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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Notariato medievale"

Autor: Grafiati
Publicado: 10 de marzo de 2023

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1

Cammarosano, Paolo. "I notai nella cultura medievale italiana". Italian Review of Legal History, n.º 7 (22 de diciembre de 2021): 719–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.54103/2464-8914/16907.

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L’autore spiega come l’importanza dei notai in ambito urbano (un ambito che dal punto di vista culturale era dal secolo XII dominante rispetto ai territori) fosse molto superiore alla loro presenza numerica, che ruotava intorno al 4% della popolazione cittadina. Questa importanza derivava dal fatto che l’intervento notarile era imprescindibile nella redazione sia degli atti privati che delle scritture delle pubbliche amministrazioni. Poiché l’ascesa al notariato era principalmente il fatto di maestri artigiani, così l’acquisizione della professione notarile era il vertice di una doppia mobilità sociale, dall’acquisizione della maestranza artigiana, partendo normalmente dal discepolato, al passo successivo del notariato. Imprescindibile per questo passo era la padronanza della lingua latina, unica ammessa alla scrittura. Da questa padronanza i notai potevano ascendere a ruoli pubblici importanti e alla confezione di opere letterarie e scientifiche, dove il loro peso fu molto superiore a quel 4%. L’autore illustra il paesaggio di queste scritture e dell’epoca d’oro degli anni 1240-1340 circa.
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2

Bettarini, Francesco. "Notai-cancellieri nella Dubrovnik tardo medievale". Italian Review of Legal History, n.º 7 (22 de diciembre de 2021): 691–718. http://dx.doi.org/10.54103/2464-8914/16906.

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La connessione tra la scrittura pubblica e la figura del notaio nella città di Ragusa (Dubrovnik) è l’argomento principale di questo contributo. Centro urbano posto all’esterno della giurisdizione del Sacro Romano Impero, l’evoluzione della pratica notarile conobbe qui percorso divergenti dal modello ideato dalla scuola giuridica bolognese, sebbene il peso della sua influenza raggiungesse anche le città della costa dalmata. Il risultato più evidente di questa tradizione peculiare fu l’assimilazione del notariato e del cancellierato all’interno di una sola figura professionale, assorbita all’interno della burocrazia dello stato. In ragione della loro esperienza e formazione maturata presso gli studi universitari, il governo raguseo decise alla fine del XIII secolo di affidare l’ufficio notarile ai soli notai italiani.
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Scharf, Gian Paolo Giuseppe. "Notariato milanese e notariato aretino medievali a confronto (secoli XIII-XIV)". Italian Review of Legal History, n.º 7 (22 de diciembre de 2021): 677–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.54103/2464-8914/16905.

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Milano e Arezzo, due città apparentemente molto distanti, ma in realtà piuttosto simili in fatto di civiltà notarile, vengono qui confrontate da questo punto di vista per evidenziare similitudini e particolarità della produzione notarile, della sua conservazione, della carriera e del ruolo di tali protagonisti, del formulario usato da essi. L’analisi viene estesa anche al contado, considerato parte inscindibile di un unico spazio comunale che nella città aveva il suo centro.
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4

Basanta Llanes, Noemi. "contrato foral a Martín Serpe (ACS). Edición crítica dun documento notarial de 1400". Cadernos de Lingua, n.º 33 (3 de agosto de 2011): 57–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.32766/cdl.33.22.

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Neste artigo preséntase a edición crítica dun documento notarial do ano 1400 conservado no Arquivo da Catedral de Santiago (ACS) e asinado polo notario Alvar Pérez Pucariño. Para alén da edición, inclúe un estudo do manuscrito a diferentes niveis: lingüístico, codicolóxico e histórico. Incorpora tamén un índice toponímico e outro antroponímico, así como un glosario con formas léxicas que poden presentar certos usos particulares ou ben non estar recollidas nas fontes documentais do corpus medieval galego
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Gallent Marco, Mercedes. "Documentación notarial e historia de la sanidad". Anales de la Universidad de Alicante. Historia Medieval, n.º 6 (1988): 369–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.14198/medieval.1987.6.16.

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6

Kucab, Anne. "Jean-Louis Roch (dir.), Tabellionages au Moyen Âge en Normandie, un notariat à découvrir". Médiévales 72, n.º 72 (22 de junio de 2017): 197–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/medievales.8135.

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7

Marsilla de Pascual, Francisco. "Notariado eclesiástico de la Iglesia de Cartagena (s. XV): l. Los signos notariales". Anales de la Universidad de Alicante. Historia Medieval, n.º 10 (1996): 233–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.14198/medieval.1994-1995.10.12.

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8

Ramage, Maëlle. "Le notariat, pratique juridique et sociale : les lieux de souscription des actes à Cavaillon au début du xve siècle". Médiévales 59, n.º 59 (31 de diciembre de 2010): 127–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/medievales.6116.

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9

Hook, David. "Un dato más para la historia de la difusión de la leyenda de la destrucción de Jerusalén". Medievalia, n.º 50 (15 de diciembre de 2018): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.19130/medievalia.50.2018.358.

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A la evidencia ya conocida para la difusión en Hispanoamérica de la leyenda medieval de la destrucción de Jerusalén por los romanos podemos añadir una referencia en un documento notarial de Lima, 1583, en el cual el librero Juan Ximénez del Río pide que le traigan desde España veinte ejemplares de dicho texto.
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10

Ciciliot, Furio. "Sources for medieval nautical archaeology: Genoese notarial records". International Journal of Nautical Archaeology 25, n.º 3-4 (agosto de 1996): 239–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-9270.1996.tb00774.x.

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11

Ciciliot, F. "Sources for medieval nautical archaeology: Genoese notarial records". International Journal of Nautical Archaeology 25, n.º 3-4 (agosto de 1996): 239–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/ijna.1996.0026.

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12

Canellas López, Ángel. "El documento notarial en la legislación foral del reino de Aragón". Medievalia 10 (1 de noviembre de 1992): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5565/rev/medievalia.276.

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13

Andrić, Tonija y Ante Birin. "The Middle-Class Entrepreneurial Elite in Šibenik and Split (15th Century)". Povijesni prilozi 38, n.º 56 (2019): 109–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.22586/pp.v56i1.8502.

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The paper explores the entrepreneurial elite of late medieval Šibenik and Split, based on the examples of prominent businessmen in the historical records preserved in the notarial records of the two cities
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14

Bassani, Alessandra. "The Life in the Scroll: Medieval Notaries as Mediators in the Trial, in Wills and in Contracts". Italian Review of Legal History, n.º 8 (22 de diciembre de 2022): 475–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.54103/2464-8914/19453.

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The essay brings together the results of two researches carried out within the project: Limen, Languages of Notarial Mediation between the Middle Ages and the Modern Age, presented in July 2019 at the Extraordinary Call for Interdepartmental Projects of the University of Milan and considered worthy of funding with the recognition of the Seal of excellence in 2020. In the two interventions previously published in italian language (L’attività di mediazione del notaio nella Summa di Rolandino in Mediazione Notarile. Forme e linguaggi tra Medioevo ed Età Moderna, a cura di Alessandra Bassani, Marta Mangini e Fabrizio Pagnoni, Quaderni degli Studi di Storia Medievale e di Diplomatica VI, Milano Pearson 2022 e Notaio mediatore: la distanza fra la vita e la pergamena in Giustizia, istituzioni e notai tra i secoli XII e XVII in una prospettiva europea. In ricordo di Dino Puncuh, a cura di Denise Bezzina - Marta Calleri - Marta Luigina Mangini - Valentina Ruzzin, Notariorum Itinera Varia 6, Società Ligure di Storia Patria, Genova 2022) the Author used the hermeneutic tool of the ‘function’ of mediation to connect the results of the historical-legal research with those equally in-depth of the historians of society, institutions and the economy. Thus the medieval notary’s activity emerges from the examination of testimonial depositions, mortis causa deeds and contracts of writing and discipleship: the notary was protagonist of the institutional, social and economic life of the medieval municipality and also a spiritual and family mediator in his customers’ most intimate and personal life.
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15

Gonçalves, Duarte. "O Tabelionado e seu regimento de 1305: notariado e coroa no Portugal medieval". SIGNUM - Revista da ABREM 12, n.º 2 (25 de febrero de 2012): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.21572/2177-7306.2012.v12.n2.08.

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Este estudo introduz a emer-gência e consolidação do tabelionado no Portugal Medieval, debruçando-se sobre o seu primeiro regimento (1305) e abordando diversas facetas do quoti-diano desta organização. Por fim, tece algumas considerações sobre as rela-ções entre o tabelionado e a Coroa, com o primeiro servindo instrumentalmente o segundo e retirando também daí proveitos econômicos e sociais.
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16

Rivera, Alicia Marchant y Lorena Barco Cebrian. "Participation of Women in the Notarial Public Deed of the 16th Century. From the Constriction of the Marital Licence to the Fullness of Widowhood". European Scientific Journal, ESJ 13, n.º 11 (30 de abril de 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2017.v13n11p1.

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This study intends to analyse the participation of the married woman and the widow in the notarial public deed of the 16th century, in Spain, in light of the notarial forms and treatises of the time and the process itself of executing a notarial public deed. Visigothic Law would gather, to certain extent, Roman limitations and the openness brought by the Christian doctrine, resulting in the different legal systems of High Medieval times, when the married woman needed a licence from her husband in order to act. Spanish Law 56 of Toro would regulate the marital licence as a general system and compulsory requirement for the valid intervention of the married woman. In the beginning of the 16th century, not a few women executed notarial deeds and wrote royal letters related to registering as residents, returning properties and shortening litigations.
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17

Boullón, Ana. "A edición de textos en Galicia (da Idade Media aos Séculos Escuros)". LaborHistórico 3, n.º 1 (23 de abril de 2018): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.24206/lh.v3i1.17108.

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<p><span>O obxectivo deste traballo é revisar as edicións dos textos medievais en prosa (literarios e documentais) e mais os dos chamados Séculos Escuros (XVI-XVIII) en Galicia. A produción escrita medieval foi moi grande, aínda que dos textos literarios subsistiron ata hoxe moi poucos, e todos eles foron obxecto de edición, con maior ou menor fortuna ecdótica. É diferente o caso dos milleiros de documentos notariais esparexidos por distintos arquivos galegos e españois: dos que están publicados, só unha pequena proporción está editada con criterios filolóxicos, con respecto ás súas características lingüísticas. Por último, a heteroxeneidade, dificultade de recolleita e o menor valor literario dos textos do galego medio comportou que en parte estean editados deficientemente, aínda que nos últimos anos vaise progresando nese labor. En todos estes procesos o Instituto da Lingua Galega (ILG - Universidade de Santiago de Compostela) tivo un papel fundamental, tanto nas edicións filolóxicas dos textos editados coma nos proxectos en marcha.</span></p><div><span><br /></span></div>
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18

Ward, John O. "Rhetorical Theory and the Rise and Decline of Dictamen in the Middle Ages and Early Renaissance". Rhetorica 19, n.º 2 (2001): 175–223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/rh.2001.19.2.175.

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This paper examines the links between Classical (Ciceronian) rhetorical theory and the teaching of medieval Latin prose composition and epistolography between the eleventh century and the renaissance, mainly in Italy. Classical rhetorical theory was not replaced by dictamen, nor was it the “research dimension” of everyday dictaminal activity. Rather Classical rhetorical theory, prose composition and epistolography responded to distinct market niches which appeared from time to time in different places as a consequence of social and political changes. Boncompagno's apparent setting aside of Ciceronian rhetorical theory in favour of stricter notarial and dictaminal procedures was in turn superseded by his successors who chose to enrich their notarial theory with studies of classical rhetoric. Classical rhetorical theory proved influential on dictaminal theory and practice. Dictamen was not ousted by classical rhetoric. It only really declined when growing lay literacy and the use of the vernacular combined with the autonomous professionalism of the legal training institutions to erode the privileged position occupied in medieval times by the dictatores.
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19

Sánchez González de Herrero, Nieves y Raquel Sánchez Romo. "Sobre léxico de la documentación notarial medieval del sur de Ávila: léxico de la vida cotidiana (2)." Philologia hispalensis 1, n.º 33 (2019): 125–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.12795/ph.2019.v33.i01.08.

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20

Lemercier, Claire y Francesca Trivellato. "1751 and Thereabout: A Quantitative and Comparative Approach to Notarial Records". Social Science History 46, n.º 3 (2022): 555–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ssh.2022.8.

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AbstractThis article asks a simple question that nevertheless has broad implications for historians of premodern continental Europe: What did notaries do? It answers it by applying descriptive statistics, principal component analysis, and clustering techniques to the typological distribution of all deeds preserved in the notarial collections of six French and Italian cities—Paris, Toulouse, Mende, Turin, Florence, and Livorno—for the year 1751, as well as smaller datasets for other dates and locations. The results of this analysis are surprising. In spite of a high degree of consistency in the notarial profession and terminology (a trait that facilitates our comparisons), the notarial style of each city varied greatly. Variations within a single state were sometimes greater than those across state borders. Both supply and demand of notarial services differed from city to city. Overall, our conclusions are as important as the methodology that we adopt to reach them. Our aim is to offer a replicable analysis that puts quantitative methods in the service not only of the study of a source (notarial records) that is widespread across late medieval and early modern continental Europe and its overseas empires but also of a renewed comparative social history that does not shy away from the heterogeneity of primary sources.
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21

Reyerson, Kathryn L. "The Adolescent Apprentice/Worker in Medieval Montpellier". Journal of Family History 17, n.º 4 (octubre de 1992): 353–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/036319909201700402.

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This study explores the experiential dimensions of apprenticeship and work as part of the adolescent life phase in fourteenth-century Montpellier on the basis of approximately two hundred surviving notarial contracts. The strong role of family in apprenticeship of young men and women, the acquisition of specific occupational skills, character formation, and the well-being of the apprentice/worker are discussed. Apprenticeship for Montpellier youth represented a lengthy (early teens to late twenties) and elaborate transition between childhood and adulthood.
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22

Álvarez Maurín, María del Pilar. "El registro lingüístico especial de los documentos notariales medievales". Estudios Humanísticos. Filología, n.º 15 (1 de diciembre de 1993): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.18002/ehf.v0i15.4242.

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<p>La autora defiende la interpretación lingüística tradicional (Menéndez Pidal) de que los documentos notariales del Reino de León están escritos en latín. Asimismo está de acuerdo con Wright en que no es necesario postular la existencia de un «latín vulgar leonés», pero a diferencia de éste, considera que el lenguaje notarial es un registro especial cuyas pretensiones iban más allá de reflejar el romance cotidiano. En apoyo de su hipótesis analiza la producción escrita de una serie de notarios de los siglos IX al XII.</p><p>The writer defends the Menéndez Pidal's traditional linguistic interpretation on the language of the legal documents of the Kingdom of León as written in Latin. Moreover the writer agrees to Wright's the ory that it is not necessary to postulate the existence of a «leonese vulgar Latin», but differs from him in the sense that she considers that the notarial language was a special form whose purposes trascended the mere transcription of the colloquial Romance. To support her hypothesis she analyzes some legal documents from the IX to the XII centuries.</p>
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23

Rodríguez Guerra, Alexandre. "Os suxeitos explícitos no galego medieval". Revista Galega de Filoloxía 23 (27 de diciembre de 2022): 144–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.17979/rgf.2022.23.0.9378.

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A partir da análise dun corpus propio de oracións de textos galegos medievais dos séculos XIII a XV (da lírica, profana e relixiosa, e da prosa literaria, histórica, relixiosa e notarial), e cunha metodoloxía de base funcionalista, levamos a cabo un estudo da función sintáctica de suxeito (SU). En concreto, investíganse a fondo os exemplos con suxeito léxico e analízase a súa explicitación a partir, sobre todo, dos tipos de unidade, persoas gramaticais e tempos verbais, tipoloxías verbais e esquemas sintácticos oracionais. A interpretación dos resultados enriquécese tamén dende a vertente contras- tiva coa comparación coas fases antigas doutras linguas románicas.
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García Valle, Adela. "Locuciones prepositivas y adverbiales en sus inicios en documentación notarial medieval". Revista de Historia de la Lengua Española, n.º 17 (28 de diciembre de 2022): 59–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.54166/rhle.2022.17.03.

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El reconocimiento de las unidades fraseológicas propias de la lengua jurídica en la Edad Media resulta determinante para la historia de la lengua, por lo que este estudio ofrece una muestra relevante de locuciones prepositivas y adverbiales en documentación notarial temprana en romance analizando su proceso de fijación, gramaticalización e incluso rutinización desde los inicios. Algunas de las locuciones prepositivas analizadas serían en uno con, por fuero de, por la gracia de, a cabo de, en término de, en tierra de, en poder de, por salvamiento de, con voluntad de, a servicio de, en cuerno de, etc. Y, como locuciones adverbiales, entre otras, en uno, por fuero, por siempre, por ventura, a buena fe, a medias, de mancomún, en préstamo, en ayuda, en arras, de yuso, de suso… Sin duda, es necesario conocer las relaciones que establecen ambos tipos de unidades fraseológicas en su proceso de formación y las consecuencias que se desprenden de estas relaciones para avanzar, por un lado, en el análisis evolutivo de las locuciones prepositivas y adverbiales que han trascendido desde el ámbito jurídico medieval hasta su consolidación en la lengua y, por otro lado, para averiguar la historia particular de cada una de estas estructuras en su diacronía. Asimismo, se analizan las similitudes y diferencias observables con respecto a estos dos tipos de locuciones entre la documentación notarial y las crónicas, para conocer la estructura más frecuente en cada una de ellas, los diferentes grados de gramaticalización que presentan y su repercusión en la lengua.
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Schulz, Juergen. "The Houses of the Dandolo: A Family Compound in Medieval Venice". Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 52, n.º 4 (1 de diciembre de 1993): 391–415. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/990865.

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In the present paper an attempt is made to reconstruct the residential compound in medieval Venice of doge Enrico and doge Andrea Dandolo and their kin, using early notarial drafts, charters, and inventories of documents. The history that emerges is compared with theoretical explanations for the existence in the Middle Ages of such family compounds, explanations which-at least in this one instance-are found wanting.
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Stuard, Susan Mosher. "Where Notaries Provided Legal Services to Medieval Townspeople". Journal of Family History 43, n.º 3 (26 de febrero de 2018): 270–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363199018759709.

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If notarial offices in medieval Italian towns had not offered their dual services of commercial law contracts and family law documents on the same premises and in the homes of their clients, perhaps the cross-fertilization of ideas that created the instruments of trade sustaining Europe’s emerging market economy would not have followed. Italian traders carried the contracts that undergirded long-distance trade across Europe and the Mediterranean Sea leaving a singular mark on economic development. Corresponding effects on families who were involved in trade were dramatic, if unintended.
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Egido Fernández, María Cristina. "Perífrasis verbales con infinitivo en documentación leonesa medieval". Estudios Humanísticos. Filología, n.º 17 (15 de diciembre de 1995): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.18002/ehf.v0i17.4109.

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<p>El objeto de este trabajo es analizar las perífrasis verbales con infinitivo que aparecen en documentación procedente de distintas zonas del antiguo Reino de León.</p><p>El estudio se centra en textos notariales, pertenecientes en su mayoría al S XIII, y concretamente en los más de 600 documentos que constituyen la Colección Diplomática del monasterio de Carrizo (León), aunque también se han tenido en cuenta Fueros y documentación de otras áreas leonesas, como Salamanca, Zamora o Asturias. Las perífrasis con infinitivo más abundantes son las que tienen un valor modal. Igualmente se registran perífrasis que indican un orden del proceso (acción no realizada, acción habitual o continuación), aunque son menos frecuentes. En definitiva, los valores que presentan estas perífrasis en la documentación leonesa no difieren prácticamente en nada de los que se dan en el castellano medieval. No obstante, es preciso tener en cuenta que nos hallarnos ante textos escritos de tipo notarial, con un estilo especial y con abundancia de fórmulas fijas, que sólo reflejarán mínimamente toda la variedad de perífrasis que podían darse en la lengua hablada, perífrasis que de hecho se mantienen en la actualidad en amplias áreas dialectales asturleonesas.</p><p>The aim of this paper is to analyze the verbal periphrases with infinitives that appear in documentation from different areas of the ancient Kingdom of León.</p><p>The study is centred on notarial texts mainly from the 13th century and, more specifically, on the over 600 documents that make up the Colección Diplomática del monasterio de Carrizo (León), although Fueros (codos of law) and documents from other Le onese areas like Salamanca, Zamora and Asturias have also been taken into consideration.</p><p>The most commonly occurring periphrases whith infinitives are those that have a modal value. There are also periphrases that indicate an order of process (action not carried out, habitual or continuing action), although they are less frequent. In short, the values presentad by these periphrases in Leonese clocumentation differ hardly at all from those that appear in medieval Castilian. However, it should be remembered that we refer to notarial texts, written in a special style that uses many fixed formula expressions. This reflects only minimally all the varieties of periphrases that could appear in the spoken language and which do, in fact, still appear in wide AsturianLeonese dialectal arcas nowadays.</p>
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Begonja, Sandra y Zrinka Nikolić Jakus. "The Noble Families of Butovan and Botono in Medieval Zadar". Povijesni prilozi 38, n.º 56 (2019): 75–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.22586/pp.v56i1.9177.

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This paper presents the genealogy (family structure), urban family estates, and social life of the Zadar-based noble families of Butovan and Botono during the 13th and 14th centuries (until the 1390s) in order to determine their similarities and differences (whether they were one or two different families). Research has been based on various types of sources, primarily published and unpublished archival material preserved at the State Archive in Zadar (notarial and court documents)
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Peters, Gretchen. "Urban minstrels in late medieval southern France: opportunities, status and professional relationships". Early Music History 19 (octubre de 2000): 201–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0261127900001996.

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By piecing together fragments of diverse archival evidence, it is possible to document a large minstrel population in urban settings in late medieval southern France that was able to support itself through a multiplicity of freelance activities and complex working relationships. Information concerning the urban minstrel in medieval Europe is usually drawn from city accounts and contracts providing details concerning the duties, function and wages of civic musicians. In order to create a multi-dimensional image of the urban minstrel, however, a wide variety of archival sources needs to be explored. Such sources – accounts of confraternities, university statutes, city statutes, tax records, property listings, private notarial contracts, among others – have offered glimpses into aspects of the minstrel community that have tended to remain elusive. This essay first establishes the nature of freelance activities, which were central to the urban minstrel's livelihood. Second, the socio-economic status of minstrels will be investigated, to determine how successful musicians were at supporting themselves in the medieval urban environment.
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30

Roth, Pinchas. "Manuscript Fragments of Early Tosafot in Perpignan". European Journal of Jewish Studies 14, n.º 1 (31 de marzo de 2020): 117–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1872471x-11411099.

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Abstract Fragments of a Hebrew manuscript in thirteenth-century Sephardic script were recently discovered in the binding of a fourteenth-century notarial manual in Perpignan. These fragments are identified here as originating in a copy of Tosafot redacted by a disciple of Isaac ben Samuel of Dampierre. It is suggested that the redactor was Samson ben Abraham of Sens. This find is doubly significant—for the study of Tosafot, and for the intellectual history of medieval Perpignan Jewry.
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31

De Francisco Olmos, José María y Rodrigo José Fernández Martínez. "Una documentación epigráfica inusual: el acta notarial (1747) de una inscripción medieval de la muralla de Alburquerque". Revista General de Información y Documentación 30, n.º 2 (17 de diciembre de 2020): 473–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/rgid.72818.

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En este trabajo vamos a analizar el acta notarial (1747) existente en la Real Academia de la Historia, donde se dibuja y da fe de la inscripción medieval que por entonces se encontraba en la muralla de Alburquerque, veremos el motivo de su realización y compararemos su contenido con lo que se conocía hasta entonces de esta inscripción y las relacionadas con ella, hechas por los mismos protagonistas y en los mismos años (principios del siglo XIV), así como los estudios actuales de la misma.
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32

Vanthieghem, Naïm y Lev Weitz. "Monks, Monasteries, and Muslim Scribes: Three Parchment House Sales from the 4th/10th-Century Fayyūm". Arabica 67, n.º 5-6 (23 de diciembre de 2020): 461–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700585-12341567.

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Abstract This article presents editions of three Arabic parchment deeds of sale from the 4th/10th-century Fayyūm Oasis belonging to two monks, Babā Banīla and Babā Buṭrus, of the Dayr al-Qalamūn monastery. The transactions recorded in our documents are mundane in and of themselves. But put together they offer bits of insight into Christian society in rural medieval Egypt, the notarial practice of provincial Muslim scribes, the relationship between monastic and Islamic legal institutions, and the important but little-attested Dayr al-Qalamūn.
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33

Ferrer Godoy, Joan. "El Cançoner trobadoresc de Sant Joan de les Abadesses: estat de la qüestió, història arxivística i context de producció". Mot so razo 18 (19 de febrero de 2021): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.33115/udg_bib/msr.v18i0.22594.

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<p>Abstract: In 1917, Josep Masdeu, the monastery archivist of Sant Joan de les Abadesses, identified four songs written down in some blank spaces of a paper-based notarial book of the village. In 1935, Higini Anglès, a musicologist of recognized prestige, made them public and since then, they comprise the songbook of Sant Joan de les Abadesses, the unique troubadour catalogue in Catalonia including both the text of the songs and their equivalent musical notation to be performed. From that moment on, the manuscript has been studied in many occasions from a linguistic and musical point of view. The manuscript, currently preserved at the National Library of Catalonia, includes some other text passages of legal topics which we analyse in depth because they delimit the exact chronological period of the song writings. Our study, therefore, has been focused on three main purposes. In the first place, we revise the contributions made so far regarding the description of the document. Next, we build up the archivistic history of the manuscript, from the moment it was discovered until it was deposited in the library mentioned above. Finally, we frame the overall context of the songbook production based on the extraliterary and extramusical texts.</p><p><br />Keywords: Troubadour songs, Medieval manuscripts, Medieval songbook, Sant Joan de les Abadesses Archive, Court books, Notarial -<br />History.</p>
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34

Peters, G. "Urban musical culture in late medieval southern France. Evidence from private notarial contracts". Early Music 25, n.º 3 (1 de agosto de 1997): 403–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/em/25.3.403.

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Schweickard, Wolfgang. "Arabismi latino medievali negli atti notarili genovesi del mar Nero". Zeitschrift für romanische Philologie 134, n.º 2 (8 de junio de 2018): 541–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zrp-2018-0032.

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AbstractGenoa was involved since the 13th century in the commercial activities in the region around the Black Sea (Caffa, Pera, Kiliya, etc.). Numerous texts of that time written in Latin (especially old notarial records) have survived to our days. As the region was a melting pot of traders and travelers from East and West, the sources also contain some interesting lexical borrowings from Arabic. The present article illustrates this phenomenon on the basis of selected examples from the edition of Gheorghe Ioan Brătianu (Actes des notaires Génois de Péra et de Caffa de la fin du treizième siècle, Bucarest, Cultura naţională, 1927) which so far has not yet been taken into account in linguistic research.
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36

Alguacil Martín, M. ª. Eugenia. "Los registros notariales del siglo XV en el Archivo de la Catedral de Toledo". Espacio Tiempo y Forma. Serie III, Historia Medieval, n.º 35 (18 de abril de 2022): 13–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/etfiii.35.2022.31156.

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El presente artículo pretende poner en valor los registros medievales, conservados en la sección Obra y Fábrica del Archivo Capitular de Toledo anteriores a 1503, y por tanto a la Pragmática de Alcalá, que definió el nuevo modo de elaboración del protocolo notarial. Los registros o libros de notas toledanos fueron catalogados en 1977, y suman un total de veintidós, la mayoría libros y algún cuaderno, comprendidos entre los años 1415 y 1503. Son estudiados en su contexto de producción, la Catedral de Toledo, proceden tanto de escribanos públicos, como de notarios eclesiásticos al servicio del cabildo y el arzobispo.
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37

Kasdagli, Aglaia E. "Dowry and Inheritance, Gender and Empowerment in the ‘Notarial Societies’ of the Early Modern Greek World". Fund og Forskning i Det Kongelige Biblioteks Samlinger 44 (14 de octubre de 2005): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/fof.v44i3.132994.

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This communication is something of a paradox. The project I am going to discuss here concerns an issue I have been working on for years, but on the other hand it is very much work in progress –and for technical reasons the progress is unfortunately much less advanced than I thought it would be when I first planned my contribution.First of all, the map illustrates what I mean by the term ‘notarial societies’ –mostly the world of the Greek islands – both along the western coast (Ionian islands) and the central Aegean (Cyclades and others), as well as in the south (Crete). The fall of Constantinople (1453) confirmed the Ottoman dominance on the major part of the former Byzantine Empire. However, some islands remained in Venetian hands or under various Latin lords affiliated with Venice (Khios with Genoa): major examples are Crete (until 1669), the Cyclades (to 1566) and the Ionian islands (to 1797). During the 17th century the Venetian presence was still strongly felt in the region. But the local population was – and remained – predominantly Greek in language and Greek Orthodox in religion. Those societies preserved the notarial tradition throughout the period and part of the vast amount of notarial acts has survived, throwing light on aspects of the social life about which there is very little evidence for the ‘non notarial’ parts of the region.Thus, the term ‘notarial societies’ designate those parts of the post Byzantine Greek world that preserved the medieval notarial tradition up to modern times. The extant notarial documents, therefore, outline the realities of populations, which in their majority shared a common language, religious creed and cultural (Byzantine) heritage. At the same time these were societies with differing physical characteristics, varying historical experiences, and different political and administrative framework, which moreover were subjected to variable cultural influences. All these factors are reflected in the significant regional variations that can be observed: take the example of the types of law regulating notarial practice, which offer a vital key for the interpretation of the information gleaned from the documents. At any given place the prevalent legal system might be any mixture of disparate elements: the Venetian law, in territories held by Venice; the customary law, which regulated most legal relations in regions like the Cyclades; and other influences, such as the feudal Frankish code used by the Latin rulers of formerly Byzantine lands; also, the canon law (which was in effect a continuation of Byzantine legal theory and practice) or the Islamic law, in places where Muslims had settled in large numbers.
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38

Mlacović, Dušan, Marija Mogorović Crljenko y Danijela Doblanović Šuran. "Istrian and Dalmatian Towns – Urban Space and the Elites". Povijesni prilozi 38, n.º 56 (2019): 157–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.22586/pp.v56i1.8965.

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The authors focus on the issue of urban elites in two Adriatic cities, Rab and Rovinj, which differ in their origins and development alike. Rab is an ancient civitas, while Rovinj was classified as a terra in the Venetian administrative system. The two cities also differ in the amount of their preserved written sources. Whereas the medieval sources for Rovinj are only sporadic, for Rab there are a number of notarial books from the late Middle Ages, which allows for a different approach to the spatial identification of urban elites than in Rovinj’s case. Based on the available sources, the paper compares the development, significance, and status of urban elites in both cities
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39

Aparici Martí, Joaquín y Concepción Villanueva Morte. "Deslindes y amojonamientos medievales en las serranías de Gúdar-Maestrazgo: un acercamiento al patrimonio rural y a la didáctica del territorio = Medieval Boundaries and Demarcations in the Gúdar-Maestrazgo Mountains: A First Look at Rural Property and the Pedagogical Approach to Territory". Espacio Tiempo y Forma. Serie III, Historia Medieval, n.º 32 (11 de abril de 2019): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/etfiii.32.2019.23576.

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En este artículo se aborda la compleja problemática histórica que encierra el estudio de los deslindes y amojonamientos municipales en la zona fronteriza de Gúdar-Maestrazgo durante el periodo bajomedieval. La principal aportación radica en la documentación conservada en el Archivo Notarial de Morella (Castelló) que adjuntamos como testimonio de aquellos pleitos pluriseculares e intensa conflictividad suscitada por las disputas entre los habitantes de uno u otro término en razón de dicho motivo.AbstractThis article deals with the complex historical problem that concerns the study of municipal boundaries and demarcations in the border area of Gúdar-Maestrazgo in the Crown of Aragon during the late medieval period. The main contribution is found in the records kept in the Notary Archives of Morella (Castelló) that we include as proof of the centuries-long lawsuits and the severe conflict between the inhabitants of one or the other territory that took place due to issues of territorial limits.
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40

Lacámara Aylón, David. "Las aguas pluviales y su problemática en los entornos urbanos medievales: el caso de la Zaragoza del siglo XV". Edad Media. Revista de Historia, n.º 19 (11 de mayo de 2018): 297. http://dx.doi.org/10.24197/em.19.2018.297-331.

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El presente estudio analiza la relación existente entre las construcciones urbanas de Zaragoza y las aguas pluviales en el siglo XV como ejemplo de los condicionamientos a los que se puede ver expuesta una sociedad urbana bajomedieval en relación a los elementos naturales. Centrándose en el ámbito interior de las propiedades, se realiza un análisis de todas las fuentes documentales conservadas en el Archivo Municipal de la ciudad y de otros, como el Archivo Notarial que permite, de manera concreta, obtener una visión de conjunto del fenómeno y de todas sus implicaciones jurídicas, económicas y sociales.
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41

Van der Schueren, Falco. "Des clercs qui se mesleront de faire lettres et obligations". Tijdschrift voor Rechtsgeschiedenis 88, n.º 3-4 (23 de diciembre de 2020): 392–421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718190-00880a16.

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Summary During the late Middle Ages, the organisation of voluntary jurisdiction in the customary regions of the Southern Low Countries was strongly determined by local developments. While it thrived in the major bishoprics of Liège and Tournai as well as in the commercial centers of Flanders and Brabant, historiography long assumed that the notary public failed to integrate into society in the rural county of Hainaut. Competition with the more dominant aldermen and comital vassals or hommes de fief supposedly prevented notaries from institutionalising their role as private legal intermediaries. Yet, the long-held top-down perspective disregarded interactions between, and the mutual competition among these different ‘agents’, thus creating a unilateral view that emphasised the importance of existing or indigenous alternatives. This contribution aims to better comprehend the organisation of late-medieval voluntary jurisdiction in Hainaut, taking the co-existence of public notaries and hommes de fief into consideration. From a bottom-up approach, relying on contemporary documentary writing practices, it will demonstrate how they both employed pragmatic literacy to gain authority, claim fides publica, and consolidate their own institutional position as such. This paradigm shift offers a framework that nuances previous insights regarding the reception of and developments within the notarial office in late-medieval Hainaut.
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42

Apellániz, Francisco. "Judging the Franks: Proof, Justice, and Diversity in Late Medieval Alexandria and Damascus". Comparative Studies in Society and History 58, n.º 2 (29 de marzo de 2016): 350–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417516000104.

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AbstractThis article describes how Islamic and Frankish legal devices complemented each other and were even combined to settle disagreements in the late medieval Middle East. For this purpose, it focuses on two legal institutions that provided responses to the biases of Islamic law against non-Muslims and to the prejudices of Franks against the local law. The first are the notaries sent to the Mamluk cities by the Venetian government to draw up legal documents and to support the transactions of Venetian merchants. The second are the new royal orsiyāsacourts implemented by the sultans, where justice was dispensed by government officials instead of by traditional judges, orqāḍīs. Specifically, the article discusses, in a comparative manner, what constituted proof for Christians and Muslims, whether minorities could bear testimony or not, and how notaries and judges dealt with unbelievers. A common notarial culture, together with the expansion ofsiyāsajurisdiction over the affairs of foreigners, brought about a much deeper legal interplay than has previously been understood. Ultimately, it is argued that Mediterranean medieval societies had evolving attitudes toward justice and diversity, and approached their own legal traditions in ways compatible with the conflict resolution, while constantly borrowing legal concepts about difference from each other.
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Gómez Rabal, Ana y Alberto Montaner. "Sobre el adjetivo mediolatino armelinus y su parentela románica: una posible etimología árabe". Romanistisches Jahrbuch 70, n.º 1 (18 de noviembre de 2019): 318–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/roja-2019-0017.

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Abstract In Medieval Latin, the adjective armelinus, -na and the noun armelinus are attested in notarial documents and other texts from different regions of Western Europe, in a wide chronology. At first glance, both the name and the adjective are related to the classical Latin demonym Armenius, but this etymon does not explain several aspects of its form and function. The present paper reviews all the etymological hypotheses suggested so far and arrives at the proposal that armelinus could be the result of the adaptation of the Andalusian Arabic armaní ~ arminí ‘Armenian (tissue)’, after converging semantically with armini ~ ermini, derived from the Latin armenius ‘(skin of the) Mustela ermine’. The authors suggest that both terms – adjective and noun – could arise in the territories corresponding to the linguistic domain of Catalan and that they passed from there to Italy and the rest of Western Europe.
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44

Jansen, Katherine L. "“Pro bono pacis”: Crime, Conflict, and Dispute Resolution. The Evidence of Notarial Peace Contracts in Late Medieval Florence". Speculum 88, n.º 2 (abril de 2013): 427–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0038713413001127.

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45

García Fueyo, Beatriz. "Confirmatio donationis, intervivos facta, en el Derecho Romano y su recepción hasta la Edad Media". Revista Española de Derecho Canónico 78, n.º 191 (1 de enero de 2021): 657–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.36576/summa.146819.

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Hay muchas instituciones del Derecho romano que fueron acogidas por el Derecho canónico medieval, algunas de las cuales se plasmaron en el derecho codificado del siglo XX. Quisiéramos poner de relieve que la recepción del ordenamiento romano no significó un trasunto íntegro y literal de las reglas romanas, sino que en muchas ocasiones fueron también de la sociedad cristiana con valores y esquemas jurídicos diferentes a los actuales. En este segundo aspecto, la donatio inter vivos, cuyo régimen aplicable es el justinianeo, e irrevocable desde época clásica, con excepciones bien conocidas, a la luz de una escritura notarial mirobrigense de 1604, sufrió el aditamento de una nota específica, para el supuesto del negocio realizado por un obispo hispano en la Edad Moderna, que era nulo, si manifestaba su voluntad, cumpliendo lo prescrito por el derecho español vigente, tanto en la forma como en el contenido, pocas fechas antes de su óbito, sin respetar los cuarenta días que estaban prescritos entre ambas datas.
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46

Juncosa Bonet, Eduard. "Nós vivim e passam ab gran afany e misèria nostra vida e stat. Las dificultades económicas de una reina viuda. El caso de Margarita de Prades (v. 1410-1430). I. El Interregno y el reinado de Fernando de Antequera (1410-1416)". Aragón en la Edad Media, n.º 31 (30 de diciembre de 2020): 107–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.26754/ojs_aem/aem.2020314609.

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En los últimos años se han incrementado considerablemente los estudios dedicados a las reinas medievales; sin embargo, se ha prestado muy poca atención a lo que sucedía con aquellas que enviudaban. El presente artículo tiene como objetivo analizar en profundidad el prolongado periodo de viudedad de Margarita de Prades (1410-1430), el cual contrasta con su efímero reinado de poco más de ocho meses y medio. Todo un elenco de fuentes, en gran parte inéditas, custodiadas en los archivos reales, papales, notariales y municipales nos servirá para reconstruir una realidad marcada por las graves y recurrentes dificultades económicas a las que tuvo que hacer frente esta reina fugaz. Teniendo en cuenta la amplitud del corpus documental manejado y primando la exhaustividad por encima de una mera perspectiva de síntesis, se ha optado por dividir el artículo en dos partes, abordándose en esta primera los dos años de Interregno y el breve reinado de Fernando I de Aragón. Palabras clave: Margarita de Prades, reginalidad, reina viuda, Corona de Aragón, Casal de Barcelona, Interregno, dinastía Trastámara, Fernando I de Aragón, siglo xv. Abstract: Whereas we have come to find a substantial increase in the number of studies focusing on medieval queens in recent years, less attention has been paid to those who became widowed. This article’s aim is to conduct a detailed analysis of the prolonged period of time that Margarita of Prades remained a widow (1410-1430), a considerably long period when compared to her short reign which lasted for just over eight and a half months. A wide range of largely unpublished sources kept in royal, papal, nobilty, notarial and municipal archives will provide us with the information needed to recreate a reality marked by the severe and recurring financial difficulties faced by this short-reigning queen. Considering the breadth of documents and prioritising thoroughness over a simple summary of viewpoints, a decision to split the article in two was made. This first instalment will offer us an insight into the two-year Interregnum and the brief reign of Fernando I of Aragon. Keywords: Margarita de Prades, queenship, queen dowager, Crown of Aragon, House of Barcelona, Interregnum, Trastamara dynasty, Fernando I of Aragon, 15th century.
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Hilje, Emil. "Autoportreti zadarskog bilježnika Ilije iz 14. stoljeća". Ars Adriatica, n.º 6 (1 de enero de 2016): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.15291/ars.178.

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Notarial signs serving to authenticate private and public legal documents emerged in Dalmatia during the 12th century, and by the late Middle Ages they had become a mandatory part of official documents written on parchment for the legal parties. These signs were graphic as a rule: more or less elaborate drawings with decorative motifs, occasionally with integrated typography, yet without any figural elements. Among the very diverse forms of notarial signs preserved in Croatian archives, that of Split’s canon and Zadar’s notary Helias deserves special attention: instead of using a simple graphic symbol, he depicted a young man’s torso, which for several reasons may be presumed to be his self-portrait. More than fifty notarial signs by Helias have been preserved, but it may be presumed that he produced more than a thousand during more than two decades of his career as a notary. These signs are drawing of very small dimensions (3 x 1.5 cm on the average) and most probably not a result of “artistic” ambition, presuming that such terminology applies at all to the visual production of the time. As many other literate men, Helias probably indulged in drawing and incorporated some of this inclination and skill into his work in a peculiar manner. Over the period of two decades, the depicted figure went through several transformations. Starting from a relatively realistic and quite detailed depiction, in the second phase Helias simplified the drawing and enhanced its elements of caricature, ending with a partially stylized and unified version of his sign. Generally speaking, his drawings were closer to the genre of caricature than an official visual representation, which is why he could style them rather freely as compared to the norms that could be observed in the professional circles, especially in the monumental painting of the 14th century. Despite the fact that they seem somehow timeless, their visual features indicate certain knowledge of the formal language of representative painting. Helias’s skilful handling of lines and the ease with which he used a minimum of expressive devices to outline not only the portrait itself, but also the psychological characteristics of the depicted person, are basically a legacy of Gothic visual culture. Self-portrait as a form, albeit absent at least declaratively from medieval monumental painting, was nevertheless present, even if quite rarely and only in isolated cases, in medieval miniature painting (e.g. the self-portraits of St. Dunstan, the notary Vigil, the painter Hildebertus and his assistant Everwinusa, friar Rufillus, the nun Gude, the miniature painter Matthew Paris, or the illuminator Richard de Montbaston and his wife Jeanne). Nevertheless, the paucity of such examples, as well as the spatial and temporal (partly also cultural) distance, makes it difficult to assess the place of Helias’s self-portraits within a broader context. In any case, the group of some fifty portraits from the 14th century, regardless of their dimensions and character, is certainly a peculiar phenomenon in the context of European visual culture. The key point is thereby not the artistic quality of the drawings, but rather the variety of visual communication in 14th-century Dalmatia.
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Sperling, Jutta. "Dowry or Inheritance? Kinship, Property, And Women's Agency in Lisbon, Venice, and Florence (1572)". Journal of Early Modern History 11, n.º 3 (2007): 197–238. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006507781147470.

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AbstractThe marital property regimes, inheritance practices, and kinship structures of Renaissance Italy and early modern Portugal were at opposite ends of a spectrum. In Italy, the legitimacy of marriage was defined as the outcome of dowry exchange governed by exclusio propter dotem, thus conceptually linked to the disinheritance of daughters and wives. In Portugal, where the Roman principle of equal inheritance was never abolished, domestic unions qualified as marriages insofar as joint ownership was established. Kinship structures were rigidly agnatic in Italy, but cognatic, even residually matrilineal, in Portugal. An investigation of notarial records from Lisbon, Venice, and Florence shows how women's capacity for full legal agency as property owners in both societies differed. Female legal agency, however, whether measured by women's capacity to engage in property transactions independently of their marital status (Portugal), or as the manipulation of limited legal resources, even resistance against a system of dispossession (Italy), always unfolded within the context of larger agendas that were beyond women's control, such as the processes of state formation in medieval Italy and empire-building in Portugal.
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49

Juncosa Bonet, Eduard. "«Nós vivim e passam ab gran afany e misèria nostra vida e stat». Las dificultades económicas de una reina viuda. El caso de Margarita de Prades (v. 1410-1430). 2ª parte: El reinado de Alfonso el Magnánimo hasta la muerte de la reina (1416-1430)". Aragón en la Edad Media, n.º 32 (4 de mayo de 2021): 187–224. http://dx.doi.org/10.26754/ojs_aem/aem.2021325222.

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Resumen: En los últimos años, se han incrementado considerablemente los estudios dedicados a las reinas medievales; sin embargo, se ha prestado una menor atención a lo que sucedía con aquellas que enviudaban. El presente artículo tiene como objetivo analizar en profundidad el prolongado periodo de viudedad de Margarita de Prades (1410-1430), el cual contrasta con su efímero reinado de poco más de ocho meses y medio. Todo un elenco de fuentes, en gran parte inéditas, custodiadas en los archivos reales, papales, nobiliarios, notariales y municipales nos servirá para reconstruir una realidad marcada por las graves y recurrentes dificultades económicas a las que tuvo que hacer frente esta reina fugaz. Teniendo en cuenta la amplitud del corpus documental manejado y primando la exhaustividad por encima de una mera perspectiva de síntesis, el artículo se divide en dos partes, abordándose en esta segunda los años de reinado de Alfonso el Magnánimo hasta el fallecimiento de la reina viuda. Palabras clave: Margarita de Prades, reginalidad, reina viuda, dificultades económicas, monja, Corona de Aragón, dinastía Trastámara, Alfonso el Magnánimo, Monasterio de Santa Maria de Valldonzella, Monasterio de Bonrepòs, siglo xv. Abstract: Whereas we have come to find a substantial increase in the number of studies focusing on medieval queens in recent years, less attention has been paid to those who became widowed. This article’s aim is to conduct a detailed analysis of the prolonged period of time that Margarita de Prades remained a widow (1410-1430), a considerably long period when compared to her short reign which lasted for just over eight and a half months. A wide range of largely unpublished sources kept in royal, papal, nobility, notarial and municipal archives will provide us with the information needed to recreate a reality marked by the severe and recurring financial difficulties faced by this short-reigning queen. Considering the breadth of documents and prioritising thoroughness over a simple summary of viewpoints, a decision to split the article in two was made. This second instalment will deal specifically with the years of the reign of Alfonso the Magnanimous until the death of the queen dowager. Keywords: Margarita de Prades, queenship, queen dowager, financial difficulties, nun, Crown of Aragon, Trastamara dynasty, Alfonso the Magnanimous, Monastery of Santa Maria de Valldonzella, Monastery of Bonrepòs, 15th century.
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Aparici Martí, Joaquín y Concepción Villanueva Morte. "Jóvenes huérfanos en el Maestrazgo medieval. Aproximación a su vida a través de los documentos de tutela." Revista de Humanidades, n.º 42 (4 de mayo de 2021): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/rdh.42.2021.25930.

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Resumen: La infancia y la adolescencia suponen un período vital en la formación de la personalidad del individuo. Si ese período ya puede resultar duro y traumático según determinadas épocas, aún lo puede ser más si los actores del proceso son huérfanos. Presentamos aquí una contextualización sobre la vida de los huérfanos del territorio castellonense del Maestrazgo de Montesa durante la Edad Media. Para ello utilizamos los registros notariales conservados en la zona. De toda la documentación consultada hacemos especial mención a las tutelas porque ofrecen datos indiciarios sobre cómo se desarrolló la vida de esos jóvenes hasta alcanzar la mayoría de edad legal.Abstract: Childhood and adolescence represent a vital period in the formation of the individual's personality. If that period can already be hard and traumatic according to certain times, it can be even more so if the actors in the process are orphans. We present here a contextualization about the life of the orphans of the Maestrazgo de Montesa in Castellon during the Middle Ages. For this we use the notarial records kept in the area. Of all the documentation consulted, we make special mention of the guardianships because they offer indicative data on how the life of these young people developed until they reached the legal age of majority.
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