Artículos de revistas: "Natural background radiation"

1

Sivintsev, Yu V. "Natural background radiation". Soviet Atomic Energy 64, n.º 1 (enero de 1988): 55–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01124007.

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2

DOLCHINKOV, Nikolay Todorov. "SOURCES OF NATURAL BACKGROUND RADIATION". Security and Defence Quarterly 16, n.º 3 (28 de septiembre de 2017): 40–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.35467/sdq/103183.

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3

Al-Azmi, Darwish, N. Karunakara y Amidu O. Mustapha. "Teaching about natural background radiation". Physics Education 48, n.º 4 (20 de junio de 2013): 506–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-9120/48/4/506.

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4

WENG, PAO-SHAN, TIEH-CHI CHU y CHIN-FANG CHEN. "Natural Radiation Background in Metropolitan Taipei." Journal of Radiation Research 32, n.º 2 (1991): 165–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1269/jrr.32.165.

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5

Stone, J. M., R. D. Whicker, S. A. Ibrahim y F. W. Whicker. "SPATIAL VARIATIONS IN NATURAL BACKGROUND RADIATION". Health Physics 76, n.º 5 (mayo de 1999): 516–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004032-199905000-00008.

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6

Shahbazi-Gahrouei, Daryoush, Samaneh Setayandeh y Mehrdad Gholami. "A review on natural background radiation". Advanced Biomedical Research 2, n.º 1 (2013): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2277-9175.115821.

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7

Thorne, M. C. "Background radiation: natural and man-made". Journal of Radiological Protection 23, n.º 1 (1 de marzo de 2003): 29–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0952-4746/23/1/302.

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8

Al-Khawlany, AbduHamoud, AR Khan y JM Pathan. "Review on studies in natural background radiation". Radiation Protection and Environment 41, n.º 4 (2018): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/rpe.rpe_55_18.

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9

Lin, Yu-Ming, Ching-Jiang Chen y Pei-Hou Lin. "Natural background radiation dose assessment in Taiwan". Environment International 22 (enero de 1996): 45–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0160-4120(96)00087-6.

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10

Tracy, B. L., E. G. Letourneau, R. G. McGregor y W. B. Walker. "Variations in natural background radiation across Canada". Environment International 22 (enero de 1996): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0160-4120(96)00089-x.

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11

Van Dongen, R. y J. R. D. Stoute. "Outdoor natural background radiation in the Netherlands". Science of The Total Environment 45 (octubre de 1985): 381–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(85)90241-4.

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12

Cothern, C. R., W. L. Lappenbusch y J. Michel. "Drinking-water Contribution to Natural Background Radiation". Health Physics 50, n.º 1 (enero de 1986): 33–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004032-198601000-00002.

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13

Shrestha, Arun Kumar, Sonu Limbu, Narayan Baral, Manish Magar, Arbin Limbu, Ganesh Kumar Shrestha, Buddha Ram Shah y Ram Prasad Koirala. "An Exposure to Natural Background Radiation in Eastern Nepal". Damak Campus Journal 11, n.º 1 (31 de diciembre de 2023): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/dcj.v11i1.63478.

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Monitoring natural background radiation is important to locate the high background area. The objective of the work is to find the average background radiation in the Morang district and to observe the effects of cosmic radiation at high altitudes. In this study, background radiation was measured in 17 different municipalities of Morang with the help of a GM counter of model GMC-300E plus. The result showed that the annual effective dose of Morang was 0.24±0.02mSv/y and was below the recommended value of 1 mSv/y set by ICRP for public health. The radiation level was slightly higher in the hospital area. The frequency distribution indicates that there is a good fit of observed data with a known Gaussian distribution. The variation of background radiation with an altitude from 381 to 2550m showed an increasing trend. The best-fitted line depicted that background radiation increased by 16% with 1000m in altitude and it was slightly higher than the literature’s result of 10-12%. The comparative study of the present work showed that the effective dose was the least value in the Morang (0.24mSv/y) and the highest in the Pokhara Valley (0.81mSv/yr).

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14

Pantha, Parkash, Tanka Prasad Bhusal, Budha Ram Shah y Rajendra Prasad Koirala. "Study of natural background radiation in Kathmandu Valley". BIBECHANA 16 (22 de noviembre de 2018): 187–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/bibechana.v16i0.21605.

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The study of natural background radiation dose at thirty two locations of Kathmandu valley has been done successfully using the instrument Radalert 100. The average dose rates and annual effective dose were measured. From the measurements, the least value of average dose rate was found to be (22.3±3.9)×10-3 mR/hr for Sundhara and the greatest value of average dose rate was found to be (37.7±7)×10-3 mR/hr for Budhanilkantha 3. As per the annual effective dose, the least value was 0.391 mSv/yr for Sundhara and the greatest value was 0.661 mSv/yr for Budhanilkantha 3. The average annual effective dose of Kathmandu valley was 0.475 mSv/yr ranging from 0.391 mSv/yr to 0.661 mSv/yr. The values thus obtained were compared to the worldwide average value of annual effective dose, 0.48 mSv/yr. Also, the obtained values were compared to the legal dose limit (annual effective dose), 1 mSv/yr set by International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) for non-radiation workers and members of public. Among these thirty two locations, eight locations were chosen such that they had larger range of the observed dose rates. Those eight locations were re-observed. Further, Chi-square test was carried out to test whether the observed dose rates were following normal distribution or not. From the calculation, it was observed that the observed dose rates were following the normal distribution.BIBECHANA 16 (2019) 187-195

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15

ZIQIANG, Pan, He ZHENYUM, Yang YIN, Guo MINGQIANG y Cui GUANGZHI. "Natural background radiation and population dose in China". Radioprotection 29, n.º 1 (enero de 1994): 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/radiopro/1994022.

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16

Romanyukha, Alexander A., Vitaly Nagy, Olga Sleptchonok, Marc F. Desrosiers, Jinjie Jiang y Arthur Heiss. "INDIVIDUAL BIODOSIMETRY AT THE NATURAL RADIATION BACKGROUND LEVEL". Health Physics 80, n.º 1 (enero de 2001): 71–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004032-200101000-00013.

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17

Al-DARGAZELLI, Shetha Selman y Nejla'a Salih Al-ALI. "Actinium-228 in Natural Background Gamma Radiation Spectrum". Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology 23, n.º 8 (agosto de 1986): 740–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/18811248.1986.9735047.

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18

Scott, Bobby R. y Jennifer Di Palma. "Sparsely Ionizing Diagnostic and Natural Background Radiations are Likely Preventing Cancer and other Genomic-Instability-Associated Diseases". Dose-Response 5, n.º 3 (1 de julio de 2007): dose—response.0. http://dx.doi.org/10.2203/dose-response.06-002.scott.

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Routine diagnostic X-rays (e.g., chest X-rays, mammograms, computed tomography scans) and routine diagnostic nuclear medicine procedures using sparsely ionizing radiation forms (e.g., beta and gamma radiations) stimulate the removal of precancerous neoplastically transformed and other genomically unstable cells from the body (medical radiation hormesis). The indicated radiation hormesis arises because radiation doses above an individual-specific stochastic threshold activate a system of cooperative protective processes that include high-fidelity DNA repair/apoptosis (presumed p53 related), an auxiliary apoptosis process (PAM process) that is presumed p53-independent, and stimulated immunity. These forms of induced protection are called adapted protection because they are associated with the radiation adaptive response. Diagnostic X-ray sources, other sources of sparsely ionizing radiation used in nuclear medicine diagnostic procedures, as well as radioisotope-labeled immunoglobulins could be used in conjunction with apoptosis-sensitizing agents (e.g., the natural phenolic compound resveratrol) in curing existing cancer via low-dose fractionated or low-dose, low-dose-rate therapy (therapeutic radiation hormesis). Evidence is provided to support the existence of both therapeutic (curing existing cancer) and medical (cancer prevention) radiation hormesis. Evidence is also provided demonstrating that exposure to environmental sparsely ionizing radiations, such as gamma rays, protect from cancer occurrence and the occurrence of other diseases via inducing adapted protection (environmental radiation hormesis).

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19

Karki, R. S., R. Bhatta, B. P. Jha, R. Khanal y B. R. Shah. "Study of Natural Background Radiation in Bagmati Province, Nepal". Journal of Nepal Physical Society 9, n.º 2 (31 de diciembre de 2023): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnphyssoc.v9i2.62405.

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In this research, we explored the influence of natural sources on ambient radiation levels in the surrounding environment. Our investigation involved conducting a comprehensive survey of background radiation across seven districts in the Bagmati province. We utilized a Radalert 100 radiation monitor to measure the background dose rate at 141 different locations. The recorded background ionizing radiation at these sites varied from 0.022 mR/hr to 0.028 mR/hr, averaging at 0.025 mR/hr. The mean dose rate was determined to 2.129 ± 0.172 mSv/y. Subsequently, the obtained dose rates were used to compute the Annual Effective Dose equivalent (AEDE) for the local population, revealing values ranging from 0.240 mSv/yr to 0.294 mSv/yr, with an average of 0.270 mSv/yr. Significantly, these AEDE values exceeded the International Commission for Radiation Protection (ICRP) limit of annual effective dose (1mSv/yr) recommended for the general public. The elevated AEDE levels are likely attributed to the geological characteristics and rock formation in the study area. Despite the higher AEDE, it is important to note that our overall findings suggests no substantial radiological hazard to the public in the study regions.

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20

Nenov, Nikolay. "DEVICE FOR MONITORING THE CONDITION OF THE NATURAL BACKGROUND". Environment. Technology. Resources. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 2 (5 de agosto de 2015): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2011vol2.993.

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Life on Earth arose and exists in terms of natural ionizing radiation. Environmental pollution with radioactive substances begins with the emergence of the nuclear industry. Proceeding from the accepted truth that there is no safe dose of exposure to radioactive radiation and accumulated over the years experience (more than 25 years), the author of this article provides an apparatus for monitoring the condition of the natural radiation background based on light and sound indication in all cases when there is increase toward “imperturbable” atmosphere.

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21

Joshi, Bhawani Datt, Akkal Dhami y Prithivi Raj Joshi. "Measurement of natural background radiation level in Darchula district, Nepal". Scientific World 15, n.º 15 (14 de junio de 2022): 137–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/sw.v15i15.45664.

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Natural background radiation level within Darchula district of Nepal was measured using a simple portable Geiger-Müller counter. Data were collected along six different directions at different places (three-five places) of the sample sites of the district and was averaged. The average data value with their standard deviation was used for analysis. In this study, the maximum radiation counts of 51.16 2.30 CPM were reported at Satan and the minimum counts of 25.96 2.30 CPM at Gokuleshwar. The observed radiation level of the Darchula district shows that the district is below the radiation risk level (nearly 100 CPM).

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22

Thomas, John Richard, M. Vishnu Sreejith, Usha K. Aravind, S. K. Sahu, P. G. Shetty, M. Swarnakar, R. A. Takale, Gauri Pandit y C. T. Aravindakumar. "Outdoor and indoor natural background gamma radiation across Kerala, India". Environmental Science: Atmospheres 2, n.º 1 (2022): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ea00033k.

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The average annual outdoor background radiation dosage across the study area was ∼two times greater than the world average. Higher radiation dosage was observed in indoor environments than outdoors in the majority of the sampling locations.

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23

Chen, Y. F., J. W. Lin, R. J. Sheu, U. T. Lin y S. H. Jiang. "Measurement of natural background radiation intensity on a train". Radiation Protection Dosimetry 144, n.º 1-4 (3 de noviembre de 2010): 663–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncq308.

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24

Dobrzyński, Ludwik, Krzysztof W. Fornalski y Ludwig E. Feinendegen. "The human cancer in high natural background radiation areas". International Journal of Low Radiation 10, n.º 2 (2015): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijlr.2015.074413.

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25

Shweikani, R., M. S. Al-Masri, M. Hushari, G. Raja, M. Aissa y R. Al-Hent. "Natural radiation background in the ancient city of Palmyra". Radiation Measurements 47, n.º 7 (julio de 2012): 557–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.radmeas.2012.05.003.

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26

Abdullaev, I. G., A. Abduvaliev, Kh Murtazaev y M. Rustamov. "Natural radiation background of the Leninabad region in Tadjikistan". Radiation Measurements 25, n.º 1-4 (enero de 1995): 397–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1350-4487(95)00126-y.

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27

Wakeford, Richard, Gerald M. Kendall y Mark P. Little. "THE RISK OF CANCER FROM NATURAL BACKGROUND IONIZING RADIATION". Health Physics 97, n.º 6 (diciembre de 2009): 637–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.hp.0000363834.40051.f7.

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28

Kawanishi, Masanobu y Takashi Yagi. "Exploration of biological phenomena of below-background natural radiation". Nucleus 62, n.º 2 (12 de noviembre de 2018): 173–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13237-018-0254-7.

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29

Al-Dargazelli, S. S. "Bismuth radionuclides in the natural background gamma radiation spectrum". Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry Articles 116, n.º 1 (noviembre de 1987): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02037206.

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30

Chichester, David L., James T. Johnson, Scott M. Watson, Jay D. Hix y Scott J. Thompson. "Observation of natural background radiation during the Great American Eclipse". Applied Radiation and Isotopes 142 (diciembre de 2018): 151–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apradiso.2018.09.008.

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31

Matsuda, N., N. Fukuda, M. Yamauchi, Y. Tsunoyama, S. Tomita y M. Kita. "HIGH BACKGROUND AREA FOR RADIATION EDUCATION". Radiation Protection Dosimetry 184, n.º 3-4 (26 de abril de 2019): 294–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncz084.

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Abstract This paper describes our trial experience of the use of high radiation area for radiation education. We used environmental samples collected from the high radiation area in Fukushima prefecture and India, for the practice of radiation measurement and health risk assessment in Nagasaki University Medical School. We also carried out the field monitoring seminar for students in the existing exposure areas in Tottori prefecture and the Yamakiya observatory in Fukushima. Although the evaluation of educational effectiveness is still underway, both types of education appeared attractive for the students mostly due to the exposure from natural environment in our real life which was not achieved by using an artificial radiation source in a classroom.

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32

Sohrabi, Mehdi. "World high background natural radiation areas: Need to protect public from radiation exposure". Radiation Measurements 50 (marzo de 2013): 166–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.radmeas.2012.03.011.

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33

Nagathil, Neeraja, Vineethkumar Vadakkemattathil, Shimod Kundu Parambil y Prakash Vamanan. "Spatial analysis of radionuclide concentration in the high background radiation regions of Kerala, India". Radiation Protection Dosimetry 199, n.º 20 (diciembre de 2023): 2554–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncad195.

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Abstract Every creature on earth undergoes continuous exposure to natural background radiation. Hence, it is crucial to monitor systematically, the degree of radioactivity in the ecosystem and possible radiological health hazards. The present study attempt to investigate the dynamics of prominent radionuclides and various radiological parameters associated with terrestrial gamma radiations along the littoral regions of the Kollam district, a well-reported high background radiation area in India. The gamma radiation exposure rate along the coastal belt of Kollam was measured using a portable Micro-R-survey meter and associated radiological parameters have been calculated and compared with the global average values. The result indicates that the radiological parameters cross the safe limits recommended by the UNSCEAR 2000. A high value is found in the shoreline of Chavara, with a maximum absorbed dose rate of 11 945.1nGyh−1. The monazite-enriched black sand widely distributed all along the coast, which contains natural radioisotopes such as 40K, 226Ra and 232Th, has greatly contributed to the increase in radiation levels in the regions.

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34

Kardan, Mohammad Reza, Nahid Sadeghi, Nasrin Fathabadi y Ali Attarilar. "ASSESSMENT OF TERRESTRIAL RADIATION BY DIRECT MEASUREMENT OF AMBIENT DOSE EQUIVALENT RATE OF BACKGROUND RADIATION". Radiation Protection Dosimetry 184, n.º 2 (29 de noviembre de 2018): 189–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncy198.

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Abstract Estimation of terrestrial external radiation is essential for assessment of public exposure to natural radiation. During national survey of natural radionuclide in soil in Iran, 979 soil samples were collected from different locations, in the same time ambient dose equivalent rate was measured by a scintillator detector. In this work, terrestrial radiation was estimated by direct measurement of ambient dose equivalent rate of background radiation. The response of dose measuring instrument to cosmic radiation at ground level was measured and other components were discussed and estimated. For verification, terrestrial radiation derived from this method was compared with those calculated from activity concentration of natural radionuclides in soil. The averages of ambient dose equivalent rate derived from activity concentration of by natural radionuclide in soil and from direct measurement are 55.07 and 62.57 nSv/h, respectively. The source of statistical and systematic uncertainties are introduced and discussed.

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35

Bazhin, S. Yu y G. N. Kaidanovsky. "Consideration of the contribution of the natural background component during individual control of radiation doses to personnel". Radiatsionnaya Gygiena = Radiation Hygiene 14, n.º 4 (27 de diciembre de 2021): 122–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21514/1998-426x-2021-14-4-122-128.

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When ensuring radiation safety in the Russian Federation, there is a principle of separate independent assessment of doses from natural, medical, emergency and technogenic exposure. In practice, it is not always possible to comply with this principled approach. The established dose limits are related only to man-made radiation during normal operation of sources of ionizing radiation. However, during the formation of regional and federal databases on individual doses of personnel exposure, information is entered not on technogenic exposure, but on industrial exposure, that is, without subtracting the natural radiation background. The natural component of the individual dose at low radiation doses is quite significant. Failure to its subtraction leads to an overestimation of the individual dose of external exposure of personnel. Difficulties arise in the implementation of the subtraction of the natural radiation background: 1) in what cases it is necessary to subtract the background, 2) what value to choose for the subtracted background, 3) what method to measure the background, 4) at what stage of processing the measurement information to subtract the background. This article proposes a method for solving the problem of subtracting the natural background radiation from the values of individual doses of external exposure to personnel based on results of individual dosimetric control. Using the example of the city of St. Petersburg, the natural background radiation was measured by the thermoluminescent method of individual dosimetry at 50 control points for three consecutive years (2018-2020). To measure the natural background, we used individual thermoluminescent dosimeters of the same type as those used to measure individual equivalents of external radiation doses to personnel. The choice of using the thermoluminescent method as a predominant one for adjusting the average doses of external radiation from technogenic sources of ionizing radiation when subtracting the natural component of the dose has been substantiated. Comparison of official data on personnel exposure doses with the data obtained as a result of our own measurements is made. Recommendations are given on the use of the obtained values of the average natural radiation background in the formation of regional and federal databases on individual doses of personnel exposure.

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Kendall, Gerry, Richard Wakeford y Mark Little. "Childhood Leukaemia and natural background radiation: Context and dosimetric aspects". ISEE Conference Abstracts 2013, n.º 1 (19 de septiembre de 2013): 5783. http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/isee.2013.s-2-27-02.

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37

Abraham*, Itty. "Geopolitics and Biopolitics in India’s High Natural Background Radiation Zone". Science, Technology and Society 17, n.º 1 (marzo de 2012): 105–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/097172181101700106.

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38

Walencik-Łata, Agata, Katarzyna Szkliniarz, Jan Kisiel, Kinga Polaczek-Grelik, Karol Jędrzejczak, Marcin Kasztelan, Jacek Szabelski et al. "Characteristics of Natural Background Radiation in the Lubin Mine, Poland". Energies 15, n.º 22 (13 de noviembre de 2022): 8478. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15228478.

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There has been growing interest in using underground locations for applications in various fields, including research. In Poland, for several years, attempts have been made to build an underground laboratory. For this purpose, selecting an appropriate location requires a detailed analysis of the level of natural radioactivity. The present study presents detailed characteristics of the natural background radiation in close vicinity to shaft L-VI of the Lubin mine, at the depth of 910 m (2275 m w.e.). The in situ measurement of the photon flux in the 7–3150 keV energy range was equal to 8.08 ± 0.90 cm−2s−1, and the gamma-ray dose rate of 0.070 ± 0.010 µSv/h with the highest contribution from 40K and 214B isotopes. The thermal neutron flux measured using helium counters was equal to 4.2 ± 0.9 × 10−6 cm−2s−1. The radon concentration in the air measured with the RAD7 monitor showed low values ranging from 0 to 15.3 Bq/m3. Laboratory measurements of rocks using alpha and gamma spectrometry techniques showed a significant variation in the concentration of 226Ra and 234,238U isotopes, and the highest concentration values were recorded for shales. The 40K, 234,238U and 226Ra isotopes make the greatest contribution to the natural radioactivity of analyzed rocks.

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LIAN, Jun, Hao SUN, Qinan LIN, Xuejia CAO, Chong LI y Huaguo HUANG. "Field observations of background thermal radiation directionality in natural forests". National Remote Sensing Bulletin 21, n.º 3 (2017): 365–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.11834/jrs.20176097.

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40

Isa, Sambo, Rafiu A. Abuh y Ekong Godwin. "Assessment of Natural Background Radiation Exposure in the Federal Capital Territory of Nigeria". European Journal of Theoretical and Applied Sciences 2, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2024): 480–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.59324/ejtas.2024.2(1).40.

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The detrimental effects of environmental contamination and deterioration on health are a worldwide concern and Nigerian environmental and public authorities continue to be concerned about the risk to public health. The water, the sky, construction materials and the earth's crust all release natural background radiation that contaminates the environment around us. Additionally, people are exposed to background radiation that comes from internal, cosmic, and terrestrial sources, although, the altitude determines the amount of cosmic radiation exposure, and high altitudes result in large radiation doses. Monitoring the amounts of radiation to which humans are exposed, either directly or indirectly, requires an understanding of the natural background radiation in the environment. The current study attempted to create a baseline of outdoor background radiation in FCT for exposure rate, absorbed dose rate, annual effective dose equivalent, and excess life cancer risk. The study used a very sensitive survey meter to measure the BIR. The average BIR value found in the research areas is marginally below the 0.013mRh-1 global BIR level, indicating an almost high BIR level for the FCT while the absorbed dose rates of 105.85nGy/hr was greater than the 59nGy/hr global population weighted average gamma dose rates estimate. The obtained annual effective dosage equivalent value is greater than the global average normal annual effective dosage level for outdoor environments, and the excess lifetime cancer risk values were higher than the 0.29×10-3 allowable level as reported by UNSCEAR & ICRP. Therefore, the general people and those who live in environmentally sensitive areas may experience immediate health effects from contamination and radiation levels at the current rates.

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41

Tran, Thanh Thien, Tao Van Chau, Tam Duc Hoang y Yen Thi Hong Vo. "STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF NATURAL BACKGROUND FOR GAMMA SPECTROMETER SYSTEM". Science and Technology Development Journal 14, n.º 4 (30 de diciembre de 2011): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v14i4.2032.

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In the analysis of environmental radioactive isotopes using gamma spectrometry, natural background radiation is an important parameter related to the analytical results directly. Therefore, in this work, the influence of natural background radiation was studied for two models: with and without shielding of gamma spectrometer system. The initial results showed that the minimum detectable activity (MDA) of radionuclides such as 234Th, 226Ra, 212Pb, 208Tl, 40K, 214Pb, 214Bi, 228Ac have the difference of two models from 10% to 503%. This is the basis for researches to improve the lead shielding chamber in the future.

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42

Pérez, Mario, Estefanía Chávez, Magdy Echeverría, Rafael Córdova y Celso Recalde. "Assessment of natural background radiation in one of the highest regions of Ecuador". Radiation Physics and Chemistry 146 (mayo de 2018): 73–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2018.01.002.

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43

Gostilo, V., A. Sokolov, S. Pohuliai y J. Joutsenvaara. "Characterisation of the natural gamma-ray background in the underground Callio Lab facility". Applied Radiation and Isotopes 156 (febrero de 2020): 108987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apradiso.2019.108987.

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44

Stepkin, Yu I., M. K. Kuzmichev, O. V. Klepikov y E. М. Studenikina. "HYGIENIC EVALUATION OF EXPOSURE DOSES FOR THE VORONEZH REGION POPULATION FROM THE NATURAL AND TECHNOGENOUSLY MODIFIED BACKGROUND". Radiatsionnaya Gygiena = Radiation Hygiene 11, n.º 2 (12 de julio de 2018): 74–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.21514/1998-426x-2018-11-2-74-82.

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The purpose of the study was to estimate the doses to the Voronezh region population from natural sources of ionizing radiation and the technologically altered background in the territory of Voronezh Region. The data of forms of state statistical observation No. 4-DOZ “Information on the doses of population exposure due to natural and technologically altered background” for 20102017 and the radiation and hygienic passport of the territory of the Voronezh Region were used. The average annual per caput effective dose due to all types of ionizing radiation remains stable with a slight upward trend and lies in the range from 2.925 (2010) to 3.656 mSv (2017). Natural sources are the main dose-forming factors for the population. Their annual contribution to the annual effective dose ranges from 74.96 to 83.65%. The leading contribution to the total dose from natural sources is the exposure due to the inhalation of radon isotopes: it ranges from 37.6 to 51.1%. In second place,there is the share of external exposure from sources of terrigenous origin, which ranges from 21.2 to 28.9% of the total dose. The average annual effective dose of natural exposure to humans varies from 2,355 to 2,980 mSv / year, the exposure from radon – from 0,83 to 1,65 mSv / year. The dose from technogenic-altered radiation background, including global radioactive fallout due to atmospheric nuclear tests and due to past radiation accidents are insignificant (0,062 mSv / year). Its annual contribution to the total dose is less than 2%. Based on the results of the assessment of the indicators characterizing the level of exposure of sources of ionizing radiation to natural and technogenic-altered radiation background, no excess of radiation safety standards has been recorded. The situation associated with exposure to ionizing radiation sources in the Voronezh region has been described as safe for the last 8 years.

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Kennedy, Konnor J., Alexandre LeBlanc, Jake Pirkkanen, Christopher Thome, T. C. Tai, Robert LeClair y Douglas R. Boreham. "DOSIMETRIC CHARACTERISATION OF A SUB-NATURAL BACKGROUND RADIATION ENVIRONMENT FOR RADIOBIOLOGY INVESTIGATIONS". Radiation Protection Dosimetry 195, n.º 2 (junio de 2021): 114–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncab120.

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Abstract Living systems have evolved in the presence of naturally occurring ionising radiation. REPAIR is a research project investigating the biological effects of sub-natural background radiation exposure in SNOLAB, a deep-underground laboratory. Biological systems are being cultured within a sub-background environment as well as two control locations (underground and surface). A comprehensive dosimetric analysis was performed. GEANT4 simulation was used to characterise the contribution from gamma, muons and neutrons. Additionally, dose rates from radon, 40K and 14C were calculated based on measured activity concentrations. The total absorbed dose rate in the sub-background environment was 27 times lower than the surface control, at 2.48 ± 0.20 nGy hr−1, including a >400-fold reduction in the high linear energy transfer components. This modelling quantitatively confirms that the environment within SNOLAB provides a substantially reduced background radiation dose rate, thereby setting the stage for future sub-background biological studies using a variety of model organisms.

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46

Weiss, M., M. Fang, Y. Altmann, M. G. Paff y A. Di Fulvio. "Effect of natural gamma background radiation on portal monitor radioisotope unmixing". Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 1002 (junio de 2021): 165269. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2021.165269.

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47

Szkliniarz, Katarzyna, Agata Walencik-Łata, Jan Kisiel, Kinga Polaczek-Grelik, Karol Jędrzejczak, Marcin Kasztelan, Jacek Szabelski et al. "Characteristics of Natural Background Radiation in the Polkowice-Sieroszowice Mine, Poland". Energies 14, n.º 14 (14 de julio de 2021): 4261. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14144261.

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Natural radioactivity in underground locations is the main parameter for the safety of work (occupational hazards) and for the success of experiments in physics or biology requiring unique conditions. The characterization of natural prominence was carried out in the Conceptual Lab development in one of KGHM deep copper mines co-ordinated by KGHM Cuprum R&D. Natural radioactivity studies were performed and included in situ gamma spectrometry, neutron flux measurements, radon concentration, and alpha and gamma laboratory spectrometry measurements of rock samples. At a depth of 1014.4 m (2941.8 m w.e.) within the anhydrite layer, a neutron flux of 2.0 ± 0.2 × 10−6 cm−2 s−1, a gamma-ray dose of 0.008 ± 0.001 μSv/h, a photon flux density of 0.64 ± 0.20 cm−2 s−1, and a radon concentration of 6.6 Bq/m3 were determined. Laboratory analyses of 226,228Ra, 40K, and 238,234U concentrations in collected rock samples showed low values. The exceptionally low level of natural radioactivity in the Polkowice-Sieroszowice mine makes this location a unique place for scientific research.

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48

Bigeldiyeva, M. T., V. V. Dyachkov, V. I. Zherebchevsky, Yu A. Zaripova y A. V. Yushkov. "Route measurements of natural surface radiation background in the Almaty region". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2155, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2022): 012027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2155/1/012027.

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Abstract Measurements of the spatial distribution of radon isotopes were carried out from April 2021 to August 2021 in the foothills of the Trans-Ili Alatau of the Tien Shan in the Almaty region at various heights above sea level: from 500 to 2500 meters. They were carried out using electronic radiometric equipment: beta-dosimeter “RKS-01B-SOLO”; gamma dosimeter “RKS-01G-SOLO”; radiometer of radon and its daughter decay products “RAMON- 02” in the field. As a result, preliminary assessment schemes were built for route measurements of the 222Rn radon isotope, beta and gamma radiation fields from natural daughter products of decay of radon isotopes and radionuclides located in the surface atmospheric layer.

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49

SHAHBAZI-GAHROUEI, DARYOUSH. "natural background radiation Dosimetry in the highest altitude region of Iran". Journal of Radiation Research 44, n.º 3 (2003): 285–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1269/jrr.44.285.

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50

Hosoda, Masahiro, Eka Djatnika Nugraha, Naofumi Akata, Ryohei Yamada, Yuki Tamakuma, Michiya Sasaki, Kevin Kelleher et al. "A unique high natural background radiation area – Dose assessment and perspectives". Science of The Total Environment 750 (enero de 2021): 142346. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142346.

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