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Literatura académica sobre el tema "Neurosciences – Aspect moral"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 25 de mayo de 2024

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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Neurosciences – Aspect moral"

GRAF, FRIEDRICH WILHELM. "God's Brain. Some Critical Remarks on Modern Neurotheology". European Review 15, n.º 2 (4 de abril de 2007): 257–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1062798707000257.

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The author starts from an observed increase in theoretical contributions to the debate on neurotheology, illustrated by the example of the moral implications of certain discourse types in the novel God's Brain (Johler and Burow). Central scriptural passages of the Judeo-Christian tradition are then interpreted; a crucial shared aspect of these is the implication of an eternal divine memory, the physiological dimension of which has fostered, not just in terminology, a general openness of theology from the ‘neuronal turn’ to the neurotheological diagnostics since the late 19th century. Once the question of a possible self-reflection by the neurologist is systematically excluded, it becomes obvious that the ‘twilight of neurosciences’ still contains a considerable ideological potential. This is particularly evident in light of the questions addressed since the 1970s, despite the most modern methods in imaging and measurement.

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ÁRNASON, GARDAR. "Neuroimaging, Uncertainty, and the Problem of Dispositions". Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 19, n.º 2 (12 de marzo de 2010): 188–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963180109990454.

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Brain research in neuroscience and related fields is changing our understanding of the brain and its relation to the mind and to human behavior, giving a new impetus to the problem of free will and moral responsibility. The reactions have covered the entire range, from claims to the effect that neuroscientific research is showing that our folk–psychological understanding of conscious free will and moral responsibility is deeply mistaken to claims to the effect that neuroscientific research is irrelevant to moral issues of free will and responsibility. In any case, neuroscience is posing some serious challenges to our conceptions of free will and moral responsibility.

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BULLER, TOM. "The New Ethics of Neuroethics". Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 27, n.º 4 (10 de septiembre de 2018): 558–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963180118000087.

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Abstract:According to a familiar distinction, neuroethics incorporates the neuroscience of ethics and the ethics of neuroscience. Within neuroethics, these two parts have provoked distinct and separate lines of inquiry, and there has been little discussion of how the two parts overlap. In the present article, I try to draw a connection between these two parts by considering the implications that are raised for ethics by scientific findings about the way we make moral decisions. The main argument of the article is that although neuroscience is “stretching” ethics by revealing the empirical basis of our moral decisions and, thereby, challenging our present understanding of the dominant ethical theories, substantial further questions remain regarding the impact that neuroscience will have on ethics more broadly.

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Musto, Lynn C., Patricia A. Rodney y Rebecca Vanderheide. "Toward interventions to address moral distress". Nursing Ethics 22, n.º 1 (10 de junio de 2014): 91–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733014534879.

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Background: The concept of moral distress has been the subject of nursing research for the past 30 years. Recently, there has been a call to move from developing an understanding of the concept to developing interventions to help ameliorate the experience. At the same time, the use of the term moral distress has been critiqued for a lack of clarity about the concepts that underpin the experience. Discussion: Some researchers suggest that a closer examination of how socio-political structures influence healthcare delivery will move moral distress from being seen as located in the individual to an experience that is also located in broader healthcare structures. Informed by new thinking in relational ethics, we draw on research findings from neuroscience and attachment literature to examine the reciprocal relationship between structures and agents and frame the experience of moral distress. Conclusion: We posit moral distress as a form of relational trauma and subsequently point to the need to better understand how nurses as moral agents are influenced by—and influence—the complex socio-political structures they inhabit. In so doing, we identify this reciprocity as a framework for interventions.

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HÄYRY, MATTI. "Neuroethical Theories". Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 19, n.º 2 (12 de marzo de 2010): 165–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963180109990430.

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Neuroethics addresses moral, legal, and social questions created or highlighted by theoretical and practical developments in neuroscience. Practices in need of scrutiny currently include at least brain imaging with new techniques, chemical attempts to shift exceptional brain function toward normality, chemical attempts to enhance ordinary brain function beyond normality, and brain manipulation by other methods.

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LOVELESS, SHERRY E. y JAMES GIORDANO. "Neuroethics, Painience, and Neurocentric Criteria for the Moral Treatment of Animals". Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 23, n.º 2 (4 de febrero de 2014): 163–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963180113000698.

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Abstract:Neuroscience affords knowledge that can be leveraged in the ontological valuation of individuals, groups, and species. Sociocultural sentiments, norms, and mores may impede embracing such knowledge to revise moral attitudes, ethics, and policies. We argue that the practices of neuroethics will be valuable in that they ground ethico-legal discourse in (1) naturalistic philosophy; (2) the current epistemological capital of neuroscience; (3) the issues, problems, and solutions arising in and from neuroscientific research and its applications; and 4) the use of neurocentric criteria—such as painience—to define and resolve ethical decisions regarding attitudes toward and treatment of nonhuman animals.

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Rappaport, Jack M., Stephen B. Richter y Dennis T. Kennedy. "An Innovative Information Technology Educational Framework Based on Embodied Cognition and Sensory Marketing". International Journal of Strategic Decision Sciences 9, n.º 2 (abril de 2018): 85–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsds.2018040106.

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This article describes and implements an innovative framework for information technology (IT) education. The proposed framework creates metaphors for various IT topics using music. The theory of embodied cognition or grounded cognition argues that all aspects of cognition, including decision making, are shaped by aspects of the body. Various theories of neuroscience, the interdisciplinary study of the nervous system, are used to explain how the brain processes the information and multi-modal stimuli generated by the authors' model. The framework proposed in this article can also be considered a form of sensory marketing, which is also based upon embodied cognition, theories of neuroscience and the cognitive significance of metaphors. The model was implemented at the secondary and university levels using both a formative and summative evaluation process. The survey results support the theoretical arguments supplied by many theories of embodied cognition and neuroscience.

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ZULLO, SILVIA. "Naturalizing Responsibility". Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 25, n.º 4 (16 de septiembre de 2016): 700–711. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963180116000426.

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Abstract:In the contemporary debate on the use of the neurosciences in ethics and law, numerous arguments have been bandied about among scientists and philosophers looking to uphold or reject the reliability and validity of scientific findings obtained by brain imaging technologies. Among the most vexing questions is,Can we trust that technology?One point of disagreement is whether brain scans offer a window through which to observe the functioning of the mind, in such a way as to enable lawyers, judges, physicians, and lawmakers to detect anomalies in brain function that may account for criminal unconscious behavior. Those who stand behind brain imaging believe that this can indeed be achieved, whereas those in opposition stress that brain scans are highly open to interpretation and that the data they provide is insufficient to establish causal connections. The question essentially comes down to whether technology can reliably be used to determine the intentions of the individual, thus establishing mens rea, for example, and hence responsibility. This article focuses on the latter notion and explores whether we can rely on the neurosciences to shed light on a complex form of moral and legal reasoning, as well as the role of the neurosciences in reawakening a philosophical and legal interest in trying to set responsibility on an empirical basis.

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Rueda, Jon. "Socrates in the fMRI Scanner: The Neurofoundations of Morality and the Challenge to Ethics". Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 30, n.º 4 (octubre de 2021): 604–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963180121000074.

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AbstractThe neuroscience of ethics is allegedly having a double impact. First, it is transforming the view of human morality through the discovery of the neurobiological underpinnings that influence moral behavior. Second, some neuroscientific findings are radically challenging traditional views on normative ethics. Both claims have some truth but are also overstated. In this article, the author shows that they can be understood together, although with different caveats, under the label of “neurofoundationalism.” Whereas the neuroscientific picture of human morality is undoubtedly valuable if we avoid neuroessentialistic portraits, the empirical disruption of normative ethics seems less plausible. The neuroscience of morality, however, is providing relevant evidence that any empirically informed ethical theory needs to critically consider. Although neuroethics is not going to bridge the is–ought divide, it may establish certain facts that require us to rethink the way we achieve our ethical aspirations.

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Dašić, Dejan, Gruja Kostadinović y Milan Stanković. "Ethical Aspects of Science and Technological Innovations". International Journal of Cognitive Research in Science, Engineering and Education (IJCRSEE) 11, n.º 2 (31 de agosto de 2023): 343–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/2334-8496-2023-11-2-343-350.

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The progress of civilization depends on both science and ethics, on two different ideas. Unlike ethics, which deals with moral principles and ideals that guide human behavior, science is based on logical argumentation, empirical data, and methodical testing. However, as science develops, it often raises ethical questions that must be addressed. As a result, science and ethics are intertwined and both are essential for the moral and long-term advancement of science. This research examines the results of two interconnected processes: the quick development of science and technology and its moral ramifications, or the harm it does to people’s lives all around the world. The writers highlight the need for a qualitative shift in attitudes toward nature and society as a whole in order to address environmental challenges and remove the threat of a global ecological disaster by analyzing the substance and impact of these processes.

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Tesis sobre el tema "Neurosciences – Aspect moral"

Thomasset, Laure. "La neuroéthique saisie par le droit : contribution à l'élaboration d'un droit des neurotechnologies". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 1, 2021. https://buadistant.univ-angers.fr/login?url=https://bibliotheque.lefebvre-dalloz.fr/secure/isbn/9782247226603.

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Née dans les années 2000 pour répondre à une inquiétude éthique grandissante provoquée par les avancées neuroscientifiques, la neuroéthique s’entend comme une réflexion éthique spécifique aux neurosciences. Saisie par le droit depuis la loi de bioéthique du 7 juillet 2011, elle a intégré la sphère juridique sous la forme d 'un régime spécial : le droit des neurotechnologies. Parce que celui-ci relève indéniablement du droit de la bioéthique, la prise en compte du risque sanitaire générée par ces technologies a été une évidence. A l’examen pourtant, la justification de la création de règles spécifiques pour les techniques neuroscientifiques réside d’abord et avant tout dans la présence d’un risque d’une autre nature : le risque comportemental. Curieusement, celui-ci n’a été que peu pris en considération dans ses différents aspects par le législateur. Partant de ce constat, l'objet de cette thèse est d’apporter une contribution à l’élaboration de ce régime spécial, en tentant d’intégrer davantage les enjeux du risque comportemental dans le corps des règles juridiques, sans que l’attention portée au risque sanitaire en souffre par la même occasion. En ce sens, les mesures sont proposées pour chaque famille de neurotechnologies. Concernant les techniques d’imagerie cérébrale, il s’agit de restreindre les finalités autorisées et de corriger les modalités du consentement. Concernant les techniques de neuromodulation, il s’agir de limiter les finalités d’utilisation et de réaménager les règles de la responsabilité
Born in the 2000s with the aim of addressing a growing ethical concern over the neuroscientist advances, neuroethics shall be understood as an ethical reflection related to neurosciences. Seized by law since the law on bioethics dated July, 7th 2011, it was embedded in the legal sphere by means of a special regime, namely neurotechnology law. Since the latter undeniably fails within bioethics law, the health risk arising from these technologies was self-evidently considered. After scrutiny though, the rationale behind creating rules peculiar to neuroscientist technologies mainly lies in the presence of a different risk : the behavioural risk. Surprisingly, such risk was given cursory consideration only in its various aspects by the legislature. Based on this observation, the purpose of this thesis is to make a contribution to the development of the aforementioned special regime, by seeking to integrate further the behavioural risk issues without detriment to the consideration already given to the health risk. Towards that end, measures are proposed for each family of neurotechnologics. As regards cerebral imaging technologies, this includes restricting their permissible purposes as well as correcting the conditions for prior consent. With respect, to neuromodulation technologies, it is a question, of limiting their purpose for use and to overhaul the liability rules

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FeldmanHall, Oriel. "A neuro-cognitive investigation of human moral decision-making in real and hypothetical contexts". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610657.

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Gauthier, Élaine. "Les fondements naturels du jugement moral : rationalisme et sentimentalisme à l'ère des neurosciences". Mémoire, 2011. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/4621/1/M12313.pdf.

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Ce mémoire porte sur les fondements naturels du jugement moral et l'objectif principal de ce travail est de faire ressortir l'importance de revoir nos conceptions philosophiques sur ce sujet. C'est en nous appuyant sur deux principaux modèles philosophiques, le sentimentalisme et le rationalisme, que nous identifions les éléments constitutifs du jugement moral. L'étude de ces modèles se réfère aux travaux de David Hume et Emmanuel Kant et permet de souligner que la définition du rôle des émotions et de la raison dans la formation du jugement moral diffère dans chacune de ces conceptions. Ensuite, c'est en nous appuyant sur le modèle intuitionniste social proposé par Jonathan Haidt que nous étudions l'influence humienne sur la conception contemporaine du jugement moral. La problématique soulevée se trouvant essentiellement dans une dichotomie entre les définitions que proposent les modèles sentimentaliste et rationaliste en ce qui a trait aux rôles respectifs des émotions et de la raison, nous tentons d'éclairer le problème en exposant différentes études neuroscientifiques sur la question afin de reconsidérer les définitions présentées. Pour ce faire, nous nous intéressons à la question morale d'un point de vue phylogénique et ontogénique. D'abord, en étudiant les fondements génétiques, les bases neuronales, les fondements émotionnels et les mécanismes fondamentaux, ensuite en étudiant les déterminants sociaux et culturels. Finalement, nous concluons avec l'idée que les théories philosophiques contemporaines peuvent tirer certains bénéfices en considérant les observations scientifiques récentes au sujet des fondements du jugement moral. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Jugement moral, sentimentalisme, rationalisme, intuitionnisme social, neurosciences.

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COPPOLA, Federica. "The moral brain and the guilty mind : toward an emotion-oriented general theory of culpability informed by the neuroscience of moral decision-making and antisocial behavior". Doctoral thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/46848.

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Defence date: 15 June 2017
Examining Board: Prof. Dennis Patterson, European University Institute (EUI Supervisor); Prof. Lisa Claydon, The Open University Law School; Prof. David Roef, Maastricht University; Prof. Stephen Morse, University of Pennsylvania Law School
Criminal culpability relies upon a rationalist conception of criminal decision-making. According to this rationalist view, criminal decisions are nothing more nor less than the result of intellect-governed instrumental reasoning, aimed at maximizing one’s pleasure to the detriment of the interests of other individuals. Therefore, culpability is grounded solely in offenders’ cognitive intelligential faculties, by virtue of which offenders know the meaning of their criminal actions, and thus willfully choose to act upon their antisocial impulses. While cognitive intellect is thought to be the only mental source of criminal decision-making, emotions are presumed to have no bearing on the deliberative processes leading to rational criminal choices. Criminal law thus excludes emotions from the essential mental components of culpability, as well as of culpability doctrines. The criminal law’s rationalist model of the culpable agent quo calculating, emotionallycold actor collides with the huge body of neuroscientific literature about the influential role of emotions on (im)moral decision-making processes. For emotions appear to be critical in either informing, or hindering, moral decisions - and behavior–, neuroscientific disciplines vigorously hypothesize that antisocial behavior is also, and significantly, emotion-influenced rather than solely cognition-driven. Drawing upon these scientific insights, this dissertation reforms the rationalist tenets of culpability by including emotions in its relevant psychological set. It therefore provides a broader paradigm of the “legally relevant mind”, one in which emotional, cognitive, and volitional spheres play an equally important role in determining criminal choices. It then offers a normative argument for reconsidering the overall meaning of culpability in light of the real mental processes that undergird and guide moral decision-making and antisocial behavior. The argument emphasizes that an emotion-oriented understanding of culpability better reflects the meaning of blameworthiness, and exhibits greater compliance with the principle of personal guilt. The investigation then tests the newly developed emotion-oriented conception of culpability, informed by moral neuroscience, on culpability doctrines – notably, the mens rea state of criminal intent, insanity, and diminished capacity. After integrating the new paradigm of legally relevant mind in the respective psychological sets of said doctrines, the study reconsiders their conceptual substance, and provides revised formulations of their standards. The dissertation concludes with an analysis of the potential implications of this neuroscientifically informed theory of culpability for forensic and correctional contexts.

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Libros sobre el tema "Neurosciences – Aspect moral"

Benno, Hess y Plogg Detlev, eds. Neurosciences and ethics: Federal Republic of Germany, Klostergut Jakobsberg, 20-25 April, 1986. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1988.

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A, Rees David y Rose, Steven P. R. 1938-, eds. The new brain sciences: Perils and prospects. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2004.

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The ethical brain. New York, NY: Dana Press, 2004.

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Marcus, Steven. Neuroethics: Mapping the field : conference proceedings, May 13-14, 2002, San Francisco, California. New York: Dana Press, 2002.

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Foundation, Charles A. Dana, ed. Neuroethics: Mapping the field : conference proceedings, May 13-14, 2002, San Francisco, California. New York: Dana Press, 2002.

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L'éthique à l'écoute des neurosciences. Paris: Les Belles lettres, 2013.

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Ethics and the neurosciences: Ethical and social consequences of neuroscientific progress. Paderborn: Mentis, 2010.

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A, Van Slyke James, ed. Theology and the science of moral action: Virtue ethics, exemplarity, and cognitive neuroscience. New York: Routledge, 2012.

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The Oxford handbook of neuroethics. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011.

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Orts, Adela Cortina. Neuroética y neuropolítica: Sugerencias para la educación moral. Madrid: Tecnos, 2011.

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Capítulos de libros sobre el tema "Neurosciences – Aspect moral"

"Introduction". En Sensory Individuals, editado por Aleksandra Mroczko-Wąsowicz y Rick Grush, 1–16. Oxford University PressOxford, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198866305.003.0001.

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Abstract This collection of new essays on sensory individuals in unimodal and multimodal perception features contributions by outstanding researchers in the fields of philosophy of perception, experimental psychology, and cognitive neuroscience. The topics investigated include conceptual, developmental, and methodological aspects of object perception, and especially how various sense modalities construct their objects from sensory features and feature bearers. The interdisciplinary approach offered has enabled new directions in research on this subject. As ordered in this volume, the topics of the contributions progress from treating neural sensory processes as primarily unisensory towards approaches that take perceptual processing to be modality-independent, meta-modal, and multimodal. Even within these latter approaches, sensory stimuli, sensory properties, brain activations, and corresponding perceptual phenomenology have often been characterized in a modality-specific way. Thus, it is timely to explore the relation between those processes that are unisensory and those that are multisensory. One of the primary themes of this collection is examining whether the basic building blocks of human perception are best understood as modality-dependent units of different forms or in terms of multimodal perceptual objects. Another theme is the relation between low-level object processing (segmentation and perceptual grouping processes) and high-level object knowledge embracing object concept and object-related expectations. A final theme is the role that perceptual objects play as loci of unification in unimodal and multimodal perception, namely that they enable binding and integration of sensory properties to individual entities or events.

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