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Literatura académica sobre el tema "Northem Chile"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 25 de mayo de 2024

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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Northem Chile"

Boucot, A. J., Heinrich Bahlburg, Christoph Breitkreuz, Peter E. Isaacson, Hans Niemeyer y Felipe Urzua. "Devonian brachiopods from northern Chile". Journal of Paleontology 69, n.º 2 (marzo de 1995): 257–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000034594.

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Fossiliferous marine Devonian has been known in Chile for less than a decade. The initial discovery from south of the Salar de Atacama region, in the Sierra de Almeida, northern Chile is described together with its brachiopods. The brachiopods indicate an age span of Emsian–Eifelian or Givetian, shallow-water conditions in the Benthic Assemblage 2 range, and a biogeographic boundary region between the cool climate Malvinokaffric Realm and warmer region extra-Malvinokaffric Realms, including the Eastern Americas Realm and the Rhenish-Bohemian Region of the Old World Realm. The recent discovery of a Malvinokaffric Realm trilobite far to the south in Chile, at Buill in the Andes of Chiloe, serves to underline our very preliminary knowledge of the Chilean Devonian, whereas the alleged Devonian brachiopods from the Chonos Archipelago far to the south are probably bivalves of uncertain age.

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Palacios, Carlos. "Subvolcanic Copper Deposits in the Coastal Range of Northern Chile". Zentralblatt für Geologie und Paläontologie, Teil I 1985, n.º 9-10 (9 de julio de 1986): 1605–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/zbl_geol_pal_1/1985/1986/1605.

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Mayer, Ch K. y L. Fontboté. "New Observations on the Silver Mining District of Chañarcillo, Northern Chile". Zentralblatt für Geologie und Paläontologie, Teil I 1985, n.º 9-10 (9 de julio de 1986): 1637–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/zbl_geol_pal_1/1985/1986/1637.

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Vernazzani, Barbara Galletti, Carole A. Carlson, Elsa Cabrera y Robert L. Brownell Jr. "Chilean blue whales off Isla Grande de Chiloe, 2004-2010: distribution, site-fidelity and behaviour". J. Cetacean Res. Manage. 12, n.º 3 (8 de febrero de 2023): 353–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.47536/jcrm.v12i3.567.

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A collaborative research program (the Alfaguara Project) has collected information on Chilean blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus) off Isla Grande de Chiloe, in southern Chile, through eight aerial and 85 marine surveys. A total of 363 individual blue whales was photo-identified from 2004 to 2010. Approximately 20% of all catalogued individuals were resighted within the same season and 31% were resighted between years. Recaptures of photo-identified individuals from other areas to the north and south of the main study area support the hypothesis that the feeding ground off southern Chile is extensive and dynamic. The high overall annual return and sighting rates highlight the waters off northwestern Isla de Chiloe and northern Los Lagos as the most important aggregation areas currently known for this species in Chile and one of the largest in the Southern Hemisphere. Observations on feeding and social behaviour also were recorded. These results provide important information on the conservation status of Chilean blue whales and highlight the necessity that long-term photographic identification research and line-transect surveys to monitor health conditions and population trends be continued off northwestern Isla de Chiloe. The high frequency of large vessels in the mouth of the Chacao Channel (along the north side of Isla de Chiloe) and the high number of blue whales in the area raises the possibility of vessel collisions. Therefore, it is necessary to develop and implement a conservation plan for these whales to address this and other potential threats.

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Honour, Richard. "Nuevo género y nueva especie de Xyletininae (Coleoptera: Ptinidae) del norte de Chile". REVISTA CHILENA DE ENTOMOLOGÍA 45, n.º 2 (21 de junio de 2019): 315–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.35249/rche.45.2.19.21.

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Araya, Isabel. "Migración, género y danza. Trayectorias de mujeres afrodescendientes en el norte de Chile". REMHU: Revista Interdisciplinar da Mobilidade Humana 31, n.º 67 (abril de 2023): 97–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1980-85852503880006707.

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Resumen Esta investigación indaga en la dimensión corporal de la interseccionalidad entre mujeres migrantes. Para ello se consideran las trayectorias corporales de mujeres afrocolombianas en Arica, frontera norte de Chile donde se desarrolla además el movimiento afrochileno. En la última década, la llegada de población afrolatinoamericana y afrocaribeña al país suscita reacciones de racismo, discriminación y xenofobia. A su vez, hace dos décadas, el movimiento afrochileno conforma organizaciones que reclaman el reconocimiento efectivo de sus comunidades, entre ellas agrupaciones musicales. Desde un enfoque cualitativo, se realizan dos historias de vida y mapas corporales con mujeres afrocolombianas que participan del movimiento afrochileno a través de la danza, y se ahonda en sus procesos corporales vinculados a las trayectorias migrantes. Se destaca que para las mujeres afrodescendientes migrantes la danza se transforma en una estrategia vinculada a sus cuerpos que propicia procesos de agencia.

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Gaete Quezada, Ricardo. "Encuadres informativos sobre migración y confrontación por el espacio público en el norte de Chile". Política y Cultura, n.º 60 (22 de diciembre de 2023): 155–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.24275/pksd8647.

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Pinto-Cortez, Cristián, Noemí Pereda y María Soledad Álvarez-Lister. "Child Victimization and Poly-Victimization in a Community Sample of Adolescents in Northern Chile". Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma 27, n.º 9 (20 de diciembre de 2017): 983–1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10926771.2017.1410748.

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Caqueo-Urízar, Alejandra, Alfonso Urzúa, Carolang Escobar-Soler, Jerome Flores, Patricio Mena-Chamorro y Ester Villalonga-Olives. "Effects of Resilience and Acculturation Stress on Integration and Social Competence of Migrant Children and Adolescents in Northern Chile". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, n.º 4 (23 de febrero de 2021): 2156. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18042156.

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Migration in Chile has increased exponentially in recent years, with education being one of the main focuses of attention in this cultural transformation. Integration and social competence in the migrant population are determined by several factors. The aim of this study is to evaluate the potential effects of resilience and acculturation stress on the levels of integration and social competence in migrant students in Northern Chile. In total, 292 school children of both genders aged 8 to 18, from the fourth grade to senior year of high school, participated in the investigation. A subscale of the Child and Adolescent Assessment System (Sistema de evaluación de niños y adolescentes SENA) was used to assess integration and social competence. Additionally, the Child and Youth Resilience Measure (CYRM-12) and the Acculturation Stress Source Scale (FEAC) were used. The results show that integration and social competence have statistically significant and direct associations with resilience (p < 0.001) and indirect associations with acculturation stress (p = 0.009). Both constructs could be defined as protection and risk factors, respectively, and should be considered in educational contexts to favor adaptation in the integration of migrant children and adolescents.

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Gröschke, Manfred y Axel V. Hillebrandt. "The Bathonian in Northern Chile". Geobios 27 (diciembre de 1994): 255–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-6995(94)80144-4.

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Tesis sobre el tema "Northem Chile"

García, Marcelo. "Évolution oligo-néogène de l'Altiplano occidental (arc et avant-arc du Nord du Chili, Arica) : tectonique, volcanisme, sédimentation, géomorphologie et bilan érosion-sédimentation". Grenoble 1, 2001. https://theses.hal.science/tel-00546057.

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L'évolution géodynamique oligo-néogène de l' Altiplano au niveau du "Coude d'Arica", est caractérisée par déformation compressive et volcanisme importants. Dans la partie orientale de la chaîne (Bolivie), le raccourcissement est bien documentée (190-280 km), et il explique une croûte très épaisse (65 km). Dans la partie occidentale (Nord du Chili), cependant, l'histoire géologique n'est pas bien connue et est en partie controversée. L'étude de la région d'Arica, sur trois transects régionaux (au 1:50. 000), permet de proposer un model représentatif d'évolution géodynamique pour l'Altiplano occidental. L'Oligocène (-35-26 Ma) est caractérisé par une sédimentation fluviatile, enregistrée dans la partie la plus profonde de la Dépression Centrale. Les dépôts, atteignant 500m d'épaisseur, recouvrent en discordance angulaire une surface d'érosion régionale peu accidentée. Ils sont poligéniques et proviennent de l'Est, de l'érosion d'une proto-Cordillère Occidentale. Ils sont affectés par des chevauchements subverticaux à vergence Ouest. L'Oligocène terminal-Miocène précoce (26-19 Ma) est une période intensive de volcanisme effusif et explosif. A l'Est (Cordillère Occidentale), l'arc volcanique est représenté par au maximum de 2. 500 m d'andésites, dacites et ignimbrites rhyolitiques, intercalées de niveaux alluviales et lacustres. Cet arc, très actif, a été associé à la formation des caldeiras d'effondrement. A l'Ouest (Précordillère et Dépression Centrale), les dépôts d'avant-arc sont représentés par jusqu'à 1. 000 m d'ignimbrites rhyolitiques (extra-caldeira), avec intercalations fluviatiles et lacustres. Dans la Cordillère de la Côte, une sédimentation alluviale oligo-miocène est enregistrée dans des bassins restreints (<200 fi d'épaisseur). Au cours de ce cycle, on ne note pas d'indices d'une activité tectonique importante, sauf un plissement faible dans la Cordillère Occidentale. Le Néogène (,. . . ,18-0Ma) est caractérisé par un volcanisme andésito-dacitique, principalement effusif, développé dans la Cordillère Occidental avec un volume modeste par rapport à la période antèrieur. Ce volcanisme est accompagné d'une tectonique compressive importante associé à sédimentation fluviatile syntectonique relativement restreinte. La déformation est représentée par un système de plis et de chevauchements à vergence Ouest impliquant le socle, dont le raccourcissement minimum est estimé à 7 km. Cette déformation s'est développée surtout dans la partie ouest de la Cordillère Occidentale, entre 18 et 5 Ma avec des réactivations mineures pendant le Plio-Quaternaire. Ceci implique une vitesse de racourcissement horizontal, pendant le Néogene, de l'ordre de O,54km/Ma. Au niveau de la Dépression Centrale, pendant le Miocène, une sédimentation fluviatile et lacustre est représentée par au maximum de 350 m de dépôts volcanogéniques provenant de l'Est. Vers 12 Ma, la sédimentation fluviatile s'est arrêté et une surface de pédimentation régionale s'est mis en place. Postérieurement l'avant-arc a été affectée par une forte incision (atteignant 1. 000 m) concentrée sur un petit nombre de vallées. L'événement coincide avec un important changement climatique qui a induit la désertification d'Atacama, accompagné d'une baisse eustatique (au maximum de 200 m). Pendant le Miocène supérieur-Quaternaire, cependant, la forte incision n'est pas expliquée seulement par effects exogènes. Un soulèvement majeur (-800 m) de l'avant-arc s'est donc produit. Le soulèvement et l'abrasion marine ont généré un abrupt côtier, tandis que dans les vallées incisées se sont déclenché d'importants glissements de terrain. La déformation contemporaine de l'avant-arc est localisée au niveau de failles et de plis flexures larges, associés à la propagation aveugle de chevauchements subverticaux avec des déplacements verticaux importants (jusqu'à 850 m) et des raccourcissements négligeables (jusqu'à 100 m). Le soulèvement de la Précordillère s'est produit entre 12 et 10 Ma, et il a été suivi d'un mega-glissement gravitaire. Les roches volcaniques oligo-néogènes d'Arica sont calco-alcalines fortement potassique, et leur composition varie peu au cours du temps. Cependant, on note un enrichissement croissant en éléments lithophiles, une participation de plus en plus importante du grenat comme phase résiduelle dans la croute inférieure, et une diminution relative du taux de fusion partiel dans la source mantélique. Par ailleurs, l'évolution structurale et le bilan érosion-sédimentation montrent que la Cordillère Occidentale d'Arica a été soulévée et soumise à l'érosion depuis l'Eocène. Au cours de la période considérée (Olîgo-Néogène), l'épaississement crustal de l'AltipIano occidental a donc été relativement lent par rapport à l'Altiplano oriental et non seulement liée à des processus tectoniques
The oligo-neogene geodynamic evolution of Altiplano, at the latitude od "Codo de Arica", is characterised by an important compressive defonnation and volcanism. In the eastern part of the chain (Bolivia), the shortening is weIl documented (190-280 km), and it explain a very thick crust (65 km). However, in the western part, the geological history is not weIl known and in part controversial. The study of the Arica region, on three regional transects (to scale 1:50. 000), permit to propose a representative model for the geodynamic evolution of the western Altiplano. The Oligocene (-35-26 Ma) is characterised by fluvial sedimentation, recorded in the deeper part of the Central Depression. The deposits, up to 500 m thickness, cover a topographically smooth regional unconformity. They are polymictic and provene from the East, from the erosion of a proto-Cordillera Occidental. They are cut by subvertical west-vergent faults. The Late Oligocene-Early Miocene (26-19 Ma) is a period of intense effusive and explosive volcanism. To the East (Cordillera Occidental), the volcanic arc is represented by a maximum of 2. 500 m of andesites, dacites and rhyolitic ignimbrites, with alluvial and Iacustrine intercalations. This arc, very actif, was asociated to formation of collapse calderas. To the West (Precordillera and Central Depression), the fore-arc deposits are represented by up to 1. 000m of rhyolitic ignimbrites (extra-caldera), with fluvial and lacustrine intercalations. In the Coastal Cordillera, oligo-miocene alluvial sedimentation is recorded in restricted bassins (<200 m thickness). Throughout this cycle, no evidence has been found for important tectonic compressive activity, except in a gentle folding in the Cordillera Occidental. The Neogene (--18-0Ma) is characterised by a andesite-dacitic volcanism, mainly effusif, developed in the Cordillera Occidental with a modest volume respect to the previous period. This volcanism was coeval of restricted fluvial syntectonic sedimentation. The deformation is represented by a west-vergent thrusts and folds system, involving the basement, and with a minimum shortening estimate to he 7 km. This deformation developed essentially in the west part of the Cordillera Occidental, between 18 and 5 Ma with Plio-Quaternary little reactivations. This implies a velocity of horizontal shortening, during Neogene, close to 0,54 km/Ma. In the Central Depression, during Miocene, fluvial and lacustrine sedimentation is represented by a maximum of 350 m of volcanoclastic deposits, which provene from the East. Close 12 Ma, the fluvial sedimentation ceased and a regional pedimentation surface developed. Afetr it, the fore-arc was afected by strong incision (down to 1. 000 m) concentrated in a few valleys. The event would he associated to a regional climatic change, which have induced the desiccation of Atacama, coeval with an eustatic descent (maximum of 200 m). During Late Miocene-Quaternary, however, the incision is not only explain by exogene phenoma. Therefore, un major uplift (--800 m) of the fore-arc is infered. The uplift and marine abrasion have generated an abrupt coastal cliff, and in the incised valleys produced important ground-mass collapses. The coeval deformation ofthe fore-arc is located at the fault and gentle tlexure-folds associated to the blind propagation of the subvertical faults, which induce important vertical displacement (up to 850 m) and negligeable shortening (up to 100 m). The uplift of the Precordillera produced between 12 and 10 Ma, and it has been followed by a giant gravitational collapse. The Oligo-Neogene volcanic rocks ofArica are high-potassium calc-alkaline, and its composition do not vary significantly with time. However, we note an increasing enrichment of lithophiles elements, a more important participation of gamet as residual phase in the lower crust, and a relative decreasing ofthe partial fusion rate in the mantle source. On the other hand, the structural evolution and the erosion-sedimentation balance show that the Cordillera Occidental of Arica region bas been uplif and exposed to erosion since Eocene. In the considered period (Oligo-Neogene), the crustal thickning of the western Altiplano was slow respect to the eastern Altiplano and not only associated to the tectonic processus

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Cowan, Grace. "CHILE: Mi Conquista, de Norte a Sur". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2010. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/10.

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My thesis is a creative expression in poetry about my study abroad experience in Chile. During my time in Chile I traveled all over the country and tried to experience as much of the culture as possible. These poems speak of different parts of the country that I visited and different cultural aspects to which I was exposed. The work also includes photos from my travels to accompany several of my poems. This thesis was written with the hope that others might be able to better understand my semester in Chile.

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Ardill, John. "Sequence stratigraphy of the Mesozoic Domeyko basin, northern Chile". Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.307620.

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The Domeyko basin of northern Chile records Late Triassic-Early Cretaceous mixed carbonate and siliciclastic marine deposition along the western margin of Gondwana. The carbonate and siliciclastic ramp environment is characterised by the deposition of siliciclastic-dominated sediments at times of low accommodation space (lowstand and late highstand systems tracts) and carbonate-dominated sediments during periods of high accommodation space (transgressive and early highstand systems tracts). Along strike variations in siliciclastic sediment supply do not overprint the effects of basinwide changes of relative sea-level. Sequence stratigraphical analysis identifies five second-order sequences resulting from changes in accommodation space and hence, relative sea-level. Within these second-order cycles a higher-frequency cyclicity has also been identified. Each second-order sequence is composed of between 3 and 5 high-frequency sequences which results in a second-order composite sequence, but does not produce the "typical" sequence-sets normally associated with composite sequences. Comparison of the relative sea-level fluctuations interpreted from the Domeyko basin succession with those documented from other similar age South American marginal basins and northern hemisphere basins allows the distinction of regional from global events, and a methodology for potentially differentiating between eustatic and tectonic driving mechanisms. The choice of these basins permits an objective analysis of relative sea-level change using basins of different tectonic setting, on different continental plates. Relative sea-level fall in the late Early Sinemurian, earliest Pliensbachian, earliest Aalenian, Early Callovian, earliest Valanginian, and rises in the earliest Hettangian, earliest and Late Toarcian, Early and Late Bajocian, Late Bathonian and earliest Oxfordian of the Dorneyko basin appear time-equivalent to similar events in other southern and northern hemisphere basins and thus are interpreted to be products of eustatically driven, global sea-level cycles. Relative sea-level falls in the earliest Bathonian, Late Oxfordian, earliest Valanginian and rises in the Late Kimmeridgian are interpreted to be tectonically-driven, continental-scale changes in accommodation space. Although the earliest Valanginian relative sea-level fall can also be seen globally the sequence boundary is interpreted to be tectonically-enhanced by documented regional uplift in Chile and Argentina. The Domeyko basin succession appears to be dominantly controlled by global sea-level fluctuations during the Early-Middle Jurassic, interpreted to have been driven by glacio-eustasy, and by continental-scale fluctuations during the Middle Jurassic to mid-Cretaceous. Mesozoic back-arc basins of western South America record both eustatic and subduction-related relative sea-level fluctuations. To date, the latter have been assumed to be driven chiefly by Pacific plate spreading. However, five tectonically-driven sequence boundaries in the Domeyko and Neuquen basins which have no time correlative expressions in northern hemisphere basins display a close temporal association with five major Gondwanan fragmentation phases. They are: (A) the earliest Bathonian (170 Ma) sequence boundary was driven by the separation of Laurasia and Gondwana; (B) the Late Oxfordian (157 Ma) salinity crisis was driven by the separation of west from east Gondwana; (C) the termination of the marine Domeyko basin was driven by the fragmentation of east Gondwana; CD) the termination of the marine Neuquen Basin (114 Mal was driven by the opening of the South Atlantic; and (E) the major basin inversion associated with the Peruvian tectonic event (100 Mal was driven by the final fragmentation phase within east Gondwana. It is deduced that plate reorganisation associated with the initiation of new oceans during Gondwanan fragmentation resulted in increased coupling along the Andean subduction zone producing regional uplift and thus relative sea-level fall. Responses variously involve: basin barring and Kimmeridgian evaporite production; erosively-based fluvial sandstones directly overlying offshore marine deposits; closure of the Rocas Verdes oceanic marginal basin; sequential termination of marine conditions in the Domeyko and Neuquen back-arc basins; sudden influx of arc-derived alluvial conglomerates resulting from the onset of contractional tectonics; and an incremental jump in the eastward propagation of the Andean volcanic arc. Discrete contractional episodes in the otherwise extensional Andean active margin were thus driven by the incremental spreading phases of the supercontinent. Associated thermal signatures are recorded near the centre of Gondwana by kimberlite emplacement frequency maxima in southern Africa. Plate tectonic theory emphasises the dynamic interaction between adjacent plates, whereby relative rates of motion can be fixed to either the underriding or overriding plate as a reference frame. With reference to the circum-Gondwana subduction zone, I believe that in the past an overemphasis has been placed on the motions of oceanic plates in the Pacific region, while overlooking the role that the thermal evolution of the Pangean supercontinent played in driving circum-Pangean subduction. Thus, careful sequence stratigraphical analysis of active margin sedimentary basins provides a high resolution record, presently under-utilised in detecting, identifying and analysing global tectonic events in time.

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Matthews, Stephen John. "Volcanology, petrology and geochemistry of Lascar Volcano, northern Chile". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.283332.

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Aronson, James. "Desert Plants of Use and Charm from Northern Chile". University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/609119.

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Following a brief introduction to the geography, geomorphology, and climatic conditions of the arid northern regions of Chile, 20 taxa of plants are described in terms of their botany, ecology, distribution, and current and past uses. Emphasis is placed on perennial legumes, some of which are being used in a new research and development project in Chile. Discussion is also made of possible pre-Colombian plant exchanges between northern Chile and the region east of the Andes.

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May, Geoffrey. "Oligocene to recent evolution of the Calama Basin, northern Chile". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1997. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=191900.

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The Calama and eastern Pampa del Tamarugal Basins are located between 22°S and 23°S within the forearc of northern Chile. They are filled by sediments deposited in alluvial braidplain, fluvial, playa sandflat, lacustrine and volcaniclastic environments under a semi-arid to hyper-arid climate. The nature of the alluvial braidplain depositional environment is unusual in that it combines elements of both alluvial fan and fluvial depositional systems, in contradiction to recently published models of alluvial fan sedimentation. Detailed sedimentary logging, magnetostratigraphy and dating of 14 volcanic interbeds by the ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar laser fusion method has established a lithostratigraphic and chronostratigraphic framework for the 700 m thick basin-fill. Basin formation was investigated by regional subsidence during the Late Eocene or Early Oligocene, followed by widespread alluvial braidplain deposition during the Oligocene(?). A change to fluvial and playa sandflat deposition during the Early to Mid-Miocene is considered to be coincident with a decrease in active subsidence. Sedimentation ceased and thick (25 m) gypcrete deposits developed along the eastern margin of the basin during the Mid-Miocene as a response to an increasingly arid climate. Phases of minor lacustrine, fluvial and alluvial braidplain deposition during the Late Miocene-Early-Pliocene and the Late Pliocene(?) to Pleistocene were primarily controlled by small-scale fault movements and folding events, although climatic variations may have been important in some cases. A new lithostratigraphic division of the basin-fill is proposed here, which comprises 13 different formations. The previously defined El Loa Formation comprises a number of depositional units which are spatially and temporally discrete formations, and is therefore awarded group status.

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McElderry, Susie. "Contrasting deformation styles in the Domeyko Fault System, northern Chile". Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366424.

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Subduction of an oceanic plate under the Pacific margin of South America has heen prevalent since Jurassic times. Magmatic and deformation centres have migrated eastward since suhduction began. Northern Chile houses two north-south trench linked strike-slip fault systems, the Atacama Fault Zone and the Domeyko Fault System (DFS). The DFS lies within the Chilean Precordillera from 2 10 to 28°S. Lateral movement began on the DFS in the Eocene. The DFS can be divided into three segments which have apparently undergone differing deformation histories. This study has focused on the central segment of the DFS, to determine fault kinematics and to establish a relative chronology of deformation. Observations have been made in more detail than previous investigations and have heen used to infer the deformation history . Shallow level faulting has resulted in heavily fractured zones with occasional slickenline surfaces. It is difficult to infer kinematics of faulting from these. Much effort has been expended in developing techniques to analyse fracture patterns associated with brittle faulting under conditions of plane strain, simple shear. A novel approach of analysing the shapes of clasts of rock defined by secondary fractures within a fault zone has been used. The clasts approximate ellipses when viewed in 2 dimensions. Combining ellipse orientation and aspect ratio from mutually perpendicular sections through the fault zone allowed calculation of an ellipsoid representative of the clasts of rock in 3 dimensions. Independent determination of the fault kinematics using stratigraphic relationships across the fault, fracture distribution, incremental strain axes and palaeomagnetic analysis has all owed evaluation of the new technique. The shapes of rock clasts are found to be related to the kinematics of the fault system. Up to a critical stage of development of the fault zone the axes of the rock clasts parallel the slip direction, intermediate strain axis and pole to the boundary faults. Which rock clast axis parallels which structural feature depends upon the spacing and curvature of fractures and stage of development of the fault zone. Analysis of the shapcs or rock clasts defined by fractures can avoid bias of the data set towards thicker fractures or against irregular fractures, which can occur when measuring fracture orientations directly. The degree of development of the fault zone varies laterally along the fault over short distances. This causes the shape.: fabric of the rock clasts to change, so predictions of connectivity within a fault zone are limited. The history of the central segment of the DFS determined from this study is found to occur with earlier workers. The complementary deformation histories produced from two scales of ohservation verifies the reliability of the chronology. Lateral movements along the DFS are thought to begin in the Eocene with a sinistral transpressive event which occurred along all three segments of the DFS. En echelon folds, east and west verging thrusts and clockwise rotations associated with sinistral faulting along the master fault of the segment are documented. Later, in the Oligocene, dextral faulting occurred. large clockwise palaeomagnetic rotations, determined from Palaeozoic samples beside the master fault, indicate sinistral displacements have been larger than dextral disp acements. It is inferred that only one episode of large lateral transport occurred. This is the Eocene sinistral event. Normal faulting associated with sinistral displ acements along the western side of the system are documented. This later sinistral faulting has not been documented before in the central segment of the DFS. After Oligocene age dextral faulting, the three segments of the DFS underwent separate deformation histories, as the main Andean deformation foci had moved eastward.

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Leon, Alejandro. "Household Vulnerability to Drought and Ecosystem Degradation in Northern Chile". Diss., The University of Arizona, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/193805.

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In the semi-arid Limari River basin, Region of Coquimbo in northern Chile sixty percent of years receive less than the long-term average annual precipitation, and dry spells tend to be multi-year. Below-normal precipitation is not always associated with ENSO cycles, but shows a high correlation to El Nino 3 region sea surface temperature.Since early during the colonial period, land in Coquimbo was utilized as a source of minerals, meat, wheat, and timber for smelters. These extractive productive processes caused the destruction of most of the natural vegetation. Impacts of past use have persisted until today and the region is still affected by intense degradation. Land ownership was originally held in haciendas and communes. Analysis of Landsat satellite imagery shows that vegetation response increases marginally during rainy years in both land tenure regimes. Most of the increase is explained by the planting of rainfed wheat and the response of less palatable native species such as Gutierrezia spp. Hence, the capacity of natural vegetation to respond to above normal precipitation is limited on both private and communal lands.Twenty five percent of the land belongs to agricultural communes, and families in these communes are considered to be poor or indigent. Three agricultural communes were surveyed, and a vulnerability index was constructed based on the community right-holders' responses. Findings show that access to productive resources (i.e., land, water, technology, credit) is a key determinant of differential vulnerability. Vulnerability is defined here as the capacity of an individual or a community to adapt (or cope, or respond) to drought. Differences in access within communities are caused by the inequitable distribution of land by the communes' boards of directors in the recent past. Access to agricultural credit is limited because families do not have collateral. Vulnerability is also conditioned by access to water, greenhouses, irrigation technology, chemicals, and improved seed. The most vulnerable families depend on off-farm employment provided by private agriculture. Governmental responses are reactive based on emergency relief rather than proactive: there is no drought long-term planning, nor consideration of differential levels of vulnerability levels among different segments of the population.

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Eisenberg, Amy. "Aymara perspectives: Ethnoecological studies in Andean communities of northern Chile". Diss., The University of Arizona, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280169.

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This dissertation presents participatory ethnographic research, which was conducted with the Aymara Indians of the northern Chilean Andes, from November 1998 through January 1999, in an attempt to understand Aymara perspectives of recent development that has taken place within their ancestral homeland. A study design was developed that would engage Aymara people directly in the assessment of their cultural and natural resources along an altitudinal gradient from the coastal city of Arica to the Altiplano, the high plateau at Lago Chungara. This interdisciplinary study in Arid Lands Resource Sciences draws upon the fields of ethnoecology, American Indian studies, applied cultural anthropology, botany, agriculture, history, physical and cultural geography, and social and environmental impact assessment. Ethnographic interviews with Aymara people were conducted in sixteen Aymara villages along an attitudinal transect from sea level to 4600 meters. A systematic social and environmental impact assessment was executed along International Chilean Highway 11, which connects Arica, Chile with the highlands of Bolivia. For Andean people, economic, spiritual and social life, are inextricably tied to land and water. The Chilean Aymara comprise a small, geographically isolated minority of Tarapaca, the northern border region, who are struggling to maintain their sustainable and traditional systems of irrigation waters distribution, agriculture and pastoralism in one of the most arid regions of the world, the Atacama Desert. Ethnoecological dimensions of the conflict between rapid economic growth and a sensitive cultural and natural resource base are explored through participatory research methods. The recent paving of Chilean Highway 11, the diversion of Altiplano waters of the Rio Lauca to the arid coast for hydroelectricity and irrigation, and Chilean national park policies regarding Aymara communities, their natural resources and cultural properties within Parque Nacional Lauca, the International Biosphere Reserve, are examined from the perspectives of the Aymara people. The potentiality of indigenous resource management of this protected area is discussed within the context of human-land reciprocal relations. The findings of this study, based on Aymara Indian perspectives, are designed to aid in understanding and appreciating the cosmological vision, and the needs of Andean communities in the poorest province of Chile. The Aymara showed great interest in having their perspectives and cultural concerns expressed and incorporated into historic and cultural preservation legislation.

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Uribe, Mauricio y Carolina Aguero. "Alfarería, textiles y la integración del Norte Grande de Chile a Tiwanaku". Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/113368.

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Ceramics, Textiles and the Tiwanaku Integration of Chile's "Norte Grande"In this paper we explore Tiwanaku's iconography of power and its role in integrating south-central Andean frontier areas such as the Azapa Valley and oasis of San Pedro de Atacama, in northern Chile. It is presumed that Tiwanaku's expansive processes, like the powers that maintained its central hierarchy and the strategies that integrated peripheral and ultra-peripheral areas with the center, were ideological and political. This ideological and political nature was expressed materially in the stone sculptures of Tiwanaku, and widely distributed in portable art objects that generated and integrated Tiwanaku's interaction sphere. This idea motivates a reexamination of collections from the nuclear and peripheral areas, including the extreme south of Peru, south-central Bolivia, and northern Chile. Focusing on Chile's Azapa Valley, and San Pedro de Atacama, the authors seek to determine from iconography and artifacts the degree of integration between center and periphery, in hegemonic and territorial terms.
En este trabajo se explora la iconografía del poder en Tiwanaku y su rol en la integración de zonas de frontera del área centro-sur andina, como lo son el valle de Azapa y San Pedro de Atacama, en el norte de Chile. Se asume que en el proceso expansivo de Tiwanaku, las sanciones que apoyaron la jerarquía central y las estrategias empleadas para integrar las zonas periféricas y ultraperiféricas al centro fueron de naturaleza ideológica y política, lo que se manifestaría materialmente en la iconografía que reproduce las imágenes de la litoescultura del lago, y que se distribuyó en objetos portátiles que integraron o generaron su esfera de interacción. Esta idea motivó la revisión de colecciones arqueológicas de las zonas nucleares y marginales de la esfera de influencia tiwanaku, comprendidas entre el extremo sur del Perú, centro-sur de Bolivia y norte de Chile. Aquí, en particular, los autores se referirán a los textiles y a la alfarería del valle de Azapa y de San Pedro de Atacama para, a través de las relaciones iconográficas y artefactuales, intentar determinar el grado de integración centro-periferia, ya sea en términos hegemónicos o territoriales.

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Libros sobre el tema "Northem Chile"

Western, Health and Social Services Board Northern Ireland CHS Information Unit. Child health statistics: Northern Ireland Child Health System. Londonderry: CHS Information Unit, WHSSB, 1991.

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Child of the northern spring. Naperville, Ill: Sourcebooks Landmark, 2010.

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Woolley, Persia. Child of the northern spring. New York: Pocket Books, 1988.

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McLay, Linda. Child abuse in Northern Ontario. [s.l: s.n.], 1986.

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Woolley, Persia. Child of the northern spring. New York: Poseidon Press, 1987.

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Child of the northern spring. New York: Poseidon Press, 1987.

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Consortium, Ontario Northern Ontario Perinatal and Child Health Survey. Nutrition in Norther Ontario: A report from the Northern Ontario Perinatal and Child Health Survey Consortium. Sudbury, Ont: Sudbury and District Health Unit, 2003.

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International Institute of Islamic Thought, ed. Child immunisation: Muslim reactions in northern Nigeria. Kano: The International Institute of Islamic Thought, 2006.

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Britain, Great. The Child Support (Northern Ireland) Order 1991. Belfast: HMSO, 1991.

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Ontario. Northern Ontario Perinatal and Child Health Survey Consortium. Determinants of child health in Northern Ontario: A report from the Northern Ontario Perinatal and Child Health Survey Consortium. Sudbury, Ont: Sudbury and District Health Unit, 2003.

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Capítulos de libros sobre el tema "Northem Chile"

Vila, T. "Salar Deposits in Northern Chile". En Stratabound Ore Deposits in the Andes, 703–20. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-88282-1_56.

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Sielfeld, Walter, Ronny Peredo, Rosa Fuentes, Vinko Malinarich y Flavio Olivares. "Coastal Wetlands of Northern Chile". En The Ecology and Natural History of Chilean Saltmarshes, 105–67. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-63877-5_5.

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Rivera, Mario A. "The Archaeology of Northern Chile". En The Handbook of South American Archaeology, 963–77. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-74907-5_48.

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Tallon, Rachel y Brad Watson. "Child Sponsorship as Development Education in the Northern Classroom". En Child Sponsorship, 297–316. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137309600_14.

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Espinoza, S. "The Atacama-Coquimbo Ferriferous Belt, Northern Chile". En Stratabound Ore Deposits in the Andes, 353–64. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-88282-1_26.

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Miller, Barbara D. "Female Infanticide and Child Neglect in Rural North India". En Child Survival, 95–112. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3393-4_5.

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Ayala, Patricia y Fernanda Kalazich. "Museum of San Pedro De Atacama, Northern Chile". En Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology, 7544–59. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30018-0_3416.

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Guerra, C. G. y G. K. Portflitt. "El Niño Effects on Pinnipeds in Northern Chile". En Ecological Studies, 47–54. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76398-4_5.

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Ayala, Patricia y Fernanda Kalazich. "Museum of San Pedro De Atacama, Northern Chile". En Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology, 1–16. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51726-1_3416-1.

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Barton, Sara A., Nelida Castro Williams, Ita Barja y Federico Murillo. "Nutritional Characteristics of the Aymara of Northern Chile". En Studies in Human Biology, 63–74. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2141-2_6.

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Actas de conferencias sobre el tema "Northem Chile"

Allmendinger, Richard W. y Gabriel González. "PERMANENT FOREARC STRAIN IN NORTHERN CHILE". En GSA Annual Meeting in Seattle, Washington, USA - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017am-301436.

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Caqueo-Urízar, Alejandra, Jerome Flores, Matías Irarrázaval, Ninoska Loo, Jackenline Páez y Gerlardy Sepúlveda. "PERCEIVED DISCRIMINATION IN MIGRANT SCHOOLCHILDREN IN NORTHERN CHILE". En 15th International Conference on Education and New Learning Technologies. IATED, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/edulearn.2023.0025.

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Scheinost, Alexander, Felipe Aguilera y Bruno Scaillet. "Chillahuita: a torta-type dome in northern Chile". En Goldschmidt2023. France: European Association of Geochemistry, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.7185/gold2023.15934.

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Sarazin, Marc S. "Eso-Vlt Instrumentation For Site Evluation In Northern Chile". En 1986 Astronomy Conferences, editado por Lawrence D. Barr. SPIE, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.963520.

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Tapia, Joseline, Jorge Valdes y Paris Lavin. "Arsenic distribution in anthropogenically impacted soils of northern Chile". En Goldschmidt2022. France: European Association of Geochemistry, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46427/gold2022.12398.

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Drop, Stephen, Brennan van Alderwerelt, David W. Peate y Ingrid Ukstins. "PETROLOGY & GEOCHEMISTRY OF THE EL NEGRILLAR VOLCANIC FIELD, NORTHERN CHILE". En Joint 53rd Annual South-Central/53rd North-Central/71st Rocky Mtn GSA Section Meeting - 2019. Geological Society of America, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2019sc-327370.

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Izarra, Carlos, Jean Legault y Cristiano Fontura. "ZTEM airborne tipper AFMAG results over the Copaquire Porphyry, northern Chile". En 12th International Congress of the Brazilian Geophysical Society & EXPOGEF, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 15-18 August 2011. Society of Exploration Geophysicists and Brazilian Geophysical Society, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/sbgf2011-237.

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Mcleod, Jennifer R., Wendy A. Bohrson y Gerhard Worner. "QUANTIFYING MAGMA RECHARGE AT PARINACOTA VOLCANO, NORTHERN CHILE (52 KA - RECENT)". En 115th Annual GSA Cordilleran Section Meeting - 2019. Geological Society of America, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2019cd-329820.

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Allmon, Warren y Roger W. Portell. "A TURRITELLINE GASTROPOD-DOMINATED LIMESTONE FROM THE PLIOCENE OF NORTHERN CHILE". En GSA Annual Meeting in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018am-319049.

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Starke, Allan, José M. Cardemil, Rodrigo Escobar y Sergio Colle. "Assessing the performance of hybrid CSP+PV plants in northern Chile". En SOLARPACES 2015: International Conference on Concentrating Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems. Author(s), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4949230.

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Informes sobre el tema "Northem Chile"

Mauricio Seguel, Mauricio Seguel. Studying South American fur seals in northern Patagonia, Chile. Experiment, agosto de 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18258/3180.

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Plourde, A. P. y J. F. Cassidy. Mapping tectonic stress at subduction zones with earthquake focal mechanisms: application to Cascadia, Japan, Nankai, Mexico, and northern Chile. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/330943.

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Earthquake focal mechanisms have contributed substantially to our understanding of modern tectonic stress regimes, perhaps more than any other data source. Studies generally group focal mechanisms by epicentral location to examine variations in stress across a region. However, stress variations with depth have rarely been considered, either due to data limitations or because they were believed to be negligible. This study presents 3D grids of tectonic stress tensors using existing focal mechanism catalogs from several subduction zones, including Cascadia, Japan, Nankai, Mexico, and northern Chile. We bin data into 50 x 50 x 10 km cells (north, east, vertical), with 50% overlap in all three directions. This resulted in 181380 stress inversions, with 90% of these in Japan (including Nankai). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first examination of stress changes with depth in several of these regions. The resulting maps and cross-sections of stress can help distinguish locked and creeping segments of the plate interface. Similarly, by dividing the focal mechanism catalog in northern Japan into those before and those &gt;6 months after the 2011 Mw 9.1 Tohoku-Oki earthquake, we are able to produce detailed 3D maps of stress rotation, which is close to 90° near the areas of highest slip. These results could inform geodynamic rupture models of future megathrust earthquakes in order to more accurately estimate slip, shaking, and seismic hazard. Southern Cascadia and Nankai appear to have sharp stress discontinuities at ~20 km depth, and northern Cascadia may have a similar discontinuity at ~30 km depth. These stress boundaries may relate to rheological discontinuities in the forearc, and may help us unravel how forearc composition influences subduction zone behaviour and seismic hazard.

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Basani, Marcello, Raúl Muñoz Castillo, Giulia Carscasci y Jihoon Lee. Piloting Drought Management Participatory Modeling-Based Approaches in Chile. Inter-American Development Bank, enero de 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0005500.

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Chile's unique geography and climatic zones, including the arid Atacama desert in the north and the cold, humid Patagonian zone in the south, represents a challenges for water resource management. Droughts, and particularly mega-droughts, have become more frequent and intense, affecting not only the north but also central regions like the Maipo basin basin, located in the Metropolitan Region. To address these issues, this project aims to develop a Drought Management Plan (DMP) for the Maipo basin, and to support analysis of drought conditions, including characterization of spatial coverage, intensity, and duration, a Drought Management module has been implemented in WaterALLOC, combining the Hydro-BID and MODSIM modeling systems. This case study focuses on the Maipo river basin in Chile, using the Drought Management module in WaterALLOC to simulate response stages for mitigating drought impacts. The study highlights the importance of integrated tools and modeling systems for enhanced water resources planning and decision-making in drought-prone regions. Finally, a capacity training program aimed at strengthening the technical capacities of local stakeholders in water resources management was implemented.

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Huntzinger, Hervé y Rémy Prud'homme. Decentralization and Development of Cities in Chile: The Case of Valparaiso. Inter-American Development Bank, noviembre de 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0009951.

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Situated at one of the far-end of the world, as it may be viewed from the Triad countries (Northern America, Western Europe and Japan) Chile performs really well in the world of globalization in sharp contrast with all its neighbors. At first glance this success story may appear as the first Chilean paradox: the highly centralized political and administrative system does not seem to have hampered the economic development although it is generally considered that decentralization is an advisable way to enhance economic performance. In that context one could expect Chilean cities to be success stories as well, which is not the case at least for the second largest city: Valparaiso. That is the second Chilean paradox. This paper tries to consider these two entwined paradoxes and to suggest that a better and more decentralized framework could contribute to produce stronger municipalities and stronger cities without hampering the Chilean macroeconomic success story.

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Research Institute (IFPRI), International Food Policy. Women’s empowerment and child nutrition in polygynous households of Northern Ghana. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/p15738coll2.133143.

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Edwards, Eric, Oscar Cristi, Gonzalo Edwards y Gary Libecap. An Illiquid Market in the Desert: Estimating the Cost of Water Trade Restrictions in Northern Chile. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, enero de 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w21869.

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Browne, James, Robert Joyce y Andrew Hood. Child and working-age poverty in Northern Ireland from 2010 to 2020. Institute for Fiscal Studies, mayo de 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1920/re.ifs.2013.0078.

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Hood, Andrew, Robert Joyce y James Browne. Child and working-age poverty in Northern Ireland over the next decade: an update. Institute for Fiscal Studies, enero de 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1920/bn.ifs.2014.00144.

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Browne, James, Robert Joyce y Andrew Hood. Child and working-age poverty in Northern Ireland over the next decade: an update. IFS, noviembre de 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1920/bn.ifs.2014.00154.

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Webster, Jayne, Justine Landegger, Jane Bruce, Dickson Malund, Tracey Chantler, Edward Kumakech, Laura Schmucker et al. Impacts Of IRC's Fifth Child Community Engagement Strategy To Increase Immunisation In Northern Uganda. International Initiative for Impact Evaluation (3ie), febrero de 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23846/tw10.1018-uganda-gfr.

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