Tesis sobre el tema "Normes – Pays de l'Union européenne"
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Debove, Frédéric. "Le renouvellement des normes répressives françaises par le droit européen". Paris 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA020089.
Texto completoThe power to issue criminal and quasi criminal norms represents one of the principal prerogatives of the sovereign state. One would expect such a power to be impervious to outside influence. However, european law can and does modify our system of criminal and quasi criminal law. The requirements derive in the first place from the convention for the protection of humain rights and fundamental freedoms, but our policy in the field is also dependant on the europe of the communities, as moulded by the maastricht treaty. Following the example of the human rights community, the economic community of europe also issues rules which represent limitations on the freedom to create and restrain national criminal and quasi criminalnorms. Now, criminal norms become subordinate to european regulation. The extent of this amendment can usefully be assessed by reference to the impact of european law on the ofence and the penalty. Such is the aim of this study
Valls, Julien. "Cours constitutionnelles et normes législatives financières : les expériences espagnole et française". Toulouse 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU10041.
Texto completoThis comparative law study aims at situating the numerous decisions taken by the French Conseil constitutionnel about financial law regarding international standards. The Spanish Tribunal Constitucional is an accurate counterpart for such a comparison, as its wide competence makes it a very significant example of european constitutional court
Musso, Patricia. "IFRS et protection des investisseurs". Paris 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA010324.
Texto completoDuquenne, André. "La codification en droit communautaire". Toulouse 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOU10090.
Texto completoReflection on the origin, the usefulness, the scope and the value of codification applied to various rules composing Community law order. Resuming national codification principles, the codification applied to Community law appears to have specific characters, proceeding in greater part from the originality of Community law. The work is also concerned with technical aspects of codification, the various evolution stages and technical and institutional difficulties it has involved. From now on, the normative production is bound to efficiency and quality conditions
Mielke, Claudia. "Situation de l'homéopathie en Europe en vue de 1992". Paris 5, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA05P119.
Texto completoDarrot, Catherine. "Les paysans polonais à l’épreuve de la politique agricole commune européenne : une analyse multi-disciplinaire d’un référentiel professionnel pour un dialogue de normes". Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2008. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00452538.
Texto completoCorre, Delphine. "Recherches sur les bases juridiques en droit communautaire". Bordeaux 4, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR40021.
Texto completoMaubernard, Christophe. "Les normes jurisprudentielles de la Cour de justice des Communautés européennes : contribution à l'étude du pouvoir judiciaire communautaire". Montpellier 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON10010.
Texto completoThe Court shall ensure that in the interpretation and application of the treaties the law is observed (article 220 CE). Since the legal order has specific characteristics and since the role of the Community judge is very broadly defined, the latter has always had to use jurisprudential rules. .
Adrianantenaina, Paul. "Régulation normative des médicaments de haute technologie/biotechnologie dans la Communauté européenne (1987-2000)". Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR2P034.
Texto completoLe, Moual Sylvie. "Assurance qualité des dispositifs médicaux". Paris 5, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA05P248.
Texto completoSabete, Ghobrial Wagdi. "De l'obligation de la reconnaissance constitutionnelle des droits fondamentaux : à la recherche d'un fondement de l'obligation". Bordeaux 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR1D041.
Texto completoThis study can be resumed in one principal idea: the constituent power is obligated to acknowledge fundamental rights. This obligation represents a limit to the will of the revisionary power which remains subordinate to the constituent instrument. The foundations of such an obligation are to be found. Firstly, in the notion of the constitutional public order which explains the existence of a hard core in every European constitution at the present time and which consequently establishes a material hierarchy within the constitutional bloc. Secondly, the obligation in question is founded on the fundamental norm "pacta sunta servanda" which justifies the submission of the internal juridical order to the international order, especially in the field of human rights. Thirdly, the obligation of an acknowledgement of fundamental rights is also based on the primacy of the European order aver the internal order which implies, in actual fact, a compatibility between the acknowledgement of fundamental rights on a constitutional level and the obligations resulting from European engagements
Mascret, Caroline. "Le médicament d'automédication, objet de droit communautaire". Lille 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LIL2P001.
Texto completoLabayle, Simon. "Les valeurs de l'Union européenne". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM1046.
Texto completoThe European Union is, according to Article 2 TEU, "founded" on "values" precisely identified. The legal affirmation of this fundamental dimension is systematically claimed. It refers to a research of essentiality suggesting that the Union voluntarily gives a central place to its values, which confirms the analysis of the main stages of its history. This choice is expressed in various provisions of the founding treaties. These values carry a decisive influence on fundamental issues such as the definition of the objectivesof the Union (Article 3 TEU), the imposition of any sanctions against member states that threaten their integrity (Article 7 TEU), the orientation of the relationships it forges with its neighbours (Article 8 TEU), and the terms of the possible accession of a state outside the European Union (Article 49 TEU). Beyond the symbolic, legal and political scope of these themes, the values determine the specific identity of the European Union. Thus, it is appropriate to question the concrete translation of the founding dimension of the values in the integration project and, therefore, to test the strength of community beliefs. The aim of the research is to determine whether a Union based on values can withstand the rigour of scientific analysis as well as the pressure of events. In order to demonstrate the consubstantial nature and the irreversibility of the link shared by the European Union and its beliefs, it is crucial to highlight the structural and functional vocation of the values for the Union. Lastly, their existential scope is yet to be assessed as this will depend from the level of their protection, whether political, administrative or judicial
Joachim, Claire. "Le partage des compétences en matière de protection de la qualité des eaux douces au Canada et dans l'Union européenne". Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOU10059/document.
Texto completoHow living together in diversity? Canada and European Union are two legal systems presenting this type of question : the legal diversity management. The answer to this question is composed of the alignment of the one and the multiple. In Europe, it is achieved in the allocation of powers between european and national legal orders ; in Canada, between federal and provincial legal orders. Fresh waters quality protection in Canada and EU has been chosen in order to reveal the allocation of powers issues from a global perspective. The aim of this research is to go beyond an analysis on how are legal systems supposed to work, to emphasize their real way of functioning. The combination of the allocation of powers rules allows this approach in water quality protection. This concrete example reveals that there are similarities between canadian and european allocation of powers. The balance of these distributions of powers has been eroded, because of powers centralization caused by an effectiveness principle in this field
Palle, Angélique. "L'espace énergétique européen : quelle(s) intégration(s) régionale(s)? : réseaux, normes, marchés, politiques, des intégrations à plusieurs échelles?" Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01H018.
Texto completoThis research project analyses the European dynamics of integration taking place in the energy domain. It relies on various tools used by geography (such as scale analysis, study of the interaction between players, analytical and synthetic cartography, etc.) and uses the conceptual framework of the studies on regional integration. One of the purposes of this work is to identify whether these dynamics can be considered as a regionalisation of exchanges, a political regionalism or a more complete regional integration. The particularities of the energy sector lead to postulate a layered structure of this integration dynamic. These layers (technical, regulatory, commercial, political …) would characterise the buildingprocess of an « energy region », a notion that this work tries to define. The European energy scene is complex and its balance is currently changing. We propose in thiswork a mapping of its stakeholders interaction evolution and of their impacts : sovereignty transfers,evolutions of governance, rivalries between actors of different nature and interests, etc.We lastly approach these dynamics by asking at which scale they take place. If the European Unionis an obvious scale of reference, we nevertheless suppose that integration happens at a lower level which would be infra European but supra national, bringing together groups of neighbouring countries. The relation between these two levels of integration – either complementarity or opposition – is therefore studied. Through these different elements of analysis, this work proposes a reflexion on the possible existence or construction of a spatial model for the European integration dynamics in the energy sector.Have they been theorised, as the monetary integration has been ? And if yes on which basis ? We alsotry to assess their impact and the coherence of the different goals the EU has set for them, particularly regarding the issue of security of supply
Môme, Pierre-Félix. "Les comptes consolidés en Europe : émergence du modèle européen de la consolidation : problèmatique et mise en oeuvre dans le cadre de l'harmonisation internationale". Nice, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NICE0032.
Texto completoThe european legislator has harmonised the european accouting law but the modelisation actually used is partially in adequation with the objectifs of the law. The actual modelisation is unified in its principles but ununified in its implemetation. It is new because it anticipates the international accounting standards. The implementation of the actual modelisation is partially inefficient or at least unusefull to answer to the desires of the differents users of consolidated statements. It may useful to ameliorate the actual modelisation or even to propose a new one or at least to determine the qualities that an european modelisation of consolidation would have, looking to the fact that this modelisation would have to be efficient for the professionnels and in adequation with the generally accouting principles
Bru, Laurie. "Les enjeux de la normalisation européenne des objets connectés de santé". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU10038.
Texto completoConnected objects in health are emerging technologies. They are subject to many innovations and may incorporate blockchains, High Performance Computing, artificial intelligence and nanotechnologies. These objects are multiplying at a rapid rate within the internal market in the European Union and are creating new challenges, particularly with regard to the protection of personal data, public health considerations, cybersecurity and the competitivity of European companies in a globalized world. These objects need a framework. European standardization is a particularly appropriate regulatory tool to answer all these concerns. It overcomes the drawbacks of hard law, in particular because of its flexibility and ability to adapt to the evolution of the state of the art and the digitization of economy. European standardization organizations will therefore have to develop and update standards for the technologies on which connected objects in health are based. European institutions must support this standardization to ensure it is commensurate with the stakes involved
Simoulin, Vincent. "L'européanisation du Norden : histoire de la réarticulation institutionnelle d'une coopération régionale, 1980-1996". Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997IEPP0028.
Texto completoThis PhD analyzes the reform endured by Nordic cooperation from 1980 to 1996. The first part presents this cooperation which unites five States (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden) and three autonomous territories (Feroe islands, Greenland, Aland islands) since 1952. It recounts the history of its roots and describes the main features of the member countries. The major thesis is that there is a specific nordic cooperative model, which rests on the upkeep of a multiplicity of loose ties. The second part analyzes the organizational working of this cooperation in 1980. According to the strategic analysis that Michel Crozier and Erhard Friedberg elaborated, it describes the actors, their strategies, the systems that they build. This part explains the reasons for which the nordic actors decided to reform a then purely intra-nordic cooperation which they considered to be out of breath. The third part tells the history of the europeanization (1980-1996) of this cooperation. It demonstrates the way the nordic actors succeeded in giving it a new perspective with the help of an exceptional historical event, the fight of the Baltic republics for their independence, and thanks to the relevance of their cooperative model. This window gave them the opportunity to enact them as a "bridge" between the Europen Union and the Baltic republics and the northwestern part of Russia. The fourth part draw some theoretical conclusions from this exemplary restructuring. It first suggests an actor's typology and argues that the combination of these actors in a reforming system should be necessary in order so that a reform succeeds. It then develops a model which describes the reform as a permeation phenomenon of which the success depends on the existence and on the strength of this reforming system, on the abilities of the reforming system and on the effects of time
D'Ambrosio, Luca. "La "communautarisation" de la norme d'incrimination nationale". Paris 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA010303.
Texto completoSpinhirny, Hélène. "Les tests de sélection des matériaux utilisés pour le transport, le stockage et le traitement des eaux destinées à la consommation humaine en France et dans différents pays de la CEE". Paris 5, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA05P195.
Texto completoDupin, Coralie. "Les fusions transfrontalières de sociétés de capitaux dans l'Union européenne : aspects de droit social". Thesis, Paris 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA020006.
Texto completoCross-border mergers of incorporated companies do not only interest Company Law but also comprise important aspects of Labour & Employment Law. If the European Directive dated 26 October 2005 facilitates these transactions, the reference made to national legislation raises many difficulties in the absence of harmonized treatment of the social consequences of transactions. The questions raised by the implementation of workers' participation in management bodies of the company resulting from the transaction are an illustration. Other issues include the fate of employees’ representative bodies of existing staff within the merging companies, collective norms and employment contracts, remain unresolved. To these and others, this study attempts to provide answers. The consequences of the cross-border transactions require that answers be given to the unresolved issues
Waltuch, Jonathan. "La réglementation des services à l’épreuve des normes de libéralisation européennes et multilatérales : l’impact du droit de l’Union européenne et du droit de l’Organisation mondiale du commerce sur la réglementation des services en Europe". Strasbourg, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010STRA4031.
Texto completoThe regulation of services has come under increased pressure in light of the liberalization efforts undertaken by the EU and the WTO. This research aims at describing the interactions between services regulation and the liberalization constraints deriving from EU law and from the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS). It describes how the application of the EU rules on free movement and on competition to national services regulation have led to the creation of a European regulatory model in the field of services, which strives for a reconciliation of economic rationality with the need to protect non market values. It further examines to what extent this European regulatory model is being challenged by WTO rules on services. In order to answer this question, it carries out an analysis of the legal impact of the GATS on services regulation in Europe, and examines the positions adopted by the EU within the WTO in order to maintain the specificity of it's regulatory model
Déal, Emilie. "La garantie juridictionnelle des droits fondamentaux communautaires". Aix-Marseille 3, 2006. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00271970.
Texto completoThe judicial guarantee of fundamental rights is based on ambiguity: the Community of law is not correctly apprehended. Specially, fundamental rights do not seem to be an attribute of it. Consequently, the mission of the judge is badly understood: if the recognition of the general principles of Community law were legitimate, the judge did not have any obligation to identify fundamental rights. Nevertheless, it has acquired the legitimacy to do so. Concerned about respecting its mission even enriched, it cannot take the place of EU “constitutive power” to compensate for its shortcomings. However the Court was not at fault to balance the guarantee of fundamental rights. On the one hand, it has adopted a constructive behaviour, as our statistical trends confirm. On the other hand, the Court was able to suggest constructive perspectives, also contained in the postponed European Constitution treaty project. For the time being, some evolutions remain possible
Muguet, Charlotte. "L'environnement du conditionnement des spécialités pharmaceutiques". Paris 5, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA05P004.
Texto completoBaalbaki, Shibly Fatima. "Three essays on the effects of the simultaneous adoption of IFRS (International Financial Reporting Standards) and MAD (Market Abuse Directive) in Europe". Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENG011.
Texto completoWhile prior research on mandatory IFRS adoption fails to provide evidence of improvement in the quality of financial reporting (increased transparency and/or comparability), it provides almost unanimous evidence of beneficial capital-market impacts. Within the European Union (EU), mandatory IFRS adoption coincides with the adoption of the Market Abuse Directive (MAD). While the mandatory adoption of IFRS took place in 2005, MAD was passed between 2004 and 2007 depending on the EU country under consideration. Furthermore, both IFRS and MAD aim towards increased transparency, either by improving the quality of financial reporting (IFRS) or by prohibiting selective disclosures to enhance common information available to all market participants (MAD). Our first essay aims to disentangle the respective market impacts of MAD adoption and IFRS adoption in order to determine the specific effect of each regulation. Our evidence suggests that a significant part of the capital market effects usually attributed to IFRS comes, at least to some extent, from the contemporaneous adoption of the Market Abuse Directive. Our second essay focuses on the role of information environment. Investigating how information environment affects the market impacts of both MAD adoption and IFRS adoption is crucial to determine whether all firms benefit identically from these regulations. Using firm size and analyst following as proxies capturing firms' information environment, we provide evidence showing that small firms and firms with weak analyst following are those that benefit the most from the introduction of the IFRS mandate. In contrast, large firms and firms with high analyst coverage benefit the most from MAD adoption. Our third essay analyzes the role of enforcement. We find that the effectiveness of both IFRS and MAD is hampered by different enforcement levels across firms and countries. Moreover, the observed capital-market outcomes on one regulation differ if the effects of both regulations are not clearly dissociated. Thus, we caution researchers not to attribute capital-market outcomes primarily or solely to one regulation without taking into account the concomitant adoption of the other one
Geffrault, Marion. "La recherche d'un équilibre entre promotion des valeurs et du libre-échange dans l'action extérieure de l'Union européenne en Asie-Pacifique". Thesis, Rennes 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020REN1G003.
Texto completoThe renewal and deepening of relations between the EU and Asia-Pacific, the latter being at the center of this century’s geopolitics and geoeconomics, represent challenges and opportunities for the European organization. The EU aims to establish itself as a global actor with a foreign policy grounded on the respect and promotion of fundamental values shaping its external action doctrine : democratic governance, international security, and sustainable development. Because they support political conditionality provisions, cooperation agreements appear as the first kind of instrument used by the EU to promote its values in Asia-Pacific. Through their programming, the instruments funding the Union’s cooperation are tailored in order to support and complement the cooperation agreements, albeit in a perfectible way. The free-trade agreements concluded by the EU in Asia-Pacific also play their part in promoting noncommercial values. First, they are integrated into a “double-agreement system”, in which non-respect of values promoted into cooperation agreements can lead to free-trade agreements being suspended or denounced. Second, they contain “trade and sustainable development” chapters, in which the EU aims at defending work and environmental standards. These chapters are however perfectible in their contents and effectiveness. Overall, the EU manages to bolster its role as a human rights, democracy and rule of law proponent in Asia-Pacific, as regarding sustainable development. In contrast, it struggles to assert itself as a significant security actor, in both its agreements and cooperation activities
Zinonos, Panagiotis. "Identité(s) transnationale(s) de l'Union européenne : analyse juridique pour un système de protection effective des droits". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2022. https://buadistant.univ-angers.fr/login?url=https://www.stradalex.eu/fr/se_mono/toc/IDTRANSEU.
Texto completoThe thesis normatively assesses the relationship between the legal orders of the Member States and the one of the European Union. That relationship is assessed in the light of a main objective, the effective protection of rights, and of the transnational identity(ies) of the Union. National and European case-law together with theoretical analyses delineate the conditions of a systematized protection. By discussing the identity of the system, the thesis rejects any inherent rivalry between the national and the Union legal orders. Such a rejection stems, first, from moving from the relationship among legal orders towards its function for the actors of the system, and second, from the analysis of the functioning of that system with regard to a process of concretization of the transnational principle of loyalty. The thesis discusses the systematization of the protection of rights within the Union before introducing specific techniques of protection. From both a theoretical and a procedural standpoint the legal identity of the Union appears to be bifold: formal – related to the perpetuation of the system – and substantive – related to its fundamental values
Bru, Laurie. "Les enjeux de la normalisation européenne des objets connectés de santé". Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU10038.
Texto completoConnected objects in health are emerging technologies. They are subject to many innovations and may incorporate blockchains, High Performance Computing, artificial intelligence and nanotechnologies. These objects are multiplying at a rapid rate within the internal market in the European Union and are creating new challenges, particularly with regard to the protection of personal data, public health considerations, cybersecurity and the competitivity of European companies in a globalized world. These objects need a framework. European standardization is a particularly appropriate regulatory tool to answer all these concerns. It overcomes the drawbacks of hard law, in particular because of its flexibility and ability to adapt to the evolution of the state of the art and the digitization of economy. European standardization organizations will therefore have to develop and update standards for the technologies on which connected objects in health are based. European institutions must support this standardization to ensure it is commensurate with the stakes involved
Ivankevych, Yuliya. "L'influence des normes internationales et des européens sur la formation du nouveau Code du travail ukrainien : critique et perspective". Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU10005/document.
Texto completoDuring my research, several questions were reflected on concerning the influence of international and European standards on the formation of the new Ukrainian labor legislation, the globalization and harmonization of labor law and its consequences on the transformation of the economy. At the same time, we had some answers concerning the implementation of social European model by Ukraine and we witnessed the reform of the labor law in European countries. Ukraine is implementing the European directives concerning non-discrimination, collective redundancies and the principles of the freedom on her own legislation. That is why, based on international experience and global employment trends, we propose to reform Ukrainian legislation that will protect the interests of employees and employers and render the labor market more flexible
Bernard, Elsa F. M. "La spécificité du standard juridique en droit communautaire". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210344.
Texto completoParmi ces notions « floues », certaines, à la fois conceptuelles et fonctionnelles, sont intentionnellement indéterminées parce qu’elles permettent une mesure des comportements et des situations en termes de normalité et nécessitent, pour leur application aux cas d’espèce, des références exogènes au droit. C’est le cas, par exemple, des notions de « bon père de famille », de « bonnes mœurs », de « délai raisonnable », d’« abus de droit », de « confiance légitime », ou encore d’ « ordre public ».
Ce type particulier de notion indéterminée constitue un standard.
La question se pose de savoir si, et dans quelle mesure, les standards présentent des particularités dans l’ordre juridique de l’Union européenne, du point de vue de leur substance, c’est à dire de leur contenu, et du point de vue de leur fonction.
Il apparaît, d’abord, que la spécificité substantielle du standard n’est que partielle.
En effet, certains standards sont marqués par une forte coloration communautaire en ce qu’ils touchent au noyau dur de l’intégration communautaire et à la répartition des compétences au sein de cet ordre juridique (les notions de subsidiarité, de coopération loyale notamment). D’autres standards, en revanche, ont une substance proche de celle qui leur est attribuée dans les ordres juridiques nationaux ou internationaux, tout en étant adaptée à la logique de l’ordre communautaire (c’est le cas, par exemple, des notions de confiance légitime, de bonne administration, ou encore de procès équitable).
Il apparaît, ensuite, que la spécificité fonctionnelle du standard communautaire est manifeste.
Ce type de notion indéterminée joue, en effet, un rôle lié non seulement aux particularités du système juridictionnel de l’Union et à la contribution du juge à l’intégration européenne, mais aussi aux particularités structurelles de l’ordre juridique communautaire.
Doctorat en droit
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Chaour, Chérifa. "Le libre-échange dans l'agriculture : entre le mythe et la pratique : ou l'Uruguay round, de la norme libre échangiste à la réalité interventionniste". Paris 10, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA100103.
Texto completoWeber, Bernd. "The EU external energy governance and the neighbouring gas suppliers Azerbaijan and Algeria : ensuring European gas supply security at the borderline between markets and geopolitics". Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016IEPP0006.
Texto completoThe export of EU norms to regulate gas markets and transnational infrastructure has become the leitmotif of EU external energy policy in the neighbourhood. This thesis unpacks the underlying energy policy challenge of the EU, before analysing its approach to ensure energy security towards Azerbaijan and Algeria and examining the Union’s transformative influence. The major question of the research is: How and to which extent can the EU export its energy norms and policies towards both strategic neighbouring suppliers of natural gas, which represent least likely cases of EU external energy governance? The analytical framework sheds light on the limits of major rationalist and constructivist institutionalist explanations in accounting for convergence with EU energy norms and addresses them by drawing on insights from diffusion studies and the decentring framework. Relying on qualitative document and data analysis as well as extensive fieldwork and 85 interviews carried out with EU, Azerbaijani and Algerian officials as well as representatives of energy companies in Brussels, Baku, and Algiers, the research accounts for a varying degree of convergence as the result of an unstable and conflictual process. Examining energy cooperation with the EU, domestic energy sectors and major infrastructure projects within six case studies, the analysis sheds light on EU norm export from a bottom-up perspective of neighbouring public actors. The thesis broadens the scope of existing studies by factoring in geopolitical and market-based constraints and influences, which often outweigh EU coercion and depicts that EU external energy governance can only be sustainable, if it is ‘decentred’
Derrien, Arnaud. "Les juges français de la constitutionnalité, étude sur la construction d'un système contentieux : Conseil constitutionnel, Conseil d'État, Cour de cassation, trois juges pour une norme". Bordeaux 4, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR40056.
Texto completoDeleixhe, Martin. "Contribution à une théorie démocratique du contrôle des frontières: de la tension entre la souveraineté populaire et les droits de l'homme à la frontière de la communauté politique européenne". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209585.
Texto completoDoctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
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Aranjo, Christophe de. "Les juges de la loi et la garantie des droits de l'homme : étude des rapports entre cours constitutionnelles et européennes en France et en Allemagne". Paris 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA020030.
Texto completoXefteri, Stamatina. "Les directives européennes, instrument juridique des autorités administratives nationales". Thesis, Paris 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA020022.
Texto completoEuropean Union directives have always been considered as a legal instrument relied upon by individuals vis-à-vis a defaulting Member State. The right to rely on directives as well as their application are examined under the sole lens of the rights of the litigants. Contrary to this perspective, the present study aims to demonstrate that directives become a legal means of intervention in the domestic legal order, insofar as national authorities rely on and apply them in their relations with citizens and other national or European authorities. The emergence of secondary legislation has disrupted the hierarchy of norms, as well as reshaped the obligations imposed on the administrative authorities. On the basis of the primacy of European Union law and the imperative of efficiency in all Member States, the legality of national rules requires compliance with directives. Thus, directives claim their place among the conventional parameters of legality, but they also come in conflict with the latter at times or even replace any national rule to the contrary effect. However, the directive as an instrument is not only a source of supranational law in the hands of the administration to be applied passively, but also a European standard used to serve its own purposes, as well as the objectives pursued by the European Union. In fact, the evolution of European and administrative case-law has not only led to a strengthening of the obligations of the administration, but has also amplified the forms of relying on a directive to the benefit of the administration and recognized the autonomy of the administrative authorities over the legislature as far as the implementation of directives is concerned. These elements reveal the particularly dynamic role of all the administrative authorities acting within the scope of the directives, in their transposition and implementation in the national legal orders
Jochaud, du Plessix Caroline. "La norme en Terre sainte : le système européen face à la solution de deux Etats (1973-2012)". Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013IEPP0036/document.
Texto completoIn this thesis we bring up the concept of European System in Foreign Policy (ESFP) as a pertinent tool to analyze the European Foreign Policy as it actually functions rather than as it should function. The ESFP – composed of the Member States’ foreign policies and the External action of the EU – highlights the dynamism of the European governance in foreign policy, which arises from the interactions between the agents of this system and their use of the European norms. Through the ESFP, we demonstrate that the EU’s common policy towards the two-State solution can be explained by the usages of the EU in foreign policy by France, Germany and the United-Kingdom – the EU3. These strategic usages are threefold: a functional or reflexive, a realist and a normative usage. We show that the adoption and the promotion of the two-State solution result from the way they seize upon the EU in order to cope with a difficult international context, since the Declaration of Copenhagen in 1973 to the vote at the General Assembly of the United Nations in 2012 concerning the new status of Palestine. The introduction and test of several foreign policy tools, as the position of special envoy in 1996, illustrate the functional usage of the EU. The normative and realist usages of the EU towards the Palestinians explain the adoption of constraining financial and political norms reflecting the common interests of the EU3. These same usages allow them to promote the recognition of the State of Israel on the one hand, and on the other hand, to privilege their strategic interests with Israel at the bilateral level through the expression of a political linkage at the community level
Wyn, de Pouzilhac Helena. "L'Union européenne : quel patriotisme ?" Paris 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA020042.
Texto completoCornier, Thomas. "La durabilité urbaine dans l'Union européenne". Rouen, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ROUEL018.
Texto completoSustainable urban development is a major topic for all international organizations as far as the local level. Research concerning environment in city is not a new phenomena but the interest for the environmental or sustainable city was developed in parallel of its emergence in European institutions and international summits, supposed to make cities more sustainable, in particular with European sustainable cities and towns conference and growing interest towards Agenda 21. Even if international organizations (among which first, European Union) and States haven't visible action nor proactive, they allow cities to cooperate under international cities associations. Nowadays, the major stake is to permit cities to adapt their discourse to reality and some organizations and institutes specialized in environment elaborate Sustainable city prize lists in the form of rankinks. Far from considering it is the best option because of subjective nature of these evaluations, we have to suggest alternatives which would allow institutions to know the cities best practises and the choices operated by cities to lead a sustainable development policy. Do we one or several sustainable urban development design in European Union ? Through eighteen indicators and on a sample of fifty-three cities, we strive to answer this question. We realize that there are more than ten approaches of urban sustainability in EU. Three examples of cities, like Gothenburg, Brussels and Barcelona, revealing by their characteristics, strengthen this idea of differences between discourse and action, this way being difficult to achieve, indeed often unfinished but each city has to act according to its identity, develop ambitious planning projects but with the permanent idea to follow targets of all fields linked to sustainability
Tucny, Edwige. "L'Union européenne et la conditionnalité politique". Grenoble 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003GRE21034.
Texto completoLabayle, Simon y Simon Labayle. "Les valeurs de l'Union européenne". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28087.
Texto completoL’Union européenne est, selon l’article 2 TUE, « fondée » sur des « valeurs » précisément identifiées. Le préambule de la Charte des droits fondamentaux dresse un constat similaire dans des termes quasiment identiques. Ces « valeurs » sont donc constitutionnellement indissociables de l’Union. L’affirmation juridique de cette dimension fondatrice est d’autant moins neutre qu’elle est systématiquement revendiquée. Elle renvoie à une recherche d’essentialité laissant supposer que l’Union accorde volontairement une place centrale à ses valeurs, ce que confirme l’analyse des grandes étapes de son histoire. Ce choix s’exprime concrètement dans différentes dispositions issues des traités constitutifs. Les valeurs exercent notamment une influence décisive sur des questions aussi fondamentales que celles de la définition des objectifs de l’Union (article 3 TUE), du prononcé d’éventuelles sanctions à l’encontre d’Etats membres qui menaceraient leur intégrité (article 7 TUE), de l’orientation des relations qu’elle tisse avec son voisinage (article 8 TUE), ou encore des modalités de l’éventuelle adhésion d’un Etat tiers à l’Union européenne (article 49 TUE). Au-delà de la portée symbolique, juridique et politique de ces différents thèmes, les valeurs participent en réalité à déterminer l’identité spécifique de l’Union européenne. Il convient alors de s’interroger quant à la traduction concrète de la dimension fondatrice des valeurs dans le projet d’intégration et, donc, d’éprouver la force des convictions communautaires. L’objet de la recherche vise à déterminer si la revendication d’une Union fondée sur des valeurs résiste à la rigueur de l’analyse scientifique ainsi qu’à la pression des faits. Afin de démontrer la consubstantialité et l’irréversibilité du lien que partagent l’Union européenne et ses valeurs, il est d’abord nécessaire de mettre en relief la vocation structurante et fonctionnelle des valeurs pour l’Union. Il reste ensuite à mesurer à quel point leur portée existentielle dépend de l’enjeu de leur protection, qu’elle soit politique, administrative ou juridictionnelle. Mots-clés : Valeurs, Principes, Identité, Adhésion à l’Union, Elargissements, Droit de retrait, Pluralisme, Adhésion à la CEDH, Crises, Etat de droit, Dialogue des juges.
The European Union is, according to Article 2 TEU, "founded" on "values" precisely identified. The preamble of the Charter of Fundamental Rights draws a similar conclusion in almost identical terms. These "values" are inseparable from the EU under its primary law. The legal affirmation of this fundamental dimension is systematically claimed. It refers to a research of essentiality suggesting that the Union voluntarily gives a central place to its values, which confirms the analysis of the main stages of its history. This choice is expressed in various provisions of the founding Treaties. These values carry a decisive influence on fundamental issues such as the definition of the objectives of the Union (Article 3 TEU), the imposition of any sanctions against Member States that threaten their integrity (Article 7 TEU), the orientation of the relationships it forges with its neighbours (Article 8 TEU), and the terms of the possible accession of a state outside the European Union (Article 49 TEU). Beyond the symbolic, legal and political scope of these themes, the values determine the specific identity of the European Union. Thus, it is appropriate to question the concrete translation of the founding dimension of the values in the integration project and, therefore, to test the strength of community beliefs. The aim of the research is to determine whether a Union based on values can withstand the rigour of scientific analysis as well as the pressure of events. In order to demonstrate the consubstantial nature and the irreversibility of the link shared by the European Union and its beliefs, it is crucial to highlight the structural and functional vocation of the values for the Union. Lastly, their existential scope is yet to be assessed as this will depend from the level of their protection, whether political, administrative or judicial. Keywords: Values, Principles, Identity, Accession to the European Union, Enlargement, Right to withdraw, Pluralism, Accession to the ECHR, Crisis, Rule of law, Judicial dialogue.
The European Union is, according to Article 2 TEU, "founded" on "values" precisely identified. The preamble of the Charter of Fundamental Rights draws a similar conclusion in almost identical terms. These "values" are inseparable from the EU under its primary law. The legal affirmation of this fundamental dimension is systematically claimed. It refers to a research of essentiality suggesting that the Union voluntarily gives a central place to its values, which confirms the analysis of the main stages of its history. This choice is expressed in various provisions of the founding Treaties. These values carry a decisive influence on fundamental issues such as the definition of the objectives of the Union (Article 3 TEU), the imposition of any sanctions against Member States that threaten their integrity (Article 7 TEU), the orientation of the relationships it forges with its neighbours (Article 8 TEU), and the terms of the possible accession of a state outside the European Union (Article 49 TEU). Beyond the symbolic, legal and political scope of these themes, the values determine the specific identity of the European Union. Thus, it is appropriate to question the concrete translation of the founding dimension of the values in the integration project and, therefore, to test the strength of community beliefs. The aim of the research is to determine whether a Union based on values can withstand the rigour of scientific analysis as well as the pressure of events. In order to demonstrate the consubstantial nature and the irreversibility of the link shared by the European Union and its beliefs, it is crucial to highlight the structural and functional vocation of the values for the Union. Lastly, their existential scope is yet to be assessed as this will depend from the level of their protection, whether political, administrative or judicial. Keywords: Values, Principles, Identity, Accession to the European Union, Enlargement, Right to withdraw, Pluralism, Accession to the ECHR, Crisis, Rule of law, Judicial dialogue.
Memeti-Kamberi, Lendita. "L'Etat candidat à l'Union européenne". Lille 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL20021.
Texto completoThe European Union has achieved the cycle of its fifth enlargement with the accession of Bulgaria and Rumania, on January the 1st, 2007. The Europe of Six, which became Europe of Twenty-seven, has new perspectives of enlargement to the current candidate States (A. R. Y. M. , Croatia and Turkey) as well as to the Potential Candidate States (Albania, Boasnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, montenegro and Serbia). Based on article 49 of the TEU, the last enlargement to ten Eastern and Central European Countries, as well as to Cyprus and Malta, has raised the debate about the evolution of the processes and conditions of accession to the EU. The aim of the study is to analyze the evolution of eligibility and fundamental accession conditions, as well as of the EU and Candidate State relations, trough different enlargements of the European Communities and of the European Union. A particular attention is dedicated to the pre-accession strategy, an innovation of the fifth enlargement, which aim is to obtain the largest alignment of Candidate States to the acquis communautaire, previously to the accession. The aim of the study is to demonstrate that the pre-accession strategy constitutes a reversal of the transition period, traditionally applied after the accesssion becomes effective
Farkas, Peter. "Le sport saisi par l'Union européenne". Nice, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NICE0019.
Texto completoToday the social, economic and cultural importance of sport is well known in whole Europe. The associative form is the basis of sport organizations all over the world. The importance of sport in economy is more and more significant. The interventions of European policy tend to increase in the world of sport, which is organized according to its own rules. Historically, the Council of Europe was the first institution who has shown a real interest for sport. In the European Union sport activities used to be regarded earlier initially from economic point of view. The word “sport“ doesn't appear in the principal European treaties. Recent incidents (the Bosman's effect, doping. . . ) suggest the requirement of a new approach to sport. The European institutions elaborated several programs and initiatives for the development of the sport. After the ratifications the word sport will appear in the European Constitution
Ezran-Charrière, Nadine. "L'entreprise unipersonnelle dans les pays de l'Union européenne". Paris 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA020025.
Texto completoParisi, Claudio. "L'accès à l'information dans l'Union Européenne". Lyon 3, 2004. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/out/theses/2004_out_parisi_c.pdf.
Texto completoDaups, Thierry. "L'idée de constitution européenne". Paris 10, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA100132.
Texto completoSince the second half of the 20th century, the seek for communication between the states and between the peoples of Europe (the constitution), has been in process through the development, of the "constitutional charter" established with the treaties of European community, the sum of judicial decisions of the court of justice and the constitutional practice of the community. The European constitution is in keeping, at one and the at the same time, with an unwritten conceiving of the constitution escaping from the pair state constitution and within the general pattern of a federalism without state machine, with a view of administering the European interdependences. The European community constitutional system founded on its own constitutional basis, forms a constitutional pattern having a supranational nature, distinct from the one of the federal state, from the confederation and from the international organization
Lebon, Vanessa. "Le constitutionnalisme en Europe". Nice, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NICE0030.
Texto completoThe expansion of the European Union marks the birth and the development of a European constitutionalism. The latter goes beyond the liberal vision which has been developed until nowadays. This concept has evolved and adapted itself to the sui generis form of Europe. It is thus based on a constitutional treaty and sets up the protection of the “European citizens”' rights by relying on a European judicial system. The respect of pluralism is another constituent element of European constitutionalism. However, its development is slowed down by the “precariousness” of the European Union and, more particularly, by the State members' commitment to their sovereignty and identity. The lacking of the European people and of a democratic bond slows down the evolution of European constitutionalism
Sierra, Torre Marion. "Trois essais sur la comptabilité de la dette publique". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLED002.
Texto completoThis thesis deals with the accounting of public debt from three distinct and complementary analytical perspectives. First, we study the accounting standards for retirement obligations. We develop a theoretical evaluation grid using a comparative and diachronic analysis based on the review of existing practices. Our analysis highlights that the existing pension schemes in Europe are incompatible with the individual savings model as promoted by the IPSAS 25 norm. Second, we analyze the relationship between debt accounting and the political environment, and test the hypothesis of an underestimation of debt levels around elections. Results allow us to validate our hypothesis and indicate that developing countries are most affected by this underestimation. Third, we examine the impact of the solicitation status of a sovereign rating on the rating itself and on the public debt level assigned by rating agencies. Focusing on Moody’s, Fitch, and S&P, our findings indicate that agencies favor countries soliciting their rating comparing to those who do not solicit them
Cailliau, Didier. "L'union douanière entre l'Union européenne et la Turquie et ses perspectives". Paris 10, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA100104.
Texto completoAs soon as the european community was founded, the turkish republic expressed its european will, in accordance to the westernization's policy of mustafa kemal. The aim of a customs union was already foreseen in the association agreement (1970) and in the additionnal protocol (1970) as the last stage before full membership. Since 1971, the european community and turkey, backed by financial protocols, have undertaken to take off progressively the custom barriers and to adopt a common trade policy. At the begining of 1995, the custom barriers between turkey and the community were almost removed. The decision of 6 march 1995 sets up the last stage of the customs union with, on the one hand, the barriers'removal, and on the other hand, the establishment of a common trade policy (basically the bringing into line of turkey to the european community's trade policy). The decision also foresees specific rules to certain sectors and enriches the association's institutions with in particular the customs union joint committee. Taking into account the particularily well advanced state of integration within the european union and in view of turkey's membership, the decision and the other texts adopted the same day foresee a legal harmonization to the european community law and some political, institutional, financial and sectorial cooperations. For these reasons, this decision is one of the most ambitious texts adopted by the european union with third coutries. Therefore, this text leads to some hopes. With the wining cards of turkey, a dynamism is now under way. If turkey fully plays the european card, by overcom its handicaps, and succeeds in meeting with the conditions for membership, which argument could be opposed to its full membership ?
Amiel, Olivier. "Le financement public du cinéma dans l'Union européenne". Aix-Marseille 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX32050.
Texto completoPublic financing of the cinema is a face of cultural politics that deals with the support of its cinematography for both economic and social reasons. The world domination of Hollywood gives rise to this support. In Europe, we are familiar with only one division of competences for public financing of the cinema: action from the European Union combined with that of its member states. The latter began their policies regarding public financing of the cinema at a very early date (totalitarian regimes from the beginning of the 20th Century) contrary to the European Community with the Masstricht Treaty in 1993 (birth of the European Union and widening of the Common Market’s sensitivity to include domains such as culture). Each of the two mediators have their own frame of reference composed of direct and indirect aid; the Union doubles its frame of reference with a control of state financing, notably with regard to the principle of “non discrimination”. This division of competences is an organisational model of public financing of the cinema, but it is widely contested in the name of economic liberalism, above all at an international level (Global Organisation for Business). The model’s defence is based on “cultural diversity” (freedom to support one’s cultural expressions and the obligation to help others do so too). This defence takes into consideration the model in European integration. However, Europe is often happy to only defend its cinema, by using cultural diversity as a legal pretext. The European model for public financing of the cinema must not become an imperialism, it must transcend and offer a large policy. Image is carrier of civilizing projection and transmission, its plurality must be defended. Public financing of the cinema represents an element of this defence