Tesis sobre el tema "Non-renewable resources"
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Semenenko, E. "Non-renewable mineral resources". Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/33826.
Texto completoDavidsson, Simon. "Global energy transitions : Renewable energy technology and non-renewable resources". Licentiate thesis, Uppsala universitet, Naturresurser och hållbar utveckling, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-245307.
Texto completoMason, Pamela Jill. "Sustainable income and the depletion of renewable and non-renewable resources". Thesis, University of York, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.313842.
Texto completoMorin, Chassé Rémi. "Multiple extraction strategies in markets with non-renewable resources". Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28824/28824.pdf.
Texto completoLiu, Xiaoyan. "Share ownership distribution, non-renewable resources extraction rate and pollution intensity". Thesis, Durham University, 2012. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/6954/.
Texto completoHarris, Neil David John y n/a. "Corporate Engagement With Planetary Sustainability: The Case of the Non-Renewable Resource Extractive Sector, Australia". Griffith University. Australian School of Environmental Studies, 2006. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20070109.140640.
Texto completoHarris, Neil David John. "Corporate Engagement With Planetary Sustainability: The Case of the Non-Renewable Resource Extractive Sector, Australia". Thesis, Griffith University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366179.
Texto completoThesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Australian School of Environmental Studies
Full Text
Schwerhoff, Gregor [Verfasser]. "Essays on Parental Leave, Global Disinflation and Non-Renewable Resources / Gregor Schwerhoff. Rechts- und Staatswissenschaftliche". Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1021597120/34.
Texto completoMensah-Datsa, Georgina. "Effective management of non-renewable natural resources : to what extent are appropriate institutions the key?" Thesis, University of Dundee, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.521646.
Texto completoRasisuttha, Sakkara. "An investigation of methods for reducing the use of non-renewable energy resources for housing in Thailand". Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/2297.
Texto completoUkani, Uzair. "Hotelling's Rule and Oil Prices : An Empirical Study". Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik och samhälle, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-61233.
Texto completoDet övergripande syftet med denna studie har varit att empiriskt analysera hur väl Hotellings-regel har förutspått utvecklingen av oljepriset under de senaste hundra åren och om regeln fungerar som ett bra ramverk för att kunna förutspå framtida resurspriser. Hotellings-regel har uppfattats som både föråldrad samt relevant under de senaste årtiondena. En generell slutsats från tidigare forskning är dock att utvecklingen av icke-förnybara resursers priser är mer komplex än vad Hotelling antog. Analysen har utförts genom tester av olika variabler som räntor, tidsperioder och utvinningskostnader. Antagandet om exponentiellt ökande resurspriser har också testats. De erhållna resultaten ger inget generellt stöd för Hotelling regeln som ett bra ramverk till att förutspå framtida resurspriser. Resultaten tyder dock på att Hotellings-regel förutspår framtida priser bäst när en kortare tidsperiod antas. Modellens avsaknad av förutsägbarhet är sannolikt på grund av volatilitet i resurspriser, något som Hotellings-regel inte tar fullt hänsyn till.
Dullieux, Rémy. "Jeux dynamiques relatifs au changement climatique". Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010039/document.
Texto completoThe world we are in : dynamic games relative to climate change. In these games the setting up of a carbon tax has Pigouvian grounds (to take into account the damage resulting of the accumulation of Green House Gas in the atmosphere due to the consumption of fossil energy) but it has also other aims that are strategic. For fossil energy consuming countries, indeed, a carbon tax can be a way to "eat" a part of the producing countries' rent. Then the resulting carbon tax has a Pigouvian part but also a strategic part. The literature developed during the last twenty years in this field is all about non cooperative games between an area of cartelized consuming countries and an area of cartelized producing countries. In the introduction, we lay out the economic framework of this type of games, their analytical framework (differential games) and the theoretical literature. Then the three original games that make up the bulk of the present work are introduced. Each of the three following chapters is devoted to one of these three games. The first one is a non-cooperative game between an area of consuming countries and an area of producing countries but with an upper limit of atmospheric carbon concentration as the main environmental constraint. This new type of constraint changes the classical results of this type of game. The second one is also a non-cooperative game between an area of consuming countries (here the old rich countries) and an area of producing countries but there is also another area of consuming countries (poor and emergent countries) that does not play the game while it sets up the tax resulting of the game. The setting up of such a tax in this area is the consequence of a transfer from the other consuming area. The conclusion is that under specific conditions this area (but also the financing area) wins some welfare in this framework versus a passive behavior in front of the producers. In the last game, there are also two consuming areas but now they play a non-cooperative game between themselves, while the producing area is passive. In consequence there is not a worldwide carbon tax but two regional carbon taxes. However, under some specific conditions, this framework is better for the two consuming areas than the passive attitude in front of the producers. The main conclusion of the three games is that in some circumstances the consuming countries can get some extra welfare from a strategic stance when setting up a carbon tax
Dutka, J. "The impact of emerging sustainable technologies on existing electrical infrastructure in Ontario". Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/31073.
Texto completoVera-Concha, Germán E. "Expropriation, extraction, and evasion decisions in the design of taxation regimes for the natural resources industry". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2018. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:b55dc55d-218c-4feb-a93b-991eebb61d10.
Texto completoWittmann, Nadine [Verfasser] y Georg [Akademischer Betreuer] Meran. "Climate Change, Water Scarcity, and the Depletion of Non-renewable Resources. A theoretical microeconomic analysis of contemporary topics in environmental economics / Nadine Wittmann. Betreuer: Georg Meran". Berlin : Universitätsbibliothek der Technischen Universität Berlin, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1023762196/34.
Texto completoPacheco, Baquero Janneth Milena. "Propriété de l'État et exploitation des ressources naturelles non renouvelables en Colombie". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0434/document.
Texto completoThe object of interest in this research is directed at understanding the role of the owner state in modern economies and the point of part will be the study of the emergence and evolution of state ownership (The ownership of liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons is excluded because they are governed by different and particular provisions on the subject), the conflicts which today generate its exploitation, in order to be confronted with The exercise of other rights affecting the sensitivity of communities and identify different criteria for resolution
Nerbel, Jan Frederic, Ellinor Hammarsten y Tobias Hedlund. "Advancing Towards Model-Based Decision-Making : A Qualitative Case Study at a Swedish Whisky Start-Up". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-328102.
Texto completoJuliani, Lucélia Ivonete. "Fatores de impulso na economia brasileira : o caso do pré-sal e a indústria do petróleo". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFABC, 2014.
Buscar texto completoTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Energia, 2014.
A perspectiva de que o petróleo pode ser o caminho para levar o Brasil ao patamar de desenvolvimento tão sonhado pelos brasileiros pode estar próxima de acontecer. Sem sombra de dúvida, as novas reservas descobertas já colocam o Brasil em outro patamar no mapa geopolítico do petróleo. A camada pré-sal é uma faixa rochosa que se estende por aproximadamente 800 km entre os estados do Espírito Santo e Santa Catarina, a cerca de 300 km da costa, possui de seis a sete mil metros de profundidade e com petróleo e gás abaixo de la. A grandeza dessa descoberta pode colocar o Brasil no cenário nacional e internacional como grande produtor e possível exportador do óleo. Além disso, permitirá usá-lo como matéria-prima de seus inúmeros derivados e subprodutos. No tocante à renda a ser gerada com sua exploração as expectativas são imensas, mesmo com as constantes variações do preço internacional do petróleo. Considerando este um produto essencial e sem substituto próximo, seus elevados preços, assim como a demanda crescente, seria possível afirmar que países detentores de reservas teriam teoricamente enriquecimento rápido e contínuo. Porém, os fatos históricos têm apontado situações diferentes entre países que possuem reservas e exportam. A indústria brasileira do petróleo é bastante jovem comparada com o resto do mundo, mas nem por isso menos importante e eficiente. Com tantas possibilidades em vista, pesquisadores passaram a buscar respostas e traçar cenários do que poderá acontecer ao Brasil, na hipótese de o país se tornar um grande exportador de petróleo. Nesse sentido, nosso governo levou a pauta a um novo marco regulatório, que visa manter maior proteção do estado em relação ao Pré-Sal, haja vista que, desde os anos 90, quando foi aberto seu capital para o setor privado, a produção nacional ficou em parte no poder de grandes companhias que não têm por objetivo canalizar a renda do petróleo em prol da economia brasileira. Atualmente há muitas pesquisas que visam responder questionamentos advindos do Pré-Sal, como exemplo, quais serão os fatores econômicos determinantes e impactos dos mesmos com a exploração do Pré-Sal na economia brasileira? Em realidade não se coloca esse questionamento como um problema, mas sim a força das questões levantadas. A metodologia utilizada neste trabalho é composta por pesquisa bibliográfica e análise de dados com utilização de modelo dos recursos naturais não renováveis (RNNR) para otimizar variáveis que dão origem aos fatores de impulso para a economia brasileira. Os resultados obtidos apontam um preço estimado próximo do preço internacional do petróleo. Também os investimentos, poupança, capital humano e comércio externo serão fatores de impacto para o crescimento e desenvolvimento sócio-econômico do país.
A perspectiva de que o petróleo pode ser o caminho para levar o Brasil ao patamar de desenvolvimento tão sonhado pelos brasileiros pode estar próxima de acontecer. Sem sombra de dúvida, as novas reservas descobertas já colocam o Brasil em outro patamar no mapa geopolítico do petróleo. A camada pré-sal é uma faixa rochosa que se estende por aproximadamente 800 km entre os estados do Espírito Santo e Santa Catarina, a cerca de 300 km da costa, possui de seis a sete mil metros de profundidade e com petróleo e gás abaixo de la. A grandeza dessa descoberta pode colocar o Brasil no cenário nacional e internacional como grande produtor e possível exportador do óleo. Além disso, permitirá usá-lo como matéria-prima de seus inúmeros derivados e subprodutos. No tocante à renda a ser gerada The prospect that oil may be the way to lead Brazil to the level of development as dreamed by Brazilians can be close to happening. Without a doubt, the new reserves discovered already put Brazil on another level in the geopolitical map of the oil. The pre-salt layer is a rocky track that stretches for about 800 km between the states of Espírito Santo and Santa Catarina and is approximately 300 km from the coast. This layer has six to seven thousand feet deep and below it are oil and gas. The magnitude of this discovery could put Brazil in the national and international scene as a major producer and possible oil exporter. It will also use it as raw material for their derivatives and by-products. Regarding the income that is generated with its exploration expectations are immense, even with the constant changes in international oil prices. Whereas oil is an essential product and no close substitute, their high prices as well as increasing demand, it could be argued that countries holding reserves would theoretically rapid and continuous enrichment. However, the historical facts have shown different situations between countries that have reserves and export. The Brazilian oil industry is quite young compared to the rest of the world, but no less important and efficient. With so many possibilities to view, researchers began to look for answers and plot scenarios of what may happen to Brazil, should the country becoming a major oil exporter. In this sense, the Brazilian government took the agenda for a new regulatory framework, which aims to maintain greater state protection in relation to the pre-salt, given that, since the 90s, when it opened its capital to the private sector, production National was in power in part of large companies which does not aim to channel oil revenues in favor of the Brazilian economy. Currently there are many studies aimed at answering questions from the pre-salt, so they wonder what will be the economic determinants and impacts of these factors with the pre-salt exploration in the Brazilian economy? Actually this question does not arise as a problem, but the force of the issues raised. The methodology used in this study consists of literature search and data analysis with the use of model of exhaustible natural resources (RNNR) to optimize variables that give rise to boost factors for the Brazilian economy. The results show an estimated price near the international price of oil. Like, investments, savings, human capital and foreign trade will impact for growth and economic and social development factors.
Daube, Marc. "Essays on issues in climate change policy". Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/12023.
Texto completoBaker, W. R. "Consistent dynamic choice, non-renewable resource use, and uncertainty". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Environmental Sciences, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/4316.
Texto completoHubach, Stephanie O. "Non-renewable resource price forecasting: a comparison of methods". Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/80110.
Texto completoMaster of Arts
Lokanc, Martin. "The Political Economy of Non-Renewable Resource Ownership and Control". Thesis, Colorado School of Mines, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10843980.
Texto completoA large body of literature finds a negative relationship between natural resource abundance and economic efficiency. With few notable exceptions, this literature does not account for variations in the ownership and control of the resources. Through an analytical interpretation of results from a game-theoretic political economy model, this study examines how economic rents, the opportunity cost of firms, potential cost or market access advantages of the private sector and time preferences of politicians combine to affect a politician’s preferences for ownership and control of a non-renewable resource. I find that the resulting choice of ownership type, public or private, is context-specific and that no generalisations can be made: among other factors politicians will consider the size of the resource, expected price paths, whether the private sector has a cost or market access advantage over the state when making its decision, prices and the degree to which the government holds a non-controlling equity stake in the firm. With respect to the efficiency of public versus private ownership, I find that either model can be efficient and that the result is driven mainly by: (i) the differences in time preferences between politicians, the private sector and the social optimum; and (ii) the degree to which the private sector holds a non-appropriable competitive advantage over the government. The model provides a rich and nuanced interpretation of the incentives governments face in making ownership decisions over non-renewable resources. The results act as a reminder to advisers to take into consideration country specifics when making recommendations to governments about which forms of ownership and control lead to a more efficient outcome. Results are corroborated by observations in empirical literature and the model’s explanatory power is highlighted through a range of country case studies.
Rostom, Fatma Zahra. "Sustainable metal extraction, steady-state good production and cooperative wealth allocation among nations and generations : a transdisciplinary approach". Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01E050.
Texto completoThis dissertation offers a transdisciplinary modeling approach to feed the debates raised by the long-run availability of mineral materials. It investigates the plausibility of a depletion threat posed to key metal resources within the current century. The first chapter studies the supply and demand of fossil materials at a global scale and further focuses on the functioning of the copper mining sector. Our work provides conditions under which the extraction of copper can be sustained and lead to a plateau instead of a peak, among which the stabilization of the demand for copper and the significant increase in collecting and recycling rates. The second chapter embeds the extracting sector into the whole global economy and evaluates theoretically the consequences of the mining dynamics on the long-run growth of output. We demonstrate that the unique desirable long-run steady state is stationary. The third chapter explores the implications of natural resource scarcity in terms of global trade and international cooperation. We show that if the countries of a coalition follow a long-term cooperation strategy in terms of extraction, investment, and resource trade, then the best way to optimize their own consumption while caring about future generations is to form a global coalition. This dissertation proposes a new way of considering global trade in the setting of an exhaustible resource and demonstrates that a global coalition where natural and productive wealth is commonly shared is to the advantage of all countries
Phipps, Sarah Louise. "An empirical investigation of the hypothesis of increasing non-renewable natural resource scarcity /". Title page, table of contents and introduction only, 1992. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09EC/09ecp573.pdf.
Texto completoBa, Bocar Samba. "Strategic Interactions on the Market of a Non-renewable Resource : The Phosphorus Case". Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTD016/document.
Texto completoThe theoretical literature that deals with phosphorus considers the market of the resource as being perfectly competitive, whereas the reality of this market suggests otherwise. Indeed, several interactions occur in this market. The main aim of this thesis is to rethink this market in an imperfectly framework. More specifically, we analyze the effect of recycling on the extraction of an exhaustible resource, on the dynamic of the resource price, on its date of depletion and on the reduction of water pollution. This thesis consists in a general introduction and five theoretical chapters all dealing with the economics of phosphorus or of exhaustible resources. Chapter 1 considers a two-period model where an extractor and a recycler compete with quantities. We assume that extracted and recycled phosphorus are strategic substitutes. We show that the effect of recycling on the extracted quantities strongly depends on the level of the stock of phosphorus. Chapter 2 extends the previous chapter in a continuous time framework over an infinite horizon. It investigates the effect of phosphorus recycling on the monopolist's extraction and on the dynamic of its price. We postulate an optimal control model and show that the price of the resource does not necessarily increase through time. Chapter 3 considers that extraction and recycling can be either strategic substitutes or strategic complements. In a two-period model, we show that the effect of recycling on the monopolist's second-period marginal revenue and on its extracted quantities depends on whether extracted and recycled products are strategic substitutes or strategic complements. Chapter 4 considers that the extracting sector chooses between accommodating or preventing the recycler's entry. The entry prevention can take two forms: either deterring or blockading. In a two-period model, we show that the strategy of the extractor depends on the level of the fixed costs incurred by the recycler and on whether the resource is scarce or not. Chapter 5 addresses the problems of phosphorus exhaustion and water pollution. We consider one firm that extracts and recycles phosphorus. We investigate the influence of a tax-subsidy scheme. We show that a combination of these two instruments enables to reduce water pollution and to prolong the lifetime of phosphorus
Köhler, Jiří. "Strategicko ekonometrická analýza společnosti ČEZ Energetické produkty, s.r.o". Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-193534.
Texto completoVilani, Rodrigo Machado. "Contribuição para o planejamento brasileiro de exploração de petróleo e gás natural através da formulação de uma política nacional de uso sustentável das reservas de petróleo e gás natural". Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2010. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=2339.
Texto completoPetróleo e gás natural são recursos naturais não renováveis que possuem grande participação na matriz energética mundial e tendência de crescimento na matriz nacional, cujo marco regulatório limita-se a definir critérios técnicos e procedimentais sem incorporar o modelo de sustentabilidade instituído pela Constituição Federal de 1988. A natureza finita dos recursos não renováveis, como o petróleo e o gás natural, exige uma visão do planejamento de sua exploração de longo prazo na definição dos objetivos e metas. Essa perspectiva de longo prazo traduz uma das preocupações do desenvolvimento sustentável: a garantia de direitos para as futuras gerações. Assim, ao procurar fornecer elementos para a tradução do modelo de desenvolvimento sustentável no arcabouço institucional e legal da indústria petrolífera vigente no Brasil, o presente trabalho busca contribuir para o aprimoramento da regulação petrolífera nacional e a qualidade de vida das gerações presentes e futuras. E, mais do que propor a elaboração de um projeto de lei, como modalidade de implantação de uma política pública, queremos contribuir para o fortalecimento das práticas e ações governamentais voltadas para a aplicação do desenvolvimento sustentável, consoante apregoa a Constituição Federal brasileira. Trata-se aqui de demonstrar, através de metodologia quali-quantitativa, a tese de que é possível incorporar o princípio constitucional de desenvolvimento sustentável na atividade de exploração e produção de petróleo e gás natural, formulando uma política pública que incorpore, no regime de propriedade do petróleo, a variável ambiental e o uso intergeracional que já haviam sido e continuam sendo aplicados a algumas fontes renováveis de energia. Inicialmente, identificamos a composição da matriz energética brasileira desde a inserção do petróleo como uma questão de Estado a partir dos anos 50 do século XX. Em seguida, analisamos a concepção legal e doutrinária para propor, então, a conceituação de um modelo de desenvolvimento energético sustentável, estruturante para a proposição de uma política nacional para a indústria petrolífera. Com base nessa conceituação, analisamos o marco regulatório e os procedimentos institucionais praticados atualmente para identificar as lacunas existentes no ordenamento a serem supridas pela política nacional proposta. A partir da análise dos contextos legal e institucional, e das políticas energética e ambiental, propomos a tradução de conceitos, objetivos, princípios e instrumentos num projeto de lei de Política Nacional de Uso Sustentável das Reservas de Petróleo e Gás Natural. Concluímos tecendo considerações gerais e específicas sobre a proposição aqui formulada com vistas ao aprimoramento do modelo nacional de gestão de recursos energéticos e ao fomento das discussões voltadas para a sustentabilidade das políticas públicas e as práticas privadas enraizadas na exploração irracional de recursos não renováveis
Petroleum and natural gas are non renewable natural resources that have a great participation in the global energy matrix and growth trend in the national matrix, whose regulatory framework is restricted to technical and procedural criteria without incorporating the model of sustainability established by the Federal Constitution of 1988. The finite nature of non-renewable resources, such as oil and natural gas, requires a vision of planning for their long-term exploration in the definition of goals and objectives. This long-term prospect represents one of the concerns of sustainable development that of guaranteeing the rights of future generations. So, when seeking to provide elements to translate of the model of sustainable development into the institutional and legal framework of the existing oil industry in Brazil it tries to contribute to the improvement of the national petroleum regulation and the quality of life for present and future generations. And more than proposing drawing up a bill, as a means of implementing a public policy, it aims to contribute to the strengthening of governmental actions and practices directed at implementing sustainable development, as proclaimed by the Brazilian Federal Constitution. Here it is a matter of demonstrating, through qualitative and quantitative methodology, the thesis that it is possible to incorporate the constitutional principle of sustainable development into the activity of exploration and production of oil and natural gas, formulating a public policy that incorporates, in the ownership of oil, the environmental variable and intergenerational use which had been and still are applied to some renewable sources of energy. Initially, we identified the composition of the Brazilian energy matrix since the inclusion of oil as a matter of state in the 1950s. Next, we analysed the legal and doctrinary concept and then proposed the concept of a model of sustainable energy development, a structuring element for the proposition of a national policy for the petroleum industry. Based on this concept, we analysed the regulatory framework and institutional procedures currently in force to identify the existing gaps in planning to be filled by the proposed national policy. Based on the analysis of the legal and institutional contexts, and energy and environmental policies, we propose the transformation of concepts, objectives, principles and instruments into a bill of law of National Policy on Sustainable Use of Reserves of Oil and Natural Gas. We conclude with general and specific considerations on the proposition made here with a view to improving the national model of management of energy resources and the fostering of discussions focused on the sustainability of public policies and private practices rooted in the irrational exploration of non-renewable resources.
Hamilton, Stewart M. (Stewart McNaughton) Carleton University Dissertation Geology. "The application of spring water geochemistry and hydrogeology to a non-renewable resource assessment of the south Nahanni River area, NWT". Ottawa, 1990.
Buscar texto completoDu, Plessis Louis Kemp. "Integrating non-dispatchable renewable energy into the South African grid : an energy balancing view / L.K. du Plessis". Thesis, North-West University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/9648.
Texto completoThesis (MIng (Development and Management Engineering))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.
Vardar, Baris Nevzat. "Optimal transition to clean technologies". Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01E022/document.
Texto completoThis dissertation investigates the economic mechanisms underlying the transition to clean technologies and examines policy approaches to achieve the socially optimal path. It studies various policy measures aiming to deal with climate change, such as adaptation and taxation of non-renewable resources. Furthermore, it examines the policy instruments that target increasing the use of efficient technologies and identifies cases in which the policy reaches its objectives or not. It also analyzes the role of heterogeneity in society on agents' willingness to support a pollution tax. The first chapter studies the energy transition by using an optimal growth model in which non-renewable and renewable natural resources are imperfect substitutes in providing energy services necessary for production. The second chapter studies the role of adaptation policy on the transition to a low carbon economy. lt incorporates adaptation policy into the problem of optimal non-renewable resource extraction with pollution externalities, by focusing on the capital nature of adaptation measures. The third chapter focuses on the problem of adopting new technologies in a micro-economic framework. lt studies the behavior of firms when they face a decision to invest either in a cheap but inefficient production capacity or in an expensive but efficient one, by taking into account the presence of a financial constraint. The fourth and last chapter investigates the distributional impacts of a pollution tax by considering a society in which wealth is distributed heterogeneously among households
"Economic growth and the use of non-renewable energy resources". Université catholique de Louvain, 2007. http://edoc.bib.ucl.ac.be:81/ETD-db/collection/available/BelnUcetd-03222007-020452/.
Texto completoMarkusSchilling y 莊馬可. "The Depletion of Non-renewable Resources for a Sustainable Development Policy". Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/27980785844441705579.
Texto completoHenrico, Jan Hendrik. "Royalties on non-renewable resources in South Africa : an international comparison". Diss., 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/30378.
Texto completoDissertation (MCom)--University of Pretoria, 2013.
Taxation
unrestricted
Lin, Chung-feng y 林群峰. "Diversity of halophilic purple non-sulfur bacteria and their capacity to produce renewable resources assessment". Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/36686000356405001529.
Texto completo東吳大學
微生物學系
100
Purple non-sulfur bacteria are a group of extraordinary metabolic diverse bacteria, therefore may widely exist in the environment. The study the diversity of freshwater environment of the purple non-sulfur bacteria have been many reported, however, the diversity of the hemophilic purple non-sulfur bacteria are less studied. So this study target separation of pure strains of purple non-sulfur bacteria in different environments of Taiwan western coast, and the use of molecular biological methods for classification, differences strains caused by different environmental , isolated producing hydrogen and Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) capacity assessment. Experimental screening out 34 purple non-sulfur bacteria, of which three for halotolerant of purple non-sulfur bacteria, others were all the halophilic of purple non-sulfur bacteria. These bacteria using 16S rDNA sequences sequencing, they were all Rhodovulum sulfidphilum. Strain differences in colony size and bacteria liquid on the color rendering. Use 16S-23S ITS RFLP, 16S rDNA sequence similarity and relationship between phylogenetic tree, 16S-23S ITS (ribosomal intergenic spacer;ITS) sequence similarity and genetic relationship between trees and multi locus sequence typing (the Multiocus sequence type) trying to categorize strains do,but it can do no further grouping. Hydrogen parts, first detected using PCR method screening while nifD and nifH gene of strains, and gas production test, found under the strains of malic acid as carbon sources capable of producing gas. For gas analysis, recognizing the hydrogen gas generated, then selection two strains one was hydrogen yield the highest R. sulfidphilum SSa7, another was gas yield the higher then others R. sulfidphilum SSa3. Maximize hydrogen production efficiency of 6.31ml/h/L and 2.72/ml/h/L, respectively. PHB production parts, strain detected phaC gene using PCR method and then quantitative PHB. Isolated PHB yield were 6~15 (mg/g fresh wet) with a known PHB production ability of Alcaligenes latus 61.60 (mg/g fresh wet) comparative ability is poor. Wastewater section, since waste water usually family livelihood is a fresh water environment. Using halotolerant strains R. sulfidphilum SSa7 to test whether reduce the total organic carbon and to produce hydrogen and producing PHB. It could reduce total organic carbon and produced PHB without hydrogen in wastewater. The future can expect R. Sulfidphilum whole genome sequencing, we are convenient to classification this strain. PHB production and hydrogen-producing part trying to find the most suitable conditions to increase the yield. Strains are using in food or a leather factory, to test if it is capable of producing hydrogen and producing PHB.
Nel, Wilhelm Pieter. "The evolution of thought on the availability of non-renewable natural resources in the long run". Diss., 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/27268.
Texto completoEconomics
M. Com. (Economics)
TALACH, Petr. "Komparace současných trendů ve výrobě elektrické energie". Master's thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-396478.
Texto completoMatos, Marina da Conceição da Silva. "Development of more sustainable polymers and composites materials based on 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid". Doctoral thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/25789.
Texto completoNos dias de hoje, os problemas ambientais, as mudanças climáticas, os recursos fósseis limitados e sua flutuação de preço, associados à atividade industrial (muitas vezes muito pouco ecológicas) são as forças motrizes para governos, empresas e cientistas encontrarem alternativas para os materiais preparados a partir de recursos fosséis. Neste cenário, o ácido 2,5- furandicarboxílico (FDCA), em produto químico de origem renovável, surgiu como o substituto mais promissor do ácido tereftálico na síntese de diversos materiais, particularmente poliésteres, que possuem propriedades térmicas e mecânicas semelhantes. Estes materiais podem ser utilizados nas aplicações existentes, e em outras novas aplicações, inovadoras e de alto valor. Neste contexto, o desenvolvimento de polímeros e materiais sustentáveis a partir dos furanos é oportuno e bastante relevante. Precisamente, esta tese tem como principal objetivo o desenvolvimento polímeros e materiais compósitos mais sustentáveis a partir do FDCA e uma panóplia de compostos alifáticos selecionados pela sua origem renovável. Posteriormente, foi ainda avaliado o potencial de um novo monómero éster preparado a partir do FDCA como plastificante para a substituição parcial do não renovável tereftalato de di(2- etilhexilo) em formulações de cloreto de polivínilo (PVC). No primeiro estudo, foi preparado um poliéster parcialmente renovável a partir do FDCA e do 1,4-ciclohexanodiol, nomeadamente o poli(2,5- furanodicarboxilato de 1,4-ciclohexileno) (PCdF) com o objectivo de se obter um novo material com propriedades térmicas melhoradas. A sua síntese foi efetuada a partir de duas abordagens distintas, nomeadamente via policondensação em solução e politransesterificação em estado sólido. Por motivos comparativos, foi ainda sintetizado o homopolímero poli(2,5- furandicarboxilato de 1,4-ciclohexanodimetileno) (PCF), devido à semelhança estrutural entre ambos. Homopolímeros com pesos moleculares diferentes foram obtidos de acordo com a abordagem de síntese e catalisadores utilizados (valores de Mn e Ð variando entre 4 300-14 100 g/mol e 1.2-1.7, respetivamente). Os materiais resultantes revelaram possuir carácter semi-cristalino com elevadas temperaturas de transição vítrea (valores de Tg de 175 e 105 ºC, para o PCdF e PCF, respetivamente) e estabilidade térmica até aos 377 ºC. Verificouse ainda que, a ausência do grupo metileno no homopolímero PCdF, deu origem a um material com estrutura de cadeia polimérica mais rígida, e consequentemente um valor de Tg mais elevado. Num segundo estudo, vários copolímeros do poli(2,5-furanodicarboxilato de 1,4- butileno)-co-poli(2,5-furanodicarboxilato de poli(óxido de propileno)) (PBF-co- PPOF) poli(éster-éter)s foram sintetizados a partir do 2,5-furanodicarboxilato de dimetilo e diferentes rácios molares do 1,4-butanodiol e do poli(óxido de propileno. Os copolímeros resultantes apresentaram caráter semi-cristalino quando quantidades superiores de PBF foram usadas, líquidos viscosos completamente amorfos quando o rácio PBF/PPOF usado foi igual a 1. Mais ainda, estes materiais apresentaram elevada estabilidade térmica (temperaturas de degradação máxima entre 340-365 ºC, e baixas Tg´s (valores a variar entre os - 42.3 a -32.6 ºC), facilitando desta forma o seu processamento a mais baixas temperaturas. Adicionalmente, num terceiro estudo, abrangendo a preparação de uma série de nanocompósitos à base de FDCA, preparados usando os copolímeros poli(2,5-furanodicarboxilato de 1,4-butileno)-co-poli(diglicolato de 1,4-butileno) (PBF-co-PBGD e celulose bacteriana acetilada (Ac-BC). Numa primeira etapa, os copolímeros foram sintetizados; seguida da preparação de filmes de nanocompósitos, obtidos através da abordagem de evaporação de solvente. Curiosamente, para uma maior incorporação de unidades de BDG, estes materiais reforçados demonstraram um aumento de rigidez (módulo de Young até 1239 MPa) e elasticidade aceitável (valores alongamento até à ruptura entre 0.6 até 25.0 %) quando comparados com os seus (co)polímeros homólogos puros. Além disso, foram observados valores similares para as permeabilidade ao oxigénio dos nanocompósitos e (co)polímeros, expandindo a exploração destes materiais para aplicações como embalagens. Finalmente, um quarto estudo, abordou a possibilidade de usar um éster furânico como aditivo para formulações de poli(cloreto de vinilo) (PVC) (Capítulo VI). A combinação dos plastificantes 2,5-furanodicarboxilato de di(2-etilhexilo) (DEHF) com o tereftalato de di(2-etilhexilo) (DEHT) foi efetuada de forma a aumentar o ‘conteúdo verde’ das formulações de PVC. Estes materiais demostraram possuir maior compatibilidade com a matriz do PVC comparativamente com os preparados apenas com o DEHF. Mais ainda, apresentaram características térmicas comparáveis aos preparados apenas com o DEHT (Tg’s entre 19.2 e 23.8 ºC) e um aumento do alongamento até à rutura (até 330%). Além disso, os testes de migração revelaram muito baixas percentagens de perda de massa, não excedendo os 0.3% e os 0.2%, respetivamente, para a água e para a solução PBS. Mais importante, resultados preliminares em testes de viabilidade celular in vitro (concentrações até 500 μM e máximo de 72 h) revelaram um perfil não-tóxico para ambos os plastificantes, DEHF e DEHT. Todos os materiais e químicos preparados a partir do FDCA dentro do âmbito desta dissertação são uma importante contribuição para a crescente procura por novos materiais de origem renovável, dentro de uma abordagem sustentável. Mais, estes materiais e químicos apresentaaram propriedades semelhantes ou melhoradas às dos preparados a partir de recursos petrolíferos.
Programa Doutoral em Química Sustentável
Mangondo, Kismore. "The economics of gold mining taxation". Diss., 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/2265.
Texto completoEconomics
M.Comm.
Mazancová, Dupláková Daniela. "Využívání a ochrana přírodních zdrojů z hlediska práva". Doctoral thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-305943.
Texto completoArshad, Zeeshan. "The role of macroeconomic variables in energy and environmental modelling: econometric evidence from Asian countries". Doctoral thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/30636.
Texto completoEsta tese é composta por três ensaios enquadrados na área da Economia da Energia e do Ambiente, com foco particular no impacto das variáveis macroeconómicas nas emissões de dióxido de carbono (CO2) nas economias do Sul e do Sudeste Asiático (SSEA). O ensaio 1 estuda os efeitos da desflorestação, crescimento económico e urbanização nos níveis de emissões de CO2 nas regiões do SSEA no período 1990–2014. Os resultados sugerem que a desflorestação e a urbanização podem agravar a poluição ambiental nessas regiões e afetar ainda mais o desenvolvimento sustentável a longo prazo. Além disso, o método mais adequado e eficiente para minimizar as emissões de CO2 é o aprimoramento das atividades florestais. O ensaio 2 estima o efeito das Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (TIC), do comércio, do crescimento económico, do desenvolvimento financeiro e do consumo de energia nas emissões de carbono nas regiões SSEA para o período de 1990 a 2014. A Análise de Clusters foi usada para identificar dois grupos (países potenciais e países avançados, com base no seu nível de desenvolvimento social). Os resultados revelam que o uso do desenvolvimento financeiro e das TIC deteriora a qualidade do ambiente na região do SSEA. Pelo uso crescente do “standby mode” e dos dispositivos auxiliares de Wi-Fi, recomenda-se a rápida implementação da legislação que regule essas tecnologias para torná-las mais eficientes. O ensaio 3 examina o papel do crescimento económico, consumo de energia renovável, energia não renovável e recursos naturais nas emissões de dióxido de carbono no período de 1990 a 2014. Os resultados mostram que o consumo de energia não renovável e renovável impulsiona as atividades económicas. Além disso, os recursos naturais impedem o crescimento económico nas regiões da SSEA. Mas por outro lado, os resultados demonstram que o crescimento económico e a energia não renovável aumentam as emissões de CO2, enquanto o consumo de energia renovável diminui as emissões de carbono. No entanto, os recursos naturais também contribuem para as emissões de CO2 no caso dos painéis do sul da Ásia e do painel completo, além de melhorar a qualidade ambiental na região do sudeste asiático. Os resultados sugerem que um melhor uso dos recursos naturais, a atenção especial do governo à educação e a redução de atividades ilegais melhoram o crescimento económico nas áreas estudadas.
III Quadro Comunitário de Apoio
Programa Doutoral em Ciências Económicas e Empresariais
Coetzer, Michél. "A legal framework for the promotion of renewable energy in South Africa through fiscal instruments / Michél Coetzer". Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/14911.
Texto completoLLM (Environmental Law and Governance), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015
Irawan, Denny. "Macro Uncertainties and Financial Dynamics of Renewable and Non-Renewable Resource Companies". Phd thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/249093.
Texto completo"The optimal depletion of a non renewable resource : ban empirical study". Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/10261.
Texto completoThis work is an attempt to discover whether or not South Africa's gold reserves have been properly exploited - has the wealth that has been removed been used to the best advantage. It became apparent to the author whilst conducting feasibility studies on both projected and operating mines that scant attention is paid to the determination of an optimal time path of depletion for a mineral deposit by the planners. The main, if not sole, criterion is the maximising of returns on the capital invested. The thesis proposes a methodology to describe the actual depletion paths achieved by a selection of South African gold mines. The work of mineral economists, especially Harold Hotelling, is used to provide a theoretical base for the. proposals. The mines were selected to cover as wide a range of the exploitation cycle as possible from the planning stage to final abandonment.
Ejekwu, Olayile. "Development of a Non-Derivatizing Solvent System for the Pretreatment of South AfricanCorn Cob". Thesis, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/10539/28777.
Texto completoDepleting fossil fuels and the increasing energy demand has necessitated the move to alternative renewable forms of energy. Lignocellulosic biomass is a renewable and sustainable source for highly valuable bio-based chemicals and material production in a biorefinery system. The effective fractionation of the main components of lignocellulosic biomass (cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin) into usable forms is a crucial step in unlocking an economically viable, high-value product producing biorefinery. The main concern associated with the conversion of lignocellulose is overcoming biomass recalcitrance using pretreatment while still maintaining a green, cost-effective and energy efficient process. Over the last decade, molten hydrate salts have been used for isolated cellulose dissolution, however very few studies have been done to check their ability in lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment. The aim of the study was to compare seven molten hydrate salt solvent systems including unary, binary and ternary mixtures of ZnCl2.4H2O, LiClO4.3H2O and Urea for the effective pretreatment of corncob in terms of physicochemical properties and pretreatment efficiencies and to optimise these efficiencies. The molten salt hydrate pretreatment systems used in this study are aimed at fractionating the corn cobs biomass into a solid fraction which mostly contains cellulose and lignin as the major components, while the liquid fraction contains hemicellulose as the main component. The pretreatment experiments were carried out at 70 for 60 minutes at a biomass: solvent ratio of 1:10. Physicochemical change after pretreatment was checked by FTIR, XRD and SEM. The most efficient solvent mixture was identified by gravimetric analysis for its ability to fractionate the biomass into a cellulose and lignin rich solid fraction and a hemicelluloserich liquid fraction. The effect of solvent pretreatment operating variables (temperature, time and solvent concentration) was investigated to maximize cellulose recovery, hemicellulose recovery in the liquid fraction and lignin recovery from the biomass by response surface methodology (RSM) approach using a central composite design (CCD). Physicochemical analysis showed a decrease in crystallinity and an increase in surface area after the pretreatment in all the MHS solvents tested. This work has successfully shown the use of ZnCl2.4H2O/ Urea, to pre-treat and fractionate corn cob with high recovery of cellulose (100%), low recovery of hemicellulose (42%) and lignin (44%) when compared to the other proposed systems. Through the RSM approach, optimum pretreatment conditions obtained Abstract were: 90 min, 120 oC and concentration of 71.32%/28.68 (w/w) ZnCl2.4H2O/ Urea. At these conditions, the predicted recovery for cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin 99.03%, 27.18% and 72.43% respectively with a desirability of 0.902. The actual recovery was 91%, 29% and 68% for cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin respectively at the same conditions. For a better understanding of the dissolution kinetics and thermodynamics of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin dissolution in ZnCl2.4H2O/ Urea solvent system, a kinetic study was carried out. The results reveal the dissolution to be a 1st order kinetics and the obtained activation energy for cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin dissolution were 14.10 kJ.mol-1, 11.29 kJ.mol-1 and 7.606 kJ.mol-1 ,respectively. that the dissolution process for all three components are endothermic and endergonic. The -0.190; -0.195 kJ.mol-1) showed that the process of dissolution of hemicellulose occurred more rapidly and produced more stable products. It was concluded that ZnCl2.4H2O/ Urea pretreatment provided a potential way to fractionate lignocellulosic biomass which can improve the effective utilization of all feedstock fractions.
E.K. 2020
Lin, Hsin-Huei y 林欣慧. "A Two-stage Solving Approach to Multi-mode Resource-Constrained Project Scheduling Problem with non-renewable types". Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/67353311626660260974.
Texto completo元智大學
工業工程與管理學系
93
In this thesis, we investigate and propose a two-stage method to solve the multi-mode resource-constrained project scheduling problem (MM-RCPSP) with the objective to minimize the project completion time. The feasibility problem of MM-RCPSP is NP-complete when nonrenewable resource types are considered and the optimization problem of MM-RCPSP given a feasible mode assignment (satisfying the nonrenewable constraints) is also NP-hard. In the first stage of our proposed method, branch and bound (B&B) method is employed to find a set of feasible mode assignments. Then a subset of these mode assignments is selected based on smaller critical path values with respect to the project networks resulting from the disjunctive arcs concept. The second stage deals with single-mode RCPSP without nonrenewable resource constraints and two methods, ant colony optimization (ACO) and simulated annealing (SA), are used to find a near-optimal project schedule with respect to each selected feasible mode assignment. In ACO, ants generate schedules by one of the following three methods: forward serial list scheduling (FSLS) method, backward serial list scheduling (BSLS) method, and forward parallel method with MLFT priority rule. In SA, only FSLS and BSLS are used to generate schedules. Both ACO and SA employ two-direction insertion method and backward-forward method (BF) to improve schedules. The proposed method has two superior advantages. First, it always produces a feasible schedule as long as a given MM-RCPSP instance is feasible. Second, it is capable of finding an optimal or near-optimal solution in acceptably computational time for small and medium size problems. The performance of the two-stage method is evaluated using the standard sets of instances in PSPLIB. Computational results based on 5000 schedules show that this method is competitive among the algorithms currently published.
Gliedt, Travis. "Green Decision Making by Organizations: Understanding Strategic Energy Choices". Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/6275.
Texto completoZheng, Hou. "Technological change, efficiency and energy". Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/22550.
Texto completoO desempenho econômico está intimamente relacionado ao consumo de energia, a maior parte da qual ainda vem de fontes não renováveis. Ao mesmo tempo que se esforçam para promover a energia renovável, os formuladores de políticas estão interessados em mudanças tecnológicas que também aumentem a eficiência energética. No entanto, tanto os modelos de crescimento da mudança tecnológica direcionada quanto as teorias microeconômicas sobre a inovação sugerem que a mudança tecnológica não é necessariamente enviesada para a energia, o que exige o apoio de evidências empíricas. Estudos anteriores sobre o tópico focam principalmente em um determinado país / região usando dados em nível de província / setor. Minha dissertação aplica a Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) como seu principal método econométrico e investiga a situação do progresso tecnológico envolvendo energia como entrada e saída. As descobertas podem servir como referência para considerações de política relacionadas à inovação, preços de energia, operação de empresas, etc. As descobertas de nível macro mostram que a mudança tecnológica é tendenciosa para a energia; descobertas em nível micro mostram que a mudança tecnológica é mais tendenciosa para o trabalho; a mudança tecnológica tem favorecido o combustível em relação à eletricidade em geral. Inferimos que o efeito do tamanho do mercado provavelmente sobrecarregará os outros na decisão da direção da mudança tecnológica. Assim, a política deve incluir ferramentas além dos preços da energia na indução de mudanças tecnológicas. Concluímos que a eficiência técnica produtiva é positivamente afetada por maior entrada de capital em relação à entrada de trabalho, bem como maior salário-hora médio e menor média de horas de trabalho. Evidências também sugerem que a liberalização do mercado elétrico português a partir dos anos 2000 foi bem-sucedida no sentido de que há uma tendência de melhoria da eficiência técnica ao longo do tempo.