Literatura académica sobre el tema "Nino Pisano"

This study aims to determine the impact of El Nino on income of banana farmers and identifying mitigation of banana farmers to reduce the impact of El Nino. The research is conducted in Ketapang Sub District, Southern Lampung. The respondents are 49 banana farmers. The first objective was analyzed by income, and t-test indicators. The second objective is analyzed descriptively by mitigation undertook by farmers. The results showed that El Nino had significant impact on income of banana farmer in Ketapang Sub District of South Lampung in which income of banana farmers decreased by 37.85 percent. The mitigation done by banana farmers during El Nino were to reduce the banana seedlings, cut the banana leaves and not to use pesticides. Key words: Banana farming, El Nino, impact, welfare analysis

Background : Anaerobic muscle fatigue occurs due to accumulation of lactic acid, causing soreness and reduced muscle contraction. Raja banana (Musa paradisiaca var. Sapientum L.) and Ambon banana (Musa paradisiaca var. Sapientum (L.) Kunt.) are high in carbohydrate and potassium which are involved in increasing blood glucose, thus consuming bananas before exercising may help prevent muscle fatigue.This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of Raja and Ambon bananas on anaerobic. muscle fatigue index of adolescents in football school.Methods :This study was a quasi-experimentusingthe posttest-only with control group design.Thirty-nine male adolescents aged 15-18 years at Terang Bangsa and Satria Kencana Serasi football schools were recruited and classified into 3 groups: control (240 ml of mineral water), group I (150 g Raja banana fruit), and group II (150 g of Ambon banana fruit). Anaerobic muscle fatigue was measured by Running-base Anaerobic Sprint Test (RAST) to calculate Anaerobic Fatigue (AF) value. Data were analyzed by One way ANOVA and ANCOVA test.Results :The average AF index in control group (11.53±2.20) was significantly different with group I (4.30±0.80; p=0.001), and group I with group II (9.76 ± 2.34; p=0,001). However not significantly different between the averageAF Index of control group withgroup II.Conclusion :There is a significant difference in the effectiveness of Raja and Ambon banana on reducing anaerobic muscle fatigue for adolescents in football school. Raja banana demonstratedbetter effects on muscle fatiguein comparison withAmbon banana.

Bananas is a kind of fruit that has many benefits and economic value. However, because it is perishable, an unappropriate post-harvest handling will decreasing the economic value. Many factors affect the ripening of bananas, one of it is ethylene gas. The ethylene gas that contained in the banana flows from the higher concentration to the lower one. The flow should be controlled in order to make it decaying properly. Temperature is a parameter that affects the flow of ethylene. This research offers storage temperature regulation such that the life time of banana could be extended. A mathematical model that represents the ethylene flow among the subpopulations is discussed. The population are devided into sub-population of unripe bananas, normal ripe bananas, ripe bananas wounds, and rotten bananas. The Stability of the model is evaluated in the critical point by Jacobian matrix and the Routh Hurwitz Criteria. The control is design by minimizing the temperature parameters using the Pontryagin Minimum Principle. Simulation is ilustrated in four cases, the firts case is no bananas wound initially, second case is no bananas rot initially, third case is no ripened normal bananas initially, and the fourth case is the bananas ripe initially exiting. The simulations shows that before controling the temperature, in the amount of 120 bananas of firts case, the proces is condcuted in sixteen days, ten days for the second case, nine days for the third case, and eight days for the fourth case. After controling the temperature, for some amount of bananas of firts case, the proces is conduted in seventeen days, eleven days for the second case, ten days for the third case, and nine days for the fourth case.

Analisis genetik isolat-isolat cendawan Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) VCG 01213/16 penyebab penyakit layu pada tanaman pisang menunjukkan adanya keragaman yang nyata. Penelitian bertujuan mempelajari keragaman virulensi isolat-isolat yang terkelompok dalam VCG 01213/16, berasal dari berbagai daerah dan varietas pisang yang berbeda. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Penyakit dan Rumah Kasa Balai Penelitian Tanaman Buah Tropika (Balitbu Tropika) Solok, dari bulan Maret sampai dengan Juni 2009. Rancangan yang digunakan ialah acak kelompok dengan 10 perlakuan dan tiga ulangan, masing-masing perlakuan terdiri atas 10 tanaman. Perlakuan terdiri atas 10 isolat Foc VCG 01213/16 yang berasal dari varietas pisang dan lokasi berbeda. Tanaman uji ialah benih pisang Barangan hasil perbanyakan kultur jaringan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat keragaman virulensi 10 isolat Foc VCG 01213/16 yang dinilai dari perbedaan masa inkubasi, persentase serangan, dan indeks keparahan penyakit pada bonggol dan daun pisang Barangan. Sembilan isolat Foc yang diuji mempunyai virulensi yang tinggi. Masa inkubasi berkisar antara 13,98 dan 16,80 hari, persentase serangan 93,33-100%, dan indeks keparahan penyakit pada bonggol dan daun masing-masing berkisar 3,46-5,35 dan 4,68-5,41. Isolat Foc VCG 01213/16 yang berasal dari Jabung-Lampung Timur dan diisolasi dari pisang varietas Ambon Kuning (isolat F) menunjukkan virulensi yang relatif lebih rendah dibanding sembilan isolat Foc lainnya dengan masa inkubasi 30,27 hari, indeks keparahan penyakit pada bonggol dan daun masing-masing sebesar 2,14 dan 3,76. Hasil penelitian ini bermanfaat dalam memberikan informasi tentang biologi F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense sebagai dasar untuk penyusunan teknik pengendalian yang tepat.<br /><br /><br />Genetic analysis of isolates of the Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) that are grouped in VCG 01213/16, as the causal agent of wilt disease in banana plants showed a considerable variation. This research aimed to study the variation in virulence of isolates that are grouped in VCG 01213/16 from different varieties of banana and regions. The study was conducted in the Protection Laboratory and the Screenhouse of Indonesian Tropical Fruit Research Institute (ITFRI) Solok, from March to June 2009. A randomized block design was used in this research with 10 treatments and three replications. Each treatments consisted of 10 banana plants. The treatment was 10 Foc isolates belonging to VCG 01213/16 originating from different varieties of banana and locations. Barangan plantlets produced from tissue culture propagation were used as the planting material. The results showed that there were high variations in virulence among 10 Foc isolates in VCG 01213/16 based on variables of the incubation period, percentage of wilt, and disease severity index on corm and leaves of Barangan variety. Nine of the 10 Foc isolates tested were highly virulent isolates. The incubation period ranged from 13.98 to 16.80 days, the percentage of wilt from 93.33 to 100%, and the disease severity index of corm and leaves ranged from 3.46 to 5.35 and from 4.68 to 5.41, respectively. The Foc VCG 01213/16 isolates originated from Jabung, East Lampung and from Ambon Kuning variety (isolate F) shown relatively low virulence than others isolates that the incubation period was 30.27 days and the disease severity index on the corm and leaves was 2.14 and 3.76, respectively. This result provides useful information on biology of F. oxysprum f. sp. cubense to find out the best control method of the pathogen.<br /><br />

The main obstacles in the commercialization of seedlings mass propagation through tissue culture techniques is the high cost of the culture media component. therefore, the production of lowcost tissue culture is required. This study aims to develop low cost in-vitro media for the production of the seedlings of Barangan banana. The research was composed following Factorial Completely Randomized Design, the first factor was Terra Novalgro liquid fertilizer with three concentrations, namely 1, 2, and 3 ml L-1, while the second factor was Gandasil with 3 concentrations namely 1, 2, and 3 mg L-1, so obtained nine treatments, each treatment was repeated 10 times, so that there were 90 experimental units. MS media was used as control. The parameter observed was number of shoots, number of leaves and number of roots. The results of this study exhibited that the treatment of 1 ml L-1 liquid fertilizer + 2 mg L-1 foliar fertilizer produced 9.30 shoots/explant and 1.90 leaves/explant, that no significantly different from MS medium (control) which produced 9.0 shoots/explant and 0.3 leaves/explants. Therefore, the using completed liquid fertilizers and foliar fertilizers as medium in vitro propagation of barangan bananas can become an alternative replace MS medium, as well as reduced the cost of culture media as 91% -93% compared to MS media.

ABSTRAK. Penyakit layu yang disebabkan oleh cendawan Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) merupakan penyakit paling berbahaya pada tanaman pisang. Untuk mendapatkan teknik pengendalian yang tepat, maka informasi tentang distribusi dan karakter biologi patogen tersebut perlu diketahui. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui distribusi penyakit layu Fusarium di Provinsi Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam (NAD) dan varietas pisang yang diserangnya serta mengidentifikasi isolat Foc berdasarkan analisis vegetative compatibility group (VCG). Survei dan pengumpulan sampel tanaman pisang terserang penyakit dilakukan pada bulan Januari 2007 dan Juli 2008. Isolasi dan pemurnian isolat dilakukan di Laboratorium Hama dan Penyakit Tanaman, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Buah (Balitbu) Tropika Solok pada bulan Februari 2007 dan Agustus 2008. Analisis VCG dilakukan di Departement of Primary Industry, Plant Pathology Section, Indooroopilli Australia dan Laboratorium Hama dan Penyakit Tanaman Balai Penelitian Tanaman Buah Tropika sejak bulan Juli 2007 sampai bulan Juli 2009. Tester VCG berjumlah 17 nomor yang berasal dari Department of Primary Industry, Plant Pathology Section, Indooroopilli Australia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penyakit layu Fusarium ditemukan di semua lokasi pengamatan di Provinsi NAD pada empat varietas pisang, yaitu Barangan (AAA), Raja (AAB), Kepok (ABB/BBB), dan Siem (ABB). Dari 50 isolat Foc yang dikoleksi terkelompok ke dalam dua VCG, 37 isolat (74%) termasuk dalam VCG 01213/16 (Tropical Race 4), ditemukan pada tiga varietas (Barangan, Kepok, dan Raja), sembilan isolat masuk VCG 01218 (Ras 1) ditemukan hanya pada varietas Siem, sedangkan VCG empat isolat yang menyerang pisang varietas Siem belum ditemukan. Foc VCGs 01213/16 (TR4) paling dominan ditemukan di Provinsi NAD, baik dari jumlah, sebaran lokasi, maupun ragam varietas yang diserangnya. Data ini menginformasikan bahwa pengembangan tanaman pisang di Provinsi NAD harus dilakukan secara selektif serta mempertimbangkan langkah-langkah preventif dan pengendalian yang tepat.<br /><br />ABSTRACT. Jumjunidang, Edison, Riska, and Hermanto, C 2012. Fusarium Wilt Disease on Banana in NAD Province: Distribution and Identification of Isolates through Vegetative Compatibility Group Analysis. Wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) is the most dangerous pathogen on banana. Knowledge of the distribution and biological characters of the pathogen is very important to arrange an effective control technique. The objectives of this study were to reveal distribution of Fusarium wilt disease in Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam (NAD) Province and infected banana varieties as well as to identify of Foc isolates with vegetative compatibility group (VCG) analysis Survey and collection of samples of infected banana plants in NAD Province were carried out in January 2007 and July 2008. Isolation and purification of the isolates with single spore techniques were done at Plant Protection Laboratory of Indonesian Tropical Fruit Research Institute (ITFRI), Solok in February 2007 and August 2008. Vegetative compatibility group analysis was performed at Department of Primary Industry, Plant Pathology Section, Indooroopilli Australia and Plant Protection Laboratory of ITFRI from July 2007 to July 2009. Seventeen VCG testers were originated from Department of Primary Industry, Plant Pathology Section, Indooroopilli Australia. The results showed that Fusarium wilt disease was found in all surveyed locations in NAD Province on four banana varieties, i.e. Barangan (AAA), Raja (AAB), Kepok (ABB/BBB), and Siem (ABB). Fifty isolates of the pathogen Foc have been collected and grouped into two VCGs, 37 isolates (74%) were grouped into VCG 01213/16 (Tropical Race 4) attacking three varieties (Barangan, Kepok, and Raja), nine isolates were clustered into VCG 01218 (Race 1) attacking Siem variety only, and the other four isolates from Siem variety had not been identified yet. Foc VCG 01213/16 (TR4) was very dominant in NAD Province, in terms of numbers, location, and distribution of attacked varieties. These findings inform that the development of banana plants in the NAD province should be done selectively and consider both preventive measures and appropriate controls.<br />

<p>Horticultural products (fruits, vegetables and ornamental crops) which have high competitiveness and added value, require supporting appropriate cultivation technology. The objective of this paper was to sort out adaptive technologies that can be implemented for horticultural cultivation, especially on dry land, to minimize yield loss due to climate changes. Horticultural crops in dry lands faced various problems. Characteristics of horticultural crops, among others were easily damage, bulky, sensitive to water stress and the incidence of pests and diseases. Another issue that has begun to happen in the field is the occurrence of extreme climate change, especially El Nino or La Nina that caused crop failures, damage to agricultural land resources, increased in frequency, extent, and intensity of drought, increased moisture, increased in the susceptibility to pests and the disease. Thus the integrated efforts that are needed in strengthening the capability of dry land to face climate change are by the application of adaptative technology, drafting disaster mitigation concepts, observing climate change, policy analysis related to the application of adaptive technology on climate change. The discussed Horticulture Commodities are focused on economically profitable crops, including: vegetables (potatoes, shallots, chili), fruits (bananas, citrus and melons) and ornamental crops (chrysanthemums, orchids, Polycias and Gerbera) scattered in two zoning zones where namely (i) lowland (0-600 meters above sea level); (ii) highlands (&gt; 600 meters above sea level) and (iii) in both elevations of the site which have wet climates and dry climates. Attempsto be made to promote horticultural crops include performing water-efficient irrigation (drip irrigation), mulching, the use of shading on certain crops, proper fertilization, the use of organic fertilizer, planting system and planting distance, and tolerant varieties. Some adaptative technologies that can be adopted for horticultural crops include (1) developing watersaving irrigation technologies (drip and sprinkler irrigation on shallots), (2) applying healthy crop cultivation (good quality seeds, variety tolerant to disease and sub-optimal environment for tomatoes, red or hot chilli shallots and bananas), (3) using environmentally friendly chemical control (concept of threshold control in red or hot chilli), (4) protecting yield and quality of harvest (the use of silver black mulch on shallots and melons, and the use of shade for ornamental plants on dry land).</p><p>Keywords: Horticulture, climate change, upland, adaptation technology</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Sistem produksi hortikultura (buah buahan, sayuran, dan tanaman hias) yang berdaya saing tinggi dan bernilai tambah memerlukan dukungan teknologi. Tulisan ini merangkum teknologi adaptasi komoditas hortikultura pada lahan kering dalam upaya meminimalisasi tingkat kehilangan hasil akibat perubahan iklim. Usaha tani tanaman hortikultura pada lahan kering dihadapkan pada berbagai masalah, di antaranya tanaman mudah dan cepat rusak, sensitif terhadap cekaman lingkungan, dan rentan terhadap hama dan penyakit. Masalah lain yang berdampak negatif terhadap sistem produksi komoditas hortikultura ialah perubahan iklim ekstrem, terutama el-nino dan la-nina. Perubahan iklim tidak hanya menyebabkan kegagalan panen, tetapi juga merusak sumber daya lahan pertanian, meningkatkan luas areal dan intensitas tanaman yang mengalami kekeringan, meningkatkan kelembaban, dan perkembangan hama dan penyakit tanaman. Oleh karena itu diperlukan integrasi pengelolaan lahan dan aplikasi teknologi adaptif perubahan iklim, penyusunan konsep mitigasi bencana, observasi perubahan iklim, dan analisis kebijakan yang terkait dengan aplikasi teknologi adaptasi terhadap perubahan iklim. Pembahasan difokuskan pada tanaman yang secara ekonomi menguntungkan, antara lain kentang, bawang merah, cabai untuk komoditas sayuran; pisang, jeruk, dan melon untuk komoditas buah-buahan; dan krisan, anggrek, polycias dan gerbera untuk tanaman hias. Komoditas hortikultura tersebut tersebar di dua zonasi ketinggian tempat, yakni dataran rendah (0–600 m dpl) dan dataran tinggi (&gt; 600 m dpl). Beberapa teknologi adaptasi yang dapat diadopsi di antaranya (1) irigasi hemat air (irigasi tetes dan irigasi curah pada bawang merah), (2) budi daya tanaman sehat (benih bermutu, varietas toleran penyakit dan lingkungan suboptimal untuk komoditas kentang, cabai, bawang merah, dan pisang, (3) pengendalian hama dan penyakit ramah lingkungan (konsep ambang pengendalian pada cabai, jeruk), dan (4) perlindungan hasil dan peningkatan kualitas hasil panen (penggunaan mulsa plastik hitam perak pada tanaman bawang merah dan melon, serta penggunaan naungan pada tanaman hias anggrek dan krisan). Kata kunci: hortikultura, perubahan iklim, lahan kering, teknologi adaptasi</p>

This paper examines scallop (Argopecten purpuratus) booms experienced in the Pisco-Paracas Region of southern Peru, triggered by the 1982-1983 and the 1997-1998 mega-El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events.The quiet fishing ports have been transformed by these booms, which have attracted outside stakeholders transforming the local society. Government institutions in their role as resource managers and environmental stewards have attempted to control access to a region that until recently contained the only marine protected area of Peru.This situation has led to rapid growth in the scallop industry, the overexploitation and depletion of the shellfish, creating a sustainability crisis. Furthermore, this paper examines contradictions and relationships across local, regional, national, and international scales.
Este trabajo examina los ciclos de expansión (boom) de la explotación de la concha de abanico (Argopecten purpuratus) observados en la región Pisco-Paracas del sur del Perú, resultantes de los fenómenos El Niño de 1982-1983 y 1997-1998.Los apacibles puertos de pesca han sido transformados por estos booms productivos que han atraído actores externos y han generado un impacto en la sociedad local. Las instituciones gubernamentales, en su papel de administradores de recursos y protectores del medio ambiente, han tratado de controlar el acceso a una región que hasta hace poco contenía la única área marina protegida del Perú.Esta situación ha producido un rápido crecimiento de la industria de la concha de abanico, su sobreexplotación y el agotamiento de dicho recurso, y ha producido una crisis de sostenibilidad. Asimismo, este trabajo examina las contradicciones y las relaciones entre las escalas local, regional, nacional e internacional.

This is a research study trying to find out the competencies of Afghan students in reading literacy at the end of grade nine i.e. compulsory educations in the country as well as to explore the responses of Afghan students on internationally developed and tested reading literacy items. This study is based on a field research through utilizing two test items from Program for International Assessment (PISA) and two items developed locally as written test. A total number of 338 school students in different districts of Kabul city participated in this research. The study also tried to look for differences among male and female, public and private and a comparison based on the medium of instruction as well as the result related to student factors e.g. parents education. The major findings of the study indicate a very low performance level of Afghan students in international test items. As reported the average score of the Afghan students participated in this study in PISA items is around 3 out of 10. If this test had been a final grade examination hardly any student could succeed to pass. Although, average score of students in locally developed test items goes beyond 5, but still indicate poor results. Making comparisons average score of male and female students in sampled schools of Kabul city shows that boys are slightly better than girls in PISA items while the result in local items is totally different and reveals better performance of girls. In additions the students with instruction language as Pashto did perform worse than those students with medium of instruction Dari, might be caused by weak teaching or low professional level of teachers in such schools. The classes with Pashto medium of language is established in various schools but this research shows lower performance level of students in such classes compared to classes with Dari medium of instruction. This could be due to limited availability of qualified Pashto speaking teachers as well as proper resources. Overall, the findings area is alarming when it comes to the low level of reading competencies of student compared to international averages. More likely not only weak teaching but also less pedagogically composed textbook may play an important role in these issues.
TEMP Afganistan

Objetivo: Comparar las resultados maternos a nivel de piso pélvico, con el uso del fórceps de Simpsom y el parto vaginal espontáneo en embarazo de alto riesgo. Material y Método: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo, analítico; un Estudio de Cohortes, en gestantes de alto riesgo; un primer grupo: parto con Fórceps (n=159), y el segundo: grupo con parto espontáneo (n = 159), el primero incluyó todos los partos instrumentados con fórceps, durante el año 2001- 2002, y el grupo control estuvo conformado por las gestantes de alto riesgo, atendidas por médico residentes o asistentes, que tuvieron su parto inmediatamente después del parto instrumentado (muestreo probabilístico sistemático). Las principales variables para el análisis fueron: edad materna, paridad, tipo de fórceps según la altura de presentación, variedad de Posición, criterio médico para el uso del fórceps, indicación medica para el uso del instrumento, morbilidad materna, desagarro perineal, desgarro cervical, desgarro vaginal Para el análisis se utilizó, el programa estadístico: SPSS 7.5 para Windows, las pruebas estadísticas usadas, fueron para las variables paramétricas la t de Student y para la variables no paramétricas la prueba de U Mann Whitney y Kruskal - Wallis, con un valor de p<0.05, para la significación estadística. Resultados: Los grupos formados fueron equivalentes; la indicación más frecuente para instrumentar fue la cesareada anterior una vez con un 40.2%; en relación a los resultados maternos, hubo diferencia con respecto a: episiotomías (p=0.000) desgarro cervical (p=0.048), desgarro vaginal (p=0.006), desgarro perineal (p=0.005), estancia hospitalaria materna(p=0.014); no hubo diferencia con la endometritis (p=0.648), atonía uterina (p=0.83), disminución de hematocrito (p=0.071). Conclusiones: Los resultados adversos a nivel de piso pélvico por el uso del Fórceps de Simpsom han sido: una mayor incidencia de desgarros cervicales y vaginales, estas relacionados a la variedad de posición y altura de presentación respectivamente, en el que se aplica el Fórceps.
Tesis de segunda especialidad

L’engouement du Moyen-Âge pour le mythe troyen se traduit tout particulièrement à travers sa figure centrale, Hector. Benoît de Sainte-Maure, qui s’appuie sur la tradition homérique telle que l’a transmise la littérature latine tardive (Ilias latina, Éphéméride de la guerre de Troie de Dictys de Crète, Histoire de la destruction de Troie de Darès le Phrygien), fait du fils de Priam le héros incontesté de son œuvre, le Roman de Troie, et glorifie les exploits de ce guerrier à la prouesse exemplaire. Ce texte constitue le jalon majeur de la construction du mythe d’Hector à l’époque médiévale, dont témoignent les réécritures en prose ou en vers, même si, parallèlement, l’histoire de Troie continue d’être transmise par le texte latin de Darès ou sa traduction. À ces deux traditions s’ajoute celle qui naît de l’œuvre de l’Italien Guido delle Colonne, l’Historia destructionis Troiae, réécriture latine du roman de Benoît au XIIIe siècle. Cependant la notoriété de la figure d’Hector s’exprime aussi dans des œuvres où le personnage tend à se dissocier du destin de sa cité et apparaît seul ou associé à d’autres héros, troyens ou non, pour servir de référence en terme de bravoure, ce qui lui vaut de figurer parmi les Neuf Preux. C’est pourquoi le personnage va continuer d’évoluer indépendamment du roman de Benoît et de ses réécritures directes, ce qui se perçoit aussi bien dans la chanson de geste que dans les récits arthuriens. Les valeurs qu’il incarne intéressent aussi bien l’auteur de l’Ovide moralisé que Christine de Pizan. Figure exemplaire, presque archétypale, Hector est aussi un personnage protéiforme dont l’histoire ne cesse d’être réécrite par la tradition médiévale
In the Middle Ages, the interest in the Trojan myth focuses particularly on its main character, Hector.Using the Homeric tradition inherited from the late Latin literature ( Ilias latina, Ephemeridos belli troiani by Dictys of Crete, De Excidio Troiae historia by Dares the Phrygian) as a basis to his work, Benoît de Sainte Maure makes Priam’s son the uncontested hero of his novel, The Roman de Troie, in which he praises the feats of this exceptional warrior.This text greatly contributes to the construction of Hector’s myth during the Middle Ages, as shown by its rewritings in prose or verse, although the story of Troy was also transmitted via Dares’ Latin text or its translation.In addition to these two traditions, another one appeared in the 13th century with the Italian Guido delle Colonne whose Historia Destructionis Troiae is a Latin rewriting of Benoît’s novel.However, Hector’s fame also asserts itself in other works in which the character tends to dissociate himself from his city’s destiny and appears alone or associated to other heroes, Trojan or not, to serve as a reference in terms of bravery, which earned him his place among the Nine Worthies.That is why this character continues to evolve independently from Benoit’s novel and its rewritings, as can be seen through epic poetry and Arthurian tales.Both Christine de Pizan and the author of Ovide moralisé take an interest in the values he embodies.Hector is a model, almost an archetypal figure as well as a character whose story never ceased being rewritten by Medieval tradition

La ricerca è dedicata alle tombe dei nove dogi di Venezia che ressero la Repubblica dal 1355 al 1413, con particolare riferimento agli scultori che le realizzarono. Le date sono state scelte a proposito: delimitano, innanzitutto, un periodo che si apre con la morte di Marino Falier e di Filippo Calendario, l'architetto di Palazzo Ducale, condannati a seguito della celebre congiura ordita contro lo Stato. A questo avvenimento chiave per la storia della Serenissima sono legate due circostanze importanti nella valutazione dei monumenti ducali considerati. Come ha ben illustrato Debra Pincus, nella sua monografia del 2000, i dogi, da quel momento, infatti, non avrebbero più ricevuto sepoltura nella basilica di San Marco, forse anche per un divieto imposto dal Maggior Consiglio: le loro tombe si trovano, o si trovavano, nelle chiese cittadine degli ordini mendicanti, i Santi Giovanni e Paolo, Santa Maria dei Frari e Santo Stefano, e in quelle che erano le parrocchie di riferimento del casato di appartenenza, la Celestia e Santa Marina. In secondo luogo, al 1355 va fatta risalire, come hanno chiarito Wolfgang Wolters (1976) e Guido Tigler (1999), la conclusione dei lavori per la decorazione scultorea delle due facciate di Palazzo Ducale, avviati negli anni quaranta del Trecento, che coincise con la violenta uscita dalla scena artistica veneziana di Filippo Calendario. Il 1413, invece, corrisponde alla fine del governo di Michele Steno il cui complesso funebre, nella tipologia, si rivela ancora legato a soluzioni diffuse nel secolo precedente, a differenza del sepolcro del successore Tommaso Mocenigo († 1423), di gusto rinascimentale. Lo studio di ciascun monumento, a cui è riservato un capitolo monografico, è stato orientato in maniera da mettere a fuoco le maestranze veneziane che ricevettero l'incarico di erigerli: per la loro valutazione stilistica, si è ritenuto, però, necessario anteporre alla questione attributiva la considerazione di altre problematiche. Ogni saggio inizia con un breve ritratto della vita del doge che introduce all'analisi del suo testamento - quando pervenuto - e che approfondisce il suo contesto familiare: in questo modo, infatti, è possibile chiarire la scelta del luogo per la sepoltura, chi furono i committenti delle tombe e avere delle date di riferimento per la loro cronologia. Ampio spazio si è dato, inoltre, alle manomissioni e alle traslazioni subìte, nel corso dei secoli, dai sepolcri: dalla ricerca emerge che tutti, con interventi più o meno invasivi, sono stati rimaneggiati, anche in tempi precoci. Questo lavoro permette di giudicarne correttamente l'attuale aspetto, di ipotizzarne la collocazione e forma originarie - quando non rispecchiano l'odierne - ma anche di contestualizzarli all'interno della facies funeraria medievale che caratterizzava l'edificio nel quale erano stati eretti e, per le perdute arche di Giovanni Gradenigo e di Lorenzo Celsi, di comprendere le circostanze che ne hanno causato la dispersione. Riguardo agli scultori coinvolti si conoscono i nomi di Nino Pisano, che realizzò le cinque statue del monumento di Marco Corner, su una delle quali rimane la sua firma, e di Andrea da San Felice, il lapicida di Venezia documentato autore di quelli di Giovanni Dolfin († 1361) e di Lorenzo Celsi († 1365). Anche per gli altri monumenti furono coinvolte maestranze lagunari che è possibile inserire, coerentemente, nella vasta produzione scultorea veneziana del Trecento e dell'inizio del secolo seguente che ha conosciuto, dopo Wolters, un moltiplicarsi di studi da parte, in particolare, di Laura Cavazzini, Wladimiro Dorigo, Aldo Galli, Renzo Grandi, Alberto Rizzi, Anna Maria Spiazzi e Guido Tigler. I protagonisti del contesto artistico veneziano, coevo alle tombe esaminate, furono Andriolo de' Santi (1342-1375), a cui si propone di riferire la tomba di Giovanni Gradenigo († 1356) e il progetto di quella di Marco Corner († 1368) e che si suggerisce di riconoscere come maestro di Andrea da San Felice, e i fratelli Pierpaolo e Jacobello Dalle Masegne (1383-1403/1409) che dovettero realizzare, all'inizio del XV secolo, il monumento funebre di Antonio Venier. I sepolcri di Andrea Contarini e di Michele Morosini, eretti attorno al 1382, si devono, invece, a scultori che appartengono alla generazione di lapicidi successiva all'ampia decorazione di Palazzo Ducale (1340-1355), mentre quello di Michele Steno ad un maestro contemporaneo a Filippo di Domenico.
The research regards the graves of the nine Doges of Venice who ruled the Republic from 1355 to 1413, with particular reference to the sculptors who realized them. The dates were chosen with the aim to define a period that opens with the death of Marino Falier and the architect of the Palazzo Ducale Filippo Calendario, both condemned after the famous conspiracy carried out against the State. This key event of the history of the Serenissima Republic, is hence connect with two important issues related with the analysis of the Ducal monuments taken into consideration. First of all since that moment on, as Debra Pincus well demonstrated in his monograph published in 2000, the doges were no longer buried in the Basilica of San Marco due probably to a ban imposed by the Great Council. Their graves are or were located in the city churches of the mendicant orders: at Saints John and Paul, Santa Maria dei Frari and St. Stephen; and in those parish churches connected with the relative House as Celestia and Santa Marina. Secondly as Wolfgang Wolters (1976) and Guido Tigler (1999) clarified, the completion of the sculptural decoration of the two sides of Palazzo Ducale, that begun during the Forties of the Fourteen century, can be traced back to 1355 and coincided with the violent passing of Filippo Calendario and his subsequent disappearing from the art scene of Venice. Nevertheless in 1413 at the end of the government of Michele Steno, the typology of his funerary complex, differently from the tomb of his successor Tommaso Mocenico (died in 1423) decorated in Renaissance style, still shows popular solutions linked to the previous century. The study of each monument was developed through a monograph chapter oriented to focus on the Venetian masters who where in charge of the construction, while for the stylistic analysis it was decided to put the attribution issue before any other matter. Each essay begins with a brief portrait of the Doge's life introducing, if documented, the analysis of his last will, and examining his family background: thanks to this was hence possible to explain the choice of the location for the burial and to understand who commissioned the graves and therefore set the reference dates for their history. The violations and removals carried out over the centuries on the tombs, were widely examined and the research shows that more or less invasive interventions, were done on all of them just in early times. This work allowed to judge precisely the current status of the monuments and to hypothesize both the original location and the shape, when they were different from the present situation, to actualize them into the medieval funerary facies characterizing the building in which they were built and finally, in the specific case of the lost arks of Giovanni Grandenigo and Lorenzo Celsi, to understand the conditions that caused their dispersion. With regards to the identity of the sculptors we know the names only of Nicola Pisano, who created the five statues of the monument of Marco Correr upon one of which he left his signature, and Andrea da San Felice, the stone-cutter from Venice just documented as the author of the tombs of Giovanni Dolfin (died 1361) and Lorenzo Celsi (died 1365). Even for the other monuments were involved those masters from Venice that can coherently be included into the wide panorama of the Venetian sculpture production between the Three Hundred and the beginning of the following century and that were object, after Wolters, of an increasing number of researches carried out in particular by Laura Cavazzini, Wladimiro Dorigo, Aldo Gali, Renzo Grandi, Alberto Rizzi, Anna Maria Spiazzi and Guido Tigler. The protagonists of the Venetian artistic context contemporary with the tombs examined, were Andriolo de' Santi (1342-1375), to which we propose the attribution of the tomb of Giovanni Gradenigo (died in 1356), the project for the Marco Corner's (died in 1368) one, and we suggest him to had been the master of Andrea da San Felice, and the brothers Pierpaolo and Jacobello Dalle Masegne (1383-1403/1409) who were supposed to have carried out tomb of Antonio Venier at the beginning of the fifteenth century. The tombs of Andrea Contarini and Michele Morosini, built around 1382, should be referred to sculptors belonging to the next generation of stone-cutters following the wide decoration of the Palazzo Ducale (1340-1355), while the tomb of Michele Steno should be attributed to a master contemporary with Filippo di Domenico.

This chapter examines curriculum supporting global competence and different perspectives included in the OECD's PISA 2018 Global Competence large-scale assessment. The nine perspectives of global competence covered were students' interest in learning about other cultures, awareness of global issues, attitudes toward immigrants, respect for people from other cultures, ability to understand the perspectives of others, self-efficacy in the context of global competence, sense of agency regarding global issues, awareness of intercultural communication, and cognitive adaptability. The responses of 180,114 students from the 26 OECD countries that completed the PISA 2018 global competence section were included as a sample. The empirical results indicate that the more curriculum covers global competence-related topics, the better it predicts different perspectives of global competence. The tested hypotheses revealed a significant relationship between curriculum supporting global competence and each studied perspective of global competence.

Southern Africa lies between 0°S to 35°S latitude and 10°E to 41°E longitude. In this region, annual rainfall ranges from below 20 mm along the western coastal areas of Namibia to as high as 3000 mm in some highland areas of Malawi. Rainfall generally increases from south to north in response to topography and the main rain-bearing systems affecting the subregion. In the southwest sections of the sub-region, annual rainfall averages below 400 mm, whereas the high-altitude areas receive up to 3000 mm due to orographic enhancement. Two important features that control the climate of southern Africa are the semipermanent subtropical high-pressure cells centered in the southeast Atlantic and the southwest Indian Ocean. These subtropical high pressure cells are associated with widespread and persistent subsidence (Lockwood, 1979). Part of southern Africa is under the downward leg of the Hadley Cell, superposed on the zonal Walker cell. The complex interaction of these cells, particularly during warm El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) episodes, is usually associated with drier than normal austral summers over much of southern Africa. Much of southern Africa is therefore semiarid and prone to recurrent droughts. In South Africa, for operational purposes, a drought is broadly defined as occurring when the seasonal rainfall is 70% or less of the long-term average (Bruwer, 1990; Du Pisani, 1990). It becomes a disaster or severe drought when two or more consecutive rainfall seasons experience drought. Drought affects some part of southern Africa virtually every year. Southern Africa has suffered recurrent droughts since record keeping began (Nicholson, 1989; Unganai, 1993). Severe drought periods included 1800– 30, 1840–50, 1870–90, 1910–15, 1921–25, 1930–50, 1965–75, and 1980–95. During some of these drought periods, rivers, swamps, and wells dried up and well-watered plains turned into barren lands. For Zimbabwe, the worst drought years were 1911–12, 1923–24, 1946–47, 1972–73, 1981–82, 1982–83, 1986–87, and 1991–92 (Zimbabwe Department of Meteorological Services, personal communication, 2002). During the severe and recurrent droughts of the 1980s and 1990s, the impact on vulnerable communities and the environment was catastrophic.

Abstract The occurrence of cavitation in a huge hydraulic supply system of a rolling mill which caused a severe defect in an axial piston pump is investigated by a mathematical model of the complex suction system. It comprises wave propagation in pipes and hoses, a detailed model of the pump including each of its nine cylinders, cavitation therein, the charge and discharge processes of these cylinders with the intake duct, and several accessories influencing the hydraulic processes. Results obtained by this model are compared with on-site experiments. Countermeasures which have been proposed are evaluated by our model and their practical examination is reported. Due to the strong nonlinearity of cavitation the dynamical system shows two attracting limit sets, one with and one without cavitation. The operating conditions of the original supply system cause startup conditions which do not lie in the basin of attraction of the non-cavitating attractor.

One of the major drawbacks of a hydraulic system is the disturbing noise generated by the hydraulic pump. Based on the accepted theory about noise generation in an axial piston pump, various studies suggesting modification of the port-plate relief groove geometry and addition of hydraulic attenuators have shown a limited success in reducing the noise. The noise level is still high and may not be acceptable for future applications. A recent industrial study shows that the noise apparently has relation with the torque acting on the input shaft of the axial piston pump. The primary objective of this paper is to describe a new method to reduce the noise level by varying the swash plate of the pump continuously to eliminate the torque ripple. The paper begins by deriving the equation of torque acting on the input shaft as a function of the average torque and the total number of pistons that are used within the rotating group. A control law is derived according to which if the swash plate is dithered, should give a constant shaft torque. By attenuating the torque ripple characteristics of the pump, other vibrational aspects of the pump are also expected to be reduced. The secondary objective of this paper is to present a Simulink® model of a nine piston pump to describe a functional pump. The swash plate control law earlier derived will be applied to this model to see the behavior of the output parameters like the shaft torque, output flow and pressure. The results will be investigated to see if any relationship exist between the pump torque ripple and pressure ripple, and the theory of pump noise attenuation by reduction in torque ripple will be corroborated.

Abstract A course on manufacturing materials and processes was improved by dividing it into units identified by automotive components such as the piston, body panel, and tail light. To teach around the cycle within each module, the “WHY”, “WHAT”, “HOW”, and “WHAT IF” teaching objectives are addressed and a variety of learning activities are utilized; e.g.. lecturing with visual aids, computer-aided instruction, guided laboratory tests, company visits, problem solving, design sessions, and team projects. Presented and discussed are the contents of the course introduction, nine automotive units, and two capstone experiences. Based upon student evaluations of the course, covering topics in a framework of automobile parts was appreciated. However, the most preferred learning activity was guided laboratory tests. Proposed future work includes the development of additional process laboratories and a CD on material-process-structure-properties interrelationships.

Abstract In this paper an axial piston pump is studied using numerical and experimental approaches. The pump, manufactured by the company Continental Hydraulic Inc., has a maximum operating pressure limit of 280 bar and a displacement of 65.9 cm3/rev; it is a variable swashplate design with nine-piston, suitable for open circuit application, medium to high pressure. Two numerical approaches have been compared to simulate the pump units. First of all, an accurate 3D -CFD model has been built up putting emphasis on the description of the detailed features of the flow through the unit. Specific attention has been reserved to the flow losses due to cavitation. Then a fast-lumped parameter approach has been built up focusing the attention on the valve plate geometry. Using the proposed numerical approaches, it is possible to fully understand the unit operation with, obviously, different assumptions and level of result details. Numerical models have been validated with an experimental data performed by the pump manufactured on their test ring with high agreement. As results, the proposed analysis permit to gain a high level of understanding of the operation of the unit finding the critical aspects and giving important information to the designer in order to improve the pump performance. By the end a new valve plate has been designed to improve the pump volumetric efficiency and to reduce the flow ripples and the reverse flow.

The Variable Displacement Linkage Pump (VDLP) uses an adjustable planar linkage to vary the displacement of the piston. Previous work focused on dynamic modeling of the pump at fixed displacements and therefore did not account for the displacement control method or the dynamics of changing displacement. One key application of the VDLP is in pressure compensated, high-pressure water hydraulics. This paper expands on previous modeling work to include the behavior of the hydro-mechanical pressure compensation valves and the displacement control linkage. The multi-domain dynamic model captures the fluid dynamics in the pumping chambers and poppet-style control valves; the dynamics of the control valves; and the kinematics and kinetics of the two degree-of-freedom nine-bar pump linkage. The dynamic model was exercised in a simulation of the pump responding to changing demands in the output flow rate. Simulation results showed that quick response times of 100 milliseconds to a step in the load were achieved. Overshoot of the displacement is damped using an orifice in the control line. A physical prototype of the VDLP was used to validate the simulation results.

In-cylinder reforming of injected fuel during an auxiliary negative valve overlap (NVO) period can be used to optimize main-cycle combustion phasing for low-load Low-Temperature Gasoline Combustion, where highly dilute mixtures can lead to poor combustion stability. The objective of this work is to examine the effects of reformate composition on main-cycle engine performance for a research gasoline. A custom alternate-fire sequence with nine pre-conditioning cycles was used to generate a common exhaust temperature and composition boundary condition for a cycle-of-interest. Performance metrics such as main-period combustion stability and total cycle efficiency were collected for these custom cycles. The NVO-produced reformate stream was also separately collected using a dump valve apparatus and characterized in detail using both gas chromatography and photoionization mass spectroscopy. To facilitate gas sample analysis, sampling experiments were conducted using a five-component gasoline surrogate (iso-octane, n-heptane, ethanol, 1-hexene, and toluene) that matched the molecular composition, 50% boiling point, and ignition characteristics of the research gasoline. For the gasoline, it was found that the most advanced NVO start-of-injection (SOI) led to the most advanced main-cycle 10% burn angle. The effect was more pronounced as the fraction of total fuel injected in the NVO period increased. With the most retarded NVO SOI, shorter residence times and piston spray impingement limited the opportunity for injected fuel decomposition. For the gasoline surrogate, the most advanced NVO SOI had reduced reactivity relative to more intermediate NVO SOI, which was attributed to rapid in-cylinder mixing that led to a large amount of fuel quench in the piston crevice. For all NVO periods, combustion phasing advanced as the main-period fueling decreased. Slower kinetics for leaner mixtures were offset by a combination of increased bulk-gas temperature from higher charge specific heat ratios and increased fuel reactivity due to higher charge reformate fractions.

By far the most common approach to describe flexible multi-body systems in industrial practice is the floating frame of reference formulation (FFRF) very often combined with the component mode synthesis (CMS) in order to reduce the number of flexible degrees of freedom. As a result of the relative formulation of the flexible deformation with respect to the reference frame, the mass matrix and the quadratic velocity vector are state-dependent, i.e. non-constant. This requires an evaluation of both the mass matrix and the quadratic velocity vector in every integration step, representing a considerable numerical cost. One way to avoid the state-dependency is to use an absolute formulation as proposed in [2], which was extended in [4] for the use of the same shape functions as used in the classical CMS approach. In this approach, referred to as generalized component mode synthesis (GCMS), the total absolute displacements are approximated directly. Consequently, the mass matrix is constant, there is no quadratic velocity vector and the stiffness matrix is a co-rotated constant matrix. However, it was shown that when using the same shape functions as in the classical CMS approach, nine times the number of degrees of freedom are necessary to describe the same deformation shapes as in the CMS. Even though the integration times of the CMS and GCMS are of the same order, as presented in [5], in technical systems the majority of components are constrained to motions with only one single large rotation. Therefore, in this work the GCMS is formulated for large rotations around a fixed spatial axis. This allows to reduce the number of necessary flexible shape functions to three times the number of CMS shape functions and, consequently, further increases numerical efficiency compared to the GCMS for arbitrary large rotations. A piston engine composed of three flexible bodies, two of which rotate, is used as a test example for the planar formulation. It is compared to the GCMS and a classical FFRF with CMS. The results agree very well, while the GCMS for planar rotations is about three times faster than the other formulations.

It is estimated by the experts in the automotive industry that diesel engines on the transport market should increase within the years to come due to their high thermal efficiency coupled with low carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, provided their nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulate emissions are reduced. At present, adequate after-treatments, NOx and particulates matter (PM) traps are developed and industrialized with still concerns about fuel economy, robustness, sensitivity to fuel sulfur and cost because of their complex and sophisticated control strategy. New combustion processes focused on clean diesel combustion are investigated for their potential to achieve near zero particulate and NOx emissions. Their main drawbacks are increased level of unburned hydrocarbons (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions, combustion control at high load and limited operating range and power output. In this work, cold flow simulations for a single cylinder of a nine-liter (6 cylinder × 1.5 lt.) diesel engine have been performed to find out flow development and turbulence generation in the piston-cylinder assembly. In this study, the goal is to understand the flow field and the combustion process in order to be able to suggest some improvements on the in-cylinder design of an engine. Therefore combustion simulations of the engine have been performed to find out flow development and emission generation in the cylinder. Moreover, the interaction of air motion with high-pressure fuel spray injected directly into the cylinder has also been carried out. A Lagrangian multiphase model has been applied to the in-cylinder spray-air motion interaction in a heavy-duty CI engine under direct injection conditions. A comprehensive model for atomization of liquid sprays under high injection pressures has been employed. The combustion is modeled via a new combustion model ECFM-3Z (Extended Coherent Flame Model) developed at IFP. Finally, a calculation on an engine configuration with compression, spray injection and combustion in a direct injection Diesel engine is presented. Further investigation has also been performed in-cylinder design parameters in a DI diesel engine that result in low emissions by effect of high turbulence level. The results are widely in agreement qualitatively with the previous experimental and computational studies in the literature.

Thermal-hydraulic system computer codes are extensively used worldwide for analysis of nuclear facilities by utilities, regulatory bodies, nuclear power plant designers and vendors, nuclear fuel companies, research organizations, consulting companies, and technical support organizations. The computer code user represents a source of uncertainty that can influence the results of system code calculations. This influence is commonly known as the ‘user effect’ and stems from the limitations embedded in the codes as well as from the limited capability of the analysts to use the codes. Code user training and qualification is an effective means for reducing the variation of results caused by the application of the codes by different users. This paper describes a systematic approach to training code users who, upon completion of the training, should be able to perform calculations making the best possible use of the capabilities of best estimate codes. In other words, the program aims at contributing towards solving the problem of user effect. The 3D S.UN.COP (Scaling, Uncertainty and 3D COuPled code calculations) seminars have been organized as follow-up of the proposal to IAEA for the Permanent Training Course for System Code Users. Nine seminars have been held at University of Pisa (two in 2004), at The Pennsylvania State University (2004), at the University of Zagreb (2005), at the School of Industrial Engineering of Barcelona (January-February 2006), in Buenos Aires, Argentina (October 2006), requested by Autoridad Regulatoria Nuclear (ARN), Nucleoelectrica Argentina S.A (NA-SA) and Comisio´n Nacional de Energi´a Ato´mica (CNEA), at the College Station, Texas A&M, (January-February 2007), in Hamilton and Niagara Falls, Ontario (October 2007) requested by Atomic Energy Canada Limited (AECL), Canadian Nuclear Society (CNS) and Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission (CNSC), in Petten, The Netherlands (October 2008) in cooperation with the Institute of Energy of the Joint Research Center of the European Commission (IE-JRC-EC). It was recognized that such courses represented both a source of continuing education for current code users and a mean for current code users to enter the formal training structure of a proposed ‘permanent’ stepwise approach to user training. The 3D S.UN.COP 2008 at IE-JRC was successfully held with the attendance of 35 participants coming from more than 10 countries and 20 different institutions (universities, vendors and national laboratories). More than 30 scientists (coming from more than 10 countries and 20 different institutions) were involved in the organization of the seminar, presenting theoretical aspects of the proposed methodologies and holding the training and the final examination. A certificate (LA Code User grade) was released to participants that successfully solved the assigned problems. A tenth seminar will be held (October 2009) at the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) in Amsterdam (Sweden), involving more than 30 scientists between lectures and code developers (http://dimnp.ing.unipi.it/3dsuncop/2009/index.html).

Australia was one of nine countries and economies to participate in the 2018 TALIS-PISA link study, together with Cuidad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (Argentina), Colombia, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Georgia, Malta, Turkey and Viet Nam. This study involved coordinating the samples of schools that participated in the Program of International Student Assessment (PISA, a study of the performance of 15-year-old students) and the Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS, a study that surveys teachers and principals in lower secondary schools) in 2018. A sample of teachers from schools that were selected to participate in PISA were invited to respond to the TALIS survey. TALIS data provides information regarding the background, beliefs and practices of lower secondary teachers and principals, and PISA data delivers insights into the background characteristics and cognitive and non-cognitive skills of 15-year-old students. Linking these data offers an internationally comparable dataset combining information on key education stakeholders. This report presents results of analyses of the relationships between teacher and school factors and student outcomes, such as performance on the PISA assessment, expectations for further study and experiences of school life. Results for Australia are presented alongside those of the average (mean) across all countries and economies that participated in the TALIS-PISA link study for comparison, but the focus remains on what relationships were significant among Australian students.

Australia was one of nine countries and economies to participate in the 2018 TALIS-PISA link study, together with Cuidad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (Argentina), Colombia, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Georgia, Malta, Turkey and Viet Nam. This study involved coordinating the samples of schools that participated in the Program of International Student Assessment (PISA, a study of the performance of 15-year-old students) and the Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS, a study that surveys teachers and principals in lower secondary schools) in 2018. A sample of teachers from schools that were selected to participate in PISA were invited to respond to the TALIS survey. TALIS data provides information regarding the background, beliefs and practices of lower secondary teachers and principals, and PISA data delivers insights into the background characteristics and cognitive and non-cognitive skills of 15-year-old students. Linking these data offers an internationally comparable dataset combining information on key education stakeholders. This report presents results of analyses of the relationships between teacher and school factors and student outcomes, such as performance on the PISA assessment, expectations for further study and experiences of school life. Results for Australia are presented alongside those of the average (mean) across all countries and economies that participated in the TALIS-PISA link study for comparison, but the focus remains on what relationships were significant among Australian students.