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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "NGC 5643"

Autor: Grafiati
Publicado: 10 de marzo de 2023

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1

García-Bernete, I., A. Alonso-Herrero, S. García-Burillo, M. Pereira-Santaella, B. García-Lorenzo, F. J. Carrera, D. Rigopoulou et al. "Multiphase feedback processes in the Sy2 galaxy NGC 5643". Astronomy & Astrophysics 645 (22 de diciembre de 2020): A21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202038256.

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We study the multiphase feedback processes in the central ∼3 kpc of the barred Seyfert 2 galaxy NGC 5643. We used observations of the cold molecular gas (ALMA CO(2−1) transition) and ionized gas (MUSE IFU optical emission lines). We studied different regions along the outflow zone, which extends out to ∼2.3 kpc in the same direction (east-west) as the radio jet, as well as nuclear and circumnuclear regions in the host galaxy disk. The CO(2−1) line profiles of regions in the outflow and spiral arms show two or more different velocity components: one associated with the host galaxy rotation, and the others with out- or inflowing material. In the outflow region, the [O III]λ5007 Å emission lines have two or more components: the narrow component traces rotation of the gas in the disk, and the others are related to the ionized outflow. The deprojected outflowing velocities of the cold molecular gas (median Vcentral ∼ 189 km s−1) are generally lower than those of the outflowing ionized gas, which reach deprojected velocities of up to 750 km s−1 close to the active galactic nucleus (AGN), and their spatial profiles follow those of the ionized phase. This suggests that the outflowing molecular gas in the galaxy disk is being entrained by the AGN wind. We derive molecular and ionized outflow masses of ∼5.2 × 107 M⊙ (αCOGalactic) and 8.5 × 104 M⊙ and molecular and ionized outflow mass rates of ∼51 M⊙ yr−1 (αCOGalactic) and 0.14 M⊙ yr−1, respectively. This means that the molecular phase dominates the outflow mass and outflow mass rate, while the kinetic power and momentum of the outflow are similar in both phases. However, the wind momentum loads (Ṗout/ṖAGN) for the molecular and ionized outflow phases are ∼27−5 (αCOGalactic and αCOULIRGs) and < 1, which suggests that the molecular phase is not momentum conserving, but the ionized phase most certainly is. The molecular gas content (Meast ∼ 1.5 × 107 M⊙; αCOGalactic) of the eastern spiral arm is approximately 50−70% of the content of the western one. We interpret this as destruction or clearing of the molecular gas produced by the AGN wind impacting in the eastern side of the host galaxy (negative feedback process). The increase in molecular phase momentum implies that part of the kinetic energy from the AGN wind is transmitted to the molecular outflow. This suggests that in Seyfert-like AGN such as NGC 5643, the radiative or quasar and the kinetic or radio AGN feedback modes coexist and may shape the host galaxies even at kiloparsec scales through both positive and (mild) negative feedback.
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2

Morris, S., M. Ward, M. Whittle, A. S. Wilson y K. Taylor. "The velocity fields and radio structures of the active galaxies NGC 5643 and NGC 7582". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 216, n.º 2 (1 de septiembre de 1985): 193–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/216.2.193.

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3

Cezar, P. H., J. E. Steiner y R. B. Menezes. "Gas kinematics and stellar archaeology of the Seyfert galaxy NGC 5643". Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 15, S359 (marzo de 2020): 452–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921320004044.

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AbstractIn this work we derive stellar archaeology and kinematics of the central 400 pc of NGC 5643. The star formation history (SFH) reveals nuclear contribution of stellar populations older (20% older than 3.5 Gyr) and younger (60% younger than 320 Myr) as compared to the circumnuclear region. The [OIII] 5007 Å kinematics reveals the eastern ionization cone with an outflow (−60 km/s ⩽ v ⩽ 120 km/s).
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4

Matt, G., S. Bianchi, A. Marinucci, M. Guainazzi, K. Iwawasa y E. Jimenez Bailon. "X-ray observations of the Compton-thick Seyfert 2 galaxy, NGC 5643". Astronomy & Astrophysics 556 (agosto de 2013): A91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201321293.

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5

Menezes, R. B., Patrícia da Silva, T. V. Ricci, J. E. Steiner, D. May y B. W. Borges. "A treatment procedure for VLT/SINFONI data cubes: application to NGC 5643". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 450, n.º 1 (16 de abril de 2015): 369–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stv629.

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6

Krivonos, Roman y Sergey Sazonov. "NuSTARandXMM–Newtonobservations of the ultraluminous X-ray source NGC 5643 X-1". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 463, n.º 1 (16 de agosto de 2016): 756–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stw2058.

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7

Simpson, Chris, A. S. Wilson, Gary Bower, T. M. Heckman, J. H. Krolik y G. K. Miley. "A One‐sided Ionization Cone in the Seyfert 2 Galaxy NGC 5643". Astrophysical Journal 474, n.º 1 (enero de 1997): 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/303466.

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8

Hoyt, Taylor J., Rachael L. Beaton, Wendy L. Freedman, In Sung Jang, Myung Gyoon Lee, Barry F. Madore, Andrew J. Monson, Jillian R. Neeley, Jeffrey A. Rich y Mark Seibert. "The Carnegie Chicago Hubble Program X: Tip of the Red Giant Branch Distances to NGC 5643 and NGC 1404". Astrophysical Journal 915, n.º 1 (1 de julio de 2021): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/abfe5a.

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9

Schmitt, Henrique R., Thaisa Storchi-Bergmann y Jack A. Baldwin. "Anisotropic high-excitation emission and chemical abundances in the Seyfert 2 galaxy NGC 5643". Astrophysical Journal 423 (marzo de 1994): 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/173802.

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10

Alonso-Herrero, A., M. Pereira-Santaella, S. García-Burillo, R. I. Davies, F. Combes, D. Asmus, A. Bunker et al. "Resolving the Nuclear Obscuring Disk in the Compton-thick Seyfert Galaxy NGC 5643 with ALMA". Astrophysical Journal 859, n.º 2 (1 de junio de 2018): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aabe30.

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11

Cresci, G., A. Marconi, S. Zibetti, G. Risaliti, S. Carniani, F. Mannucci, A. Gallazzi et al. "The MAGNUM survey: positive feedback in the nuclear region of NGC 5643 suggested by MUSE". Astronomy & Astrophysics 582 (octubre de 2015): A63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201526581.

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12

Guainazzi, M., P. Rodriguez-Pascual, A. C. Fabian, K. Iwasawa y G. Matt. "Unveiling the nature of the highly obscured active galactic nucleus in NGC 5643 withXMM-Newton". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 355, n.º 1 (noviembre de 2004): 297–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2004.08317.x.

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13

Burns, Christopher R., Chris Ashall, Carlos Contreras, Peter Brown, Maximilian Stritzinger, M. M. Phillips, Ricardo Flores et al. "SN 2013aa and SN 2017cbv: Two Sibling Type Ia Supernovae in the Spiral Galaxy NGC 5643". Astrophysical Journal 895, n.º 2 (3 de junio de 2020): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab8e3e.

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14

Annuar, A., P. Gandhi, D. M. Alexander, G. B. Lansbury, P. Arévalo, D. R. Ballantyne, M. Baloković et al. "NuSTAROBSERVATIONS OF THE COMPTON-THICK ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEUS AND ULTRALUMINOUS X-RAY SOURCE CANDIDATE IN NGC 5643". Astrophysical Journal 815, n.º 1 (4 de diciembre de 2015): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/815/1/36.

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15

Fabbiano, G., A. Paggi, A. Siemiginowska y M. Elvis. "Chandra Detection of the Circumnuclear Molecular Torus of the Compton-thick Active Galactic Nucleus in NGC 5643". Astrophysical Journal 869, n.º 2 (20 de diciembre de 2018): L36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aaf73e.

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16

Pintore, Fabio, Luca Zampieri, Andrew D. Sutton, Timothy P. Roberts, Matthew J. Middleton y Jeanette C. Gladstone. "The ultraluminous X-ray source NGC 5643 ULX1: a large stellar mass black hole accreting at super-Eddington rates?" Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 459, n.º 1 (20 de marzo de 2016): 455–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stw669.

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17

Kumar, Sahana, Eric Y. Hsiao, C. Ashall, M. M. Phillips, N. Morrell, P. Hoeflich, C. R. Burns et al. "Near-infrared and Optical Nebular-phase Spectra of Type Ia Supernovae SN 2013aa and SN 2017cbv in NGC 5643". Astrophysical Journal 945, n.º 1 (1 de marzo de 2023): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acad73.

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Abstract We present multiwavelength time-series spectroscopy of SN 2013aa and SN 2017cbv, two Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) on the outskirts of the same host galaxy, NGC 5643. This work utilizes new nebular-phase near-infrared (NIR) spectra obtained by the Carnegie Supernova Project-II, in addition to previously published optical and NIR spectra. Using nebular-phase [Fe ii] lines in the optical and NIR, we examine the explosion kinematics and test the efficacy of several common emission-line-fitting techniques. The NIR [Fe ii] 1.644 μm line provides the most robust velocity measurements against variations due to the choice of the fit method and line blending. The resulting effects on velocity measurements due to choosing different fit methods, initial fit parameters, continuum and line profile functions, and fit region boundaries were also investigated. The NIR [Fe ii] velocities yield the same radial shift direction as velocities measured using the optical [Fe ii] λ7155 line, but the sizes of the shifts are consistently and substantially lower, pointing to a potential issue in optical studies. The NIR [Fe ii] 1.644 μm emission profile shows a lack of significant asymmetry in both SNe, and the observed low velocities elevate the importance for correcting for any velocity contribution from the host galaxy’s rotation. The low [Fe ii] velocities measured in the NIR at nebular phases disfavor progenitor scenarios in close double-degenerate systems for both SN 2013aa and SN 2017cbv. The time evolution of the NIR [Fe ii] 1.644 μm line also indicates moderately high progenitor white dwarf central density and potentially high magnetic fields.
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18

Venturi, G., G. Cresci, A. Marconi, M. Mingozzi, E. Nardini, S. Carniani, F. Mannucci et al. "MAGNUM survey: Compact jets causing large turmoil in galaxies". Astronomy & Astrophysics 648 (abril de 2021): A17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202039869.

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Context. Outflows accelerated by active galactic nuclei (AGN) are commonly observed in the form of coherent, mildly collimated high-velocity gas directed along the AGN ionisation cones and kinetically powerful (≳1044 − 45 erg s−1) jets. Recent works found that outflows can also be accelerated by low-power (≲1044 erg s−1) jets, and the most recent cosmological simulations indicate that these are the dominant source of feedback on sub-kiloparsec scales, but little is known about their effect on the galaxy host. Aims. We study the relation between radio jets and the distribution and kinematics of the ionised gas in IC 5063, NGC 5643, NGC 1068, and NGC 1386 as part of our survey of nearby Seyfert galaxies called Measuring Active Galactic Nuclei Under MUSE Microscope (MAGNUM). All these objects host a small-scale (≲1 kpc) low-power (≲1044 erg s−1) radio jet that has small inclinations (≲45°) with respect to the galaxy disc. Methods. We employed seeing-limited optical integral field spectroscopic observations from the Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) at the Very Large Telescope to obtain flux, kinematic, and excitation maps of the extended ionised gas. We compared these maps with archival radio images and in one case, with Chandra X-ray observations. Results. We detect a strong (up to ≳800–1000 km s−1) and extended (≳1 kpc) emission-line velocity spread perpendicular to the direction of the AGN ionisation cones and jets in all four targets. The gas excitation in this region of line-width enhancement is entirely compatible with shock ionisation. These broad and symmetric line profiles are not associated with a single coherent velocity of the gas. A ‘classical’ outflow component with net blueshifted and redshifted motions is also present, but is directed along the ionisation cones and jets. Conclusions. We interpret the observed phenomenon as due to the action of the jets perturbing the gas in the galaxy disc. These intense and extended velocity spreads perpendicular to AGN jets and cones are indeed currently only observed in galaxies hosting a low-power jet whose inclination is sufficiently low with respect to the galaxy disc to impact on and strongly affect its material. In line with cosmological simulations, our results demonstrate that low-power jets are indeed capable of affecting the host galaxy.
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19

Chesnok, N. G., S. G. Sergeev y I. B. Vavilova. "Optical and X-ray variability of Seyfert galaxies NGC 5548, NGC 7469, NGC 3227, NGC 4051, NGC 4151, Mrk 509, Mrk 79, and Akn 564 and quasar 1E 0754". Kinematics and Physics of Celestial Bodies 25, n.º 2 (abril de 2009): 107–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s0884591309020068.

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20

Mei, S., M. Scodeggio, D. R. Silva y P. J. Quinn. "H0 measurement from VLT deep I–band surface brightness fluctuations in NGC 564 and NGC 7619". Astronomy & Astrophysics 399, n.º 2 (febrero de 2003): 441–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361:20021800.

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21

Chang, Chan-Kao, Alfred B. Chen, Wean-Shun Tsay, Wen-Ping Chen y Phillip K. Lu. "The Kinematics of Globular Cluster NGC 288". International Astronomical Union Colloquium 183 (2001): 333–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100079215.

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AbstractThe mean radial velocity of NGC 288 (accuracy 5.5 km/s) is determined to be −56.3 ± 20.1 km/s which, when combined with the mean proper motion (Guo, 1995), yields a peculiar velocity with respect to the LSR of (u,v,w) = (29.7 ± 18.1, −258.6 ± 18.3,62.3 ± 20.3) km/s. This implies that NGC 288 moves in a retrograde sense with the Galactic rotation. We also derived the effective temperatures for stars in our sample and, as a corroborative effort, compared with those estimated previously from the BATC data (Tsai 1998) by spectral energy distribution fitting. We demonstrate that the BATC/SED fitting is an appropriate and efficient way to estimate the effective temperature of a star.
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22

Bellazzini, M., R. Ibata, K. Malhan, N. Martin, B. Famaey y G. Thomas. "Globular clusters in the Sagittarius stream". Astronomy & Astrophysics 636 (abril de 2020): A107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202037621.

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We reconsider the case for the association of Galactic globular clusters to the tidal stream of the Sagittarius dwarf spheroidal galaxy (Sgr dSph) using Gaia DR2 data. We used RR Lyrae variables to trace the stream in 6D and we selected clusters matching the observed stream in position and velocity. In addition to the clusters residing in the main body of the galaxy (M 54, Ter 8, Ter 7, Arp 2) we confirm the membership of Pal 12 and Whiting 1 to the portion of the trailing arm populated by stars lost during recent perigalactic passages. NGC 2419, NGC 5634, and NGC 4147 are very interesting candidates, possibly associated with more ancient wraps of the Sagittarius stream. With the exception of M 54, which lies within the stellar nucleus of the galaxy, we note that all these clusters are found in the trailing arm of the stream. The selected clusters are fully consistent with the [Fe/H] versus [Mg/Fe], [Ca/Fe] patterns and the age-metallicity relation displayed by field stars in the main body of Sgr dSph.
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23

Seifina, Elena, Alexandre Chekhtman y Lev Titarchuk. "NGC 4051: Black hole mass and photon index-mass accretion rate correlation". Astronomy & Astrophysics 613 (mayo de 2018): A48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201732235.

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We present a discovery of the correlation between the X-ray spectral (photon) index and mass accretion rate observed in an active galactic nucleus, NGC 4051. We analyzed spectral transition episodes observed in NGC 4051 using XMM-Newton, Suzaku and RXTE. We applied a scaling technique for a black hole (BH) mass evaluation which uses a correlation between the photon index and normalization of the seed (disk) component, which is proportional to a mass accretion rate. We developed an analytical model that shows the spectral (photon) index of the BH emergent spectrum undergoes an evolution from lower to higher values depending on a mass accretion rate in the accretion disk. We considered Cygnus X-1 and GRO J1550–564 as reference sources for which distances, inclination angles and the BH masses are evaluated by dynamical measurements. Application of the scaling technique for the photon index−mass accretion rate correlation provides an estimate of the black hole mass in NGC 4051 to be more than 6 × 105 solar masses.
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24

Sbordone, L., L. Monaco, C. Moni Bidin, P. Bonifacio, S. Villanova, M. Bellazzini, R. Ibata et al. "Chemical abundances of giant stars in NGC 5053 and NGC 5634, two globular clusters associated with the Sagittarius dwarf spheroidal galaxy?" Astronomy & Astrophysics 579 (julio de 2015): A104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201425509.

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25

Carretta, E., A. Bragaglia, S. Lucatello, V. D’Orazi, R. G. Gratton, P. Donati, A. Sollima y C. Sneden. "Chemical characterisation of the globular cluster NGC 5634 associated to the Sagittarius dwarf spheroidal galaxy". Astronomy & Astrophysics 600 (abril de 2017): A118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201630004.

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26

Miyagi, T., T. Kameda, S. Nakashima, H. Shimada, R. Wakiya, M. Kato, M. Mahmoud Fahmy Mansour, K. Sugihara, Y. Ushio y H. Dobashi. "AB0592 NAILFOLD CAPILLARY ABNORMALITIES PREDICT INTERSTITIAL LUNG DISEASE (ILD) COMPLICATION IN SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS PATIENTS". Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (junio de 2020): 1592.2–1593. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.5623.

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Background:Systemic sclerosis (SSc) have various organ involvements including pulmonary hypertension (PH), digital ulcers (DU), and interstitial lung disease (ILD). On the other hand, Nailfold capillary (NFC) abnormalities (enlarged/giant capillaries, fresh or old hemorrhages, avascular areas, ramified/bushy capillaries) detected by capillaroscopy are included in ACR/EULAR classification criteria for SSc as one of important findings. In addition, many studies have reported the relationship between NFC abnormalities and organ involvements (DU, PH) [1][2]. However, there are a few reports about the relationship between NFC abnormalities and ILD.Objectives:We clarify the association with NFC abnormalities and ILD in SSc patients.Methods:We enrolled SSc patients without PH from January 2016 to December 2019 in our institution. SSc patients were diagnosed according to EULAR classification criteria in 2013. ILD was detected by chest CT scans. We assessed severity of ILD with pulmonary function tests (PFT). Abnormal PFT was defined as vital capacity (%VC) or diffusion capacity (DLCO) < 70%. NFC abnormalities were detected with “OptiPiX capillaroscopy Clinic 1.7.x” and the number of capillaries was measured per 1mm in 2nd to 5th fingers of both hand. We defined enlarged and giant capillaries as >30 µm and >50 µm, respectively.Results:We enrolled 59 SSc patients (54 females, 5 males). Mean age is 65.0 ± 8.0 years. Thirty-one patients (52.5%) were complicated with ILD. Mean capillary counts are 6.6/mm. The number of patients with each NFC abnormalities (enlarged capillaries, giant capillaries, microhemorrhages, ramified, avascular areas) are 42, 32, 48, 38, and 33 cases, respectively. Two cases did not have NFC abnormalities. SSc patients with giant capillaries had fewer ILD complications (p <0.05, odds ratio 0.183 [0.059 – 0.57]). Other NFC abnormalities were not associated with ILD in SSc patients. We inspected %VC of 23 patients and DLCO of 20 patients with ILD. Eleven patients had abnormal PFT (5 patients had abnormal %VC and 9 patients had abnormal DLCO). Most of them had not enlarged capillaries than patient with normal PFT (odds ratio 0.11 [0.016 – 0.81]). Other NFC abnormalities including giant capillaries were not associated with abnormal PFT.Conclusion:We investigated the relationship between NFC abnormalities and ILD conplications in SSc patients. NFC abnormalities are associated with ILD complicacion and severity of ILD. It was suggested that no giant capillary in SSc patients may predict ILD complication. Moreover, no enlarged capillary may predict the severe ILD.References:[1]Valeria Riccieri et al. Systemic sclerosis patients with and without pulmonary arterial hypertension: a nailfold capillaroscopy study. Rheumatology, Volume 52, Issue 8, 1 August 2013, Pages 1525–1528[2]Maurizio Cutolo et al. Nailfold Videocapillaroscopic Features and Other Clinical Risk Factors for Digital Ulcers in Systemic Sclerosis: A Multicenter, Prospective Cohort Study. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2016 Oct; 68(10): 2527–2539.Disclosure of Interests:None declared
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27

Machado-Alba, Jorge Enrique, Berenice Isaza-Martinez y Monica Sepulveda-Marin. "FACTORES ASOCIADOS A MORTALIDAD POR NEUMONIA EN UN HOSPITAL DE TERCER NIVEL DE COLOMBIA". Acta Médica Colombiana 38, n.º 4 (15 de diciembre de 2013): 233–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.36104/amc.2013.156.

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Objetivos: Determinar las variables asociadas con mortalidad por Neumonía Adquirida en la Comunidad (NAC) en hospital de Colombia Materiales y métodos: Estudio de corte transversal en pacientes mayores de 14 años con diagnóstico de NAC entre 1 enero 2010 y 30 marzo 2012. Se consideraron variables socio-demográficas, clínicas, paraclínicas y terapéuticas. Se hicieron análisis bivariados y multivariados con paquete estadístico SPSS-20.0 Resultados: De 297 casos con NAC, hubo predominio masculino (53,5%), edad promedio 56,3±22,4 años. El 22,6% de los casos murieron. Las variables ausencia de dolor pleurítico (OR:0,10; IC95%:0,040-0,292, p
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28

Titarchuk, Lev, Elena Seifina, Alexandre Chekhtman y Indira Ocampo. "Spectral index−mass accretion rate correlation and evaluation of black hole masses in AGNs 3C 454.3 and M 87". Astronomy & Astrophysics 633 (enero de 2020): A73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201935576.

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We present the discovery of correlations between the X-ray spectral (photon) index and mass accretion rate observed in active galactic nuclei (AGNs) 3C 454.3 and M 87. We analyzed spectral transition episodes observed in these AGNs using Chandra, Swift, Suzaku, BeppoSAX, ASCA and RXTE data. We applied a scaling technique for a black hole (BH) mass evaluation which uses a correlation between the photon index and normalization of the seed (disk) component which is proportional to a mass accretion rate. We developed an analytical model that shows that the photon index of the BH emergent spectrum undergoes an evolution from lower to higher values depending on disk mass accretion rate. To estimate a BH mass in 3C 454.3 we consider extra-galactic SMBHs NGC 4051 and NGC 7469 as well as Galactic BHs Cygnus X–1 and GRO J1550–564 as reference sources for which distances, inclination angles are known and the BH masses are already evaluated. For M 87 on the other hand, we provide the BH mass scaling using extra-galactic sources (IMBHs: ESO 243–49 HLX–1 and M 101 ULX–1) and Galactic sources (stellar mass BHs: XTE J1550–564, 4U 1630–472, GRS 1915+105 and H 1743–322) as reference sources. Application of the scaling technique for the photon index−mass accretion rate correlation provides estimates of the BH masses in 3C 454.3 and M 87 to be about 3.4 × 109 and 5.6 × 107 solar masses, respectively. We also compared our scaling BH mass estimates with a recent BH mass estimate of M87 = 6.5 × 109 M⊙ made using the Event Horizon Telescope which gives an image at 1.3 mm and is based on the angular size of the “BH event horizon”. Our BH mass estimate in M 87 is at least two orders of magnitude lower than that made by the EHT team.
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29

Razook, Alexander George, Leopoldo Andrade de Figueiredo, Ana Cláudia Ruggieri, Romeu Fernandes Nardon y Joslaine Noely dos Santos Gonçalves Cyrillo. "Desempenho em Pastagens e Características de Carcaça da 16ª Progênie dos Rebanhos Nelore, Guzerá e Caracu de Sertãozinho (SP)". Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 31, n.º 3 suppl (junio de 2002): 1367–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-35982002000600007.

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Quarenta e um machos inteiros dos rebanhos selecionados para peso aos 378 dias (P378), nascidos em 1996, foram terminados em pastagens de Panicum Maximum (Jacq.), Panicum Maximum (Jaq) cv. Tanzania 1 e Brachiaria brizantha (Hoschst) Stapf cv. Marandu na Estação Experimental de Zootecnia de Sertãozinho (SP). As amostras, representando a média de P378 em cada rebanho, foram: 11 animais Nelore Seleção (NeS) e 10 para cada um dos grupos Nelore Controle (NeC), Guzerá Seleção (GuS) e Caracu (Ca). O abate ocorreu aos 824 dias de idade e condição corporal 7,6, em uma escala de 1 a 9. As médias mínimas e máximas ajustadas, para as principais características, considerando-se todos os grupos, foram: ganho de peso médio diário, 406 (NeC) e 501 g (NeS); peso de abate (PAB), 446,8 (NeC) e 544,3 kg (NeS) ; peso de carcaça (PCAR), 249,8 (NeC) e 309,7 kg (NeS); rendimento de carcaça (REND), 54,0 (GuS) e 56,3% (NeC e NeS). No corte entre a 9ª e 11ª costelas : músculo 59,6 (NeC) e 65,2% (Ca); gordura, 15,6 (Ca) e 21,4% (NeC); osso, 18,9 (NeC) e 20,2% (GuS); espessura de gordura (ESPGOR), 2,0 (Ca) e 4,2 mm (NeC); área de olho de lombo (AOL), 65,6 (NeC) e 71,1 cm² (NeS e Ca); força de cisalhamento (FC), 4,5 (Ca) e 6,6 kg (GuS) e perdas totais no cozimento (PERDAS), 22,5 (NeC) e 24,9% (GuS). A seleção para peso provocou, em NeS, maiores PAB e PCAR, sem interferir no REND, na composição da costela, FC e PERDAS na carne. Houve, porém, menor ESPGOR em relação à NeC. Os animais GuS apresentaram PAB e PCAR intermediários, entre NeS e Ca, e menor REND e os Ca maior proporção de músculo na costela e carne com maior maciez em relação ao Zebu.
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NASCIMENTO, Rubens Silva, Selma Regina Guerra VALENTE y Luiz Carlos Marques de OLIVEIRA. "Seroprevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in chronic chagasic patients, and in the rural and urban population from Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil". Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 44, n.º 5 (octubre de 2002): 251–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46652002000500003.

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As patients with chronic Chagas disease exhibit morphological and functional changes of the stomach (hypomotility and hypochlorhydria), malnutrition, immunological deficiency and high prevalence of peptic disease associated to Helicobater pylori infection, the purpose of this study was to evaluate if the prevalence of H. pylori infection in chronic chagasic is higher than in non-chagasic individuals in the urban and rural population from Uberlândia, MG, Brazil. Serological determination of IgG antibodies to H. pylori was performed using a second-generation ELISA. Thus, 598 people were evaluated: 128 chagasic (CG), 222 non-chagasic living in urban area (U-NCG) and 248 non-chagasic living in rural area (R-NCG). Regarding the age range from 21 to 50 years, the prevalence of H. pylori infection in the CG (85.1%) was significantly higher than in the U-NCG (56.3%, p < 0.01) and the R-NCG (67.4%, p < 0.05). In the patients over 50 years, the prevalence in the CG (86.4%) was similar to the U-NCG (78.8%) and R-NCG (86.1%). Similar results were also found between the U-NCG and R-NCG for all age ranges, with prevalence rates of 29.1% and 35.3% for the age range from 5 to 13 years, and 47.2% and 40% for that from 14 to 20 years, respectively. We conclude that chagasic patients showed a higher seroprevalence of H. pylori infection than non-chagasic individuals, in the age range from 21 to 50 years, and that the prevalence of this infection was similar in the studied urban and rural non-chagasic population.
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Bellazzini, Michele, Francesco R. Ferraro y Rodrigo Ibata. "The Stellar Population of NGC 5634: A Globular Cluster in the Sagittarius [CLC]d[/CLC]S[CLC]ph[/CLC] Stream?" Astronomical Journal 124, n.º 2 (agosto de 2002): 915–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/341755.

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da Costa, Samantha Cabral S., Renata Colombo Bonadio, Flavia Carolina G. Gabrielli, Andrea S. Aranha, Maria Luiza N. Dias Genta, Vanessa C. Miranda, Daniela de Freitas et al. "Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy With Cisplatin and Gemcitabine Followed by Chemoradiation Versus Chemoradiation for Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer: A Randomized Phase II Trial". Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, n.º 33 (20 de noviembre de 2019): 3124–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.19.00674.

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PURPOSE Although chemoradiation therapy (CRT) with cisplatin remains the standard treatment of patients with locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC), 40% of patients present with disease recurrence. Additional treatment strategies are required to improve outcomes. We conducted a trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) with cisplatin and gemcitabine followed by CRT. METHODS In this phase II trial, patients with LACC (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage IIB to IVA or with positive lymph nodes) were randomly assigned to three cycles of NAC with cisplatin and gemcitabine followed by standard CRT with weekly cisplatin plus pelvic radiotherapy or to standard CRT alone. The primary end point was 3-year progression-free survival (PFS). Secondary end points were response rate, 3-year locoregional control, 3-year overall survival (OS), safety, and quality of life. RESULTS From 107 patients enrolled in the trial, 55 were randomly assigned to the NAC arm and 52 to the CRT-alone arm. The majority of patients had squamous cell carcinoma (87.8%). After a median follow-up of 31.7 months, NAC was associated with an inferior PFS, with 3-year PFS rates of 40.9% v 60.4% in the CRT arm (hazard ratio, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.04 to 3.26; P = .033). NAC also was associated with a lower OS (3-year OS rate, 60.7% v 86.8%; hazard ratio, 2.79; 95% CI, 1.29 to 6.01; P = .006). After treatment completion, complete response rates were 56.3% in the NAC arm and 80.3% in the CRT arm ( P = .008). Toxicities were similar in both arms, with the exception of hypomagnesemia and neuropathy being more common with NAC. CONCLUSION This study shows that the addition of NAC consisting of cisplatin and gemcitabine to standard CRT is not superior and is possibly inferior to CRT alone for the treatment of LACC.
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Brandt, W. N., A. C. Fabian, K. Nandra, C. S. Reynolds y W. Brinkmann. "ROSAT PSPC observations of the Seyfert 1 galaxies Ark 564, NGC 985, Kaz 163, Mrk 79 and RX J2256.6+0525". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 271, n.º 4 (15 de diciembre de 1994): 958–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/271.4.958.

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Yoshida, Atsushi, Yasuyuki Kojima, Mizuho Tazo, Naoko Matsuda, Koichiro Tsugawa, Hideko Yamauchi, Seigo Nakamura y Naoki Hayashi. "Can sentinel node biopsy after neoadjuvant systemic chemotherapy (NAC) be safely omitted in selected patient with early breast cancer?" Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, n.º 15_suppl (20 de mayo de 2020): 564. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.564.

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564 Background: There is a recent trend of performing minimum axillary surgery considering the prognostic value and fewer complications for primary breast cancer patients since the results of ACOSOG Z011. Nodal status after NAC is not be useful for postoperative treatment in most of cN0 patients. Therefore, sentinel node biopsy (SNB) may be omitted if ypN0 after NAC can be predicted in cN0 patients. We assessed clinicopathological factors associated with ypN0 after NAC in cN0 primary breast cancer patients. Methods: Two-institutional retrospective cohort study of clinically N0 breast cancer patients before NAC and who underwent breast surgery was conducted, including 419 consecutive patients between 2009 and 2016 in St. Luke's International Hospital and St. Marianna University School of Medicine hospital. Each institutional review board approved this study. In the patients with or without nodal metastasis on SNB after NAC, we compared clinicopathological factors including Estrogen Receptor (ER), Progesterone Receptor (PgR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), Ki-67 on needle biopsy specimens, and tumor size before and after NAC on MRI findings. Results: Of the 419 patients, 380 patients (90.7%) were ypN0 and 39 patients (9.3%) were ypN+ after NAC. In univariate analysis, clinical complete response of primary tumor on MRI findings (MRI-CR) (p<0.01), ER-negative (p<0.01), PgR-negative (p<0.01), and high-Ki-67 >30% (p<0.01) were significantly associated with ypN0 on SNB after NAC. In multivariate analysis, MRI-CR (HR 5.12, p<0.01) and high-Ki-67 (HR 2.86, p<0.01) were independent predictive factors of ypN0 after NAC.According to breast cancer subtype, only one of 72 ER-negative and HER2-positive had significantly low risk of ypN+ (1.3%) comparing other subtypes (p<0.01). Conclusions: Achieving cCR of primary tumor after NAC and high-Ki67 in cN0 patients, especially in HER2 type breast cancer, might have ypN0. We are conducting prospective study to omit SNB for these populations based on these results,
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Wan, Anping y Ting Chen. "Performance degradation analysis of combined cycle power plant under high ambient temperature". Thermal Science, n.º 00 (2021): 226. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci210221226w.

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The mechanism of performance degradation of a natural gas combined cycle (NGCC) power plant under high ambient temperature is studied by analysing the performance characteristics and thermal properties of the working fluids. Real operating data under typical seasonal conditions are collected and studied. The results reveal that the power output of the NGCC system decreases by 22.6 %, and the energy efficiency decreases from 57.28 % to 56.3 % when the ambient temperature increases from 5-35?C. GT total power output and ST power output decrease by 17.0 % and 16.2 %, respectively, as ambient temperature increases from 5-35 0C. The enthalpy difference of the flue gas between the turbine inlet and outlet change slightly with varying ambient temperature. The fuel and air input decrease by 16.0 % and 16.2 %, respectively, as ambient temperature increases from 5-35?C. By analysing the calculated results, the decrement in air and fuel input d is considered as the immediate cause of system power output reduction. The proportion of power consumed by AC reaches 50.4 % at 35?C. This is considered to be caused by air compressor idle.
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Shettigar, Chandrashekar G. y Sanchita Shettigar. "Non albicans Candidemia: an emerging menace in neonatal intensive care unit". International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 5, n.º 2 (22 de febrero de 2018): 436. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20180531.

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Background: Candidemia has become an increasingly major problem in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) which is associated with high mortality and morbidity. In this study we evaluated the epidemiology of Candidemia in neonates who were admitted to NICU and their in vitro susceptibility to commonly used antifungal drugs.Methods: This was a retrospective study of candidemia in NICU from October 2014 to September 2017. The isolates were identified as per standard mycological techniques and antifungal susceptibility was determined by disk diffusion method.Results: Out of 563 blood culture analyzed, 54(9.59%) culture yielded Candida in their blood. The non albicans Candida (NAC) species were the predominant organism for candidemia in neonates, accounting for 35 (64.81%) and the remaining 19 (35.18%) isolates were of C. albicans. Among the NAC species, the maximum isolates were of C. krusei (31.48%) followed by C. glabrata (22.22%). Non albican Candida were more resistant to azole group of antifungal, especially commonly used antifungal like fluconazole (51.43%). Among NAC species, C. glabrata was most resistant and C. tropicalis was least resistant organism. Prematurity <34 weeks, very low birth weight (<1500gm), prolonged use of broad spectrum antibiotic therapy, prolonged use of central venous catheter, mechanical ventilation, parenteral nutrition, prolonged NICU stays and concomitant bacterial sepsis were significantly associated with Candida infection in blood stream. NAC species were also associated with high mortality rate.Conclusions: Increased incidences of candidemia along with emergence of NAC species have become an important health care issue. Therefore, knowledge of local epidemiological data on candidemia is essential which will guide on therapeutic decision making.
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Patel, Ravi Mangal, Neeta Shenvi, Andrea Knezevic, Michael Hinkes, George W. Bugg, Sean R. Stowell, John D. Roback, Kirk A. Easley y Cassandra Josephson. "Observational study of cytomegalovirus from breast milk and necrotising enterocolitis". Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition 105, n.º 3 (20 de julio de 2019): 259–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2018-316613.

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ObjectiveTo evaluate the relationship between cytomegalovirus (CMV) exposure from breast milk and risk of necrotising enterocolitis (NEC).DesignSecondary analysis of a multicentre, observational cohort study. Maternal breast milk and infant serum or urine were serially evaluated by nucleic acid testing at scheduled intervals for CMV. Infants with evidence of congenital infection were excluded. Competing-risks Cox models, with adjustment for confounders, were used to evaluate the relationship between breast milk CMV exposure or postnatal CMV infection and NEC.SettingThree neonatal intensive care units in Atlanta, Georgia.PatientsInfants with a birth weight≤1500 grams.ExposuresMaximal CMV viral load in breast milk in the first 14 days after birth or postnatal CMV infection. Two different approaches were used to assess the timing of onset of CMV infection (midpoint or early).Main outcome measuresNEC, defined as Bell stage II or greater.ResultsAmong 596 enrolled infants, 457 (77%) were born to CMV seropositive mothers and 33 developed postnatal CMV infection (cumulative incidence 7.3%, 95% CI 5.0% to 10.1%). The incidence of NEC was 18% (6/33) among infants with CMV infection, compared with 7% (37/563) among infants without infection (adjusted cause-specific HR (CSHR): 2.81; 95% CI 0.73 to 10.9 (midpoint); 6.02; 95% CI 1.28 to 28.4 (early)). Exposure to higher breast milk CMV viral load was associated with a higher risk of NEC (adjusted CSHR per twofold increase 1.28; 95% CI 1.06 to 1.54).ConclusionsCMV exposure from breast milk may be associated with the development of NEC in very low birth weight infants.
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38

Wei, Wentao, Huiyuan Wang, Xuqing Liu, Wenjing Kou, Ziqi Liu, Huihui Wang, Yongkang Yang et al. "Transcriptome Profiling of Stem-Differentiating Xylem in Response to Abiotic Stresses Based on Hybrid Sequencing in Cunninghamia lanceolata". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, n.º 22 (12 de noviembre de 2022): 13986. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232213986.

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Cunninghamia lanceolata (C. lanceolata) belongs to Gymnospermae, which are fast-growing and have desirable wood properties. However, C. lanceolata’s stress resistance is little understood. To unravel the physiological and molecular regulation mechanisms under environmental stresses in the typical gymnosperm species of C. lanceolata, three-year-old plants were exposed to simulated drought stress (polyethylene glycol 8000), salicylic acid, and cold treatment at 4 °C for 8 h, 32 h, and 56 h, respectively. Regarding the physiological traits, we observed a decreased protein content and increased peroxidase upon salicylic acid and polyethylene glycol treatment. Superoxide dismutase activity either decreased or increased at first and then returned to normal under the stresses. Regarding the molecular regulation, we used both nanopore direct RNA sequencing and short-read sequencing to reveal a total of 5646 differentially expressed genes in response to different stresses, of which most had functions in lignin catabolism, pectin catabolism, and xylan metabolism, indicating that the development of stem-differentiating xylem was affected upon stress treatment. Finally, we identified a total of 51 AP2/ERF, 29 NAC, and 37 WRKY transcript factors in C. lanceolata. The expression of most of the NAC TFs increased under cold stress, and the expression of most of the WRKY TFs increased under cold and SA stress. These results revealed the transcriptomics responses in C. lanceolata to short-term stresses under this study’s experimental conditions and provide preliminary clues about stem-differentiating xylem changes associated with different stresses.
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39

Yakendji, K., Ph Rougier, M. Ducreux, P. Duvillard, M. C. Fabri, Ph Lasser y J. P. Armand. "563 Efficacy of the combination of etoposide (E) and cisplatinum (P) in the treatment of neuroendocrin digestive carcinoma (NEC)". European Journal of Cancer 31 (noviembre de 1995): S120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0959-8049(95)95817-p.

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Szczepanski, Tomasz, Lukasz Sedek, Paola de Lorenzo, Martin Schrappe, Richard Ratei, Goran Gustaffson, Liisa Hovi et al. "Prognostic Value of Immunophenotype In Infant ALL – Results of the INTERFANT'99 Study". Blood 116, n.º 21 (19 de noviembre de 2010): 2700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v116.21.2700.2700.

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Abstract Abstract 2700 Objective: Infant acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is characterized by distinct biological and clinical features. In this study, we aimed at detailed evaluation of infant ALL immunophenotype based on the large cohort of patients treated homogeneously on INTERFANT'99 protocol. Patients and Methods: We were able to obtain sufficient flow cytometry based immunophenotypic data from 286 (130 boys and 156 girls) of 483 infant ALL cases treated on INTERFANT'99 protocols. The distribution of patient and leukemia characteristics as well as clinical outcome were very similar to the entire study cohort (Pieters et al, Lancet 2007; 370: 240–250). The positivity for a certain antigen was defined at the cut-off value of >20% of cells expressing this antigen. In B-cell precursor ALL (BCP-ALL), evaluated antigens included CD10, CD20, CD34, myeloid markers (CD13, CD33, CD15 and/or CD65) and NG2 antigen assessed with 7.1 antibody. The strength of association between characteristics (patient's age and gender, initial white blood count [WBC], CNS involvement, presence of MLL gene rearrangements, prednisone response [PR]) and antigen expression was analyzed with Fisher exact test adjusted for multiple comparisons. Univariate analysis of outcome by immunophenotype was based on event free survival (EFS) and compared by log-rank test. Multivariate analysis was performed using Cox model in MLL-rearranged cases. P values < 0.05 were considered to be significant. Results: Altogether, 272 cases of infant BCP-ALL and 14 of infant T-ALL were analyzed. Most BCP-ALL cases were CD10 negative (66%), CD20 negative (88%), CD34 positive (60%), and NG2 positive (58%). Co-expression of myeloid antigens was less frequent and concerned CD13 in 8%, CD33 in 17%, CD15 in 31%, and CD65 in 28%. CD10 negativity and NG2 expression were significantly more frequent in younger infants, patients with initial high leukocytosis and with MLL rearrangements. CD34 expression was observed more frequently in younger infants, while CD20 positivity was significantly associated with lower initial leukocytosis and absence of MLL rearrangement. For myeloid antigen expression, the only significant association was more frequent CNS involvement in infants with CD13+ and/or CD33+ BCP-ALL. Analysis of outcome showed significantly better prognosis for CD10 positivity (4-year EFS of 56.3 as compared to 37.2 for CD10 negative BCP-ALL), absence of NG2 expression (4-year EFS of 63.9 as compared to 34.9 for NG2 positive BCP-ALL) and CD33 negativity (4-year EFS of 47.6 as compared to 27.7 for CD33 positive BCP-ALL). There was also a trend towards better outcome in CD20 positive infant BCP-ALL. While CD10 negativity and NG2 positivity were associated with well-known high-risk features, prognostic significance of CD33 expression is somewhat more difficult to explain. Of note, CD10 negativity was not associated to a worst outcome in MLL-rearranged patients. Moreover, in this subset, multivariate analysis showed that none of the markers analyzed had independent prognostic significance, after adjustment for sex, age at diagnosis, WBC and PR. In rare infant T-ALL cases, we observed equal distribution to different immunophenotypic subgroups as defined by EGIL classification. Conclusion: Infant BCP-ALL has distinct immunophenotypic features. However, immunophenotype has no independent prognostic relevance when MLL, age, WBC, PR and other factors are included. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Mansour, Joost Samir, Per Juel Hansen, Cédrix Leroux y Fabrice Not. "Carbon and nitrogen uptake through photosynthesis and feeding by photosymbiotic Acantharia". Open Research Europe 2 (17 de octubre de 2022): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.14983.1.

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Background: Mixotrophy, combining phagotrophy and photoautotrophy in order to acquire nutrients and energy, is a widespread trophic mode in marine protist plankton. Acantharia (Radiolaria) are ubiquitous, but still uncultured oceanic protists. Many of them are mixoplanktic by endosymbiotic relations with microalgae. Here we aimed at quantitatively assessing phototrophy (inorganic nutrients) and phagotrophy (organic nutrients) of photosymbiotic Acantharia, to understand their physiology, and thereby improve integrations of mixotrophy into ecological models of oceanic ecosystems. Methods: Freshly collected Acantharia were incubated with stable isotopes of inorganic carbon and nitrogen to determine photosynthetic uptake rates. Grazing experiments (prey disappearance) were done with different algal cultures as potential food organisms to measure the contribution of prey ingestion to the acantharian metabolism. Fluorescently (and isotopically) labelled prey was used to verify prey uptake, qualitatively. Results/Conclusions: Carbon uptake rates were unaffected by the nitrogen source (i.e., nitrate or ammonium). Total carbon inorganic uptake rate was 1112±82 pgC h-1 Acantharia‑1, 22.3±1.6 pgC h-1 symbiont cell-1assuming 50 symbionts per Acantharia, at ~155-μmol photons m−2 s−1 irradiance. The Acantharia studied could use both inorganic ammonium and nitrate, but ammonium was taken up at a ~5 times higher rate. Prey ingestion of the haptophyte, Isochrysis galbana, was detected using labelled algae. Significant grazing by Acantharia could only be established on the dinoflagellate Effrenium voratum, with a grazing rate of 728 prey Acantharia‑1 hour-1 (i.e., ~56.3 ngC h-1, 46% of total holobiont carbon content) at a ratio of 1.06x104 prey predator-1. Daily photosynthetic carbon uptake rates made up ~14.5% of the total holobiont carbon content (0.9% hourly). The extent to which photosynthates are used and assimilated by the acantharian cell and/or if it is used for catabolic processes to obtain energy is still to be studied. Isotopic ratios further suggests seasonal differences in the usage of each trophic mode.
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42

Hayashi, Tsutomu, Junki Mizusawa, Tadayoshi Hashimoto, Takeo Fukagawa, Rie Makuuchi, Makoto Hikage, Kazunari Misawa et al. "Survival results by the prospectively determined clinical staging for locally advanced gastric cancer: An ancillary study of JCOG1302A (JCOG1302A2)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 41, n.º 4_suppl (1 de febrero de 2023): 392. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2023.41.4_suppl.392.

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392 Background: Recently, neoadjuvant chemotherapy has been recognized as a promising strategy to improve the survival of patients with advanced gastric cancer. On the other hand, given the adverse events and treatment cost of chemotherapy, the candidate for NAC should be limited to patients who can benefit from NAC. In fact, as previously reported, the proportion of pathological stage I tumors was 50.4% in cT2N0, 38.7% in cT2N(+), 26.7% in cT3N0, 10.6% in cT3N(+), 9.0% in cT4aN0, and 3.0% in cT4aN(+). Therefore, clinical staging before initiation of treatment is increasingly important for determining therapeutic strategy. However, the long-term survival stratified by the prospectively-determined clinical stage has not been fully investigated. Methods: Between July 2013 and November 2014, the JCOG1302A examined 1260 patients with a clinical diagnosis of cT2/T3/T4, cN0/N1/N2/N3, M0, except for diffuse large tumors like linitis plastica and extensive bulky nodal diseases according to the Japanese Classification of Gastric Carcinoma (3rd English edition). The cT diagnosis was made by upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and comprehensive findings on upper abdominal contrast CT scan with 1 or 5 mm slice thickness. Lymph nodes with a shortest dimension greater than 8 mm or a longest dimension greater than 10 mm were defined as positive for metastasis. In this follow-up study, the survival data by stratifying the clinical staging were evaluated. Results: Among 1260 patients, survival data of 1177 were analyzed. With a median follow-up for 821 surviving patients of 6.0 years, the 5y-OS was 82.1% (95% CI, 77.3-85.9) in cT2 (n=319), 72.7% (68.2-76.6) in cT3 (n=450), 60.0% (54.9-64.7) in cT4a (n=401), and 40.0% (5.2-75.3) in cT4b (n=6), while that was 78.0% (74.2-81.2) in cN0 (n=560), 70.6% (65.4-75.2) in cN1 (n=350), 59.1% (52.5-65.1) in cN2 (n=241), and 28.4% (12.7-46.5) in cN3 (n=26), respectively. When combined with cT and cN, 5y-OS was 83.5% (77.8-87.8) in cT2N0 (n=226), 77.2% (71.0-82.2) in cT3N0 (n=232), 66.8% (56.3-75.2) in cT4aN0 (n=100), 100% in cT4bN0 (n=1), 78.7% (68.6-85.8) in cT2N(+)(n=93), 68.0% (61.1-73.8) in cT3N(+)(n=218), 57.7% (51.7-63.2) in cT4aN(+)(n=301), and 25.0% (0.9-66.5) in cT4bN(+)(n=5). Conclusions: Both the survival and the proportion of overdiagnosis of stage I patients in patients with cT4aN0, categorized as cstage IIB, was almost same as in those cT3N(+) categorized as cstage III. In considering the candidate for further treatment development of NAC with high toxic regime in future, cT3N(+) and cT4aN0 should be considered as equivalent category.
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McCagg, William O. "J. F. Brown. Eastern Europe and Communist Rule. Durham, N.C. and London: Duke University Press, 1988. xii, 564 pp. $48.50 (cloth) $15.95 (paper)." Canadian-American Slavic Studies 24, n.º 3 (1990): 382–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/221023990x00363.

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Dyrskjøt, Lars, George Laliotis MD, PhD, Iver Nordentoft, Karin Birkenkamp-Demtröder, Sia Viborg Lindskrog, Philippe Lamy, Elshaddai White et al. "Utility of ctDNA in predicting outcome and pathological complete response in patients with bladder cancer as a guide for selective bladder preservation strategies." Journal of Clinical Oncology 41, n.º 6_suppl (20 de febrero de 2023): 563. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2023.41.6_suppl.563.

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563 Background: Muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) accounts for ~25–30% of all bladder cancer diagnoses. With neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) followed by radical cystectomy (RC) as standard-of-care, the 5-year survival rate ranges from 40%–60%. Bladder-sparing protocols (BSP) have emerged as a feasible alternative to RC for MIBC treatment, however better tools are needed. In this study, we evaluated the prognostic value of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in predicting recurrence in patients who achieved pathological complete response (pCR). Methods: We analyzed a previously described cohort of 68 patients (656 plasma samples; Christensen et al., JCO 2019) with MIBC who received NAC prior to cystectomy. Patients had an updated median follow-up of 58.94 months (range: 7.19-81.77) post-cystectomy. ctDNA was analyzed at baseline (before NAC; N=64), and prior to cystectomy (N=65) using a commercially available assay (Signatera, Natera, Inc.). Additionally, exploratory RNA-Seq was performed on tumors from 59 patients (samples with >5M total counts were utilized). Pathway analysis was used to compare ctDNA-positive and ctDNA-negative patients who failed to achieve pCR. Results: Of the 64 patients with ctDNA results available at baseline, 59.4% (38/64) tested ctDNA-negative, and of these 84.2% (32/38) achieved pCR. Furthermore, 40.6% (26/64) tested ctDNA-positive, and only 34.6% (9/26) achieved pCR. Likewise, prior to cystectomy, 83.9% (52/62) of patients were ctDNA-negative, and 80.7% (42/52) achieved pCR, while none of the ctDNA-positive patients achieved pCR (positive predictive value 100%; negative predictive value 80.8%). Based on both ctDNA timepoints, the probability of ctDNA-negative patients to achieve pCR was significantly higher than ctDNA-positive patients ( p<0.0001). Notably, ctDNA-positive patients without pCR demonstrated significantly poorer RFS and OS compared to the ctDNA-negative patients, at both timepoints (Baseline: RFS; HR=8.2, p=0.017, OS; HR=8.4, p=0.015, prior to cystectomy: RFS; HR=5.2, p=0.0078, OS; HR=4.8, p=0.012). Furthermore, ctDNA status at baseline and before cystectomy was a better predictor of RFS compared to pCR (HR=8.5, p<0.0001, HR=14, p<0.0001, respectively). Transcriptomic pathway analysis of patients who did not achieve pCR showed an enrichment of oncogenic pathways, namely EMT and angiogenesis, in tumors from ctDNA positive patients, whereas tumors from ctDNA negative patients showed an enrichment of anti-tumor immune signatures, including IFNα and IFNγ. Conclusions: Absence of ctDNA was significantly associated with pCR both at baseline and prior to cystectomy, identifying patients who may benefit from BSP. Larger cohorts are warranted to test the prognostic value of ctDNA combined with transcriptomic profiling in informing patient selection for avoiding cystectomy.
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Gassart, Aude De, Patrick Brune, Maelle Mairesse, Sophie Agaugué, Ryan Swanson, Loui Madakamutil, Carl Walkey y Paul Frohna. "563 ICT01, an anti-BTN3A mAb, and NL-201, an alpha-independent IL-2/IL-15 agonist, combine to elicit a potent anti-tumor response by synergistically stimulating Vg9Vd2 T cell activation and proliferation". Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer 9, Suppl 2 (noviembre de 2021): A592. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2021-sitc2021.563.

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Backgroundγ9δ2 T-cells are attractive mediators of cancer immunotherapy due to their strong cytolytic and pro-inflammatory activities and the positive correlation between tumor infiltration and good prognosis [1,2]. ICT01, a novel anti-BTN3A mAb activating γ9δ2 T-cells, is being evaluated in a Phase 1/2a clinical study (NCT04243499)[3,4]. Previous studies have shown that IL-2 (Proleukin®) promotes γ9δ2 T-cells expansion following ICT01 stimulation, which may be clinically useful given that γ9δ2 T-cells are normally <5% of total T-cells [5]. However, the severe toxicity of IL-2 has limited its widespread use. NL-201 is a de novo alpha-independent IL-2/IL-15 agonist that preferentially stimulates CD8 T and NK cell proliferation at low concentrations, enabling a potentially wider therapeutic index than IL-2, and is being evaluated in a Phase 1 clinical study (NCT04659629)[6,7]. Here, we explore the potential of ICT01 and NL-201 to synergistically stimulate the activation and proliferation of γ9δ2 T-cells.MethodsFlow cytometry was used to assess IL-2R signaling (pSTAT5), and γ9δ2 T-cell activation and expansion after in vitro culture of huPBMCs with ICT01, NL201 or the combination. Tumor cell killing activity was monitored upon co-culture of huPBMCs with tumor cell lines (Incucyte). In vivo pharmacology was performed in NCG mice engrafted with 20x106 huPBMCs and treated with ICT01 (1 mg/kg IV)±NL-201 (1, 3 or 10 µg/kg IV). Immune cells were phenotyped by flow cytometry in blood and organs collected at sacrifice (Day 16).ResultsNL-201 is ~100X more potent than IL-2 in triggering IL-2R signaling in γ9δ2 T-cells, without preferential activity on Tregs. NL-201 plus ICT01 induces synergistic expansion of γ9δ2 T-cells, approaching ~50% of T-cells after 8 days versus ~10% with single agents. In addition, the combination of NL-201 and ICT01 promotes γ9δ2 T-cell effector memory differentiation, in contrast to IL-2, which induces primarily central memory phenotype. Importantly, NL-201 enhances ICT01-mediated killing of cancer cells by γ9δ2 T-cells.In mice, a dose-dependent expansion of peripheral γ9δ2 T-cells from ~1–2% at baseline to up to 40% of T-cells was observed in the ICT01+NL-201 combination groups. Consistently, γ9δ2 T-cell number and frequency increase in spleen and lungs of the ICT01+NL-201 treated animals as compared to controls. Expanded γ9δ2 T-cells in the combination groups display an effector memory phenotype, confirming our in vitro results.ConclusionsThese results demonstrate the ability of the ICT01+NL-201 combination to synergistically trigger γ9δ2 T-cell activation, expansion and anti-tumor activity and support clinical evaluation of this combination as a novel therapeutic approach for cancer patients.ReferencesGentles, A. J. et al. The prognostic landscape of genes and infiltrating immune cells across human cancers. Nat Med 21, 938-945, doi:10.1038/nm.3909 (2015).Tosolini, M. et al. Assessment of tumor-infiltrating TCRVgamma9Vdelta2 gammadelta lymphocyte abundance by deconvolution of human cancers microarrays. Oncoimmunology 6, e1284723, doi:10.1080/2162402X.2017.1284723 (2017).Gassart, A. d. et al. 687 Enhancement of anti-tumor immunity by ICT01: a novel g9d2 T cell-activating antibody targeting butyrophilin-3A (BTN3A). Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer 8, A412-A413, doi:10.1136/jitc-2020-SITC2020.0687 (2020).Marabelle, A. et al. 316 EVICTION Study: Preliminary results in solid tumor patients with ICT01, a first-in-class, gamma9 delta2 T cell activating antibody targeting butyrophilin-3A. Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer 8, A194-A195, doi:10.1136/jitc-2020-SITC2020.0316 (2020).Gassart, A. d. et al. 442 ICT01, an anti-BTN3A mAb that activates Vg9Vd2 T cells, plus interleukin-2: a potent and promising combination for cancer immunotherapy. Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer 8, A268-A269, doi:10.1136/jitc-2020-SITC2020.0442 (2020).Walkey, C., Swanson, R., Ulge, U., Silva Manzano, D. A. & Drachman, J. 576 NL-201, a de novo IL-2 and IL-15 agonist, demonstrates enhanced in vivo antitumor activity in combination with multiple cancer immunotherapies. Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer 8, A346-A346, doi:10.1136/jitc-2020-SITC2020.0576 (2020).Walkey, C. D. et al. Abstract 4518: Pre-clinical development of NL-201: A de novo α-independent IL-2/IL-15 agonist. Cancer Research 80, 4518–4518, doi:10.1158/1538-7445.Am2020-4518 (2020).Ethics ApprovalAll procedures involving animals described in this study have been reviewed and approved by the local ethic committee (CELEAG) and the French Ministry of Research.
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Faustin, Benjamin, Lydia Lartigue, Jean-Marie Bruey, Frederic Luciano, Dorit Hanein, Isabelle Rouiller y John C. Reed. "In Vitro Reconstitution of the NALP1 Inflammasome Reveals Requirements for Caspase Activation." Blood 108, n.º 11 (16 de noviembre de 2006): 3658. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v108.11.3658.3658.

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Abstract NLRs constitute a large family of host defense proteins that minimally contain a nucleotide-binding domain responsible for oligomerization and Leucine Rich Repeat (LRR) domains that bind microbial ligands, typically together with additional domains such as CARD or PYRIN that link NLRs to downstream components of either the NF-kB activation machinery or pro-inflammatory caspases involved in proteolytic processing of cytokines such as Interleukin-1b (IL-1b). Hereditary mutations in gene encoding some NLRs are associated with autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases. The NLR-family protein NALP1 (NAC; CARD7; CLR17.1; DEFCAP) contains a nucleotide-binding NACHT domain, LRRs, CARD, PYRIN, and other domains. NALP1 has been reported to bind the bipartite adapter protein, ASC, and pro-inflammatory caspases, forming a large multimer protein complex termed the “inflammasome.” The molecular details of inflammasome assembly and function however are unclear. Here, we have expressed the components of inflammasome (NALP1, ASC, pro-caspase-1) using recombinant baculoviruses and have purified the proteins to accomplish an in vitro reconstitution of this caspase-activating machine. Purified NALP1 monomers were induced to oligomerize in a two-step mechanism requiring ATP and the microbial ligand, muramyl-dipeptide (MDP), as determined by non-denaturing gel-electrophoresis experiments. MDP induced a conformational change in NALP1 detectable by non-denaturing gel-electrophoresis, followed by ATP-induced oligomerization. Non-hydrolyzable analogs of ATP blocked oligomerization. Inactive stereoisomers of MDP also failed to induce NALP1 oligomerization, further demonstrating specificity. Oligomerization of NALP1 was independently confirmed by cryo-electron microscopy, showing a striking increase in particle size when ATP and MDP were supplied. These changes in oligomerization correlated with NALP1-mediated activation of pro-caspase-1. NALP1 was found to bind pro-caspase-1 directly via its CARD domain. In reactions containing only NALP1 and pro-caspase-1, the combination of ATP and MDP induced caspase-1 activation, as determined by hydrolysis of fluorigenic substrate Ac-WEHD-AMC. The Kd values for ATP and for MDP were 13.3 ± 9.06 and 2.89 ± 1.9 nM, respectively. Several nucleotide triphosphates, including GTP, CTP and TTP, effectively substituted for ATP, but not deoxy- or dideoxy-ATP, not ADP or AMP, and not non-hydrolyzable ATP analogs. Adapter protein ASC was not required for NALP1-induced caspase-1 activation, but it enhanced caspase-1 activation, with optimal activity occurring at a ratio of 1:1:2 (ASC: NALP1; pro-caspase-1). The catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) of NALP1 increased from 2715 ± 564 to 4623 ± 770 M−1.s−1 when ASC was supplied. Taken together, studies of the reconstituted NALP1 inflammasome reveal for the first time:ribonucleotide triphosphates are required for oligomerization and caspase-1 activation;MDP directly stimulates NALP1 oligomerization, without requiring a protein co-factor;ASC is non-essential but enhances inflammasome activity when present at optimal ratios relative to NALP1 and procaspase-1.The in vitro reconstituted inflammasome will be useful for further structural and biophysical characterization of this caspase-activating machine and for analysis of chemical inhibitors.
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Mehanna, Hisham, Chris C. McConkey, Joy K. Rahman, Wai-Lup Wong, Alison F. Smith, Chris Nutting, Andrew GJ Hartley et al. "PET-NECK: a multicentre randomised Phase III non-inferiority trial comparing a positron emission tomography–computerised tomography-guided watch-and-wait policy with planned neck dissection in the management of locally advanced (N2/N3) nodal metastases in patients with squamous cell head and neck cancer". Health Technology Assessment 21, n.º 17 (abril de 2017): 1–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/hta21170.

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BackgroundPlanned neck dissection (ND) after radical chemoradiotherapy (CRT) for locally advanced nodal metastases in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remains controversial. Thirty per cent of ND specimens show histological evidence of tumour. Consequently, a significant proportion of clinicians still practise planned ND. Fludeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (PET)–computerised tomography (CT) scanning demonstrated high negative predictive values for persistent nodal disease, providing a possible alternative paradigm to ND. Evidence is sparse and drawn mainly from retrospective single-institution studies, illustrating the need for a prospective randomised controlled trial.ObjectivesTo determine the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of PET–CT-guided surveillance, compared with planned ND, in a multicentre, prospective, randomised setting.DesignA pragmatic randomised non-inferiority trial comparing PET–CT-guided watch-and-wait policy with the current planned ND policy in HNSCC patients with locally advanced nodal metastases and treated with radical CRT. Patients were randomised in a 1 : 1 ratio. Primary outcomes were overall survival (OS) and cost-effectiveness [incremental cost per incremental quality-adjusted life-year (QALY)]. Cost-effectiveness was assessed over the trial period using individual patient data, and over a lifetime horizon using a decision-analytic model. Secondary outcomes were recurrence in the neck, complication rates and quality of life. The recruitment of 560 patients was planned to detect non-inferior OS in the intervention arm with a 90% power and a type I error of 5%, with non-inferiority defined as having a hazard ratio (HR) of no higher than 1.50. An intention-to-treat analysis was performed by Cox’s proportional hazards model.SettingsThirty-seven head and neck cancer-treating centres (43 NHS hospitals) throughout the UK.ParticipantsPatients with locally advanced nodal metastases of oropharynx, hypopharynx, larynx, oral or occult HNSCC receiving CRT and fit for ND were recruited.InterventionPatients randomised to planned ND before or after CRT (control), orCRT followed by fludeoxyglucose PET–CT 10–12 weeks post CRT with ND only if PET–CT showed incomplete or equivocal response of nodal disease (intervention). Balanced by centre, planned ND timing, CRT schedule, disease site and the tumour, node, metastasis stage.ResultsIn total, 564 patients were recruited (ND arm,n = 282; and surveillance arm,n = 282; 17% N2a, 61% N2b, 18% N2c and 3% N3). Eighty-four per cent had oropharyngeal cancer. Seventy-five per cent of tested cases were p16 positive. The median time to follow-up was 36 months. The HR for OS was 0.92 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.65 to 1.32], indicating non-inferiority. The upper limit of the non-inferiority HR margin of 1.50, which was informed by patient advisors to the project, lies at the 99.6 percentile of this estimate (p = 0.004). There were no differences in this result by p16 status. There were 54 NDs performed in the surveillance arm, with 22 surgical complications, and 221 NDs in the ND arm, with 85 complications. Quality-of-life scores were slightly better in the surveillance arm. Compared with planned ND, PET–CT surveillance produced an incremental net health benefit of 0.16 QALYs (95% CI 0.03 to 0.28 QALYs) over the trial period and 0.21 QALYs (95% CI –0.41 to 0.85 QALYs) over the modelled lifetime horizon.LimitationsPragmatic randomised controlled trial with a 36-month median follow-up.ConclusionsPET–CT-guided active surveillance showed similar survival outcomes to ND but resulted in considerably fewer NDs, fewer complications and lower costs, supporting its use in routine practice.Future workPET–CT surveillance is cost-effective in the short term, and long-term cost-effectiveness could be addressed in future work.Trial registrationCurrent Controlled Trials ISRCTN13735240.FundingThis project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment programme and will be published in full inHealth Technology Assessment; Vol. 21, No. 17. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.
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Готцева, Маріана. "A Neurocognitive Perspective on Language Acquisition in Ullman’s DP Model". East European Journal of Psycholinguistics 4, n.º 2 (28 de diciembre de 2017): 24–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.29038/eejpl.2017.4.2.got.

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In the last few decades, the studies in second language acquisition have not answered the question what mechanisms a human’s brain uses to make acquisition of language(s) possible. A neurocognitive model which tries to address SLA from such a perspective was suggested by Ullman (2005; 2015), according to which, “both first and second languages are acquired and processed by well-studied brain systems that are known to subserve particular nonlanguage functions” (Ullman, 2005: 141). The brain systems in question have analogous roles in their language and nonlanguage functions. This article is meant to critically analyse the suggested DP model within the context of neurocognitive studies of L2; and evaluate its contribution to the field of SLA studies. References Aboitiz, F. (1995). Working memory networks and the origin of language areas in the human brain. Medical Hypothesis, 25, 504-506. Aboitiz, F. & Garcia, R. (1977). The anatomy of language revisited. Biological Research, 30, 171-183. Aboitiz, F., Garcia, R., Brunetti, E. & Bosman, C. (2006). The origin of Broca’s area and its connections from an ancestral working memory network. In: Broca’s Region, (pp. 3-16). Y.Grodzinsky and K. Amunts, (Eds.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. Alexander, M. P. (1997). Aphasia: clinical and anatomic aspects. In: Behavioral Neurology and Neuropsychology, (pp. 133–150). T. E. Feinberg, & M. J. Farah, (Eds.). New York: McGraw-Hill. Alexander, G.E., DeLong, M.R. & Strick, P.L. (1986). Parallel organisation of functionally segregated circuits linking basal ganglia and cortex. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 9, 357-381. Anderson, J. R., Bothell, D., Byrne, M. D., Douglass, S., Lebiere, C., Qin, Y. (2004). An integrated theory of the mind. Psychological Review, 111, 1036–1060. Birdsong, D., ed. (1999). Second Language Acquisition and the Critical Period Hypothesis. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Buckner, R. L., & Wheeler, M. E. (2001). The cognitive neuroscience of remembering. Nature Review Neuroscience, 2(9), pp. 624–634. Calabresi, P., Centonze, D., Gubellini, P., Pisani, A. & Bernardi, G. (2000). Acetyl-chlorine-ediated modulation of striatal function. Trends in Neurosciences, 23(3), 120-126. Cepeda, N.J., Vul. E., Rohrer, D., Wixted, J. T., Pashler, H. (2008) Spacing effects in learning: A temporal ridgeline of optimal retention. Psychological Science, 19, 1095-1102. Chun, M.M. (2000). Contextual cueing of visual attention. Trends in Cognitive Science, 4(5), 170-178.Crosson, B., Benefield, H., Cato, M. A., Sadek, R. J., Moore, A. B., Auerbach, E. J., Gokcay, D., Leonard, C.M. & Briggs, R.W. (2003). Left and right basal ganglia activity during language generation: contributions to lexical, semantic and phonological processes. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 9, 1061-1077. Devescovi, A., Caselli, M. C., Marchione, D., Pasqualetti, P., Reilly, J., & Bates, E. (2005). A crosslinguistic study of relationship between grammar and lexical development. Journal of Child Language, 32, 759–786. Di Giulio, D.V., Seidenberg, M., O’Leary, D. S. & Raz, N. (1994). Procedural and declarative memory: a developmental study. Brain and Cognition, 25(1), 79-91. Dionne, G., Dale, P., Boivin, M., & Plomin, R. (2003). Genetic evidence for bidirectional effects of early lexical and grammatical development. Child Development, 74, 394–412. Eichenbaum, H. & Cohen, N.J. (2001). From Conditioning to Conscious Recollection: Memory Systems of the Brain. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Ellis, N.C. (1994). Implicit and Explicit Learning of Languages. New York: Academic Press. Ellis, N.C. (2002). Reflections on frequency effects in language processing. Studies in Second language acquisition, 24, 297-339. Ellis, R., Loewen, S., Elder, C., Erlam, R., Philp, J., Reinders, H. (2009). Implicit and Explicit Knowledge in Second Language Learning, Testing and Teaching. Bristol: Multilingual Matters. Embick, D., Marantz, A., Miyashita, Y., O’Neil, W., & Sakai, K. L. (2000). A syntactic specialization for Broca’s area. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 97, (6150–6154). Fabbro, F., Clarici, A., Bava, A. (1996). Effects of left basal ganglia lesions on language production. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 82(3), 1291–1298. Ferman, S., Olshtain, E., Schechtman, E. & Karni, A. (2009). The acquisition of a linguistic skill by adults: procedural and declarative memory interact in the learning of an artificial morphological rule. Journal of Neurolinguistics, 22, 384-412. Retrieved from: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/jneuroling. Fredriksson, A. (2000). Maze learning and motor activity deficits in adult mice induced by iron exposure during a critical postnatal period. Developmental Brain Research, 119(1), 65-74. Friederici, A. (2002). Towards a neural basis of auditory sentence processing. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 6(2), 78–84. Friederici, A., von Cramon, D., Kotz, S. (1999). Language related brain potentials in patients with cortical and subcortical left hemisphere lesions. Brain, 122, 1033-1047. Goodale, M. A. (2000). Perception and action in the human visual system. In: The New Cognitive Neurosciences, (pp. 365-378). M. S. Gazzaniga, (ed.). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, Hahne, A., Friederichi, D. (2003). Processing a second language: late learners’ comprehension strategies as revealed by event-related brain potentials. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 4, 1-42. Henke, K (2010) A model for memory systems based on processing modes rather than consciousness. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 11, 523–532. Hikosaka, O., Sakai, K., Nakahara, H., Lu, X., Miyachi, S., Nakamura, K., Rand, M. K. (2000). Neural mechanisms for learning of sequential procedures. In: The New Cognitive Neurosciences, (pp. 553-572). M. S. Gazzaniga, (ed.). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Joanisse, M.F., Seidenberg, M.S. (1999). Impairments in verb morphology after brain injury: a connectionist model. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science USA. 96, (7592 –7597). Middleton, F.A., Strick, P.L. (2000). Basal ganglia and cerebral loops: motor and cognitive circuits. Brain research reviews, 31, 236-250. Moro, A., Tettamanti, M., Perani, D., Donati, C., Cappa, S. F., & Fazio, F. (2003). Syntax and the brain: disentangling grammar by selective anomalies. Neuroimage, 13(1), 110–118. Neurolinguistic and Psycholinguistic Perspectives on SLA. (2010). Arabski, J. & Wojtaszek, A. (Eds.), Bristol: Multilingual Matters. Newport, E. (1993). Maturational constraints on language learning. Cognitive Science, 14(1), 11-28. Opitz, B. & Friederichi, A.D. (2003). Interactions of the hippocampal system and the prefrontal cortex in learning language-like rules. Neuroimage, 19(4), 1730-1737. Packard, M.& Knowlton, B. (2002). Learning and memory functions of the basal ganglia. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 25, 563–593. Park, D., Lautenschlager, G., Hedden, T., Davidson, N., Smith, A. & Smith, P. (2002). Models of visuospatial and verbal memory across the adult life span. Psychology and Aging, 16, 299-320. Peelle, J.E., McMillan, C., Moore, P., Grossman, M. & Wingfield, A. (2004). Dissociable patterns of brain activity during comprehension of rapid and syntactically complex speech: evidence from fMRI. Brain and Language, 91, 315-325. Pinker, S. (1994). The Language Instinct. New York: William Morrow. Poldrack, R., Packard, M. G. (2003). Competition among multiple memory systems: converging evidence from animal and human brain studies. Neuropsychologia, 41(3), 245–251. Roediger, H.L., Butler, A.C. (2011). The critical role of retrieval practice in long-term retention. Trends in Cognitive Science, 15, 20-27. Schlaug, G. (2001). The brain of musicians: a model for functional and structural adaptation. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 930(1), 281-299. Squire, L.R., Knowlton, B.J. (2000). The medial temporal lobe, the hippocampus, and the memory systems of the brain. In: The New Cognitive Neurosciences. (pp. 765-780). M. S. Gazzaniga, Ed. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, Squire, L. R., Zola, S. M. (1996). Structure and function of declarative and nondeclarative memory systems. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 93. (13515–13522). Sun, R., Zhang, X. (2004). Top-down versus bottom-up learning in cognitive skill acquisition. Cognitive Systems Research, 5, 63–89. Ullman, M.T. (2004). Contributions of memory circuits to language: the declarative/procedural model. Cognition, 92(1-2), 231-70. Ullman, M.T. (2005). A cognitive neuroscience perspective on second language acquisition: the declarative/procedural model. In: Adult Second Language Acquisition, (pp. 141-178). C. Sanz, (ed.). Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press. Ullman, M.T. & Pieport, E.I. (2005). Specific language impairment is not specific to language: the procedural deficit hypothesis. Cortex, 41, 399-433. Ullman, M. (2006). Is Broca’s area part of a basal ganglia thalamocortical circuit? In: The Cortex: Integrative Models of Broca’s Area and the Ventral Premotor Cortex. (pp. 480-485). R. Schubotz & C. Fiebach, (Eds.). Milan: Masson. Ullman, M. (2015) The declarative / procedural model: A neurobiologically motivated theory of first and second language. In: Theories in Second Language Acquisition: An Introduction, (pp. 135-158.) VanPatten, B. and J. Williams, (Eds.). 2nd ed. New York: Routledge. Ullman, M. and Lovelett, J. (2016). Implications of the declarative / procedural model for improving second language learning: The role of memory enhancement techniques. Second Language Research, Special issue, 1-27. Zurowski, B., Gostomzyk, J., Gron, G., Weller, R., Schirrmeister, H., Neumeier, B., Spitzer, M., Reske, S.N. & Walter, H. (2002). Dissociating a common working memory network from different neural substrates of phonological and spatial stimulus processing. Neuroimage, 15, 45-57.
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Singha, Akram Chandrajit y A. Senorita Devi. "Study of X-ray point sources in NGC 5643 and NGC 7457 with Chandra". Astrophysics and Space Science 362, n.º 12 (13 de noviembre de 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10509-017-3189-6.

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Riffel, Rogemar A., C. Hekatelyne y Izabel C. Freitas. "Outflows in the Seyfert 2 galaxy NGC 5643 traced by the [S iii] emission". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia 35 (2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pasa.2018.31.

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AbstractWe use Gemini Multi-Object Spectrograph integral Field Unit observations of the inner 285 × 400 pc2 region of the Seyfert 2 galaxy NGC 5643 to map the [S iii]λ9069 emission line flux distribution and kinematics, as well as the stellar kinematics, derived by fitting the Ca iiλλλ8498,8542,8662 triplet, at a spatial resolution of 45 pc. The stellar velocity field shows regular rotation, with a projected velocity of 100 km s−1 and kinematic major axis along a position angle of –36°. A ring of low stellar velocity dispersion values (∼70 km s−1), attributed to young/intermediate age stellar populations, is seen surrounding the nucleus with a radius of 50 pc. We found that the [S iii] flux distribution shows an elongated structure along the east–west direction and its kinematics is dominated by outflows within a bi-cone at an ionised gas outflow rate of 0.3 M⊙ yr−1. In addition, velocity slices across the [S iii]λ9069 emission line reveal a kinematic component attributed to rotation of gas in the plane of the galaxy.
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