Tesis: "Non-insulin-dependent diabetes"

1

Gormley, M. J. J. "Aspects of insulin treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes". Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.373006.

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2

Baynes, Christospher. "Insulin action and dyslipidaemia in non-insulin-dependent diabetes". Thesis, University of Southampton, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.316405.

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3

Dornhorst, Anne. "Gestational diabetes : a model of non-insulin dependent diabetes". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.334887.

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4

Gelding, Susan Valerie. "Metabolic abnormalities preceding non-insulin dependent diabetes". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.283202.

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5

McGurk, Colm. "Endothelial function in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus". Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.387879.

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6

Pinkney, Jonathan Henley. "Origins of hypertension in non-insulin dependent diabetes". Thesis, University of London, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.286682.

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7

Alcolado, Juan Carlos. "The genetics of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus". Thesis, University of Southampton, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.358901.

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8

Jaap, Alan James. "Microvascular function in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus". Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1994. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/30732/.

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Epidemiological studies suggest differences in the prevalence and natural history of microvascular complications between subjects with insulin dependent (IDDM) and non-insulin dependent (NIDDM) diabetes. The haemodynamic hypothesis proposes that early functional changes in the microcirculation result in the eventual development of diabetic microangiopathy. There is now a large body of experimental evidence in support of this hypothesis in patients with IDDM, with abnormalities in blood flow, capillary pressure and permeability having been demonstrated. In contrast, there have been few studies investigating microvascular function in NIDDM; however, preliminary work has identified a profound limitation in microvascular vasodilation at an early stage, while capillary pressure does not appear to be elevated. The aim of this thesis was to further investigate functional changes in the skin microcirculation in patients with NIDDM and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). 1. Using a sensitive plethysmographic system, no difference was found in microvascular fluid permeability between patients with NIDDM and control subjects (5.3 (3.2-9.1) x 10-3 ml.min-1.100g tissue-1.mmHg-1 vs 5.4 (3.5-8.0) x 10-3 ml.min-1. 100g tissue-1 .mmHg-1 median and range; p = 0.98, Mann-Whitney). 2. In confirmation of previous studies, reduced microvascular hyperaemia in response to local heating of the skin was found (using laser Doppler fluximetry) in NIDDM patients with large vessel disease excluded (0.82 (0.42-1.41) V vs 1.40 (0.89-2.13) V control subjects; p < 0.005). Limited vasodilation correlated with fasting plasma insulin (Rg =-0.63, p < 0.04) but not glycaemic control. Microvascular hyperaemia increased after one year of improved glycaemic control in recently diagnosed patients (1.20 (0.51-3.93) V vs 0.97 (0.22-2.17) V at baseline; p < 0.05). In hypertensive NIDDM patients, there was no further reduction in microvascular vasodilation (1.05 (0.70-1.42) V vs 1.04 (0.79-1.63) V normotensive NIDDM, p = 0.82), although there was an increase in calculated resistance to blood flow (127.2 (87.5-181.3) mmHg.V-1 vs 84.7 (61.9-123.0) mmHg.V-1 normotensive patients, p < 0.02). 3. Reduced microvascular hyperaemia was found in subjects with IGT (1.01 (0.71-1.57) V vs 1.41 (1.32-2.13) V control subjects, p < 0.001), and also insulin resistant patients with acromegaly (0.96 (0.56-1.70) V vs 1.46 (1.24-2.13) V control subjects, p < 0,05). In subjects with IGT, limited vasodilation was found to correlate with fasting plasma insulin (Rg = -0.7; p < 0.001) and insulin sensitivity (Rs = 0.52; p < 0.02), but not with β-cell function, plasma glucose or serum lipid concentrations. 4. Using iontophoresis and laser Doppler fluximetry, defective endothelium-dependent vasodilation was found in subjects with IGT (518 (410-905) AU-min-l vs 1236 (875-1588) AU.min-1 control subjects, median and range; p < 0.003). In contrast there was no significant difference in myogenic (683 (301-1175) AU.min-1 vs 898 (303-998) AU.min-1 control subjects; p = 0.5) or neurogenic vasodilation ( 61 (31-109) AU vs 46 (37-146) control subjects; p = 0.8). 5. No differences in skin capillary density were found between patients with NIDDM, subjects with IGT and control subjects under basal conditions (112 (71-144) caps.mm-2 vs 107 (76-140) caps.mm-2 vs 112 (76-138) caps.mm-2 respectively; p= 0.9, Kruskal Wallis), or after venous occlusion (122 (87-157) caps.mm-2 vs 121 (90-143) caps.mm-2 IGT vs 123 (81-147) caps.mm-2; p= 0.9). In light of the above results, a unifying hypothesis has been proposed to explain the differences in epidemiology and pathophysiology of microvascular disease between IDDM and NIDDM.

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9

Al-Hussary, Nabeel A. J. "Insulin receptor binding in hypertension and non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus". Thesis, Aston University, 1986. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/14510/.

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10

Tan, Kathryn Choon Beng. "Postprandial lipoprotein metabolism in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus". Thesis, Cardiff University, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.323795.

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11

Whitelaw, Donald C. "Aspects of insulin secretion and action in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/22738.

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In a cross-sectional survey of coronary risk factors in subjects with recently diagnosed NIDDM I confirm the high prevalence of individual risk factors described by others, and show a broadly normal distribution pattern for the clustering of risk factors forming Reaven's Syndrome X, in contrast to that reported in other populations. I suggest that hyperinsulinaemia and hypertriglyceridaemia are the best markers of high coronary risk and note the association of obesity and other risk factors. In a study to examine the effects of the new oral hypoglycaemic drug A4166 in NIDDM I confirm its major effect as an insulin secretagogue but find limited effects on intermediary metabolism when assessed during and intravenous glucose tolerance test. Any enhancement of glucose clearance appears to be secondary to the increase in insulin secretion. If hypertriglyceridaemia exacerbates insulin resistance in NIDDM, then its treatment may reverse this process. In a randomised study comparing the fibrate drug gemfibrozil with placebo I show that reduction in serum triglyceride concentrations with gemfibrozil is associated with improved insulin sensitivity to non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) and ketone metabolism but not to glucose metabolism, when assessed using a low-dose incremental insulin infusion technique. In established diabetes (NIDDM) the contribution of body fat to insulin resistance is less clear than among non-diabetic subjects. In a group of NIDDM subjects I show no consistent effects of body fat on insulin resistance using the low-dose incremental insulin infusion, and no relation between body fat indices and euglycaemic clamp measures of insulin sensitivity. From the insulin infusion data I show that fasting glucose concentration has the greatest impact on insulin resistance, suggesting that hyperglycaemia or perhaps glucose toxicity has an effect overwhelming that of other factors. Using the data from the body fat studies described, I compare measures of insulin resistance derived from insulin infusions, euglycamic clamps and homeostatic modelling (HOMA-R) in NIDDM, and discuss uses and limitations of these techniques. In a concluding chapter I attempt to summarise the findings from these studies and draw together a discussion of the results obtained in the context of the existing published literature.

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12

Yan, Min y 严敏. "Effects of self-management education on diabetic control among patients with type 2 diabetes : a systematic review". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/193810.

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Objective: To systematically review the effect of self-management education on diabetic control in type 2 diabetes Research design and methods: PubMed was searched for English-language articles published between 2010 and 2013. All the studies were original articles selected manually and used randomized control trials generating results of self-management education in people with type 2 diabetes referring to diabetic control. Relevant data were divided and tabulated into factors of population characteristics, interventions and outcomes. Interventions were classified into three sections as collaborative information intervention, lifestyle intervention, and skills teaching intervention based on the patterns of education. Outcomes were categorized into glycemic control, cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and nephropathy risk factors. Results: A total of 24 studies were identified of initial 41 articles for this review. Effects of self-management education on glycemic control were demonstrated to be positive both in short-term (<10 months) and long-term (>10 months) follow-up, but more positive effects in short-term follow-up. The same effectiveness happens to CVD risk factors, including lipids, weight and blood pressure. On the other hand, with short-term follow-up, teaching skills intervention of self-management education is more effective than collaborative information intervention and lifestyle intervention on reducing glycemic control and CVD risk factors. Also with long-term follow-up, teaching skills intervention of self-management education had more effectiveness than collaborative information intervention and lifestyle intervention on reducing glycemic control. However, few studies including CVD risk factors in the long-term follow-up, so it is difficult to evaluate the effectiveness of on CVD risk factors with long-term follow-up. Conclusions: Evidences supports the positive effectiveness of self-management education with collaborative information intervention, lifestyle intervention and skills teaching intervention among type 2 diabetes patients on diabetic control, in both short-term follow-up and long-term follow-up, but short-term follow-up is more effective than long-term follow-up. Further research is needed to develop self-management interventions to maintain long-term follow-up effects on glycemic control, CVD risk factors and other diabetes complications.
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Master
Master of Public Health

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13

Simmons, Max W. "Factors affecting exercise adherence in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus sufferers /". Title page, contents and abstract only, 1991. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ARM/09arms592.pdf.

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14

Wilson, M. "Patient education and compliance in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus". Thesis, University of Surrey, 1991. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/844504/.

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This prospective study investigated many compliance-related aspects involving a population of Type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetics, who attended the out-patients' clinic of a District General hospital. The investigations were undertaken from both qualitative and quantitative perspectives; activities within the clinic were observed and knowledge levels concerning diabetes mellitus were measured. A teaching programme was constructed, drawing on general educational principles; each stage was subjected to analysis and evaluation. Information, teaching and counselling skills were incorporated and a quality assurance model described. Two groups of subjects - one diagnosed less than one year (n=20), the other diagnosed more than one year (n=18) - were entered into a teaching programme; weight change was chosen as the study variable. Three interventions were planned for each subject. No statistically significant differences were found between the study groups and an historical control group, but clinically significant trends towards the target weight were recorded. Following the intervention study, a clinic-specific video was made, which was positively evaluated by subjects after it was viewed in their own homes. An innovative method of analysis was applied to health belief attributes, including vulnerability and social support-dynamic concept analysis (Kontiainen, 1973) - and models were constructed to determine whether there were common patterns of interview response from which prediction of compliance with clinical advice could be deduced. From the analysis it was concluded that computerised models could be constructed, which would be used in the clinic setting to predict, and subsequently monitor and guide, the behaviour required of individuals with NIDDM. The home viewing of clinic-specific videos would provide an adjunct to effective management through the dissemination of information outside the immediate physician-patient interaction. The main aim of Type II diabetes management is control of body weight. A means of depicting movement out of the obesity grading (Garrow and Webster, 1985) was devised, which could be utilised in a collaborative way by the health care professional and the diabetic person. From this longitudinal study it was concluded that the unique educational needs of individuals must be met by a range of inter-linked skills, methods and materials, if a solution to the non-compliance problem is to be found.

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15

Kalidas, Kamini. "A molecular genetic study of non-insulin dependent Diabetes Mellitus". Thesis, Imperial College London, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.266168.

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16

Mackie, Alasdair David Ramsay. "The progression of nephropathy in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/21383.

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The natural history and factors affecting the progression of nephropathy in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus are poorly understood. The hypothesis that glomerular filtration declines at a similar rate in NIDDM and IDDM was examined in a cohort of 87 subjects (55 NIDDM and 32 IDDM). The rate of decline of calculated GFR (Cockcroft-Gault) was significantly slower in IDDM compared to NIDDM (0.29 vs 0.43 ml.min.^-1 month^-1;p<0.05), in subjects with a baseline glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of ≤ 80 ml.min^-1 followed for a median of 6.4 years. The rate of decline of GFR was more rapid in Caucasian than in Afro-Caribbean NIDDM subjects. For all individuals, 24-hour protein excretion proved the most significant variable associated with the decline of GFR. Together with diastolic blood pressure these factors accounted for 34% of the variation of the data. For the NIDDM group, blood pressure treatment at the outset replaced diastolic blood pressure as a significant associate of decline of GFR. The effect of percutaneous renal artery angioplasty was examined in nine subjects with NIDDM, nephropathy and renal artery stenosis to determine if this procedure influences the progression of nephropathy. No benefit was demonstrated. Twenty-six NIDDM individuals from the above cohort were prospectively studied over a two-year period. The rate of decline of GFR was 0.48 ml.min^-1month^-1. Blood pressure, serum cholesterol and 24-hour protein were all associated with GFR decline, with 38% of the variation in the data accounted for by the first two factors. EDTA clearance was compared to calculated GFR and creatinine clearance for 72 patient episodes to determine the clinical value of these surrogate markers of GFR in NIDDM subjects. Calculated GFR underestimated true GFR by 4%, on average, with significant differences for the Afro-Caribbean, but not Caucasian or Asian, group, Endogenous creatinine clearance may have a role in monitoring disease progression in obese subjects.

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17

Frangioudakis, Georgia St Vincent's Clinical School UNSW. "Insulin signal transduction in vivo in states of lipid-induced insulin resistance". Awarded by:University of New South Wales. St Vincent's Clinical School, 2004. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/27419.

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Insulin resistance is the major metabolic defect in obesity and Type 2 diabetes. Increased lipid accumulation is strongly associated with insulin resistance. A significant component of insulin resistance is thought to be a reduced ability of insulin to activate the cascade of phosphorylation events that lead to the metabolic effects of this hormone. The broad aims of this thesis were to examine the effect of high-fat diets containing different fat subtypes on in vivo insulin signalling, under conditions normally used to detect whole body insulin resistance, and to compare the effects of acute and chronic lipid oversupply on insulin signalling in vivo. Time-course and dose-response effects of insulin stimulation on site-specific phosphorylation of key signalling proteins were studied in rat tissues in vivo, to establish an appropriate experimental system to examine the onset of activation of the insulin signalling pathway. It was determined that short insulin infusions with concurrent glucose infusion, similar to the beginning of a euglycaemic-hyperinsulinaemic clamp, significantly increased the phosphorylation of major intermediates of the insulin signalling pathway in important tissues of insulin action (skeletal muscle [RQ], liver [LIV] and white adipose tissue [EPI]). These experiments provided a platform to study insulin signalling under the same conditions used to study lipid-induced insulin resistance. The provision of diets enriched in polyunsaturated or saturated fatty acids (FA) resulted in the corresponding enrichment of these fat subtypes in rat plasma and tissues. However, the effects on insulin signalling were essentially the same. Both fat diets induced defects in sitespecific phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1 and protein kinase B (PKB) in RQ and LIV, but not EPI. This suggests that the amount of fat in the diet, rather than enrichment in a particular fat subtype, had a greater impact on the development of signalling defects and that the response to high-fat feeding was tissue-specific. A 3hr elevation of circulating FA (using a lipid/heparin infusion), to a level that is relevant in clinical Type 2 diabetes, impaired insulin-stimulated PKB phosphorylation with no significant effect on IRS-1 phosphorylation. This suggests that there may be differences in the way acute and chronic exposure to increased FA impair insulin signalling. The phosphorylation defects observed in both chronic and acute studies did not seem to be associated with activation of major stress signalling pathways (JNK and NFkB), which have been suggested to have a role in lipidinduced insulin resistance. In conclusion, these studies demonstrate that impaired IRS-1 and PKB phosphorylation do have a role in the reduced insulin action observed with lipid oversupply in vivo, because the changes were detected under similar conditions as those used to determine whole body insulin resistance.

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18

Tong, King-hung Daniel y 唐琼雄. "Surgical treatment for type II diabetes mellitus". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/193510.

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Introduction: Historically, type 2 diabetes (T2DM) has been regarded as a progressive and degenerative disease and only minority of patients can have disease remission with conventional treatment. It was noticed that gastrointestinal surgery could induce complete remission of T2DM in most of morbidly obese patients. Compared to the West, the development of bariatric and metabolic surgery is slow in Hong Kong. It is unknown whether the knowledge and attitudes of medical doctors and patients towards surgical treatment for T2DM have impacts on the development in this field. The novel procedure sleeve gastrectomy (SG) had been shown to be effective in inducing T2DM remission in obese human. Duodenal jejunal bypass (DJB) and ileal transposition (IT) were reported to be effective for ameliorating T2DM in non-obese diabetic animal model. The anti-diabetic potency of DJB and IT is unknown in comparing to SG particularly in non-obese subjects. Currently, SG is the main procedure for morbidly obese patients with or without T2DM in the authors’ institution. Aims: The aims of the present thesis were to investigate the knowledge and attitudes of medical doctors and patients toward using surgery as a treatment for T2DM, to compare the anti-diabetic effect of SG, DJB and IT in non-obese T2DM animal model, and lastly, to review of outcomes of morbidly obese patients who underwent SG in authors’ institution. Methods: Survey was conducted using questionnaire for interview of both doctors and patients to investigate their knowledge and attitudes toward surgical treatment of T2DM. The anti-diabetic effects of novel surgical procedures SG, DJB and IT were compared using non-obese T2DM animal model (Goto Kakizaki rats). The outcomes were evaluation by measuring fasting glucose and glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels. Other parameters including alteration in gut hormones and lipid profile were also analyzed. The outcomes of morbidly obese patients who underwent laparoscopic SG in last 5 years in the authors’ institution were retrospectively reviewed. Results: The knowledge of bariatric and metabolic surgery was inadequate both in medical doctors and patients. The attitude and pattern of referral from medical doctors depends on the amount of knowledge. Patients’ attitudes were positive and they accept surgery as a treatment option for T2DM as long as they were provided with adequate information. This implies that tremendous educational works are required both for medical doctors and patients for the development of bariatric and metabolic surgery in Hong Kong. All 3 procedures (SG, DJB and IT) significantly improved glucose homeostasis and the effect was more potent and durable in DJB and IT than SG. The improved glucose homeostasis in IT was resulted from increased GLP-1 and PYY secretion (hindgut theory). In DJB, GIP, GLP-1 and PYY were raised and the anti-diabetic effect could be explained both by the foregut and hindgut theories. SG reduced the diet triglyceride absorption. DJB reduced cholesterol absorption whereas IT reduced cholesterol but increase triglyceride absorption. The outcomes of SG for T2DM for morbidly obese patients were promising. More than 90% patients had T2DM ameliorated and 70% had complete remission. SG can effectively control the body weight of morbidly obese patients. Conclusion: Education, both to doctors and patients, was crucial to overcome the potential obstacles for the development of this newly specialty. The anti-diabetic effects of DJB and IT were more potent than SG in non-obese diabetic animal model. The lipid absorption varied in different surgical procedures. Application of these procedures in non-obese T2DM patients warrants individual consideration and further investigation. SG in the authors’ institution was effective to induce T2DM remission in morbidly obese patients.
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Surgery
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy

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19

Henderson, Amy Elizabeth. "Can the Consumption of Fruits Containing Anthocyanins Reduce the Risk of Developing Type 2 Diabetes?" Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2007. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/HendersonAE2007.pdf.

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20

Hutton, Stacy Lynn. "Perceptions of control and social cognitive theory understanding adherence to a diabetes treatment regimen /". Electronic thesis, 2002. http://dspace.zsr.wfu.edu/jspui/handle/10339/193.

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21

Jones, Richard Huw. "Developmental programming of type 2 diabetes associated genes". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.608954.

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22

Davoren, Peter M. "The role of non-esterified fatty acids in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus". Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.323655.

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23

Song, Xiao Mei. "Insulin signal transduction in skeletal muscle : special consideration for insulin resistance and diabetes /". Stockholm, 2000. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2000/91-628-4502-0/.

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24

Billingham, M. S. "Lipoprotein subfraction composition in Type 2 (non-insulin dependent) diabetes mellitus". Thesis, Open University, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.233326.

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25

Dean, John Duncan. "Lipoprotein metabolism and macrovascular disease in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus". Thesis, University of Leicester, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/34322.

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A case control study comparing fasting lipid and apolipoprotein concentrations in NIDDM patients and normal control subjects matched for age, sex and body mass, reveals abnormalities of high density lipoproteins and apolipoprotein B containing lipoproteins despite hypoglycaemic therapy. HDL cholesterol concentration is reduced in these NIDDM patients, whilst apolipoprotein concentrations are similar to the controls. Therefore HDL particles may be cholesterol poor, possibly reflecting reduced reverse cholesterol transport. LDL cholesterol concentration may also be reduced in these patients whilst apolipoprotein B concentrations are similar to controls. Therefore cholesterol content of apo B containing lipoproteins may also be reduced in these patients, helped by their low fat high fibre diets and relatively good glycaemic control. The ratio of HDL cholesterol to non HDL cholesterol is reduced in the NIDDM patients suggesting continued atherosclerotic risk, but the apo AI:apo B ratio is normal. The relationship between these two risk ratios is altered in the NIDDM patients and they therefore require reassessment as risk indices in such patients. Simple assay systems reveal lipoprotein compositional abnormalities and may be useful in the management of NIDDM patients. Fasting lipoprotein abnormalities are also shown to be associated with macrovascular disease in treated NIDDM patients. An association is seen between the presence of macrovascular disease and increased serum triglyceride concentrations and a low apoB:non HDL cholesterol ratio suggesting relative cholesterol enrichment of apo B containing lipoproteins. Associations with macrovascular disease are also seen with a higher body mass, increased systolic blood pressure and smoking. In male NIDDM patients studied the presence of macrovascular disease is associated with a high HbA1 in addition to the above factors but not with BMI. In multivariate analysis in addition to the above factors a high non HDL cholesterol is associated with macrovascular disease in all patients or male patients alone, as is a low HDL cholesterol and high apo AI:HDL cholesterol ratio suggesting cholesterol poor HDL particles in male patients. Smoking habit and a high cholesterol content of apo B containing lipoproteins are independently associated with macrovascular disease in the whole group or in male patients alone. The precise lipoprotein subfraction abnormality underlying this abnormal ratio is unclear. Smoking combines with lipoprotein abnormalities to increase the risk of macrovascular disease in these patients. No other potential risk factors are associated with macrovascular disease in the patients studied. Lipoprotein concentration and composition changes postprandially. Following a normal mixed meal there is a similar rise in triglyceride rich lipoproteins and fall in LDL and HDL cholesterol content in treated NIDDM patients and normal subjects of similar age and body mass. The postprandial increase in HDL triglyceride seen in normal subjects is less apparent in NIDDM patients but their LDL and HDL are already slightly triglyceride rich in the fasted state. Thus the reductions in cholesterol in LDL and HDL in these patients enhances the triglyceride richness of their core, and thus may exacerbate the atherogenic nature of these particles. The rise in TRL is related to glycaemia. NIDDM patients with coronary artery disease have abnormal fasting lipoprotein concentration and composition but these abnormalities are accentuated in the postprandial state, when compared to similarly treated NIDDM patients with no detectable macrovascular disease. They have a greater postprandial increase in triglyceride rich lipoprotein triglyceride, and a greater reduction in HDL cholesterol despite similar fasting HDL cholesterol levels. HDL triglyceride is increased in the fasting and postprandial state in patients with coronary artery disease compared to those with no macrovascular disease. Despite differences in fasting LDL concentrations between these two groups postprandially changes in LDL are similar. Patients with coronary artery disease also have worse glycaemic control and higher insulinaemia. An association is therefore described between macrovascular disease and potentially atherogenic lipoprotein abnormalities both in the fasting state and postprandially in NIDDM patients treated with diet alone or diet and sulphonylureas.

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26

Bagstaff, Stephanie M. "Hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance in cultured human muscle cells". Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270177.

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27

Petrie, John Ross. "Serum insulin concentrations, insulin sensitivity, and endothelial function in essential hypertension and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus". Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1997. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/2846/.

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A series of studies is described in which specific and conventional insulin immunoassays, the hyperinsulinaemic clamp technique and forearm venous occlusion plethysmography with local intra-arterial infusions have been used to investigate: the effect of insulin assay specificity on the relationships among serum insulin concentrations, insulin sensitivity, and blood pressure in diabetic and non-diabetic subjects with and without essential hypertension (Chapter 5) the effect of sustained physiological activation of the renin-angiotensin system induced by moderate dietary sodium restriction on insulin sensitivity in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (Chapter 6) the relationship between endothelial function and insulin sensitivity in healthy subjects (Chapter 7) Prior to these investigations, preliminary studies (Chapters 3 and 4) were performed in order to validate aspects of the clinical physiological techniques required for the measurement of blood flow and insulin sensitivity. The reproducibility of bilateral forearm venous occlusion plethysmography Studies using this technique to measure changes in forearm blood flow (FBF) during intra-arterial infusions of vasoactive substances often report changes in blood flow ratio (expressing responses in the intervention arm as a ratio of responses in the control arm) rather than absolute values for flow. However, unilateral measurements are reported by other investigators, and the possibility was considered that the method used for expressing responses might influence the conclusions reached. A reproducibility study was performed (Chapter 3) which demonstrated that the between-day intra-subject variability of bilateral forearm venous occlusion plethysmography (FBF ratios) was less than that of unilateral FBF measurements. The bilateral technique was used thereafter where possible.

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28

Piekarz, Ana Veronica. "Developmental programming of type 2 diabetes and atherosclerosis". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609124.

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29

Zimmet, Paul. "Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus in Pacific populations--a major public health problem /". Title page, contents and summary only, 1988. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09M.D/09m.dz76.pdf.

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30

Katta, Anjaiah. "Lean and obese zucker rats exhibit different patterns of p70S6kinase regulation in the tibialis anterior muscle in response to high force muscle contraction". Huntington, WV : [Marshall University Libraries], 2007. http://www.marshall.edu/etd/descript.asp?ref=814.

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31

Branvold, Devon J. "Regulation of LKB1-STRAD-MO25 complex expression and activation of AMPK in skeletal muscle by thyroid hormone /". Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2007. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1950.pdf.

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32

Dann, Fiona. "Type 2 diabetes and depression : an exploration into the most effective depression screen to be used in a type 2 diabetes population /". [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18463.pdf.

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33

Caleyachetty, Rishiraj. "Cumulative social risk during childhood and type 2 diabetes in adult life : findings from the EPIC-Norfolk cohort study". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708702.

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34

Alhamali, Abubaker Mohamed Zidan. "Carbohydrate composition of low density lipoprotein in non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus". Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341464.

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Wong, Winnie Manlai. "Chinese Immigrants with Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus: Nutritional Self-Management Approach". NSUWorks, 2019. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/hpd_con_stuetd/54.

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Background: Chinese immigrants (CIs) with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) generally have poor control in their diet regimen. Due to the variation in body mass, physiology, and cultural differences as compare with the general American population, special attention must be conducted in treating diabetes in Cis, emphasizing culturally sensitive care and nutrition therapy that acknowledge the differences. Purpose: The purpose of this project was to assess cultural challenges in self-management for CIs living with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus and evaluate the effectiveness of a diabetic nutritional self-management guide tailored to this population. Theoretical Framework: Havelock’s theory of change is a model emphasized for understanding and intervening of the possibility that people might be resistant to behavior changes. Methods: Thirty-five foreign-born CIs were selected. The project was comprised of two phases to include pretest and posttest self-assessment questionnaires in addition to pretest and posttest A1C levels to evaluate the effectiveness of a custom meal plan. Results: Result findings were non-significant. However, female CIs were noted to have superiority for diet management as compared with male CIs. The two groups had no significant difference in age and cultural characteristics. Conclusion: The goal of the implementation of this project was to improve self-care for Chinese diabetic patients through behavior training and change in policy making. Social and cultural norms were identified that had great influence on an individual’s overall health knowledge. Increasing health care providers’ overall cultural competency was expected to promote better health outcome and ease the complexity of the acculturation process. However, the management of the diet did not have a significant change for the improvement of A1c. Future recommendations include the exploration of the immensity of change in cultural diet and acculturation.

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Smith, Lauren Marie. "Lean on Me: Social Support Compensation and Risk of Death in Older Adults with Type 2 Diabetes". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2014. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc700048/.

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Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) has an estimated incidence of nearly 11 million US adults aged 65 years and older. Evidence suggests that the quality of the marital relationship is an important factor for diabetes related health outcomes affecting self-management and adherence (Kiecolt-Glaser & Newton, 2001). However, an individual in need may compensate for primary support that is unavailable or not optimal by looking for other sources of support, which may be important for health outcomes (Rini, et al., 2008). The present study examined compensation for poor spousal support through other social relationships. A total of 12,640 participants reported they had diabetes and were married (Male = 6,317 and Female = 6,323), and of this group 1,084 men and 583 women had died over the course of the study period. Women reported lower spousal support, but significantly more aggregated social support across relationships than men. Few persons reported low spousal support and low support compensation, rendering the cell sizes highly unequal and the associated data uninterpretable. Ancillary analyses were conducted with the idea that some variance in total compensation support may moderate mortality risk finding that higher aggregated social support across non-spousal relationships was associated with lower risk of death accounting for ~3% of the variance in the final model. The current findings demonstrate how an individual can compensate for a poor primary support relationship through a broader support network. These findings should guide future research to focus on how individuals build, maintain, and seek support from social relationships.

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37

Belfer, Bonnee. "Factors associated with diet behaviour among individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus attending an outpatient clinic". Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=80224.

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Diet recommendations to achieve target metabolic control for prevention of micro and macrovascular complications have been outlined. Although previous studies in individuals with type 2 diabetes have identified certain factors associated with adherence to diet recommendations, adherence is multi-factorial in nature and includes demographic, biological and psychosocial variables. Our main objective was to identify factors associated With dietary behaviour among individuals with type 2 diabetes attending an out-patient clinic. Furthermore, we attempted to identify factors associated with frequency of seeing the dietitian and stages of change far lower fat intake. Principal hypothesis: those who are younger, female, lower in body mass index (BMI), higher in education level, exposed to a dietitian in the past year, higher in stage of change, having greater nutrition knowledge, greater perception of risk and benefits as well as fewer perceived barriers, would consume less total and saturated fat. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

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Madubedube, Jabulisile Happiness. "The role of FTO, ENPP1 and TCF7L2 in the pathogenesis of diabetes in an adult population from Bellville South, Cape Town, South Africa". Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1509.

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Thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Masters in Technology: Biomedical Sciences in the Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology 2015
Background: The Mixed Ancestry population of South Africa has recently been reported to have a higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). However, the genetic risk factors that may contribute to the development of T2DM are currently unknown. We investigated the association of fat mass and obesity-associated gene (FTO), ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase gene (ENPP1) and transcription factor 7-like 2 gene (TCF7L2) with T2DM risk in a community residing in Bellville South, Cape Town. Methods: Five hundred and sixty six participants (11.7% males) who consented to genetic analyses were genotyped for six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs): ENPP1-rs997509 and -rs1044498, FTO-9941349 and -rs3751812, TCF7L2-rs12255372 and -rs7903146. The SNPs were genotyped using their corresponding Taqman genotyping assays, and validated by automated sequencing. Allele and genotype frequencies were determined and regression analyses was conducted to assess the association of the polymorphisms with T2DM and its related,traits. Results: Overall and in subgroups defined by diabetes and obesity statuses, there were present no significant differences in the distribution of alleles and genotypes, except for the polymorphisms observed in the FTO and ENPP1 genes. In logistic regression models adjusted for age, sex, body mass index (BMI) and insulin resistance, minor alleles of ENPP1-rs997509 and ENPP1-rs1044498 were associated with risk for T2DM respectively, 4.55 (1.06-19.49) (p=0.041) and 1.81 (1.09-2.98) (p=0.021) assuming a recessive genetic model. Furthermore, the FTO rs9941349 minor allele was associated with the prevalent T2DM under the log-additive model: 1.40 (1.00 to 1.96) (0.049). The TCF7L2 polymorphisms showed no evidence of association with T2DM and/or insulin sensitivity/resistance indicators. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that ENPP1 and FTO polymorphisms may contribute to T2DM susceptibility in this population, confirming previous findings that insulin resistance may mediate the development of the disease in the Mixed Ancestry population group of South Africa.

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39

Keller, Heather. "The effect of P:S ratio on glycemic control and insulin sensitivity in NIDDM /". Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=60533.

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The independent effect of a high polyunsaturated:saturated fat (P:S) diet on glycemic control in humans has been poorly studied. We propose that a P:S $>$ 1.0 vs P:S 1.0 vs. P:S 1.0. HDL and IGFl were significantly lower with the P:S $>$ 1.0. Si was unaffected by the P:S difference, however, trends towards decreased Sg and increased insulin secretion were seen with P:S $>$ 1.0. The small sample size limits the making of firm conclusions, however, it suggests that glycemic control may be improved through increased insulin secretion a result of an increase in P:S.

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40

Fakhrai-Rad, Hossein. "Identification and characterization of candidate genes for type 2 diabetes in the GK rat /". Stockholm, 1999. http://diss.kib.ki.se/1999/91-628-3838-5/.

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41

Godino, Job Gideon. "The impact of personalised information about physical activity and risk of type 2 diabetes". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648182.

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42

Stewart, Murray Willis. "Lipoprotein compositional abnormalities in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus patients with mild hyperlipidaemia". Thesis, University of Southampton, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.296467.

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43

Lindgren, Björn. "Regulation of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) and implications in catabolic conditions /". Stockholm, 1997. http://diss.kib.ki.se/1997/91-628-2411-2/.

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Guenifi, Amel. "Mechanisms of impaired insulin release in type-2 diabetes : studies in the GK rat model /". Stockholm, 1999. http://diss.kib.ki.se/1999/91-628-3821-0/.

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45

Higham, Claire Emily. "Biophysical properties, fibril formation and processing of islet amyloid polypeptide". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.312105.

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46

Breen, Maria Adrienne. "Molecular characterisation of the calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II of human islets of Langerhans". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.337543.

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47

Christopherson, Tanya. "Assessment of risk factors for developing type 2 diabetes mellitus in Hmong Americans from Dunn County, Wisconsin". Online version, 2009. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2009/2009christophersont.pdf.

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Tovi, Jonas. "Insulin treatment of elderly type 2 diabetic patients /". Stockholm, 1998. http://diss.kib.ki.se/1998/91-628-3237-9/.

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Li, Luosheng. "Molecular genetics of type 2 diabetes /". Stockholm, 2002. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2002/91-7349-194-2/.

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50

Alcozer, Francesca Romalda. "The experiences of Mexican American women with type 2 diabetes /". Digital version accessible at:, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

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