Literatura académica sobre el tema "Neurone artificiel analogique"
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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Neurone artificiel analogique"
Grinbaum, Alexei, François Euvé y Nathalie Sarthou-Lajus. "Parler avec les machines". Études Septembre, n.º 10 (23 de agosto de 2023): 55–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/etu.4307.0055.
Texto completoTesis sobre el tema "Neurone artificiel analogique"
Schoonjans, Nathan. "Établissement d'une boucle de communication bidirectionnelle entre des neurones vivants et des neurones artificiels analogiques pour la conception de neurobiohybrides de nouvelle génération". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/ToutIDP/EDENGSYS/2023/2023ULILN056.pdf.
Texto completoNeurobiohybrids are systems composed of an artificial element, a living component and their interface. These powerful tools enable the functional connection of electronic elements and neuronal structures both in vitro and in vivo. Many neurobiohybrid systems, more commonly known as neuroprostheses, are used in medicine to improve the quality of life of patients with disabilities (deafness, visual impairment, paralysis) by enabling them to recover, at least partly, lost physiological functions. Current neuroprostheses are unidirectional (they stimulate OR record the activity of targeted neurons) and are particularly energy-intensive. Integrating a feedback loop into these systems so that they could communicate bidirectionally in real time with nerve tissues would improve their efficiency and effectiveness, while broadening the range of their therapeutic potential. The main difficulty to overcome for enabling such a loop is to find an autonomous and sufficiently miniaturized signal processing system. In 2017, the Circuits Systèmes Applications des Micro-ondes (CSAM) group at Lille's Institute of Electronics, Microelectronics and Nanotechnologies (IEMN) published an ultra-efficient artificial neuron in terms of energy consumption that could meet these needs. This neuron generates biomimetic action potentials of similar shape, amplitude and frequency compared to living neurons, and is entirely analog. In a previous PhD work, it was shown that such biomimetic action potentials can trigger electric activity in living neurons. Following this demonstration, the present work aims to establish the proof-of-concept of the complete bidirectional communication loop between living neurons and these artificial neurons. To reach this goal, three main objectives were set: 1- Optimize the design and technology of a neurobiohybrid interface; 2- Select living cells for in vitro use and characterize them both morphologically and functionally; 3- Establish a first bidirectional communication loop between these living neurons and artificial neurons through the neurobiohybrid interface. This manuscript presents the manufacturing and optimization steps of the interface, whose surface has been enhanced to optimize recording conditions in an electrolytic environment, notably by adding a passivation layer to isolate the access lines and by developing methods to optimize cell position on the electrodes. The electrically active cells chosen for this demonstration (murine pituitary endocrine GH4C1 cells, an established cell line, and human glutamatergic neurons derived from induced pluripotent stem cells) were characterized by patch-clamp, fluorescence imaging and calcium imaging. The first recordings of the electrical activity of GH4C1 cells grown in a neurobiohybrid interface were carried out on an electronic recording bench designed and optimized in-house for detecting very low amplitude signals. This work also led to the development of an electrical model implemented in LTSPICE software, integrating electrical signals emitted by GH4C1 cells as recorded through the neurobiohybrid interface. This enabled the establishment of a bidirectional communication loop between living and artificial neurons. To conclude, this work opens the way to a new generation of bidirectional neuroprostheses
Laflaquière, Arnaud. "Neurones artificiels sur silicium : conception analogique et construction de réseaux hybrides". Bordeaux 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR10617.
Texto completoSaïghi, Sylvain. "SYSTÈMES NEUROMORPHIQUES ANALOGIQUES : CONCEPTION ET USAGES". Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01017791.
Texto completoBornat, Yannick. "Réseaux de neurones sur silicium : une approche mixte, analogique / numérique, pour l'étude des phénomènes d'adaptation, d'apprentissage et de plasticité". Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00181353.
Texto completoBedecarrats, Thomas. "Etude et intégration d’un circuit analogique, basse consommation et à faible surface d'empreinte, de neurone impulsionnel basé sur l’utilisation du BIMOS en technologie 28 nm FD-SOI". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAT045.
Texto completoWhile Moore’s law reaches its limits, microelectronics actors are looking for new paradigms to ensure future developments of our information society. Inspired by biologic nervous systems, neuromorphic engineering is providing new perspectives which have already enabled breakthroughs in artificial intelligence. To achieve sufficient performances to allow their spread, neural processors have to integrate neuron circuits as small and as low power(ed) as possible so that artificial neural networks they implement reach a critical size. In this work, we show that it is possible to reduce the number of components necessary to design an analogue spiking neuron circuit thanks to the functionalisation of parasitic generation currents in a BIMOS transistor integrated in 28 nm FD-SOI technology and sized with the minimum dimensions allowed by this technology. After a systematic characterization of the FD-SOI BIMOS currents under several biases through quasi-static measurements at room temperature, a compact model of this component, adapted from the CEA-LETI UTSOI one, is proposed. The BIMOS-based leaky, integrate-and-fire spiking neuron (BB-LIF SN) circuit is described. Influence of the different design and bias parameters on its behaviour observed during measurements performed on a demonstrator fabricated in silicon is explained in detail. A simple analytic model of its operating boundaries is proposed. The coherence between measurement and compact simulation results and predictions coming from the simple analytic model attests to the relevance of the proposed analysis. In its most successful achievement, the BB-LIF SN circuit is 15 µm², consumes around 2 pJ/spike, triggers at a rate between 3 and 75 kHz for 600 pA to 25 nA synaptic currents under a 3 V power supply
Rummens, François. "Systèmes intégrés pour l'hybridation vivant-artificiel : modélisation et conception d'une chaîne de détection analogique adaptative". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0431/document.
Texto completoBioelectronics is a transdisciplinary field which develops interconnection devicesbetween biological systems presenting electrical activity and the world of electronics. Thiscommunication with living tissues implies to observe the electrical activity of the cells andtherefore requires an electronic acquisition chain.The use of Multi / Micro Electrode Array leads to systems that acquire a large numberof parallel channels, thus consumption and congestion of acquisition circuits have asignificant impact on the viability of the system to be implanted.This thesis proposes two reflections about these acquisition circuits. One of thesereflections relates to amplifier circuits, their input impedance and consumption; the otherconcerns an analogue action potentials detector, its modeling and optimization.These theoretical work leading to concrete results, an ASIC was designed,manufactured, tested and characterized in this thesis. This eight-channel ASIC thereforeincludes amplifiers and analogue action potentials detector and is the main contribution of thisthesis
Hedayat, Sara. "Conception et fabrication de neurones artificiels pour le traitement bioinspiré de l'information". Thesis, Lille 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1I039/document.
Texto completoCurrent computing technology has now reached its limits and it becomes thus urgent to propose new paradigms for information processing capable of reducing the energy consumption while improving the computing performances. Moreover, the human brain, is a fascinating and powerful organ with remarkable performances in areas as varied as learning, creativity, fault tolerance. Furthermore, with its total 300 billion cells, is able to perform complex cognitive tasks by consuming only around 20W. In this context, we investigated a new paradigm called neuromorphic or bio-inspired information processing.More precisely, the purpose of this thesis was to design and fabricate an ultra-low power artificial neuron using recent advances in neuroscience and nanotechnology. First, we investigated the functionalities of living neurons, their neuronal membrane and explored different membrane models known as Hodgkin Huxley, Wei and Morris Lecar models. Second, based on the Morris Lecar model, we designed analog spiking artificial neurons with different time constants and these neurons were fabricated using 65nm CMOS technology. Then we characterized these artificial neurons and obtained state of the art performances in terms of area, dissipated power and energy efficiency. Finally we investigated the noise within these artificial neurons, compared it with the biological sources of noise in a living neuron and experimentally demonstrated the stochastic resonance phenomenon. These artificial neurons can be extremely useful for a large variety of applications, ranging from data analysis (image and video processing) to medical aspect (neuronal implants)
Pican, Nicolas. "Approches statique et dynamique de la modulation des efficacités synaptiques dans les réseaux de neurones". Nancy 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NAN10064.
Texto completoSaïghi, Sylvain. "Circuits et systèmes de modélisation analogique de réseaux de neurones biologiques : application au développement d'outils pour les neurosciences computationnelles". Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00326005.
Texto completoBennett, Christopher H. "Apprentissage local avec des dispositifs de mémoire hautement analogiques". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS037/document.
Texto completoIn the next era of distributed computing, brain-based computers that perform operations locally rather than in remote servers would be a major benefit in reducing global energy costs. A new generation of emerging nonvolatile memory devices is a leading candidate for achieving this neuromorphic vision. Using theoretical and experimental work, we have explored critical issues that arise when physically realizing modern artificial neural network (ANN) architectures using emerging memory devices (“memristors”). In our experimental work, we showed organic nanosynapses adapting automatically as logic gates via a companion digital neuron and programmable logic cell (FGPA). In our theoretical work, we also considered multilayer memristive ANNs. We have developed and simulated random projection (NoProp) and backpropagation (Multilayer Perceptron) variants that use two crossbars. These local learning systems showed critical dependencies on the physical constraints of nanodevices. Finally, we examined how feed-forward ANN designs can be modified to exploit temporal effects. We focused in particular on improving bio-inspiration and performance of the NoProp system, for example, we improved the performance with plasticity effects in the first layer. These effects were obtained using a silver ionic nanodevice with intrinsic plasticity transition behavior
Actas de conferencias sobre el tema "Neurone artificiel analogique"
ORLIANGES, Jean-Christophe, Younes El Moustakime, Aurelian Crunteanu STANESCU, Ricardo Carrizales Juarez y Oihan Allegret. "Retour vers le perceptron - fabrication d’un neurone synthétique à base de composants électroniques analogiques simples". En Les journées de l'interdisciplinarité 2023. Limoges: Université de Limoges, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.25965/lji.761.
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