasmalogen metabolism in Müller cells alters the communication between astrocytes and Müller cells. Finally, and in order to investigate whether plasmalogen metabolism may be modified in a human disease displaying abnormal retinal vascular development, we performed a lipidomic study of circulating lipids in infants affected by retinopathy of prematurity. ROP was characterized by the accumulation of n-6 PUFA at the expense of n-3 PUFA, these changes being associated to plasmalogens. All these experiments confirm the importance of lipid metabolism, and especially plasmalogens, on the retina functioning
Ariana, Mohsen. "Simulation numérique de transfert de masse dans une cellule d'électrolyse d'aluminium". Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6852.
Texto completoRésumé : L’étude des mécanismes de transfert de masse des ions dans le bain électrolytique dans une cellule d’électrolyse d’aluminium se heurte aux conditions sévères qui y sont rencontrées : haute température, milieu corrosif, etc. Cependant, il est important de connaitre ces mécanismes de transfert en raison de leurs grands impacts sur les paramètres indicatifs du procédé d’électrolyse, par exemple l’efficacité du courant. Le calcul numérique est une façon de surmonter ces difficultés et d’éclairer les aspects moins connus du procédé de production d’aluminium. L’électrolyte utilisé pour l’électrolyse est composé par différents ions qui se déplacent dans un champ électromagnétique. Ce dernier est généré par le courant électrique intense qui passe par la couche d’aluminium et le bain. Le comportement dynamique des ions est sujet à leur gradient de concentration (la diffusion), à l’écoulement du bain (la convection) et au champ électrique (la migration). Dans le cadre de cette étude, le mouvement des ions est analysé et l’importance relative de la diffusion et de la migration est comparée en régime transitoire pour deux classes d’espèces électroactives et non-électroactives. Pour ces deux types d’espèces, on observe que la migration est le mécanisme dominant de transfert de masse dès les premières phases de l’électrolyse. Cependant, la diffusion devient graduellement le mécanisme le plus important aux électrodes pour des espèces électroactives comme Al[indice inférieur 2]OF[indice inférieur 6][indice supérieur -2] et AlF[indice inférieur 4][indice supérieur -]. Le champ électrique et le champ de concentration ont été simulés à partir d’un modèle 2-D. Les résultats montrent qu’il y a un gradient de concentration entre l’espace inter-électrodes et la région proche de la couche de gelée. Par conséquent, il y a diffusion des espèces entre ces deux régions qui vient diminuer le gradient de concentration et ainsi éviter l’épuisement des ions Al[indice inférieur 2]OF[indice inférieur 6][indice supérieur -2] ou la surconcentration des ions AlF[indice inférieur 4][indice supérieur -]. En outre, un code libre a été développé et implémenté sur OpenFOAM (une plateforme libre de librairies C++). Ce code est capable de résoudre simultanément les équations du champ électrique, du transfert de masse et de Navier-Stokes. Les principaux apports de cette thèse, tel que les modèles et résultats obtenus, peuvent éclairer les mécanismes de transfert de masse dans le bain et aux électrodes et ainsi améliorer leur compréhension.
Caccianini, Laura. "Imagerie de l'architecture dynamique de la chromatine dans la cellule unique". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02896692.
Texto completoChromatin structure and cellular function are tightly linked in the nucleus of mammalian cells. Disruption of chromatin spatial organisation dramatically affects the life of a cell and eventually leads to severe pathologies in entire organisms. Two nuclear factors, CTCF and Cohesin, have been found to play a crucial role in the regulation and maintenance of DNA architecture. Huge advancements have been made in the understanding of the mechanisms behind chromatin arrangement but the field is still lacking a dynamic picture at the single cell and single molecule level. This study provide this study provides insight into the dynamics of CTCF and Cohesin through single particle tracking of CTCF and Cohesin dynamics achieved with single molecule tracking in living mouse embryonic stem cells. The interplay between these two factors was studied by looking at Cohesin’s behaviour in the absence of CTCF and in the context of other biological alterations
Bobo, Marie-Hélène. "Approche pharmacologique de l'homéostasie calcique dans la cellule musculaire lisse gastrique". Montpellier 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MON13503.
Texto completoDelneste, Yves. "Contribution à l'étude du rôle de la cellule endothéliale dans l'asthme". Lille 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LIL10158.
Texto completoAULIAC, PIERRE. "Biosynthese et transfert du cholesterol dans la cellule hepatique du rat". Paris 6, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA066017.
Texto completoBornaque, Florine. "Rôle de l'épitranscriptome dans la physiopathologie de la cellule β pancréatique". Thesis, Université de Lille (2018-2021), 2021. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/ToutIDP/EDBSL/2021/2021LILUS059.pdf.
Texto completoThe prevalence of diabetes in the world continues to increase, with an estimate of 700 million patients by 2045. Understanding the mechanisms involved in the development of the disease has become a major public health issue to prevent the progression of diabetes in the world.Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia (> 1.26 g / L) caused by insulin resistance in peripheral tissues and loss of function and / or mass of pancreatic β cells. These cells, present in the islets of Langerhans, are involved in the regulation of carbohydrate homeostasis by secreting insulin, a hypoglycemic hormone that acts on various tissues sensitive to insulin, such as the liver, muscle or adipose tissue. The pathophysiological dysfunction of β cells, following numerous cellular stresses (oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, inflammation, etc.), is at the origin of the development of T2D.In addition to genetic factors, obesity induced by a diet rich in fats and sugars, physical inactivity and aging are considered to be major environmental risk factors for the development of T2DM. These factors modify the environment of the cells and cause chemical modifications of DNA (methylation of cytosines) or histones (acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, ubiquitination), called epigenetic modifications, thus modulating the expression of many genes and altering, in particular, the identity or function of pancreatic β cells.Other aspects of the regulation of gene expression are little studied in the context of type 2 diabetes. Indeed, RNAs can also be subjected to chemical changes sensitive to environmental signals, such as DNA. These epitranscriptomic modifications correspond to the chemical and reversible modifications of RNA, the most common is m6A methylation, at position N6 of adenosine. The methyl group is added by a protein complex composed in particular of methyltransferases METTL3 and METTL14 and can be removed by demethylases ALKBH5 or FTO. These modifications can be recognized by cytoplasmic or nuclear proteins, which will affect the translation, splicing, stability, structure or localization of RNAs.This modification is involved in many physiological and pathophysiological processes. However, its role in T2D is still poorly understood, although it has recently been shown that m6A methylation may be altered in the pancreatic islet and affect insulin secretion.Thus, in this thesis work, we hypothesized that the environment, through variations in glycemia or free fatty acid concentrations in the blood, could induce changes in the m6A methylation of RNAs and lead to pancreatic β cell dysfunction during T2D.The results obtained during this thesis show a significant decrease in m6A methylation in the presence of a high concentration of glucose, both in mice and in islets obtained from human donors, associated with altered expression levels of m6A demethylases. Palmitate induces the opposite effect with an increase in m6A methylation and a reduction in the expression of demethylases. In addition, the use of siRNA and/or specific inhibitors demonstrates that these enzymes modulate the expression of genes involved in the identity of pancreatic β cells and insulin secretion stimulated by glucose.These results, combined with data from the literature, suggest that changes in glucose concentration regulate m6A methylation, which plays a key role in controlling gene expression for the identity and function of pancreatic β cells. Thus, our results highlight new mechanisms potentially involved in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes and may therefore contribute to a better understanding of the etiology of this disease
Gache, Vincent. "Identification de protéines associées à l'hétérodimère de tubuline dans la cellule". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004GRE10135.
Texto completoMicrotubules play essential roles in a number of cellular processes in cells. Free tubulin concentration influences dramatically microtubule assembly and dynamics. Proteins interacting either with microtubules or with tubulin dimers can modulate microtubule dynamics. Here, we have investigated proteins interacting specifically with native tubulin dimers. For this, an immunoaffinity purification approach was used for proteins interacting specifically with native tubulin dimers. For this, an immunoaffinity purification approch was used for proteins isolation and mass-spectrometry for proteins identification. The identification of proteins that were known to interact with tubulin dimers allows us to validate our approach. Moreover, we have found proteins that were known to interact with microtubules, using other methods, we show that XMAP215, the Xenopus ortholog of TOGp, interact directly with tubulin dimers. We have isolated members of the large family of chaperones. Several studies of the interaction of chaperones with tubulin or microtubules seem controversial. We set out to investigate properties of one member of the Hsp71 family : Hsc70. We showed, in vitro, that there is no direct interaction between Hsc70 and tubulin dimers and/or microtubules. Moreover, Hsc70 does not affect microtubule assembly. These results suggest that the interaction in the cells with microtubules must be indirect. We also identified proteins that were known to have an indirect connection with microtubules. Finally, we found proteins that were not known to interact with tubulin dimers such as adenosine deaminase, ATP-citrate-lyase, ACP2 and LRP130
BADRICHANI, ANNE ZEINA. "Role des proteines anti-apoptotiques dans la cellule endotheliale (doctorat : immunologie)". Paris 5, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA05N150.
Texto completoAntigny, Cécile. "Le travail du tiers dans l'institution : fonctionnement d'une cellule psychologique interne". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. https://wo.app.u-paris.fr/cgi-bin/WebObjects/TheseWeb.woa/wa/show?t=2043&f=15190.
Texto completoThis research falls within the field of clinical psychology of groups and institutions referring to psychoanalysis. By way of a clinical study of internal listening units for employees in institutions (nursing homes, follow-up care clinics, psychiatric clinics), we will address the conditions third parties face within an institution. Following a violent, potentially traumatic event, such as the suicide of a patient, the institutions concerned may make use to this device. Two psychologists, also employees of one of the institutions' establishments, come to listen to the institution's employees. As a clinical psychologist, regularly posted to work inside the studied system, I have conducted my research from within the institution. I sought to define the difficulty facing third parties in finding their place when the framework is so interconnected (the establishment, the institution employing the psychologists, the psychology unit, the institution where the psychologist is posted) and aims to implement issues inherent to such a position. The methodology, in principle, creating a vast separation, consists of analyzing the clinical observations collected from a participatory standpoint in order to decompress them in an external research group brought together for this purpose. All of the documentation related to the studied system for a period of ten years was also analyzed, as well as several meetings between the participants. The primary function of care institutions is to address differences, differentiation, and lack of differentiation. Two poles complicate this reflection. On one hand, they condense the suffering of the populations they receive and the healing ideal they promote and in their negative incarnation, can prove to be a potentially destructive and alienating force; on the other hand, they are currently under great economic strain and a profound restructuration of the meta-social guarantors seeking to redefine themselves. This kind of questioning requires space for reflection, however small, within the institution. Addressing the conditions of third parties can contribute to relieving these spaces and help to open up the dialectic and creative possibilities for the issues surrounding caregiving. The space created however, is not guaranteed. A fourth and temporal dimension cannot be excluded. This dimension can be ascribed in a story that takes into account the legacies of the past, the difficulty in connecting them, helping to envision and work towards a possible continuation. This is what the account of the research process intends to illustrate
Esta investigación se circunscribe al campo de la psicología clínica de grupos e instituciones relacionados con el psicoanálisis. Mediante el estudio clínico de una unidad de atención destinada a los profesionales de la propia Institución Sanitaria: (Residencias de la Tercera Edad, Clínicas de Rehabilitación, Clínicas Psiquiátricas), es decir, una unidad interna de dicha organización, proponemos reflexionar sobre las condiciones necesarias para ocupar el lugar del Tercero. Tras un acontecimiento violento, potencialmente traumatizante, como el suicidio de un paciente, las instituciones afectadas pueden recurrir a este dispositivo. Una pareja de psicólogos empleados a su vez por uno de los centros pertenecientes a la organización se desplaza al centro para atender y escuchar a los profesionales afectados que han vivido en primera persona esta experiencia. Siendo psicóloga clínica en una clínica psiquiátrica, me desvinculo regularmente para trabajar desde el interior del dispositivo objeto de investigación. Trato de definir las dificultades para adoptar el lugar del Tercero cuando el entorno se ha enrarecido hasta este punto (el de la organización, el del establecimiento donde trabaja el psicólogo, el de la unidad de atención psicológica, el del centro donde interviene el psicólogo) y trato de poner los mecanismos de dicho posicionamiento a trabajar. La metodología, utilizando un símil con la técnica literaria de las cajas chinas, consiste en analizar observaciones clínicas reunidas desde la posición del participante para descomprimirlo en un grupo de investigación externo creado con este objetivo. También se ha estudiado el conjunto de documentación relativa al dispositivo generada desde hace diez años, así como algunas reuniones de los participantes. Las instituciones sanitarias, para asumir su tarea principal, examinan la diferencia, la indiferencia, la diferenciación y la indiferenciación. Sin embargo, hay dos cuestiones que generan mayor complejidad en este ejercicio de reflexión. Por un lado, se condesa, a causa del sufrimiento de los que acuden a estas Instituciones Sanitarias, y a causa del ideal de cura que se promueve, y su reverso negativo, una fuerza potencialmente destructora y alienante. Por otro lado, se produce un sometimiento a diversas coacciones económicas y a profundos reajustes por parte de los garantes metasociales y metafísicos que se redefinen. Este planteamiento, busca conquistar espacios de pensamiento dentro de la institución, por más escasos que resulten. Poner en marcha las condiciones de la tercerización puede contribuir a distender dichos espacios y abrir posibilidades dialécticas y creativas sobre los desafíos que implica el cuidado. Sin embargo, el espacio generado no está garantizado. No se puede ignorar una cuarta dimensión, la temporal, que permite inscribirse en una historia que tiene en cuenta la herencia del pasado y las dificultades presentes para vincularlas, e imaginar y actuar en consecuencia. Esto es lo que intenta ilustrar el relato del proceso de esta investigación
André, Isabelle. "Contribution de la cellule de Langerhans dans le système immunitaire cutané". Paris 5, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA05P261.
Texto completoBriard, Diane. "Le fibroblaste humain : cellule effectrice dans l'hématopoi͏̈èse et dans la métaplasie myéloi͏̈de primitive avec myélofibrose". Paris 11, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA11T010.
Texto completoCoulibaly, Arona. "Approche du confort thermique dans l'habitat social en milieu tropical : simulation numérique d'une cellule d'habitation, validation du modèle sur cellule-test". Paris 12, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA120062.
Texto completoMovassagh, Mojgan. "Optimisation du transfert de genes a l'aide de retrovirus recombinants dans les progeniteurs hematopoietiques et les cellules dendritiques chez l'homme". Paris 11, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA114811.
Texto completoGarrigue-Antar, Laure. "Role du transforming growth factor beta 1 dans la progression tumorale colique". Nantes, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NANT08VS.
Texto completoGao, Hongying. "Organisation de l’activité neuronale cérébelleuse lors de d’une tâche de préhension et reste dans des rats déplacant librement". Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066080.
Texto completoThe cerebellum is a brain structure involved in coordination complex motor actions such as voluntary movements. To achieve this function, the precise temporal control of a large population of neurons is required. While a large number of patterned population activity has been characterized in many major brain structures (thalamo-cortical system, basal ganglia, hippocampal formation, etc…), very little is currently known in the cerebellum. Therefore, I investigated the presence and characteristics of such an organization in freely-moving rats, especially when they perform a reach-and-grasp task. The cerebellar cortex has a strong topographical organization, such that neighboring cells share similar input sources and output targets. Therefore, studying the local network properties in the cerebellar cortex allows to access to functionally-relevant population activity. First, I demonstrated that multi-wire electrodes, tetrodes, may be used to record multiple neighboring cells in chronic recordings of freely behaving animals using a custom-made microdrive. Second, I examined in the area of the cerebellar cortex controlling limb movements how the principle cells (the Purkinje cells) coordinate their firing during rest and fast forelimb motor action. Using simultaneous electrophysiological recordings of multiple single cells, I found that neighboring Purkinje cells exhibit consistently a co-modulation of their firing rate at time scale of a few milliseconds. This correlated firing is observed during sleep and active exploration, and increases during motor execution. Our results thus indicate that during a fast and complex movement, local assemblies of Purkinje cells form dynamically at short time scales and will produce very transient episodes of inhibition in the deep cerebellar nuclei. Third, in a collaboration with the group of Richard Courtemanche, we studied the link between neuronal firing and slow local field oscillations that are observed in the cerebellum at rest. We found that a large proportion of Golgi cells and Purkinje cells are modulated during the oscillations. These results indicate that these slow oscillations, that may be also observed in the motor cortex, are propagated in the cerebellar cortex. Overall, my work has identified and characterized a number of state-dependent population activity patterns in the cerebellar cortex. How these patterns impact on the motor system largely remains to be understood and should be examined in future studies
Lagier, Samuel. "L' inhibition dans le bulbe olfactif de rongeur : du recepteur GABAergique aux oscillations du réseau neuronal". Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066573.
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