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Handelman, Corinne. "Natural Area Stewardship Volunteers| Motivations, Attitudes, Behaviors." Thesis, Portland State University, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1543073.
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<p>To better understand the value of those who engage in environmental stewardship of natural areas, we studied volunteer steward's motivation to participate, their sustainable behaviors and attitudes toward stewardship-related constructs. Specifically, we designed and conducted a survey of volunteers who work as stewards in urban natural areas in Portland, Oregon. We hypothesize that as volunteer frequency increases: participants will be more motivated to participate for environmental reasons, volunteers will be more likely to feel a strong connection to the stewardship site, participants will be more likely to engage in public pro-environmental behaviors, and their level of environmental literacy will increase. Participants were sampled using a face-to-face survey methodology over the course of late winter and spring of 2012 during 18 different Portland Parks and Recreation sponsored stewardship events. We examined the motivations, attitudes and behaviors of the volunteers, and devised appropriate management implications for those organizing volunteer efforts. We equated a three-tiered typology of environmental literacy, based upon the frequency of volunteer participation, and analyzed our survey data using a principal component analysis, generalized linear models, and a qualitative coding analysis. The most frequent participants showed a higher likelihood of participation in public environmental behaviors, whereas participants at all frequency levels were also likely to participate in private environmental behaviors, such as removing invasive plants in one's yard. Volunteers across all frequencies of participation were motivated to engage in stewardship events by a desire to help the environment. By understanding volunteers' motivations and linked behaviors, park managers may gain insights about the recruitment, retention, and messaging of volunteers upon whom they may depend to achieve restoration goals. We recommend considering volunteers' motivations and benefits derived from participation in messaging to recruit and retain volunteers. Additionally, park managers should take advantage of educational opportunities linked to stewardship events, such as training programs and chances for volunteer mentorship.</p>
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Zhuge, Ren. "Local communities and protected areas in China : development, conservation and management /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2001. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16216.pdf.
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Searle, Damien J. "Managing fragile environments : a case study of beach camping impacts on world heritage listed Fraser Island /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2000. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16275.pdf.
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Charpentier, Poncelet Alexandre. "Addressing the dissipation of mineral resources in life cycle assessment : Improving concepts and development of impact assessment methods for 61 metals." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021BORD0319.
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Les flux dissipatifs de ressources minérales sont au cœur de l'évaluation de l'impact environnemental, car ils sont nocifs pour l'environnement et représentent un gaspillage de ressources non renouvelables. L'analyse du cycle de vie (ACV) est un outil d'évaluation environnementale reconnu encadré par les normes ISO 14040/44, visant généralement à prévenir les impacts sur trois aires de protection: la santé des écosystèmes, la santé humaine, et les ressources naturelles. Traditionnellement, l'impact de l’extraction sur l’épuisement des ressources minérales a été évalué pour mesurer l’impact sur l’aire de protection ressources naturelles. Cependant, les tendances récentes des discussions au sein de la communauté ACV suggèrent que la dissipation des minéraux peut être plus pertinente à évaluer, car elle représente la perte réelle de matériaux qui ne sont plus accessibles pour une utilisation future, alors que l'épuisement des stocks géologiques peut en fait être considéré souhaitable tant et aussi longtemps que les ressources minérales restent accessibles pour une réutilisation future.Cette thèse a pour objectif d'améliorer la prise en compte des flux dissipatifs de ressources minérales dans le cadre de l'ACV, en particulier sur l’aire de protection des ressources naturelles. D'une manière générale, deux thèmes sous-jacents sont inclus dans l'objectif: améliorer la compréhension des impacts de l'utilisation des ressources minérales sur l’aire de protection ressources naturelles, et développer une méthode d’évaluation des impacts environnementaux permettant de quantifier ces impacts en relation avec la dissipation des ressources minérales.Nous étudions d'abord les impacts reliant les interventions humaines à l’aire de protection ressources naturelles. Cette étude permet d’établir les liens entre les flux de ressources minérales et l’aire de protection, afin de fournir un cadre cohérent pour évaluer les impacts de l'utilisation des ressources minérales sur celle-ci en utilisant plusieurs méthodes d’évaluation des impacts à la fois. Ensuite, nous explorons les concepts et la terminologie entourant la dissipation et proposons un cadre conceptuel pour aborder la dissipation des ressources minérales en utilisant des données d’analyse de flux de matière dynamiques. Deux options sont identifiées : retravailler les inventaires de cycle de vie actuels pour intégrer les flux dissipatifs et développer une méthode d'évaluation de l'impact du cycle de vie appropriée, ou proposer une méthode d’évaluation des impacts intégrant la dissipation dans le calcul de ses facteurs de caractérisation et qui peut être appliquée directement aux flux d'extraction dans les données d’inventaires actuelles. La deuxième option est retenue pour la suite de la thèse.Des données sont collectées pour 61 éléments métalliques et des résultats d’analyse de flux de matière dynamique sont obtenus pour ces derniers. Nous proposons alors deux méthodes pour mesurer l’impact de la dissipation sur les ressources minérales : le taux de dissipation moyen (ADR, pour « average dissipation rate ») et le temps de service potentiel perdu (LPST, pour « lost potential service time »). A partir des résultats d’analyse de flux de matière dynamique, des facteurs de caractérisation midpoint sont calculés pour 61 métaux. En outre, les facteurs de caractérisation endpoint sont proposés à l'aide d'un indice basé sur les prix. Enfin, les facteurs de caractérisation sont appliqués à un large éventail d'ensembles de données d'inventaires de cycle de vie afin d'observer les tendances à attendre dans les études ACV couvrant la dissipation des ressources minérales en utilisant les méthodes développées. Ces résultats sont comparés à ceux d'autres méthodes fréquemment utilisées pour évaluer les impacts de l’utilisation de ressources minérales<br>Dissipative flows of mineral resources are central to environmental impact assessment, since they are harmful to the environment and embody a wasteful use of non-renewable resources. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a recognized environmental assessment tool framed by the ISO 14040/44 norms, typically aiming to prevent damage on three areas of protection (AoP): ecosystem health, human health, and natural resources.Traditionally, the depletion of mineral resources has been assessed to quantify impacts on the AoP natural resources. However, recent trends in discussion within the LCA community suggest that dissipation of minerals may be more relevant to assess, since they represent the real loss of materials that are no longer accessible for future use, whereas the depletion of geological stocks may actually be considered to be desirable for as long as mineral resources remain accessible for further human use.This thesis has the objective to improve the consideration of dissipative flows of mineral resources in the LCA framework, focusing on the AoP natural resources. Broadly speaking, two topics are encompassed within the objective: improving the understanding of the impacts of mineral resource use on the AoP natural resources, and developing a life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) method allowing to quantify these impacts in relation to the dissipation of mineral resources.We first investigate the impact pathways relating human interventions to the AoP natural resources. The relation between resource flows and the AoP natural resources is studied in order to provide a coherent framework to assess the impacts of mineral resource use on the AoP using multiple LCIA methods at once. Then, we explore concepts and terminology surrounding dissipation and propose a conceptual framework to address the dissipation of mineral resources based on dynamic material flow analysis (MFA) data. Two options are identified: reworking current life cycle inventories to integrate dissipative flows and develop a life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) method accordingly, or propose a LCIA method that integrates dissipation in the calculation of its characterization factors that can be applied to extraction flows in the current inventories. The second option is further developed in this thesis.In order to develop LCIA methods, data is collected for 61 metallic elements and dynamic material flow analysis results are computed for them. We then propose two methods to measure the impact of dissipation on mineral resources: the average dissipation rate (ADR) and the potential service time lost (LPST). Based on the dynamic material flow analysis results, midpoint characterization factors are calculated for 61 metals. In addition, endpoint characterization factors are computed using a price-based index. Finally, the characterization factors are applied to a wide range of life cycle inventory datasets in order to observe the trends to be expected in LCA studies covering the dissipation of mineral resources using the developed methods. These results are compared to those of other frequently used LCIA methods to address the impacts of mineral resource use
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Oliveira, Teresa Rachel Costa de. "Identificação e análise dos fatores críticos para implantação de negócios hoteleiros sustentáveis na APA chapada do Araripe /." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/152562.
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Previous issue date: 2017-11-23<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)<br>Compreender o meio ambiente como um sistema frágil e limitado é uma necessidade atual e somente por meio de estratégias e ferramentas voltadas para a sustentabilidade socioambiental dos recortes locais pode-se pensar no equilíbrio de áreas de proteção ambiental, como é o caso da APA da Chapada do Araripe. Neste recorte espacial, a atividade turística encontra-se em forte expansão e é relevante as preocupações em busca de tornar a atividade compatível com a preservação e a conservação desse ambiente destino. Parte integrante dos equipamentos turístico, os meios de hospedagens são reconhecidos na literatura consultada como uma atividade geradora de significativos impactos ao meio ambiente e, quando instalados em áreas de ecossistemas frágeis, demandam intervenções que possam orientar e disciplinar o uso desse espaço. Fiel ao principio que a sustentabilidade é sempre situada, esta tese teve como objetivo geral identificar os fatores críticos para a promoção de negócios hoteleiros sustentáveis na APA Chapada do Araripe, e como objetivos específicos historiar a evolução da intervenção humana na área da APA Chapada do Araripe, identificar os principais impactos gerados pelas atividades econômicas atuais e rastrear os indicadores mais significativos para a construção de uma hotelaria sustentável para esta unidade de conservação e por fim, propor uma norma situada que possa nortear os meios de hospedagens na busca de uma gestão sustentável para a atividade. Baseados em métodos, como estudo de campo e estudo de caso, e em técnicas de entrevistas que envolveram o julgamento de especialistas, esta pesquisa chegou a conclusão de que modelos gerais não teriam, neste momento a adesão dos pequenos e médios hotéis localizados na Área de Proteção Ambiental da Chapada do Araripe, atribuindo esta constatação ao número expressivo de variáveis envolvidas, a ausência das singularidades regionais e principalmente pelo alto custo da certificação. Em resposta á hipótese levantada na tese, que apontou para a necessidade do desenvolvimento de um modelo de certificação centrado nas especificidades locais, foi elaborada uma proposta de certificação para a hotelaria regional, delineada para suprir as necessidades especificas do recorte local, composta pelas variáveis identificadas como mais significativas para a sustentabilidade da APA Chapada do Araripe. Após a construção teórica do modelo, a proposta foi apresentada a um grupo de especialistas, envolvendo empresários do setor hoteleiro, gestores de órgãos ambientais, ambientalistas e pesquisadores da área em análise, que avaliaram, sugeriram ajustes e por fim validaram o modelo.<br>Understanding the environment as a fragile and limited system is a current need. Only through strategies and tools geared to the socio-environmental sustainability of local cuts may one think of the balance of environmental protection areas such as the APA (place for forest protection) in the Chapada of Araripe. In this spatial cut, tourism activity is in strong expansion and concerns are relevant in seeking to make the activity compatible with the preservation and conservation of these destination environments. An integral part of tourism equipment, lodging facilities are recognized in the literature as an activity that generates significant impacts to the environment and when installed in areas of fragile ecosystems require interventions that can guide and discipline the use of this space. Faithful to the principle that sustainability is always located, this thesis had, as general objective, to identify the critical factors for the promotion of sustainable hotel business in the APA in the Chapada do Araripe, and as specific goals to record the evolution of human intervention in the APA area. Identify the main impacts generated by the current economic activities and trace the most significant indicators for the construction of a sustainable hotel for this conservation unit and, finally, propose a situated norm that can guide the means of lodging in the search of sustainable management for the activity. Based on methods such as field study and case study and interviews techniques that involved the judgment of specialists, this research concluded that general models would not have at present the adhesion of small and medium hotels located in the area of environmental protection of the Chapada do Araripe. Attributing this finding to the expressive number of variables involved the absence of regional singularities and mainly due to the high cost of certification. In response to the hypothesis raised in the thesis was developed a certification model for regional hospitality centered on local specificities and composed of the variables identified as most significant for the sustainability of APA. After the theoretical construction of the model, the proposal presented to a group of experts who evaluated, suggested adjustments and finally validated the model<br>N. 9183/2012
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Gerhardinger, Leopoldo Cavaleri 1979. "Inovação, governabilidade e protagonismo de pessoas-chave na Área de Proteção Ambiental da Baleia Franca (Santa Catarina, Brasil)." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/281118.
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Orientadores: Cristiana Simão Seixas, Célia Regina Tomiko Futemma<br>Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T17:01:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 2014<br>Resumo: Esta tese versa sobre o papel de pessoas-chave e inovações institucionais na governança, com efeitos na capacidade de governar (governabilidade) áreas marinhas protegidas. Apresentamos um estudo de caso empírico sobre o litoral centro-sul do Estado de Santa Catarina (Brasil) onde indicações preliminares (2007) apontavam que a governabilidade sobre o território se destacava nacionalmente, em parte pelo protagonismo de pessoas-chave em um sistema governante com jurisdição regional denominado Área de Proteção Ambiental da Baleia Franca (APA-BF; criada em 2000 abrangendo 156.000 hectares). Partimos assim da hipótese de que a agência de pessoas-chave em interações governantes (sensu Jan Kooiman) e contextos comunicativos (sensu Gregory Bateson) ligados à APA-BF aumentaram a governabilidade no território centro-sul do estado de Santa Catarina na última década. A pesquisa incluiu dados secundários e primários (entrevistas semi-estruturadas e observação participante). Análises foram feitas sobre a governabilidade estrutural e funcional geral e sobre questões específicas de governança com foco nas questões pesqueiras emergentes no Conselho Gestor da APA-BF (CONAPA-BF). A trajetória da APA-BF demonstrou um caso excepcional de experimentação institucional formal face às condições sociopolíticas operantes no Estado Brasileiro (que criam "problemas perversos", sensu Rittel e Weber, 1979). Observamos que os padrões de inovação são explicados a partir de mudanças na governabilidade em sete fases na trajetória do sistema governante da APA-BF. A identidade transgressiva do CONAPA-BF diferencia-se pela autoafirmação da busca pelo novo, pelo aprendizado e colaboração social gradativamente ampliada em um território em acelerada transformação socioambiental. Descrevemos o aumento gradativo de governabilidade que se iniciou desde o passo-zero (sensu Chuenpagdee et al., 2013) de criação da APA-BF, culminando em 2012 com a abertura de uma janela de oportunidade para inovação estrutural na governança costeira-marinha em nível nacional, i.e. com a designação oficial do processo de elaboração de um Plano de Manejo `Estratégico¿ para a APA-BF como um projeto-piloto para o Estado Brasileiro. Observamos as coerências e desafios surgidos no discurso de inovação e o relevante protagonismo desempenhado pelas pessoas-chave em cada uma das sete fases e em períodos críticos de estruturação e reorganização do sistema governante. As pessoas-chave foram importantes para o tamponamento de distúrbios (sensu Holling 2001) no sistema governante, bem como são responsáveis pela incidência e atração de novos enfoques de ação tendo em vista a colaboração e aprendizado interativo. Tais pessoas-chave tiveram papel fundamental desde a re-estruturação do sistema governante até a abertura de oportunidades para a inovação institucional e a navegação de períodos transformativos neste sistema. Seus atributos pessoais afetaram a capacidade de governanca do sistema, principalmente na melhor formulação da imagem dos problemas a serem enfrentados, contribuindo com as capacidades do sistema governante (governabilidade funcional) e na condutibilidade geral das interações governantes. Oferecemos algumas sugestões gerais para o aumento da governabilidade na APA-BF, incluindo: (i) melhor integração junto as redes sociais virtuais ligadas ao território; (ii) promoção de estruturas interinstitucionais sensíveis à diversidade política no território; (iii) melhor aproveitamento do potencial das artes e atividades lúdicas em interações formais e informais; (iv) emprego de imagens alternativas à da Baleia (como ícone) para a comunicação social relacionada ao sistema governante APA e; (v) reinvidicação de maior amparo do Estado Brasileiro para os processos de experimentação e inovação institucional. Algumas destas sugestões podem ser relevantes também para aumentar a governabilidade de outras áreas marinhas protegidas no Brasil. Por fim, mesmo diante de tantos desafios, concluimos que muitas pessoas-chave e outros atores já compartilham das imagens alternativas de governança necessárias para navegar a transformação rumo a um regime de maior governabilidade. Ao enfrentarem desafios de várias ordens, os atores poderão não apenas manter o desempenho até então alcançado, mas avançarem em padrões de interação criativos e sinérgicos para ampliar e conjugar o potencial contido nas capacidades pessoais, institucionais e políticas de cada um<br>Abstract: This thesis investigate the role of key-people in institutional innovations in governance systems, particularly their effects on the capacity to govern (governability) marine protected areas. We present an empirical study case on the central-southern coast of Santa Catarina state (Brazil) where preliminary indications (in 2007) signalled that governability over the territory was outstanding nationally, partly due to the agency of key-people in a governing system with regional jurisdiction, namely the Baleia Franca Environmental Protection Area (BF-EPA; designated in 200 encompassing 156.000 hectares). We departed from the hypothesis that the agency of key-people in governing interactions (sensu Jan Kooiman) and communicative contexts (sensu Gregory Bateson) linked to the BF-EPA raised the governability of the above mentioned territory in the past decade. Our research included secondary and primary data (semi-structured interviews and participant observation). Analyses were made over general structural and functional governability as well as on specific governing issues with a focus on emergent fishing issues at the BF-EPA Management Council (BF-EPA MC). The trajectory of BF-EPA demonstrated an exceptional case of formal institutional experimentation in face of the operating sociopolitical conditions of the Brazilian State (which poses "wicked-problems", sensu Rittel and Weber, 1979). We have observed that innovation patterns can be explained through changes in governability in seven phases of the focal governing system. The transgressive identity of the BF-EPA Management Council is differentiated by its self-affirmed search for the new, for learning and social collaboration gradually enhanced in a territory suffering from accelerated social-environmental transformation. We described the gradual governability increase starting from the step-zero (sensu Chuenpagdee et al., 2013) of the BF-EPA designation process, leading all the way to 2012 with the opening of a window of opportunity for structural innovation with potential changes spanning to a national level, i.e. official designation of the process of elaboration of a `Strategic¿ Management Plan for the BF-EPA as a pilot-project for the Brazilian state. We describe the coherence and challenges implicit in the innovation discourse and the relevant agency performed by key-persons in each of the seven phases and in critical periods of systemic structuring and reorganization. Key-people were important buffer of disturbances (sensu Holling, 2001) in the governing system, as well as responsible for the incidence and attraction of new frames for action regarding interactive learning and collaboration. They had a fundamental role from the re-structuring of the governing system until the opening of windows of opportunity for institutional innovation and navigation of systemic transformation periods. Their personal attributes affected governability, mainly in improving the formation of images of problems, contributing to the governing system capacity (functional governability) and general conduciveness of governing interactions. We offer some general suggestions for increasing governability at BF-EPA, including: (i) better integration with virtual social networks bonded to the territory; (ii) promotion of interinstitutional structures sensitive to the political diversity in the territory; (ii) better usage of the potential of arts and ludic activities in formal and informal interactions; (iv) application of alternative images than that of the whale (as an icon) for social communication related to the EPA governing system and; (v) improved support of the Brazilian State to institutional experimentation and innovation processes. Some of these suggestions can be also relevant to improve governability of other marine protected areas in Brazil. Finally, even with so many challenges, we suggest that key-person and other actors already share alternative governing images necessary to navigate transformation towards a higher governability regime. While facing obstacles and risks of various orders, the actors will be successful if they are able to maintain and improve the performance achieved so far while advancing in creative and synergic interaction patterns in order to amplify and conjugate the potential contained in individual, institutional and political capacities of each actor<br>Doutorado<br>Aspectos Biológicos de Sustentabilidade e Conservação<br>Doutor em Ambiente e Sociedade
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Freitas, Isis Felippe de. "Unidades de conservação no Brasil : o plano estrategico nacional de areas protegidas e a viabilização da zona de amortecimento." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/258146.
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Orientador: Emilia Wanda Rutkowski<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-13T07:30:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 2009<br>Resumo: As Unidades de Conservação (UCs) são o tipo de área protegida que se configuram como a principal estratégia do poder público para promover a conservação da biodiversidade e recursos naturais à ela associados. A integração dessas unidades à dinâmica territorial, intervindo e alterando-a, quando necessário, é essencial para que sejam cumpridos os seus objetivos de criação. A zona de amortecimento é um dos instrumentos do plano de manejo das UCs que respondem pela integração da unidade ao território. No presente trabalho foram analisados o Sistema Nacional de Unidades de Conservação (SNUC), o Plano Estratégico Nacional de Áreas Protegidas e os planos de gestão do território cujos objetivos e diretrizes influenciam a implementação das zonas de amortecimento. Com a finalidade de entender o isolamento inicial das áreas protegidas no Brasil, foram recuperados os marcos históricos da estruturação político-institucional do Estado brasileiro na área de conservação ambiental: das primeiras ações de proteção dos recursos naturais na época do império até a territorialização da conservação da biodiversidade, que culminou com a criação do Sistema Nacional de Unidades de Conservação (SNUC). Os planos de gestão do território foram apresentados e analisados segundo a perspectiva de integração das UCs aos diversos usos do território. Os critérios para a delimitação física da zona de amortecimento definidos pelo Conselho Nacional de Meio Ambiente (CONAMA) e pelo Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis (IBAMA) foram listados e, a partir da legislação analisada, foram discutidos os elementos que elas oferecem para a viabilização das zonas de amortecimento.<br>Abstract: The Conservation Units are a sort of protected area which presents themselves as being the main strategy of the State to promote the maintenance of biodiversity and its natural resources. The integration of these Units into the dynamics of the territory, causing to intervene in and transform it whenever necessary, is essential so that the objectives of their creation are met. The buffering zone is one of the tools of the UCs management plan which is responsible for the integration of a Unity into the territory. In this study, the Conservation Units National System (SNUC), the National Strategic Plan of Protected Areas, as well as the territory management plans, whose goals and policies affect the implementation of the buffering zones, have been analysed. In order to understand the initial isolation of protected areas in Brazil, it was necessary to retrace the historic events which contributed to the political-institutional organization of Brazilian State concerning the realms of environmental conservation: from the first actions taken towards the protection of natural resources at the Empire Age to the =territorialization' of biodiversity conservation, leading to the creation of the Conservation Units National System (SNUC) The territory management plans have been presented and analysed according to the expectations of the UCs integration into the several uses of the territory.The criteria for the setting of the geographical boundaries to the buffering zones established by the Environment National Board (CONAMA) and the Environment and Renewable Natural Resources National Institute (IBAMA) have been listed, and basing on the analysed legislation, the elements they provide for the viability of the buffering zones have been discussed.<br>Mestrado<br>Saneamento e Ambiente<br>Mestre em Engenharia Civil
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Vasques, Henrique Carlos de Figueiredo. "Avaliação da efetividade de manejo da Estação Ecológica de Murici Alagoas." Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 2009. http://repositorio.ufal.br/handle/riufal/1130.
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he creation of protected areas has been the main strategy for protecting natural and cultural
resources in several countries including Brazil and has been much progress in recent years
with the creation of new protected areas in several states of the federation including in
Alagoas. However, to achieve biodiversity conservation the existence of protected areas is is
not enough. It is also necessary to implement them and manage them properly so they can
achieve their goals. Thus, it is necessary to make a systematic assessment of training
deployment and quality of management of the protected area. This systematic assessment
must serve as a basis for policy and strategies to increase the effectiveness of protected
areas implementation. The Ecological Station (ESEC) of Murici is a conservation unit under
full protection, created by decree w/n May 2001, in order to protect one of the largest
remnants of Atlantic Forest in Northeastern Brazil. Within its boundaries is located the
Station of sugar-cane Cross and Flowering Serra do Ouro (EFCSO), wich is linked to the
Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL). The EFCSO is dedicated to scientific research of
cross and flowering of sugar cane, aiming to increase its strength and productivity, EFCSO
produces most of sugar cane varieties that are grown in Brazil. The fact that scientific
experiments are conducted with sugar cane, an exotic species for the Atlantic Forest biome,
has caused divergence of views between the Brazilian Institute of Environment and
Renewable Natural Resources (IBAMA) and UFAL about the feasibility of these experiments
within the ESEC. These conflicts had restrain the synergy between these two institutions
face the common goal of sustainable development. The extent to which the partnership
between the two institutions could contribute to the implementation of ESEC Murici is one of
the objectives of this study. For that , the actual management effectiveness of ESEC Murici is
compared with the effectiveness of implementation of a scenario in which this partnership is
present. The prospective methods based on scenarios had been widely used for determining
the degree of management effectiveness of conservation units. One of those methods is the
Rapid Assessment and Priorization of Protected Area Management (RAPPAM), wich was
developed by WWF (World Wide Fund for Nature). This method, being the most widely
applied in the world and in Brazil, was adopted for this study because of its suitability for the
assessment of conservation units under full protection. After the RAPPAM application, this
study has showed the possibility of an increase of about 11% in the management
effectiveness of the ESEC Murici after the implementation of the partnership.<br>A criação de Unidades de Conservação tem sido a principal estratégia para a
proteção dos recursos naturais e culturais em diversos países incluindo o Brasil e muito se
tem progredido nos últimos anos com a criação de novas áreas protegidas em vários
estados da federação inclusive em Alagoas. No entanto, para alcançar a conservação da
biodiversidade não é suficiente apenas a existência de unidades de conservação, é
necessário também implementá-las e manejá-las adequadamente. Por isso, torna-se
necessária a avaliação sistemática do estágio de implantação e da qualidade do manejo das
mesmas, que sirva de base para a definição de políticas e estratégias que permitam efetivar
a sua implementação. A Estação Ecológica (ESEC) de Murici é uma Unidade de
Conservação de Proteção Integral, criada por decreto s/n de Maio de 2001, com o intuito de
proteger um dos maiores remanescentes da Mata Atlântica do Nordeste Brasileiro. Dentro
dos seus limites situa-se a Estação de Floração e Cruzamento de Serra do Ouro (EFCSO)
vinculada à Universidade Federal de Alagoas (UFAL). A EFCSO dedica-se a pesquisas
científicas de cruzamento e floração de cana-de-açúcar objetivando o seu beneficiamento
em resistência e produtividade, produzindo sementes da maioria das variedades que se
cultivam no Brasil. O fato dos experimentos científicos serem realizados com cana-deaçúcar,
espécie exótica para o bioma da Mata Atlântica, tem suscitado divergência de
opiniões entre o Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis
(IBAMA) e a UFAL quanto à viabilidade destes experimentos no interior da ESEC. Estes
conflitos têm impossibilitado a sinergia entre estas duas instituições face à meta comum do
desenvolvimento sustentável. Em que medida a parceria entre as duas instituições poderá
contribuir para a implementação da ESEC Murici é um dos objetivos deste estudo. Para
tanto foi comparada a efetividade de manejo da ESEC Murici no grau em que se encontra
hoje com a efetividade de implementação num cenário em que a referida parceria já seja
uma realidade. Os métodos prospectivos baseados em cenários vêm sendo amplamente
utilizados para determinação do grau de efetivação de gestão das unidades de conservação.
De entre estes métodos destaca-se o Rapid Assessment and Priorization of Protected Area
Management (RAPPAM) desenvolvido pela WWF (Fundo Mundial para a Natureza). Este
método, sendo o mais amplamente aplicado no mundo e no Brasil, foi adotado para este
estudo por ser adequado para a avaliação das unidades de conservação de proteção
integral. Após a aplicação do método RAPPAM, verificou-se a possibilidade de um
incremento de cerca de 11 % na efetividade de manejo da ESEC Murici com a
concretização da parceria.
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Ngaryam, Benoudjita. "La problématique de gestion durable de la biodiversité au Tchad : impacts des aires protégées sur les zones périphériques - cas des parcs nationaux de Manda et Sena Oura." Thesis, Paris 8, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA080118/document.
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Ce travail a permis de démontrer que l’avenir de la conservation des ressources biologiques ne se joue pas seulement dans les aires protégées, mais aussi que l’intégration des zones non protégées dans un plan de gestion rationnelle du territoire pourrait être un gage de conservation à long terme. En outre, il a aussi démontré aux différents acteurs que la présence d’une aire protégée dans une localité n’est pas sans effets sur les zones périphériques. Pour ce faire, 65 impacts des parcs nationaux sur les zones périphériques ont été répertoriés dont 28 impacts positifs soit 43% contre 37 impacts négatifs soit 57%. Les impacts socio-économiques sont les plus nombreux suivis des impacts culturels et des impacts écologiques.L’analyse critique et comparative, qui s’est inscrite dans la perspective du paradigme de développement durable, a révélé que beaucoup d’impacts écologiques se manifestent à long terme. Les impacts socio-économiques et culturels négatifs sont mieux gérés dans une approche de gestion participative par opposition à une gestion trop centralisée et exclusive. Les facteurs extrinsèques qui ont influencé l’intensité des impacts sont d’ordre socio-politique, démographique, climatique, les systèmes de cultures locales et l’empreinte écologique des centres urbains situés à proximité. Cette influence témoigne de la difficulté à dissocier les impacts imputés aux créations des espaces protégés de ceux générés par d’autres facteurs. Ce qui justifie à suffisance que non seulement les impacts sont multiformes mais s’expriment différemment selon les contextes. En outre, les approches participatives permettent de faire accepter les impacts négatifs sans pouvoir les atténuer totalement<br>This work has enabled to show that the future of biological resources safeguarding is not only to be performed on the protected areas but also the integration of non protected areas in the rational management framework of the territory could be a guarantee of a sustainable safeguarding. Moreover, it has also shown to different actors that the presence of a protected area in a location is not without impact on surrounding areas. In this case, 65 national parks impacts on the surrounding areas have been identified meaning there are 28 positive impacts representing 43% against 37 negative impacts representing 57%. Socio-economic impacts are the most numerous followed by cultural impacts and ecological impacts.In order to get these results, two case studies have been performed on Manda and Sena Oura national parks in Chad, all located in the southern area. These are two national parks of the differents generations. In the study framework, 152 people have been surveyed among which there are 19 civil servants, 11 development representatives and 122 members of local communities adjacent to national parks. The satellite images have completed the analysis agenda.The critical and comparative analysis which is included in the perspective of the sustainable development paradigm has revealed that many ecological impacts will occur in long term. The negative socio economic and cultural impacts are best managed in a participative management approach as opposed to a too centralized and exclusive management. The intrinsic factors which have influenced the intensity of impacts are of socio political, demographic, climatic order, the local culture systems and ecological footprints of urban centers nearby. This influence witnesses the difficulty to separate impacts attributed to the creation of protected areas from those generated by other factors
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Moretti, Ana Isabel Pasztor 1986. "Mapeamento de corredores ecológicos na APA Fernão Dias - MG a partir de técnicas de geoprocessamento e análise espacial." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/286975.
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Orientador: Marcos Cesar Ferreira<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociências<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T00:43:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
Moretti_AnaIsabelPasztor_M.pdf: 70566830 bytes, checksum: f920035bf1e575765d328a3ab9f96d4a (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2011<br>Resumo: A fragmentação florestal, resultante do processo de substituição da cobertura vegetal nativa por áreas antrópicas, é responsável pela redução do tamanho das manchas florestais e é a principal causa da extinção de espécies da fauna e flora nativas. A implementação de corredores ecológicos que conectam fragmentos de habitat configura-se como uma estratégia de conservação da biodiversidade que permite a proteção dos recursos naturais, favorecendo o fluxo de animais e de sementes entre os fragmentos anteriormente isolados. Técnicas de geoprocessamento e análise espacial podem auxiliar na determinação dos locais mais adequados para alocação dos corredores ecológicos, uma vez que permitem a obtenção, organização e disponibilização dos dados de forma eficiente e integradora. O objetivo principal deste trabalho é o mapeamento de corredores ecológicos na Área de Proteção Ambiental (APA) Fernão Dias, localizada no estado de Minas Gerais, a partir da conexão dos fragmentos florestais remanescentes da Mata Atlântica, representados pela floresta estacional semidecidual, pela floresta ombrófila densa e pela floresta ombrófila mista. Esta proposta de mapeamento de corredores ecológicos foi desenvolvida a partir de uma abordagem sistêmica, de acordo com os conceitos de Ecologia da Paisagem e da escola espacial da geografia que reúne a cartografia temática e as funções de análise espacial para um Sistema de Informação Geográfica (SIG). Foi proposta uma regionalização da APA Fernão Dias em quatro geossistemas, subdivididos internamente em geofácies. Estas unidades de paisagem foram caracterizadas em relação aos seus elementos naturais e às suas tendências atuais do uso e cobertura do solo, tendo sido o geossistema Altos da Terra Fria o mais adequado para a alocação espacial dos corredores ecológicos. Oito vetores de mobilidade potencial da fauna foram identificados e traçados a partir da conectividade dos remanescentes. Estes vetores integram toda a área dos corredores ecológicos e apresentam a possibilidade de repovoamento vegetal de áreas ocupadas por outras classes de uso e cobertura do solo<br>Abstract: The forest fragmentation, resulting from the replacement of native vegetation by anthropogenic areas, is responsible for the size reduction of forest patches and is the main cause of extinction of native fauna and flora. The implementation of ecological corridors that connect habitat fragments appears as a strategy for biodiversity conservation that allows natural resources protection, supporting the flow of animals and seeds between fragments previously isolated. Geoprocessing and spatial analysis techniques can help to determine the most suitable sites for allocation of ecological corridors, as they allow the collection, organization and availability of data in an efficient and inclusive way. The main objective of this work is the mapping of ecological corridors in the Fernão Dias Environmental Protection Area (EPA), located in the state of Minas Gerais, from the connection of the Atlantic Forest remaining fragments, represented by the semideciduous forest, the tropical rain forest and the araucaria forest. The mapping of ecological corridors was developed from a systemic approach according to the concepts of landscape ecology and Geographic Information Systems. A regionalization of the Fernão Dias EPA in four geosystems, divided internally into geofácies, was proposed. These landscape units were characterized according to their natural elements and their current trends in the land use. The Altos da Terra Fria geosystem was chosen for the allocation of ecological corridors. Eight potential vectors of fauna mobility were identified and delineated from the connectivity of the remnants. These vectors integrate the entire area of the ecological corridors and represent the recovery possibility of areas occupied by other land use classes<br>Mestrado<br>Análise Ambiental e Dinâmica Territorial<br>Mestre em Geografia
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Singh, Jaidev. "State-making and community-based natural resource management : cases of the Vhimba CAMPFIRE Project (Zimbabwe) and the Chimanimani Transfrontier Conservation Area (Mozambique) /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5532.
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Lucas, Joseph S. "CONSERVATION LIMNOGEOLOGY AND BENTHIC HABITAT MAPPING IN CENTRAL LAKE TANGANYIKA (TANZANIA)." UKnowledge, 2018. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/ees_etds/60.
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Small scale protected zones are valuable for helping the health and productivity of fisheries at Lake Tanganyika (East Africa). Spatial placement of protected areas relies on accurate maps of benthic habitats, consisting of detailed bathymetry data and information on lake-floor substrates. This information is unknown for most of Lake Tanganyika. Fish diversity is known to correlate with rocky substrates in ≤ 30 m water depth, which provide spawning grounds for littoral and pelagic species. These benthic habitats form important targets for protected areas, if they can be precisely located.
At the NMVA, echosounding defined the position of the 30-m isobath and side-scan sonar successfully discriminated among crystalline basement, CaCO3-cemented sandstones, mixed sediment, and shell bed substrates. Total area encompassed from the shoreline to 30 m water depth is ~21 km2 and the distance to the 30-m isobath varies with proximity to deltas and rift-related faults. Total benthic area defined by crystalline basement is ~1.6 km2, whereas the total area of CaCO3-cemented sandstone is 0.2 km2. Crystalline basement was present in all water depths (0-30 m), whereas CaCO3-cemented sandstones were usually encountered in water ≤ 5 m deep. Spatial organization of rocky substrates is chiefly controlled by basin structure and lake level history.
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ESSIC, JEFFERSON FORREST. "APPLICATIONS OF GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS FOR GROWTH MANAGEMENT PLANNINGAND WATER QUALITY PROTECTION IN THE COASTAL REGION OF NORTH CAROLINA." NCSU, 1998. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-19980105-155948.
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<P>ESSIC, JEFFERSON FORREST. Applications of Geographic InformationSystems for Growth Management Planning and Water Quality Protection inthe Coastal Region of North Carolina. (Under the direction of Hugh A. Devine.)<P>Research efforts conducted in coastal areas of North Carolina andother regions have documented numerous examples of negative impacts toestuarine water quality as a result of unplanned and unmanaged development.However, new construction is continuing at a rapid pace in these areas,forcing local planners to make complex decisions regarding land uses andprotection of cultural and natural resources.<P>A Geographic Information System (GIS) is a computer-driven toolthat has proven valuable in assisting with this decision making process.GIS technology provides the means to efficiently collect, store, and retrievevast amounts of spatial data. Then, this information may be visually displayedin a manner that supports better understanding and analysis of the physicalenvironment and the potential impacts of growth.<P>There have been many instances during the past decade in whichGIS has been used to meet the educational and informational needs of citizensand local officials who want to ensure a strong economy and healthy environmentis planned for the future of their community. Most of these projects haveoriginated at the state level, either through the North Carolina CooperativeExtension Service, or other agencies.<P>A number of zoning options and growth management planning measureshave recently been recommended that coastal government officials shouldconsider for promoting stewardship and protecting important natural resourceswhile continuing to maintain economic vitality. This paper focuses on theapplication of GIS for analyzing and implementing many of those strategieswith emphasis on local responsibility.<P>In particular, the natural suitability of cluster development forCurrituck County, North Carolina, is examined with GIS. Attention to growthmanagement planning in this coastal county is critical since the populationis projected to increase over 73 percent from 1990 to 2020. GIS data layersfrom the North Carolina Center for Geographic Information and Analysis,as well as digitized Federal Emergency Management Agency Flood InsuranceRate Maps, are used to determine the extent of Primary Conservation Areasin the county. In addition, Secondary Conservation Areas are identified
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Raybould, Michael, and n/a. "Attitudes and Information Effects in Contingent Valuation of Natural Resources." Griffith University. Australian School of Environmental Studies, 2006. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20061009.150949.
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This thesis investigated the effects of photographic and text information on respondents' attitudes and willingness-to-pay for a proposed beach protection scheme in the erosion prone Gold Coast region on the east coast of Australia. The research developed two alternative expectancy-value attitude-behaviour models to test residents' attitudes toward relevant targets and behavioural intention, expressed through stated willingness-to-pay, and compared the proposed models with one established attitude-behaviour model. The thesis set out to investigate three central research questions; one question relating to the effects of information on attitudes and willingness-to-pay, and two questions relating to the relationships between attitudes and willingness-to-pay. It was hypothesised that photographs that depicted severe erosion damage would result in more positive attitudes toward, and greater willingness-to-pay for, beach protection than photographs that showed only mild levels of erosion damage. Positive relationships were hypothesised between variables representing attitudes toward beach erosion, attitude toward beach protection, attitude toward paying for beach protection, and willingness-to-pay. Finally, it was hypothesised that the relationships between attitudes and willingness-to-pay could be adequately explained by the proposed attitude-behaviour models. The thesis describes how seven information treatments and eight attitude measurement scales were developed and tested in a pilot experiment before use in a survey of homeowners in the region of interest. Analysis of variance showed that, while respondent's attitude toward beach protection was affected by the information treatments, their willingness-to-pay for the proposed program was insensitive to information. There were no significant effects that could be attributed exclusively to text descriptions of the good but there were significant effects that could be attributed to photographic information treatments. However, none of the effects on attitudes resulted in significant effects on the behavioural intention expressed in stated willingness-to-pay. Analysis of respondents with low previous knowledge of the proposed good revealed more extensive information effects on attitudes, but still not on willingness-to-pay, and this suggests that high levels of previous knowledge in a large proportion of the sample had a moderating effect on attitude change caused by the information treatments. Regression analysis showed that seven of the eight attitude and behaviour variables in the proposed attitude-behaviour model were significant predictors of willingness-to-pay. In the final phase of the analysis, goodness-of-fit indices, estimated using Structural Equation Modelling, indicated a good fit between the data and the attitude-behaviour models tested. Standardised coefficients on the model indicated that perceived behavioural control, expected utility of outcomes, and subjective norms all had strong direct relationships with stated willingness-to-pay, and strong indirect relationships on willingness-to-pay via attitudes toward payment. These results are consistent with the relationships proposed in attitude-behaviour models and the moderating effects of these variables explain why significant information treatment effects were observed on attitude to beach protection but not on willingness-to-pay. This research showed that respondent's willingness-to-pay in a contingent valuation experiment is quite insensitive to photographic treatments when previous knowledge is high and that costly and time consuming testing procedures, recommended by authorities, may not be necessary under these conditions. It also demonstrated that measures of attitude, consistent with an attitude-behaviour model, can be collected easily in a contingent valuation study and can contribute to understanding of participant responses and to identification of protest responses.
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Raybould, Michael. "Attitudes and Information Effects in Contingent Valuation of Natural Resources." Thesis, Griffith University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367928.
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This thesis investigated the effects of photographic and text information on respondents' attitudes and willingness-to-pay for a proposed beach protection scheme in the erosion prone Gold Coast region on the east coast of Australia. The research developed two alternative expectancy-value attitude-behaviour models to test residents' attitudes toward relevant targets and behavioural intention, expressed through stated willingness-to-pay, and compared the proposed models with one established attitude-behaviour model. The thesis set out to investigate three central research questions; one question relating to the effects of information on attitudes and willingness-to-pay, and two questions relating to the relationships between attitudes and willingness-to-pay. It was hypothesised that photographs that depicted severe erosion damage would result in more positive attitudes toward, and greater willingness-to-pay for, beach protection than photographs that showed only mild levels of erosion damage. Positive relationships were hypothesised between variables representing attitudes toward beach erosion, attitude toward beach protection, attitude toward paying for beach protection, and willingness-to-pay. Finally, it was hypothesised that the relationships between attitudes and willingness-to-pay could be adequately explained by the proposed attitude-behaviour models. The thesis describes how seven information treatments and eight attitude measurement scales were developed and tested in a pilot experiment before use in a survey of homeowners in the region of interest. Analysis of variance showed that, while respondent's attitude toward beach protection was affected by the information treatments, their willingness-to-pay for the proposed program was insensitive to information. There were no significant effects that could be attributed exclusively to text descriptions of the good but there were significant effects that could be attributed to photographic information treatments. However, none of the effects on attitudes resulted in significant effects on the behavioural intention expressed in stated willingness-to-pay. Analysis of respondents with low previous knowledge of the proposed good revealed more extensive information effects on attitudes, but still not on willingness-to-pay, and this suggests that high levels of previous knowledge in a large proportion of the sample had a moderating effect on attitude change caused by the information treatments. Regression analysis showed that seven of the eight attitude and behaviour variables in the proposed attitude-behaviour model were significant predictors of willingness-to-pay. In the final phase of the analysis, goodness-of-fit indices, estimated using Structural Equation Modelling, indicated a good fit between the data and the attitude-behaviour models tested. Standardised coefficients on the model indicated that perceived behavioural control, expected utility of outcomes, and subjective norms all had strong direct relationships with stated willingness-to-pay, and strong indirect relationships on willingness-to-pay via attitudes toward payment. These results are consistent with the relationships proposed in attitude-behaviour models and the moderating effects of these variables explain why significant information treatment effects were observed on attitude to beach protection but not on willingness-to-pay. This research showed that respondent's willingness-to-pay in a contingent valuation experiment is quite insensitive to photographic treatments when previous knowledge is high and that costly and time consuming testing procedures, recommended by authorities, may not be necessary under these conditions. It also demonstrated that measures of attitude, consistent with an attitude-behaviour model, can be collected easily in a contingent valuation study and can contribute to understanding of participant responses and to identification of protest responses.<br>Thesis (PhD Doctorate)<br>Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)<br>Australian School of Environmental Studies<br>Full Text
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Houle, James J. "Community decisions about innovations in water resource management and protection." Thesis, University of New Hampshire, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10000397.
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<p> The purpose of this study was to investigate the social, economic and technological factors that influence rates of adoption of innovative stormwater management approaches in municipal organizations in the Great Bay watershed, NH. The scope of this study was to investigate how innovations spread through municipal populations in a specific region and watershed area of the US. The methodology used mixed qualitative methods, including semi-structured interviews, case studies, and surveys to examine perceptions, attitudes, and beliefs that influence the adoption of innovative stormwater management solutions, as well as the governance characteristics of municipalities at different stages of adoption. Major findings include: adopter categories can be relatively easily and quickly categorized into early and late majorities as a preliminary means to identify populations of ready and willing audiences interested in and capable of advancing innovations; early and late adopter classifications followed general diffusion theory, but differed in substantial ways that could influence overall project or program success; and finally that early majority communities have more internal and external capacity to advance innovations as well as higher levels of peer-to-peer trust to offset perceptions related to economic risk that can either advance or stall innovative stormwater management solution adoption. This research offers insights on how to allocate scarce resources to optimally improve water quality through stormwater management solutions, and makes recommendations for how to effectively and efficiently generate greater understanding of complex barriers to adoption that thwart innovation in municipal governance organizations. One significant implication is that agents of change who want to move innovations through a broad municipal population should focus their efforts on working with innovators and early adopters that have status within relevant peer networks and who have capacity to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of innovations.</p>
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Collett, Anneliza. "The determination, protection and management of high potential agricultural land in South Africa with special reference to Gauteng." Diss., Pretoria ; [s.n.], 2009. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-08042009-171427.
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Le, Quesne Tom. "The analysis of multi-tiered natural resource management institutions." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.670202.
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Zedek, Rfet Alla Ali. "Geostatistical analysis of the Gorran water protection area in Nynäshamn municipality." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för naturgeografi och kvartärgeologi (INK), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-108181.
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Groundwater level models have an important role in the development and application of water management and policies. Understanding the temporal and spatial variations of groundwater levels in the Gorran water protection area in Nynäshamn is important for developing management strategies. Geostatistical analysis with several different methods was used to compare groundwater level records for 13 observation wells in Gorran from 1994 to 2012. The performance of the different methods was evaluated by using mean absolute error (MAE) and root mean square error (RMSE) metrics. The results showed that geostatistical methods had a higher general accuracy when utilizing the Empirical Bayesian kriging (EBK) method in Gorran. EBK was the best method with highest precision and lowest mean absolute error. Cross-validation was also applied to evaluate the best (smallest) root mean square error (RMSE). A predicted potentiometric groundwater level was estimated from the basis of the available digital elevation model to extend the observation area within the same geological specification.<br>Grundvattennivåns modeller har en viktig roll i utvecklingen och tillämpningen av vattenförvaltning och politik. Genom att förstå de tidsmässiga och geografiska variationer grundvattennivån i Gorran skyddat område är viktigt för att utveckla hanteringens strategier.Geostatistical analys med olika modeller som Inverse Distanse Weighted, Radial Basic Funktion och kriging modeller användes för att jämföra grundvattennivåns rekord under 13 observations brunnar 1994 till 2012. Prestandan hos metoder utvärderades med hjälp av medelabsolutfelet (MAE) och rot medelkvadratfelet (RMSE). Resultatet visade att geostatistiska metoder hade högre noggrannhet och Empirical Bayesian kriging (EBK) var den bästa metoden med högsta precision och lägst medelabsolutfel. Cross-validering applicerades också för att utvärdera de bästa minsta kvadratiska medelvärdet (RMSE). Förutsatt potentiometrisk grundvattennivå genomfördes från digital höjdmodell för att förlänga observations område inom samma geologiska specifikation.
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Davis, Douglas Stephen. "Availability of Lead, Zinc, Copper, and Cadmium to the Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus) from Waterfowl of the Craney Island Disposal Area." W&M ScholarWorks, 1988. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625446.
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Rozdobudko, E., and P. Rozdobudko. "Economics and enviromental protection in the industrial region." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2016. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/45362.
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Formation of regional environmental and economic policies must be
accompanied by a rise in the role of environmental factors in the
development of individual regions that are in crisis, given the integrated
assessment of natural assimilation of anthropogenic emissions and waste,
available natural resources, the level of development of productive forces
and geographic location. Condition of ecology in some industrial cities that
are situated in the central and eastern regions of the country, continues to
deteriorate as a result of depreciation of fixed assets and nature and lack of
funding for environmental protection.
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Jones, Danielle Yvonne. "Farmer Participation in the Conservation Reserve Program and the Environmental Quality Incentives Program." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2007. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/JonesDY2007.pdf.
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Hippolyte, Vernice Camilla. "World Heritage Status, Governance and Perception in the Pitons Management Area, St.Lucia." Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4904.
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There are currently 962 geographic sites in the world that have been classified as World Heritage. World Heritage is a unique concept, privy to and defined by UNESCO-- the United Nations, Educational, Scientific and Cultural organization, one of the specialized agencies and autonomous organizations established within the UN-United Nations system. World Heritage is governed by an international treaty called the Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage, adopted by UNESCO in 1972 (The `Convention'). The inscription of a World Heritage Site or designation of World Heritage Status is highly coveted and considered in UNESCO parlance to be of "Outstanding Value to Humanity." There are only 4 heritage property sites of English-speaking islands in the Caribbean basin, one of which is located on the island of St. Lucia called The Pitons Management Area (PMA). The PMA comprises 2902 hectares of protected marine and terrestrial property inscribed in 2004. In 2008, the island faced the threat of placement on UNESCO's List of World Heritage in Danger (LWHD) for breaches of the Convention. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the perceptions of World Heritage Status from three identified stakeholders: UNESCO, the St. Lucian national government and the local Soufrière township-home of the PMA. This was an exploratory attempt at gauging perceptions of local voices on World Heritage Status as it relates to the PMA and the island's classification as a small-island developing state (SIDS). Using political ecology as a theoretical framework for analyzing the role of power relationships in this case study, this research revealed that there is an overall lack of communication between the Soufrière community and the national government regarding education and sensitizing about the World Heritage program mandates and incorporating the local citizenry in the protection of their heritage. The majority of the local participants' support for World Heritage Status on the island of St. Lucia was dependent on perceptions of increased income and employment opportunities associated with World Heritage as a global construct and narrative. This research also showed concerns of UNESCO and the St. Lucian national government to be at odds with the 1972 Convention. Results indicated that the varied perceptions of the three stakeholder groups are based on the prioritized interests of each and incommensurate with the aims of protecting the PMA's heritage for posterity.
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Blight, Stephen. "Directions for environmental education in the 1990's [sic] : some key influences and their implications /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1990. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENV/09envb648.pdf.
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Torres, Alanna C. "Natural resources as a source of conflict in the Middle East." Pitzer College, 2009. http://ccdl.libraries.claremont.edu/u?/stc,72.
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The purpose of my thesis was to counter Samuel Huntington’s argument that the world’s conflict is over differing civilizations, religions, or cultures. Whether or not religion is declining or growing, it cannot be used to portray the world in a 'cosmic war,' or a battle between 'good and evil'. Natural resources, not religions, rest at the basis for the Islamic fundamentalist and militant movement due to its response to the Western structural pressures that are modernizing Muslim societies. Oil and water become vital tools for exercising power and authority of one nation over another, and are identified as the true culprits for a conflict that is often furtively concealed.
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Rybitski, Mary J. "Distribution of Organochlorine Pollutants in Sea Turtles." W&M ScholarWorks, 1993. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617662.
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Duvall, Alison Leigh. "Towards community-owned forests landowner perspectives on the Blackfoot Community Conservation Area /." CONNECT TO THIS TITLE ONLINE, 2006. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-02282007-150636/.
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Bogopa, Kalushi Simon Sucky. "Managing sustainable development in the city of Tshwane." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2008. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-08192008-091132/.
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Shongwe, Lucas B. "The implications of transfrontier conservation areas : a comparative policy analysis study of sustainable development in South Africa between the great Limpopo transfrontier conservation area and Lubombo transfrontier resource area." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-04172007-142520/.
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Wong, Wai-han Mimi. "The values of recycling, resources and risk management in Hong Kong /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B19945504.
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Baasi, Mamongonyo. "An analysis of expropriation protection mechanism in Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs) within the context of permanent sovereignty over natural resources." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/60071.
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Saleh, Adam. "Un modèle et son revers : la cogestion des réserves de biosphère de Waza et de la Bénoué dans le Nord-Cameroun." Phd thesis, Université du Maine, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00808569.
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La cogestion des aires protégées a été conçue comme un modèle innovant àimplementer dans le but d'ameliorer les conditions de vie des populations riveraineset d'assurer une conservation durable des ressources biologiques. Cette theseconfronte ce modèle à la réalité de son application dans les réserves de biosphère deWaza et de la Bénoué, au Nord du Cameroun. Afin de mettre en évidence les raisonsdu contraste entre les resultats attendus et ceux obtenus, notre methode s'appuiesur l'analyse des donnees bioécologiques, des relevés sur le terrain, des enquêtes etinterviews auprès de différents acteurs et l'examen des terroirs des zones àcogestion. Les résultats montrent que la cogestion a permis de désamorcer unesituation conflictuelle entre les parties prenantes, et qu'elle a aussi favorise lacomprehension par les acteurs en charge des deux reserves, de l'interet qu'accordentles communautés riveraines aux ressources naturelles. Toutefois, ces résultatsrévèlent que les retombées de la cogestion en matière de protection de labiodiversite et de survie des populations riveraines n'ont pas ete a la hauteur dutemps et des moyens (financiers, matériels) investis et des espoirs placés en ceprocessus par les riverains. La situation de cogestion a provoqué de violents conflits,des rancoeurs et la decrepitude des entites biologiques, objets meme de cettecogestion. Cette étude montre comment les acteurs se servent de manièredetournee, comme d'une passerelle pour atteindre des fins personnelles, de lacogestion, prise en tenaille entre ses acteurs prêts à lui faire obstacle si besoin. Sontegalement mises en lumiere les responsabilites de l'Etat engage dans ce processussans étude de faisabilité et contraint de céder une partie de ses pouvoirs à desreprésentants sur le terrain. Sur le plan local, l'analyse des relations montre desstructures étatiques restées rigides, sans concession et sans ménagement face auxpopulations. Celles-ci, galvanisées par les ONG nationales et internationales,entendaient jouer pleinement le jeu, tout en masquant leurs activites d'exploitantsillégaux. Les deux parties se découvrent sur le terrain de la cogestion avec leursidentités de maître et de sujet, de répresseur et de braconnier. Ce jeu de dupes nepouvait être associé à la gestion participative. Les phases d'elaboration du conceptthéorique de cogestion qui auraient pu prévenir cette situation, ont étéappréhendées superficiellement par les parties prenantes, hypothéquant ainsi lesrésultats du processus à moyen et long terme. Effectivement, la perte de plus dutiers du potentiel faunique des deux réserves pendant la phase de cogestion et legain insignifiant de 400 frs CFA/an par habitant dans la réserve de la Bénoué ne sontpas de nature a stimuler l'avancee et l'appropriation du processus. La manière dontla cogestion dans les réserves de biosphère de Waza et de la Bénoué a été menée,met en évidence les limites des politiques préconçues, appliquées sur le terrain sanstenir compte des savoirs autochtones et des contextes particuliers. Notre étudedemontre l'importance d'une exploitation et d'une fusion reflechies et preparees dessavoirs et des compétences locaux et exogènes, afin de relever le défi de la gestiondurable des ressources naturelles.
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Mulier, Vincent. "Pragmatism in the Columbia Basin : laws, values, and the emergence of a regional river ethic /." view abstract or download file of text, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3035572.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2001.<br>Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 225-231). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
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Thobejane, Ramadumetje Maggie. "Legal evaluation of the effect of deforestation and poverty on the environment with special reference to Thogwaneng village in Limpopo Province." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/594.
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Aljadid, Abdolmonem Ibrahim. "Control and protection analysis for power distribution in a distributed generation system." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2192.
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Thesis (MTech (Electrical Engineering))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology.<br>Distributed Generation systems based on renewable energy sources, such as wind or solar are mostly intermittent sources, due to their dependency on the weather, whereas those based on other primary energy sources are non-intermittent. All of them are specially designed to be integrated into distribution systems, in order to improve the power demand of consumers. In the last few decades of the twentieth century, several different factors have played a key role in increasing interest in systems. Distributed Generation (DG) is gaining more and more attention worldwide as an alternative to large-scale central generating stations. The aim of this research project is to investigate the contribution of distributed generation in fault current level in a power distribution system. The simulation results indicate that DG can have a positive or negative impact, on the fault current level in distribution network systems. The DG location and size affect the fault level. The second aim of this research was to suggest a model-based method for design, and implementation of a protection scheme for power distribution systems, by establish algorithms in a hardware environment. The overcurrent relay was chosen for the model development because it is considered a simple and popular protection scheme, and it is a common scheme in relaying applications. The proposed relay model was tested for fault conditions applied on a simple power system in different scenarios. The overcurrent relay model was implemented in MATLAB/Simulink, by using MATLAB programming languages and the SimPowerSystem (SPS) Tool. MATLAB/SIMULINK software is applicable to the modelling of generation, transmission, distribution and industrial grids, and the analysis of the interactions of these grids. This software provides a library of standard electrical components or models such as transformers, machines, and transmission lines. Therefore, the modelling and simulations are executed using MATLAB/Simulink version 2014b
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Bagci, L. Sema. "A Proposal For The Preservation And Integrated Presentation Of Archaeological And Natural Resources In The Case Of Metu Campus Area." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612854/index.pdf.
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The subject of presentation of archaeological resources is still a developing concept in Turkey. The concepts of educational value and concern, needs a more common recognition and more practice in this context. The same statement goes for the management of natural resources. However, proper public presentation of archaeological and natural resources and public education in those is crucial for the protection of these resources. Moreover, an integrated presentation, approaching the archaeological resources within their natural environment, is required for sustainability, a better preservation and interpretation of the resources.
In this sense, this thesis proposes an application<br>a trail system for the integrated presentation of the archaeological and natural resources in the case of METU Campus Area in Ankara, Turkey. In this way, it aims to ensure the preservation of the resources by raising awareness through good interpretation and education.
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Clark, Kennedy H. "Shoreline Habitat Selection by Bald Eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) in a Non-Breeding Eagle Concentration-Area on the James River, Virginia." W&M ScholarWorks, 1992. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625732.
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Gunarso, Petrus. "Nature conservation in Indonesia in the 21st century : can decentralisation work? /." [St. Lucia, Qld], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18239.pdf.
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Duxbury, M. L. "Implementing a relational worldview : Watershed Torbay, Western Australia - connecting community and place /." Access via Murdoch University Digital Theses Project, 2007. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20080617.132132.
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Huang, Jie. "Spatial and Temporal Analysis of Fecal Coliform Distribution in Virginia Coastal Waters." W&M ScholarWorks, 2011. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539616702.
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The collection of fecal coliform (FC) monitoring data in shellfish growing waters is primarily to assess public health risks from consumption of contaminated product. The data is also commonly used to assess the potential sources and loads of bacteria entering the aquatic system. This project is intended to extend traditional methods of developing these assessments, by applying an inverse modeling approach to improve the estimation of FC loads in the small watersheds typically contributing to shellfish growing waters in Virginia. Many fecal contamination studies in lower Chesapeake Bay, Virginia, have conveniently focused on analyses over relatively small spatial and temporal scales. The potential sources of bacteria are numerous and the magnitude of their contributions is commonly unknown (Hyer and Moyer, 2004). The effects of stochastic events merely complicate the already difficult task of quantifying sources and loads in an inherently variable system (White et al., 2008). Instead of identifying and quantifying individual fecal bacteria sources, like deer or raccoons or domestic animals, it is herein proposed to analyze spatial and temporal patterns of fecal contamination on relatively large scales and quantify FC loadings based on land cover. The result would make it easier for managers to assign land-cover-based accountability to restore fecal contaminated environments. Monitoring of FC concentrations throughout Virginia by the Division of Shellfish Sanitation (DSS) provided an opportunity to analyze FC levels from 1984 to the present and quantify FC loadings by type of land cover. There are three aspects in this study---spatial analysis of FC data, temporal analysis of FC data, and FC loadings quantification based on the findings from spatial and temporal analyses. GIS tools and a variety of statistical methods are used in combination with an inverse modeling approach. The modeling method was based on some basic concepts incorporated in the Watershed Management Model and the Tidal Prism Model currently used to develop Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) models for Virginia waters. The core contributions of this dissertation are: (1) This study provided a thorough examination of FC monitoring data in Virginia coastal waters and described how contamination levels are expressed at different spatial and temporal scales. Analyses examined tidal effects, regional effects, land condition effects, and climate effects. Results not only inform management decisions, but also provide guidance for the subsequent quantification of fecal bacteria loadings. (2) Fecal bacteria loadings are quantified as a function of land cover. The model developed in this study avoids the problems associated with using highly varied and poorly documented FC production rates and population numbers. Although the model is simple, the magnitude of Fecal Coliform Event Mean Concentration (FCMC) values based on land covers effectively distinguished the seasonal FC loadings.
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Gaylor, Michael O. "Development of Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE) for the Determination of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Tissues of Aquatic Biota." W&M ScholarWorks, 1997. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626103.
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White, Ariel Elizabeth. "Effects of Mercury on Condition and Coloration of Belted Kingfishers." W&M ScholarWorks, 2007. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626860.
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Kittichaisaree, K. "The 1982 Law of the Sea Convention and protection of State interests in maritime natural resources : With special refeence to Southeast Asia." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.377840.
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Debort, Sophie. "Designing effective protected area networks - integration of the tropical cyclone disturbance regime in the Great Barrier Reef Representative Area Program a GIS application /." Access electronically, 2006. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20070307.155338/index.html.
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Incháustegui, Pérez Carlos Miguel. "Conections between Foreign Direct Investment, access to natural resources and local development in a mining area: The case of Antamina, Ancash." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Centro de Investigación en Geografía Aplicada, 2013. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/119427.
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During the 90s the Peruvian state embraced a neoliberal tendency with the objective of reactive the economy with the attraction of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). The mining sector was one of the most benefits due of these new policy reforms that encouraged the expansion of a number of multinational companies to explore and exploit mineral resources in the most remote places in the country. The arrival of these big companies not only meant a huge macroeconomic growth but also a substantial injection of capital and a change in natural resources access. These changes led to number of protest in the peasant communities located in areas affected by mining that give rise to the creation of new perspectives for achieving local development. One way of studying the interaction between these actors—the mine and communities—is through the use of discourse analysis and narratives.Thereby, this article has the main objective of find out connections among FDI, natural resources access and local development in nine communities of the Ayash river watershed and the multinational Antamina mine company (AMC). In this sense, we used qualitative methods to describe and analyze direct and indirect effects into local communities and into their resources access. We also analyze how the absence of the state may cause an inappropriate use of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and thus motivate communities to claim compensation for environmental damage. Therefore we use Discourse Analysis for outline this protest in development narratives and establish new considerations in current and futures FDI projects in mining.<br>Durante los años noventa el Estado peruano adoptó una tendencia neoliberal con el objetivo de reactivar la economía con la atracción de Inversiones Foráneas Directas (IFD). El rubro minero fue uno de los sectores más beneficiados por estas nuevas reformas políticas que habilitaron a una serie de compañías multinacionales explorar y explotar los recursos minerales en los parajes más recónditos del país. La llegada de estas grandes empresas no solo significó un enorme crecimiento macroeconómico sino también una cuantiosa inyección de capital y un cambio en el acceso de los recursos naturales. Estos cambios causaron diferentes protestas en las comunidades campesinas ubicadas en las áreas de influencia minera que dan pie a la creación de nuevas perspectivas de cómo lograr un desarrollo local. Una de las maneras de estudiar las interacciones entre estos dos actores —la mina y las comunidades— es mediante el uso del análisis de discurso y narrativas.De este modo, este artículo tiene como objetivo hallar las conexiones entre IFD, acceso a los recursos y desarrollo local en nueve comunidades en la cuenca del río Ayash y la multinacional Compañía Minera Antamina (CMA). En este sentido, se utilizaron métodos cualitativos para describir y analizar los efectos directos e indirectos en la población y en su acceso a los recursos. También se analizará cómo la ausencia del Estado puede dar cabida a un uso inadecuado de la Responsabilidad Social Corporativa (RSC) y, en consecuencia, motivar a las comunidades a reclamar compensaciones por los daños ambientales. Siguiendo esta línea, se utilizará el Análisis de Discurso para esquematizar estas protestas en forma de narrativas de desarrollo y establecer nuevas consideraciones para futuros y actuales proyectos de IFD en minería.
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Roberts, Julian Peter. "Marine environment protection and biodiversity conservation the application and future development of the IMO's particularly sensitive sea area concept /." Access electronically, 2006. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20061204.153018/index.html.
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Korndoerfer, Tammy Linda. "Sustainable Development: A case study of the natural resource use of Yelwa Village, Nigeria." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geography, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/3684.
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The world today faces many challenges. Reducing poverty and protecting the environment are prominent amongst these challenges, and consequently both are high on priority lists for many national, international, governmental and non-governmental organizations. Since the 1980s there has been an increasing awareness that environmental protection must not fly in the face of social justice, especially in developing countries, and that a system can only truly achieve sustainability if it is socially just and economically sound, as well as environmentally secure. Likewise poverty reduction at the cost of the environment is worthless in the long term. This has given rise to much more holistic approaches to both conservation and poverty reduction policies and brought the rights of communities living in or near protected areas into the international focus. However, wether it is possible to conserve biodiversity and protect habitats successfully without undermining the livelihoods of local communities, or wether it is possible to offer development aid to an impoverished region without jeopardizing their local environment, is a question which has not been resolved. This study approaches this debate by examining the relationship between the livelihoods and natural resources of a rural village adjacent to a forest reserve on the Mambilla Highlands in Nigeria. A mixture of qualitative and quantitative techniques were employed during five months spent living on location to develop a picture of the situation as it currently exists, the environmental effects of development in the village to date, and the effects of these environmental changes on people’s livelihoods. Based on this research this thesis concludes that development in a region certainly increases the vulnerability of the environment. However, rather than concluding that this makes development and environmental protection conflicting agendas, this thesis argues that this period of vulnerability presents opportunities to develop true sustainability, as effective sustainable practices can develop from the experience of resource depletion. Additionally, examples of how knowledge sharing and dialogue between western scientists and indigenous communities has the potential to facilitate and accelerate this process are discussed.
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Sifleet, Samantha D. "Toxicology of Decabromodiphenyl Ether in Avian Embryos: Disposition of the Flame Retardant BDE-209 in Yolk-Injected Chicken Embryos (Gallus gallus)." W&M ScholarWorks, 2009. http://www.vims.edu/library/Theses/Sifleet09.pdf.
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Yan, Mei-yee Michelle. "Sustaining the spirit and identity of a place : a case study of Tai O /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk:8888/cgi-bin/hkuto%5Ftoc%5Fpdf?B23425994.
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Ansong, Michael. "Unintentional Human Dispersal of Weed Seed." Thesis, Griffith University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365736.
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Seed dispersal is an important biological process as propagule pressure affects the success of plant invasions. The role and importance of humans in this process is increasingly recognised, particularly in relation to long distance seed dispersal. There is still comparatively limited research on unintentional human-mediated seed dispersal, including for seed dispersed from clothing, compared to other dispersal mechanisms such as wind or seed attached to fur. With more people travelling globally, including to remote locations, humans can unintentionally transport seeds over long distances. This can facilitate biological invasions in urban, rural and remote natural areas when it involves the dispersal of weed seed.
Weeds, which are often defined as plants growing in sites where they are not wanted, are a major problem in both natural and agricultural systems. They can reduce biodiversity in natural ecosystems and productivity in agricultural regions, and once established, they are expensive to control or eradicate. Therefore, limiting weed seed dispersal, including over long distances, is important in controlling their spread globally. This thesis examines aspects of unintentional human-mediated weed seed dispersal, using data mining, experimental, modelling and social methods.<br>Thesis (PhD Doctorate)<br>Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)<br>Griffith School of Environment<br>Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology<br>Full Text